^^'4. sH^lK (!|atnellltniuet;0itg ffiihtarg 3tt;aca, INem ^ack BOUGHT WITH THE INCOME OF THE SAGE ENDOWMENT FUND THE GIFT OF HENRY W. SAGE 1891 CORNELL UNIVERSITY LIBRARY 3 1924 092 512 635 Cornell University Library The original of this book is in the Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924092512635 SURNAMES OF THE UNITED KINGDOM SUENAMES OF THE UNITED KINGDOM: A CONCISE ETYMOLOGICAL DICTIONARY BY HENRY HARRISON Author of "The Place-Names of the Liverpool District", "Lancashire Place-Names", "The Vernacular Form of Abjuration and Confession of Faith, &c.'', "Romancing about Names", "The Origin of Yanlcee", "Italian Onomatology", &c. Assisted by GvtjA Harrison, formerly of Queen's College, London VOLUME TWO LONDON The Mobland Press, Ltd., 190 Ebury Street, S.W.I 19]L8 LIST OF ORIGINAL SUBSCRIBERS Aberdeen Public Library (G. M. Fraser, Esq., Librarian). C. W. Adams, Esq., Haileybury College, Hertford. C. H. Bellamy, Esq., 7, Rue de I'Epidene, Tourcoing. James G. Bisset, Esq., 85, Broad Street, Aberdeen. Henry Brierley, Esq., 26, Swinley Road, Wigan. Brighton Public Library. The Right Rev. Bishop Browne, 2, Campden House Road, W.8. J. F. L. Brunner, Esq., M.P., 43, Harrington Gardens, S.W.7. A. C. Caldicott, Esq., Church House, Henley-in-Arden. G. P. Cardell, Esq., 21, Chorley New Road, Bolton. Miss D'Arcy, Spring Road, Abingdon. Major R. de S. Dudgeon, Bombay. W. H. Duignan, Esq., Gorway House, Walsall. William Ford Edgelow, Esq., Braddon Villa, Torquay. Frank Gallsworthy, Esq., Wellesley Buildings, Leeds. Guildhall Library (Bernard Kettle, Esq., Librarian), London. E. Hampden-Cooke, Esq., Barton-on-Humber. Rev. H. A. Harris, Thorndon Rectory, Eye. Norman P. JafFrey, Esq., Gorway House, Walsall. Lieut.- Colonel J. H. Leslie, 31, Kenwood Park Road, Sheffield. R. Mond, Esq., M.A., F.R.S.E., Combe Bank, Sevenoaks. William Morgan, Esq,, 53, Lucerne Road, Thornton Heath. Norwich Free Library. His Grace the Duke of Northumberland (J. C. Hodgson, Esq., Librarian). J. Pulsford, Esq., 80, Terminus Road, Eastbourne. Public Record Office, Chancery Lane, W.C.2. J. Reffitt-Oldfield, Esq., Over Woolacombe, N. Devon. F. Sadler, Esq., 201, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds. Rev. C. P. Sheppard, Bourton, Dorset. F. R. Twemlow, Esq., Peatswood, Market Drayton. Rev. Geoffrey Egerton-Warburton, Warburton Rectory, Warrington. Rev. S. C. Wood, Stroxton, Grantham. Roland A. Wood-Seys, Esq., Sidmouth. The List of Subscribers had to be closed at an early period, as the Publisher found that the original subscription-price of £1 Is. Od. was inadequate owing to the cost of printing being considerably greater than had at first been anticipated ; but he has pleasure in stating that most of those above named have voluntarily paid an extra 10s. 6d. in addition to their original subscription. FORESPEECH II. Owing to the War the Second Volume of the Dictionary has taken longer to complete than was anticipated when the First Volume was issued. There is little to add to the preface to Vol. I. In February, 1917, I suffered a grievous loss by the death, after a long illness, of my wife GySa, only daughter of the late Professor F. S. Pulling, M.A. Oxon. During the past two years my friend Mr. A. A. Neil, M. A., Ph.D., has kindly helped me with the proof-reading. I should once again acknowledge my indebtedness to Mr. Edward Smith for the loan of his very useful MS. Index of Place-Names occurring in Dr. Birch's 'Gartularium Saxonicum.' This Index, with some re- vision, ought to be printed at the expense of the nation. I only regret that I had not the use of it for the early parts of the First Volume of the Dictionary. It has not been thought desirable, on consideration, to print the list of treatises quoted, promised in the first Forespeech. Such a list could have little intrinsic value ; and, in any case, paper has now to be economized. I wish, in conclusion, to express my thanks to Mr. Walter Bradley, Managing Director of the Morland Press, Ltd., for very valuable co- operation in various ways. Hy. Harrison. August 1918. ABBREVIATIONS, ETC. A.-Fr. = Anglo-French. A.-Fr.-Lat. = ^^.nglo-French-Latin; agent. = agential, denoting the agent. anc. = anciently. app. = apparently. Aram. = Aramaic. A.-Sax. = Anglo-Saxon or Old English. asp. = aspirated. assim. = assimilated; assimilation. Bel. = Belonging. Bret. = Breton. Cal. Geneal. = Calendarium Genealogicum (temp. Hen. III.— Edw. I.). Cal. Inq. ad q. Damn. = Calendarium In- quisitionum ad quod Damnum (temp. Edw. II.— Hen. VI.). Cal. Inq. P.M. = Calendarium Inquisitio- num Post Mortem (A.D. 1217-1485). Cal. Rot. Chart. = Calendarium Rotulorum Chartarum (temp. John — Edw. IV.). Cal. Rot. Orig. = Calendarium Rotulorum Originalium (temp. Hen. III. — Edw. III.). Cart. Sax. = Cartulai'ium Saxonicum (Birch). Celt. = Celtic. Cod. Dipl. = Cqdex Diplomaticus JEvi Saxonici (Kemble). Cont. = Continental, contr. = contraction. Corn. =' Cornish, corr. = corrupt(ion. Dan. = Danish. Dan.-Norw. = Dano-Norwegian. der. = derivative. Dial. = Dialect(al. dim. = diminutive(s. Dipl. Angl. = Diplomatarium Anglicum iEvi Saxonici (Thorpe). Dut. = Dutch. E.D.D. =Eiielish Dialect Dictionary. E., Eng. = English. E. Eng. = Eastern English. E. Fris. = East Frisian. E.M.E. = Early Middle English. E. Mod. E. = Early Modern English. f. = from, formed on. fil. = filial, son-. Flem. = Flemish, form. = formerly ; formative. Frank. = Frankish. Fris. = Frisian. Gael. = Gaelic. Gaul. = Gaulish. Goth. = Gothic. Gt. Inq. of Serv. = Great Inquest of Service (A.D. 1212). Heb. = Hebrew. Hund. Rolls = Hundred- Rolls or Rotuli Hundredorum (A.D. 1274). Ir. = Irish. L.Ger. = Low German. L.Lat. = Low Latin, Late Latin (Post- classical). M.Dut. = Middle Dutch. M.E. = Middle English (12th to ijlh cent.) meton. = metonymic. M.H.Ger. = Middle High German (12th to 15th cent.) M.Ir. = Middle Irish (12th to mid. i6thcent. M.N.E. = Middle Northern English. M.Scot. = Middle Scottish. M.Wel. = Middle Welsh. Nat. Gaz. = National Gazetteer of Gt. Bri- tain and Ireland, 12 vols., 1868. N.E. = Northern English. N.E.D. = New English Dictionary. N.Fr. = Northern French. Norw. = Norwegian, occ. = occasionally. O.Bret. = Old Breton. O.E. = Old English or Anglo-Saxon. O.Fr. = Old French. O.Fris. = Old Frisian. O.Gael. = Old Gaelic. O.H.Ger. = Old High German. O.L.Ger. = Old Low German. O.Ir. = Old Irish. O.N. = Old Norse or Icelandic. O.N.E. = Old Northern English. O.S.E. = Old Southern English. O.Sax. = Old (Continental) Saxon. O.Teut. = Old Teutonic. O.Wel. = Old Welsh. Pari. Writs = Parliamentary Writs (A.D. 1 272-1 326). Pict. = Pictish. Plac. de Quo Warr. = Placita de Quo Warranto (temp. Edw. I., II., III.). Plac. Dom. Cap. Westm. = Placita in Domo Capitulari Westmonasteriensi (temp. Rich. I.-Edw. II.). plen. = plenary. Rot. Norm. = Rotuli Normanniae (A.D. 1200-5 ^^^ 1417)- Scand. = Scandinavian. Sem. = Semitic, s.n. = sub nomine. S.E. = Southern English. S.Fr. = Southern French. Swed. = Swedish. Teut. = Teutonic, var. = variant(s; variantly. Wei. = Welsh. * = Not recorded (Based on analogy). Old English and Old Norse ]>, «S = th v»„ CONTENTS, VOLUME II. )f Original Subscribers ipeech II iviations, &c. 3 Smith's Poem on Surnames' Origin of our Surnames ... ndexing of Surnames )nary of Surnames, M — Z ological' Appendix of the Principal Foreign Names found Jritish Directories ... ... ..: dments and Additions Page vttt. i. — XV xvi. 1— 318—; 330—; SURNAMES [The following clever verses by James Smith, of ' Rejected Addresses ' fame, although they have more than once been printed, are worth reproducing here.] Men once were surnamed from their shape or estate, (You all may from History worm it) ; There was Lewis the Bulky, and Henry the Great, John Laekland, and Peter the Hermit. But now, when the door-plates of Misters and Dames Are read, each so constantly varies From the owner's trade, figure, and calling, Surnames Seem given by the rule of contraries. Mr. Box, though provoked, never doubles his fist, Mr. Burns, in his grate, has no fuel ; Mr. Playfair won't catch me at hazard or whist, Mr. Coward was winged in a duel. Mr. Wise is a dunce, Mr. King is a whig, Mr. Coffin's uncommonly sprightly, And huge Mr. Little broke down in a gig, While driving fat Mrs. Golightly. Mrs. Drinkwater's apt to indulge in a dram, Mrs. Angel's an absolute fury. And meek Mr. Lyon let fierce Mr. Lamb Tweak his nose in the lobby of Drury. At Bath, where the feeble go more than the stout, (A conduct well worthy ot Nero), Over poor Mr. Lightfoot, confined with the gout, Mr. Heaviside danced a"Bolero. -Miss Joy, wretched maid, when she chose Mr, Love, Found nothing but sorrow await her: She now holds in wedlock, as true as a dove. That fondest of mates, Mr. Hayter. Mr. Oldcastle dwells in a modern-built hut. Miss Sage is of madcaps the archest ; Of all the queer bachelors Cupid e'er cut. Old Mr. Younghusband's the starchest. Mr. Child, in a passion, knock'd down Mr. Rock, Mr. Stone like an aspen-leaf shivers ; rtiss Poole used to dance, but she stands Jike a stock Ever since she became Mrs. Rivers ; Mr. Swift hobbles onward, no mortal knows how. He moves as though cords had entwin'd him ; Mr. Metcalfe ran off, upon meeting a cow, With pale Mr. "Turnbull behind him. Mr. Barker's as mute as a fish in the sea, Mr. Miles never moves on a journey ; Mr. Gotobed sits up till half-after three, Mr. Makepeace was bred an attorney. Mr. Gardener can't tell a flower from a root, Mr. Wilde with timidity draws back, Mr. Ryder performs all his journeys on foot, Mr. Foote all his journeys on horseback. Mr. Penny, whose father was rolling in wealth, Kick'd down all his fortune his dad won, Large Mr. Le Fever's the picture of health, Mr. Goodenough is but a bad one. Mr. Cruickshank stept into three thousand a year, By shewing his leg to an heiress — Now I hope you'll acknowledge I've made it quite clear That surnames ever go by contraries. via. THE ORIGIN OF OUR SURNAMES The Anglo-Saxons were well acquainted with the use of what we call surnames; but naturally with them such use was exceptional, and by way of distinguishment, as, for example, in the famous case of the two ill-fated 7th- century missionaries to the Continental Saxons, both named Hewald and distinguished from each other by the descriptive surnames, from the colour of their hair, Black (Niger) and White (Albus). The earliest historical instance of an Anglo- Saxon surname seems to be that of Hengest's son, the Kentish King Eric (Baeda's Oeric), d. A.D. 512, who was surnamed ^Esc (Bseda's Oisc), i.e. Lance or Spear, from the ash-wood shaft. In the follow- ing century we have perhaps the earliest recorded instance of an Anglo-Saxon patronymic: a monk named Biscop (Bishop) was sur- named Baducing, that is Baduc's Son. By the 10th century, with the increase of population, surnames had become commoner, and we meet with such patronymics as (Eanulf) Penearding, i.e. Pen(h)eard's Son, and ( Wulfhere) Cidding, i.e. Cidda's or Cydda's Son, as well as names like Wulfgar Leofa (Beloved), Wulfsie se Blaca (the Black), and the equivalent of our local surnames in Bryhtwald on (variantly aet) Msereweorthe ; while in at least one instance we find what may be considered to be the counterpart of our modern double-barrelled surnames : Wulfhun se Blaca aet Sumortune. Later still, in the 11th century, we meet with Godwig se Bucca (the Buck), Mliwig se R6od (the Red), jElfweard Dudda, Wulfgaer set Hiwerc, .^Elfwig ast Hsegdune ; and a daughter of Cnut, Gunhild, was surnamed ^thelthryth. Further, as to the Scandinavian side of our ancestry, we find, as descendants of Harald Bldtand (Blue Tooth), Svend Tiugu-skegg (Fork-Beard), Thorgils Sprakalegg (Creak-Leg), Svend Estridsen (Estrid's Son), and Harald Heraf6t(Harefoot) ; while one of Blatand's daughters married Olaf Tryggvason (Tryggvi's Son). The Anglo-Saxons had three words denoting 'surname' or 'cog- norhen': cti^nama, literally familiar name';/r^'o««ma:, lit. free name'; and td-nama, lit. 'additional name.' The Norsemen used the word kenningar-nafn, from the genit. sing., kenntngar, of kenning, mark of recognition'. The present-day Dano-Norwegian word is tilnavn. The ordinary names of the Anglo-Saxons "were imposed," says Sharon Turner ('Hist, of the A. -Saxons,' IV. 47), "as with us, in their infancy, by their parents. In several charters it is mentioned that the persons therein alluded to had been called from their cradles by the names expressed, and which they had received 'not from accident, but from the will of their parents.' " "The Hebrews attached great importance to the meanings of their names" ('Camb. Bible Diet.,' p. 109) ; but it has been argued, on insufficient grounds, that the Anglo-Saxons, on the coiitrary, paid no such regard to signification. It is true that there are a certain number of Anglo-Saxon compound or bi-elemental personal names Ti^hich seem to lend colour to this theory; but, on the other hand, the vast majority of them make perfectly good sense on analysis, and were evidently originally formed with a specific semantic purpose. Thus the leading German etymologist, -Kluge, does not hesitate to Anglo- Saxon Surnames Old Scandi- navian Surnames A. -Saxon and Scand. words for 'Surname' Turner on A. -Saxon Names Meaning of A.-Saxon Names Skeat on A.-Saxon Names as Modern Surnames Kemble's and Birch's A.-Saxon Charters The, Vogue of Surnames Isaac Taylor on our Surnames translate Old Germanic names when he has occasion to mention them in his 'Etymologisches Worterbuch der deutschen Sprache' (ed. 1910)— e.g. Ruodolf (Famous Wolf), Adalolf (Adolf), the common A.-Saxon ^thelwulf (Noble Wolf), Kuonrat, the A.-Saxon C(o)enred (Wise Counsel), Gothic Frithareik-s=German Friedrich=A. -Saxon Frithuric, Eng. Frederick (Peace-Ruler), etc.; and Sweet enlarges on the meaning of Beowulf (lit. Bee- Wolf) in his 'A.-Saxon Reader,' p. 216, although I by no means agree with his extended explanation. Moreover we find at any rate one Anglo-Saxon, the Northumbrian Latin poet Ethelwolf (.(Ethelwulf), giving the signification of his name: Hsec Lupus, alte Pater, stolido de pectore Clarus . . . quoted by T. Wright in 'Biographia Britannica Literaria: A.-Saxon Period,' p. 371. Two famous Anglo-Saxon scholars, Baeda and Alhwin (Alcuin), both wrote treatises on the interpretation of Hebrew names; and Baeda liked to comment on the signification of names, as in the case of Felix ( Hist. Eccl.,' II. xv.). A useful 'List of Anglo-Saxon Names still in use as Surnames' (with an Index of Modern Names), by the late Prof. Skeat, appears in the Transactions of the Philological Society, 1907, pp. 57-85. As the basis of this treatise Skeat has used Searle's Onomasticon Anglo- Saxonicum' (1897) for the Old-English names and Bardsley's Dic- tionary of English and Welsh Surnames' (l90l) for modern and Middle-English names ; both of which works were referred to in my Introduction to Vol. I. It is necessary to say here that I do not agree with some of the statements made by Skeat in his paper, nota- bly the assertion that certain Egel- or .^Egel names are ' intermediate forms" or "later variants" of .iEthel- names: the two elements are quite distinct, although there may have been one or two late instan- ces of confusion between them. Other points of difference may be noted by anyone who cares to compare the treatment of certain of the names discussed with the etymologies given in my Dictionary. Kemble's 'Names, Surnames, and Nic-Names of the Anglo-Saxons' (1846) was a noteworthy publication in its day. It^was published while his famous 'Codex Diplomaticus ^vi Saxonici' (1839-48) was in course of issue to the public. This latter work has never been completely superseded, because Dr. Birch's 'Cartularium Saxonicum' (1885-1893) stops short at A.D. 975; but with regard to the quality of the two publications Dr. Birch's own statement as to the 'Codex Diplomaticus,' that "the texts are in a large proportion of cases edited incorrectly, and that, in some instances, to a serious extent," may safely be accepted. The oft-put question. When did surnames come fully into vogue in this country ? is a very difficult one to answer. The late Isaac Taylor, author of several editions of the celebrated 'Words and Places,' later wisely replaced by the much more trustworthy 'Names and their Histories' (1896), contributed the following to 'Notes and Queries' (2nd Feb. 1901) a year only before his death, so that the note represented his mature opinion. "Surnames," he says, "grew out of descriptive appellations, and the date at which they originated varied according to the locality and the person's rank in life. In the South we find them at the beginning of the twelfth century. In the Northern counties they were not universal at the end of the four- teenth ; and in remote parts of Wales, in the mining districts, and in Lower's Pioneer Works Camden's Essay on Surnames the slums of Glasgow they are still unknown. They were first used by the barons and franklins, then by the tradesmen and artisans, and lastly by the labourers." The Hundred- Rolls, A.D. 1274, abound in surnames; and the editor of the Year-Books of Edward III. indicates in the volume for the year 1345 what may be considered the general establishment of surnames — at any rate in the South of England. William Camden, appointed Clarenceux King-of-Arms in 1597,' had reached a some- what similar conclusion in the chapter on Surnames in his 'Remaines concerning Britaine': I quote from a reprint of the Somerset Herald's edition of 1674 which was partly edited by M. A. Lower, author of 'Patronymica Britannica' (1860) and 'Essays on English Surnames' (4th ed., 1875), works which were long held in high esteem but which must now be considered as largely obsolete. "About the year of our Lord 1000 (that we may not minute out the time)," says Camden, surnames began to be taken up in France. .... But not in England till about the time of the Conquest, or else a very little before, under King Edward the Confessour, who was all Frenchified. And to this time do the Scottish men also refer the an- tiquity of their surnames, although Buchanan supposed that they were not in use in Scotland many years after. Yet in England, certain it is, that as the better sort, even from the Conquest, by little and little took surnames, so they were not setled among the common people fully, until about- the tinje of King Edward the Second; but still varied according to the father's name, as Richardson, if his father were Richard ; Hodgeson, if his father were Roger, or in some other respect ; and from thenceforth began to be established (some say by statute) in their posterity As for my self, I never hitherto found any heredita.ry surname before the Conquest, neither any that I know ; and yet both I my self and divers whom I know, have pored and pusled upon many an old Record and evidence to satisfie our selves herein ; and for my part I will acknowledge my self greatly indebted to them that will clear this doubt." In the 12th century, as we know from an oft-quoted anecdote, it was considered, among the upper classes, literally injra digni- tatem not to have a surname. "So it seemed a disgrace,'' wrote Camden, "for a Gentleman to have but one single name, as the meaner sort and bastards had. For the daughter and heir of Fitz Hamon, a great Lord, (as Robert of Glocester, in the Library of the industrious Antiquary Master John Stow writeth,) when King Henry the First would have married her to his base son Robert, she first refusing answered : It were to me a great shame To have a Lord withouten his twa name. Whereupon the King his father gave him the name of Fitz Roy, who after was Earl of Glocester, and the only Worthy of his Age in England." As to the approxirpate date of the introduction of surnames in France we find, again, that Camden was not much out in his estimation when comparison is made with the investigatiops 6f French modern scholars. Monsieur H. de Gallier, in his essay on the Surnames, origin of proper names in ' La Revue,' Paris, 1901, shows that Robert Fitzroy, Earl of Gloucester the heredity of names was not evident in France before the 11th century, and then was confined to the nobiHty. It is hardly neces- sary for me to dwell on the enormous influence which the inflow of Frenchmen into this country after the Conquest has had upon our nomenclature ; even a cursory perusal of this Dictionary is sufficient to show how large a proportion of our surnames had their origin on the other side of the English Channel. One feature is, however, worthy of special rema,rk : the form in our 1 3th- 1 4th century records is very often the present-day French form, which shows what little change a large number of surnames have undergone in France in the course of centuries. On the always interesting subject of British surnames derived from French place-names perhaps I may be allowed to quote here a note which I contributed to " Notes and Queries" in 1902 (22nd Feb.) after a tour in Normandy : — • Surnames derived from French Towns (9th S-viii. 464 ; ix. 16).— As your querist seems to be interested in these, when next he is in Normandy he should take ^n opportunity of ex- amining the list of " Compagnons de Guillaume a la conqu6te de I'Angleterre' en mlxvi.," which he will find graven over the main doorway (inside) of t'he old church at Dives. He can there feast his eyes on famous Anglo-Norman names galore — Durand, GifFard, Talbot, Malet, de Venables, Tirel, de Colleville, Archer, Gibard, Gilbert, de Malleville, Basset, Lovvet, de Perci, de Manneville, de Vernon, de Laci, de Maci, de Chandos, Corbet, de Harcourt, de Mortemer, de Glanville, Maltravers, de Tilly, Bertran, &c. — that is to say, unless he choose the more comfort- able and fashionable occupation of lounging in the gateway of the old " Hostellerie de Guillaume le Conquerant" in,the Rue d'Hastings. The monument in the church was erected by the Societ6 Fran9aise d'Archeologie in August, 1862, just about a year after Arcisse de Caumont set up his celebrated " Colonne Commemorative" on the hill overlooking the mouth of the Dives, whence the Bastard started on his eventful voyage. Wales is the country of the British Isles which is poorest in sur- names. In the 16th Annual Report of the Registrar-General for Eng- land and Wales (1853) it isstated that the surnames of the Principality, if surnames they can be called, do not present the same variety [as in England], most of them having been formed in a simple manner from the Christian or forename of the father in the genitive case, 'son' being understood. Thus, Evan's son became Evans, John's son Jones, &c. Others were derived from the father's name coalesced with a form of the word ap, 'son,' by which Hugh ap Howell became Powell, Evan ap Hugh became Pugh; and in like manner were formed nearly all the Welsh surnames beginning with the letters B Welsh and P. Hereditary surnames were not in use even among the gentry Surnames of Wales until the time of Henry VIII., nor were they generally established until a much later period ; indeed, at the present day they can scarcely be said to be adopted among the lower classes in the wilder districts, where, as the marriage registers show, the Christian name of the father still frequently becomes the patronymic of the son." Numerous stories are told of the fondness of the Welsh, up to a comparatively recent period, for lengthy surnames formed on the iv. ap- or ah- (for Welsh mab, mutated fab. Old Welsh map, 'son') method; and the ensuing dialogue, from an Elizabethan play, may be taken as a type of these :— Judge. What bail ? What sureties ? - Davy. Her cozen ap Rice, ap Evan, ap Morice, ap Morgan, ap Lluellyn, ap Madoc, ap Meredith, ap Griffin, ap Davis, ap Owen, ap Shinkin [Jenkin] Jones. Judge. Two of the most sufficient are enow. Sheriff. An't please your Lordship, these are all BUT one! Which is the commonest Welsh surname ? The well-informed anonymous writer of an article on Welsh Surnames in " The Liver- pool Post" of 9th August, 1913, says that if the matter were gone into carefully it would probably be found that the most common Welsh surname was not Jones but Williams, and this would be found to be-particularly the case in North Wales. " In many a district Williamses, often not at all related to one another, are ridiculously numerous, and various expedients have to be adopted whereby to distinguish one family from another. Often, as in Scotland, a man gets to be known by the name of his house. He, a Williams, let us say, is known as Gwr Vron Wen,' the 'goodman of the white slope;' and the goodwife is known as Gwraig Vron Wen.' .... A recent standard work on Wales suggests inviting the Joneses and the Williamses to choose for themselves new names and getting them duly registered^by a new registration-authority proposed to be specially appointed for the purpose." The same writer does not neglect to dwell upon the Flemish names of South- West Wales. " In South Wales — scarcely at all in North Wales — are to be found surnames ending in -kin, such as Jenkin, Watkin, Hopkin. These names are interesting, for, though now borne by people thoroughly Welsh, the names are Flemish. In the reigns of Henry I. and Henry II. large numbers of Flemings from the Low Countries were settled in South Wales with the view, partly, of helping the Norman Lords- Marchers in the gradual conquest of that part of the Principality. It was the Flemings who brought in the names ending in -kin — the 'jenkin' or 'Little John,' the 'Watkin' or 'Little Walter,' the 'Hopkin' or 'Little Robert.' But no Flemings invaded North Wales, and so North Wales has no -kin." The editor of the 'Registra Antigua de Llantilio Crossenny et Penrhos iti Comitatu Monumethensi, 1577-1644.' (1917) says that at the period in question the use of surnames was just beginning to become general in Wales. ~ The entries in these Monmouthshire registers include cognomens like Gweydd, Meddyg, Saer and Rhodwr, that is, Weaver, Doctor, Carpenter and Wheelwright respectively. 'The Registers of Conway, 1541-1793' (1900) record some patronymics that never came into general vogue, such as Bedward (ab Edward), 'Borworth (ab lorwerth) and Bymphrey (ab Humphrey) ; Boumphrey being the present-day usual form. A useful list of Welsh and Welshified personal names (enwau personau), with their English equivalents, is given in the Anwyl- Spurrell Welsh Diet., ed. 1915. Cornish surnames form an interesting class ; but they have hitherto been inadequately dealt with. Bannister's well-known Glossary of Cornish Names' (1871) is rightfully described by Jenner, in a very The Commonest Welsh Surname The Flemish Names of S.W. Wales Names in Welsh Registers Cornish Surnames Scottish Surnames Scottish Estate- Names as Personal Names Registrar- General on the Origin of Scottish Surnames useful and interesting chapter on the subject in his Handbook ^f the Cornish Language' (1904), as being of "so eminently uncritical a character as to be of little use." Nevertheless Bannister deserves credit for his industry and enterprise. The Registrar- General's Report already quoted says : — "From the circumstances of their common British origin it might be supposed that the Welsh people and the inhabitants of Cornwall would exhibit some analogous principles in the construction of their surnames ; such, however, is not the case. The Cornish surnames are mostly local, derived from words of British root ; and they are often strik- ingly peculiar. A large number have the prefix Tre, a town ; the words Pol, a pool. Pen, a head, Ros, a heath, and Lan, a church, are also of frequent occurrence in surnames." Jenner, referring to such famous Cornish names as Trelawny, Rosevear, Carlyon, and Penrose, truthfully remarks that "to the ordinary Saxon they sound highly aristocratic, and are introduced into modern 'up-country' novels in a way that is often amusing to a Cornishman." Much of a sound character has been written about Scottish names by writers north of the Tweed, but also much that is unsound ; and there are a few terrible gentlemen who find Gaelic origins for every- thing — even the commonest and best-known purely English names. One of the best books on the subject (at any rate as to Celtic names) is the 'Personal Names and Surnames of the Town of Inverness' (1895), by the late Alexander Macbain, author of an 'Etymological Gaelic Dictionary' (1911). He points out, in regard to the Celtic names recorded in the I4th-15th centuries, that most of the patrony- mics given are not real surnames. 'Henry Fynlasone, bailie of Inverness (1475-8), is not really a Clan Finlayson man, for he is otherwise called Henry Fynlaw (Gaelic Eanraig Fhionnlaigh, Henry Finlay's, i.e., Henry of Finlay). This is still a common way in Gaelic for patronymic definition ; for instance, John, son of Thomas, may be either Iain Thomais (John Tom's) or Iain Mac-Thomais." Macbain enlarges upon the common custom in Scotland of calling a farmer or laird by the name of his farm or estate. "Thus, we speak of Netherton, Ballintomb, &c., when we mean the tenant or pro- prietor. The abuse of this style of speech and writing was carried so far that farmers often signed their letters and documents by their farm-names — a privilege which noblemen and clerics in high place alone possess. An Act was passed in the 17th century forbidding the practice. Illegal as it is, we still speak of Cluny and Lochiel, and, as they are associated with the heroic period of our Highland history, these names are, practically, part of ourselves, and must abide with us." In the 6th Report of the Registrar- General for Scotland we find the following remarks on the origin of Scottish surnames : — "Almost all the names of our Border and Highland Clans belong to the class of surnames derived from patronymics, and they are peculiarly Scottish", neither belonging to England nor to Ireland. These sur- names include all those beginning with Mac, as Macgregor, Mactaggart, etc., besides the simple ones, as Fraser, Cameron, Grant, &c The surnames derived from rank and occupation are very numerous, but are equally common to England as to Scot- land Surnames taken from the locality in which the persons vi. originally resided form a very numerous class, and they also are, to a great extent, peculiar to Scotland, seeing that there is scarcely a county, parish, town, river, or remarkable locality but has its name perpetuated in the surnames The sobriquets perpetuated as surnames are, perhaps, the most varied of all, and embrace every personal or mental quality supposed to reside in the different individ- uals to whom they were originally given." Mr. G. M. Fraser, the Aberdeen public librarian, in 'The Aber- donians and other Lowland Scots' (1914) says that in Aberdeen (as in other Lowland Scottish towns) the use of surnames began in the 12th century. "Prior to that time persons of English blood were distinguished in various ways — John the Smith, Richard the Mason, Adam son of John, David son of Alice, and so on. Or they would be distinguished by the place of origin — John de Kintor, Adam de Fyfe, William de Mearns, and so forth." In 1899 statistics were published of the comparative prevalence of the principal Scottish surnames. The leading position held by the name Smith is noteworthy. It should, however, be remembered that very frequently in Scotland Smith is a translation of the synonymous Gaelic Gow, Gowan, and Caird: — In Glasgow every 130th person is a Campbell, every 129th a Wilson, every 128th a Robertson ; 1 in every 125 is a Miller, 1 in 124 a Thomson; 1 in 121 answers to Brown, while Smith easily takes premier place with 1 in every 88. Smith is likewise first, and still more popular, in Edinburgh, the pro- portion being almost 1 in 50 ; Brown numbers 1 in 59, and Robertson 1 in 62. Then a long way off comes Stewart, 1 in 98, with Ross, Campbell, and Clark practically equal at a score of points more. In Dundee, where every 72nd man is of the great family of Smith, that name just beats Robertson, closely attended in turn by Thomson, Scott, and Stewart. Brown is quite overshadowed by even such names as Nicoll, Fleming and Low. Smith and Miln run neck and neck in Aberdeen, with Davidson close up, the figures respectively being 1 in 47, 48, and 51. In Perth, Stewart just beats Young for first place. Smith being third a long way behind. Inverness still more revolutionises Lowland statistics. Every 33rd person there is a Fraser, every 43rd a Macdonald, every 48th & Mackenzie. Smith is quite uncommon at 1 in 270. In Ayr, again. Smith has most re- sponders, with 1 in 80. Smith and Maxwell are inseparable in Dum- fries, Wilson being a good third." The great prevalence of certain leading surnames in various towns and villages in Scotland has led to the introduction of an organized system of distinctive nicknames, this especially being necessary where many persons bearing the same surname also indulge in the same Christian name. In 'Notes and Queries,' 22nd May, 1915, Sir Herbert Maxwell draws attention to an article in 'Blackwood's Magazine,' March, 1842, on the subject of these 'tee-names,' as they are sometimes called, "it seems that there were then in the little seaport of Buckie no fewer than twenty-five males rejoicing in the name of George Cowie, distinguished from each other as Carrot, Doodle, Neep, Biglugs, Beauty, Bam, Helldom', CoUop, Stoattie, Snuffers, Rochie, Toothie, Todlowrie, &c. The writer of the article' vouches for the following story being authentic: — ■ vii. Period of Origin of Scottish Surnames Compara- tive Pr;eva- lence of leading Scottish Surnames Necessity for Distinctive Nicknames in Scotland A stranger had occasion to call on a fisherman of the name of Alexander White, but he was ignorant both of his house and his tee- name Meeting a girl, he asked : — 'Could ye tell me fa'r Sanny Fite lives?' 'Filk [which] Sanny Fite?' 'Muckle Sanny Fite.' Filk muckle Sanny Fite?' 'Muckle lang Sanny Fite.' 'Filk muckle lang Sanny Fite?' 'Muckle lang gleyed [squinting] Sanny Fite.' 'O, it's Goup-the-lift [stare-at-the-sky] ye're seeking,' cried the girl; 'and fat the deevil for dinna ye speer [inquire] for the man by his richt name at ance!'" The writer of an article on Distinction-Names' in Chambers's Journal,' 11th Sept. 1897, discusses the surname-troubles of a certain small Scotch fishing-town, where the so-called streets have (or had) no names, the houses no numbers, and the cognomina are dis- tinguished by their sameness. Here a skipper may be known by the name of his boat, but more frequently by his wife's maiden-name. Surname which is the one used for postal purposes ; and this latter usage seems Troubles of to be very general. " But this would not. always be sufficient. It a Scotch frequently happens that the distinction is already in use. For ex- Fishing ample, when James Foster married Katie Logie, there wa'S already Town a James Foster (Logie) in the village, and he was forced to find another distinction. He accordingly called himself James Foster (Katie). That is, if the surname is in use, the husband assumes the Christian name of his wife. Thus we have John Thomson (Helen) and John Thomson (Isabel). It not unfrequently happens that both the surname and Christian name of his wife are in use ; then the newly-married man must find another suitable distinction. Two plans are open. He may fake both the names or retain his mother's. The former plan is clumsy, and leads to confusion. Still, either through fondness of their wives or from necessity, some adopt it, and several names run in this form, Andrew Walker (Euphemia Deas)." A list of Gaelic and Gaelicized personal names, with their English equivalents, is given in M 'Alpine's Gaelic Dictionary, ed. 1898. The surname-confusion referred to above is by no means confined to Scottish fishing towns and villages. The Southport Guardian,' 3rd December, 1913, contained a report of a supper to fishermen Surname and boatmen from the district of Marshside, in the borough of South- Confusion port. Here a few surnames (such as Wright, Ball, Sutton, and not peculiar Rimmer) have to suffice for almost the whole population. At the to Scotland: supper in question no fewer than thirty-one men of the name Wright A Lanca- were present. Of these twelve bore the Christian name John ; shire in- five, William ; four, Thomas ; four, Robert ; two, Henry ; and two, stance Richard; and, in consequence, the above-named Wrights and others are distinguished in the newspaper-report by the following nick- names in brackets after the name proper : — Toffy, Clogger, Wheel, Stem, Pluck, Diamond, Shrimp, Hutch, Cock, Sweet, Pantry, Few, Pen, Fash, Mike, Willox, Strodger, Daddy, Smiler, Nice, Jenny's, Manty, Fullsea, Music, Owd Ned, Margery, Buskin, Orchard, Sifi, and Muff. The Irish name-system is elaborate and somewhat comphcated; but it is extremely interesting. And Ireland is very fortunate in having a Registrar- General (Sir Robert E. Matheson) who has taken the deepest interest in its surnames and their origins, as is evidenced by his valuable publications (mentioned hereafter) on the subject, which have received encomiums from the highest quarters. But this Irish name-system has hitherto had only sporadic etymological treatment; and there is, for example, no work on the surnames of Ireland com- parable with the late Dr. Joyce's well-known two volumes of Irish Names of Places' (7th ed., 1898). This publication, however, con- tains two excellent, chapters on, respectively, Irish personal and family-names, and Irish nicknames. An exceedingly useful little work on Irish names and surnames is Mr. de Wulf's Sloinnte Gaedheal is Gall' (1906). It contains, besides a long and valuable historical introduction, separate alphabetical lists of Christian names and surnames with their Irish forms (in Irish characters). Donovan's papers on Irish family-names, printed in the 'Irish Penny Journal,' 184-0-1, were formerly much quoted; and there are numerous eluci- datory notes on personal names in the 'Annals of the Four Masters,' a work of extraordinary value, the full name-indexes to which have been of the greatest help to me. The early Irish, like the Anglo-Saxons, had usually only one name ; but sometimes, also as in the case of the Anglo-Saxons, a surname was added for the sake of distinction. The additional name was cus- tomarily a nickname from some personal peculiarity, or a patronymic formed by prefixing either mac, 'son', to the father's name, which was then put in the genitive case, or d, or ua, 'grandson', to the. grand- father's name, which was then similarly inflected. Some of these early personal names, like Aodh, Brian, Cian, Conchobhar, Domhnall, Donnchadh, Eochaidh, and Eoghan (in the Irish-character forms the h is represented by a dot over the preceding letter), have been in uninterrupted use from the earliest period of which there is any record down to the present day; and the majority, although long ob- solete as Christian names, are still preserved as surnames. ''Proba- bly," says de Wulf, "all the names in use in Ireland before the fifth century were of native origin ; but from that period onwards foreign names have been borrowed from time to time from the various nations with which Ireland was brought into contact, directly or indirectly, in the course of her history. A number of names of Latin, Greek, and Hebrew origin came in with Christianity. They were almost ex- clusively Biblical names and the names of the first Christian mission- aries ; but, strange to say, they were not adopted, to any considerable extent, as Christian names by our Gaelic ancestors. Even the name of the National Apostle, which is now so common, did not come into general use until a comparatively late period, and its adoption even then was due to Danish and English influence. The first Irishman of whom we have record as bearing the-name was Patrick O'Murray, Abbot of SS. Peter and Paul's Church at Armagh, who is mentioned in the Annals at the year 1255. Forms derived from these names by prefixing Maol [Shaven One, i.e. Monk] and Giolla [Servant] were, however, common in Ireland from early Christian times." Irish surnames proper came into use gradually from about the middle of the tenth century, and were formed, as shown above, by ix. Irish Surnames Early Irish Narres Name Patrick Period and Method of Introduc- tion of Irish Surnames Proper Angliciza- tion of Irish Names Nicknames Common in Ireland Some Ulster Sobriquets The Common- est Irish Surnames prefixing O', or Ua-, to the grandfather's name, or Mac- to the father's, which names may have been occupative, as well as purely personal. That the mediaeval Irish were well acquainted with the meaning of their names is sufficiently proved by the frequency with which they interchanged them with others of similar signification. Many Irish families have two surnames derived from different ances- tors ; and some have two surnames, one of which begins with O', the other with Mac-. Mac- surnames are, on the whole, of somewhat later formation than O' surnames. Most Irish names and surnames were Anglicized during the second half of the 16th century. This Anglicization seems to have been the work of Anglo- Irish Government officials who possessed, in some cases, a knowledge of Irish. 'The Anglicized form was in most in- stances originally much nearer the Irish f)ronunciation than at present, owing partly to a change in the sound of the English letters, and partly to the corruption of the Irish forms. Thus O'Brien and O'Neill were originally pronounced O'Breen and O'Nail." Nicknames are very common in Ireland. "Arriong the rural popu- lation in many parts of the country," says Joyce, "almost every third man is known by some name besides his ordinary surname and Christ- ian name. Sometimes these epithets are hereditary, and commemorate some family peculiarity or tradition ; but more often they describe a personal characteristic of the individual. Sometimes they carry re- proach, and are not used except to insult ; but very often they are quite inoffensive, and are accepted as a matter of course and with perfect good humour. I knew a village where more than half the people were familiarly known by nicknames, which were always used, the proper names being hardly ever mentioned." Some examples of these sobriquets were given in a paper on the Ulster Dialect (chiefly Donegal) which was read in 1899 before the Philological Society (London) by Mr. H. C. Hart. "Nicknames are frequent. 'Sally Look-up' had a squint. 'Paddy Polite' polished manners. 'Susey Fluke' was a fisherwoman. James CuUiagh was the son of a famous culliagh, or cockfighter. Gallagher is so common a name in Fanet that substitutes have to be found for it. One Gallagher is called 'Bowers' for the sole reason that he used to have a friend of that name with him ; this has descended to his son. Other Gallaghers, who live on a low-lying farm, are known as the 'Lowlys.' In Inishtrahull the name Gallagher is almost universal ; so they adopt three generations of Christian names, Con-Dan-Owen,' i.e.. Con, son of Dan, son of Owen." In his 'Special Report on Surnames in Ireland,' issued as a Blue Book in 1894 (when he was Assistant Registrar-General), and as a Sta- tionery Office publication in 1909, the present Registrar-General, Sir Robert Matheson, prints a table of 100 of the chief surnames (including variants) in Ireland, together with the estimated population (1890 figures) bearing each surname. The first 20, in numerical order, are: Murphy, Kelly, Sullivan, Walsh, Smith, O'Brien, Byrne, Ryan, Connor, O'Neill, Reilly, Doyle, McCarthy, Gallagher, Doherty, Kennedy, Lynch, Murray, Quinn, Moore. This list shows the ex- tent to which the prefixes Mac- and O' have been lost. As de Wulf says, "most surnames have been mutilated by dropping Mac- or O', and Mac- when retained is usually, but incorrectly, written Mc- or M'," X, Only one of the 20 Irish names given above figures in the first 20 English and Welsh commonest surnames, according to the Report for 1853 of the Registrar-General for England and Wales: that one is the ubiquitous Smith, which is first in England (as in Scotland), the remaining 19, in numerical order, being: Jones, Williams, Taylor, Davies, Brown, Thomas, Evans, Roberts, Johnson, Wilson, Robinson, Wright, Wood, Thompson, Hall, Green, Walker, Hughes, Edwards. As the Irish Registrar-General points out, it is impossible now, in some cases, to trace whether families are of Celtic or- English descent as some of the English settlers took Irish names and Irish families were compelled to adopt English surnames ; and he quotes a Statute of 1366, which provided, inter alia, that Englishmen were to use the English language and English names, discarding Irish nomen- clature entirely, "in 1465 (5 Ed. IV., cap. 3), a law was passed enacting 'that every Irishman that dwells betwixt or amongst English- men in the County of Dublin, Myeth, Vriell, and Kildare .... shall take to him an English Surname of one town, as Sutton, Chester, Trym, Slcryne, Corke, Kinsale ; or colour, as white, blacke, browne ; or arte or science, as smith or carpenter; or office, as cooke, butler . . .' " But, notwithstanding this enactment, surnames derived from native place-names are exceedingly rare in Ireland, as they are in Wales. A writer on the subject of Irish nomenclature in 'The Athenaeum,' 17th May, 1902, says: "in Irish history both processes are found — English settlers adopted Irish names and customs for safety where they were in a small minority ; Irish people adopted English trans- lations of their names by way of aspiration to polite manners and more aristrocratic society." In his 'Varieties and Synonyiiies of Surnames and Christian Names in Ireland' (1901), Sir Robert Matheson dwells upon the difficulties encountered by persons searching the Indexes at the General Regis- ter Office, Dublin, owing to the great variations in names in Ireland. "These variations are not only in spelling and form, but entirely different names are used synonymously by the same person or by members of the same family. Many of these cases are direct trans- lations of Irish names into English, or vice versa, while in others they are equivalents, modifications, or corruptions of them. In a country where two diflTerent languages are spoken it might be ex- pected some such cases would occur, but in Ireland the practice is mufch more widespread that is commonly supposed. In addition to the changes attributable to the difference of language, time has a powerful effect in altering names, which have also a tendency to assume various forms in different districts. Illiteracy also operates in corrupting names, while they are also frequently varied in spelling and form at pleasure." Manx names are a small but interesting class; and they are ade- quately dealt with in the late A. W. Moore's 'Surnames and Place-Names of the Isle of Man' (2nd ed. 1903). The Island has a threefold nomenclature, in consonance with its history: (1) Celtic (Gaelic), (2) Scandinavian, (3) EngHsh. In a paper on Manx Gaelic read before the Philological Society (London) in 1902, Mr. R. W. Heaton lamented the rapid decay of the language, as shown by the fact that whereas in 1821, out of a population of 40,000, at least half were able to spea.k their mother-tongue, at the language-census of Compared with the Common- est English and Welsh Surnames Doubt as to Irish or English Descent 14th-15th century Statutes Varieties of Irish Names Manx Names 1901 less than a tenth of the natives returned themselves as bi- linguists, in spite of a vigorous movement for a revival of Manx Gaelic as a spoken language. A leading feature of the Gaelic nomenclature of the Isle of Man is the number of names beginning with C, K, or Q — a relic of the 'son' C-, K-, and prefix Mac-. The Registrar-General for Ireland, in the 'Special Re- Q- names port' already referred to, says that on visiting the Island he was in Man ' much struck by the peculiar forms many names had assumed there, differing from those found in Ireland, though evidently derived from the same source. Thus, the name 'Clucas' is the Manx form of Lucas, both names being derived from the Celtic MacLucais — Son of Luke. Cannell,' a name peculiar to the Isle of Man, is from the Celtic MacConaill — Son of Conall. The Irish modern form is M'Connell. Kermode,' another Manx name, is contracted from the Celtic name MacDiarmaid, Son of Diarmaid — Irish modern form M'Dermott. 'Mylchreest' 'is from the Celtic Mac Giolla Chriosd — Son of the Servant of Christ. The modern Irish form is Gilchrist." Quilliam, again, is for MacWilliam. Foreign Patrony- mic End A necessarily sketchy survey of the surnames of these Islands be- ing, thus concluded, it may be well to glance briefly at one or two leading features of the name-systems of other countries, beginning with what is perhaps the leading characteristic, the patronymic suffixes. The common Danish cognate, -sen (for son or seen), of our -son termination is not confined to Denmark; it occurs in parts of- North Germany (for Low Ger. son) and Holland (for zoon, usually, however, suffixed as -zon). One famous Danish -sen name, Thorwaldsen, recalls the part which the great sculptor plays, as a ings poor little scullion, in Hans Andersen's 'Children's Prattle.' The chamberlain's proud little daughter, it will be remembered, haughtily proclaimed at the party (according to one of the standard English translations) that 'those whose names end in 'sen' are not worth knowing; they are of no account at all: one must put one's arms akimbo and make these sens' keep their distance." And the boy menial, peeping at the party from behind the door, is depressed : "his father's name, and therefore his own name too, ended in 'sen'; so that he was of no account; he could never come to any good." The Danish Jansen (see the writer's 'Glossary of the Principal Foreign Names found in British Directories' for this and other' names) is in Holland proper Janzon or Jantzon. The family of the German scholar Mommsen came from the former Danish province of Schleswig. The Danish Nielsen has been wrongly equated by some Continental writers with the Dutch Cornelissen. The (High) German -sohn (as in Mendelssohn, Davidsohn, etc.) is, however, mod- ern, and generally an affix to Jewish names. A curious exception to the Teutonic -son patronymics occurs in Frisian, in which -ma, cognate with Anglo-Saxon mdga, 'son,' is used. There has been much discussion as to the origin of the Spanish name-genitive in -ez (as in Mendez, Fernandez, etc.). Prince Lucien Bonaparte decided that it was Basque ; a German writer on nomen- clature affirmed that it represented the Latin -ictus ; Diez maintained that it was Gothic. I do not think there is any doubt that it is the Old Teutonic genitive suffix -es (Gothic„-is). Other interesting Continental equivalents include the Roumanian -escu,-esco ; the Hungarian -fi, -f)fy {fiii, 'boy,' 'son') ; the Slavonic -vich, -evich, -ich {-vitch, -evitch, -itch), -eff, -ev ; the Armenian -tan ; the Gr. -ides (-iSrjs) and the later ■{o)poulo(s (Mod. Gr. »oO\os=Anc. Gr. ttCXos, 'young man,' 'son'); etc. The Polish termination -ski, it may parenthetically be mentioned, is an adjectival suffix to surnames derived from place-names : thus Poznanski=German Posener. The mention above of German-Jewish names reminds us of the extraordinary nomenclature which was compulsorily inflicted on the Semites in Austria and Germany (also to some extent in France) in the later years of the 18th and the early years of the 19th century. This bizarre nomenclature is a never-failing source of astonishment and amusement to those Britons who have learned German and attempt to translate the names. It is true that the persistence with which the Jews stuck to their single Hebrew names had, with the increase of population, become a nuisance to the States mentioned ; but the casual inethod adopted in surnaming the Jewish population — viz., in Austria (1787) by means of small committees presided over by a stallmeister (riding-master), which worked in a great hurry in order to get the troublesome business over, has always been a sore point with a large number of the jiominees, particularly those who were sent away from the committees with comical, and in some cases outrageous, sur- names. Thus Kleinpaul in his 'Deutsche Personennamen' (1909) tells (p. 11 8^ a story of two Jews coming out of the Police-Office and discuss- ing the respective family-names which had just been given to them : One of them had wisely released a little cash privately over the transaction, and had received a correspondingly respectable name — Weisheit (Wisdom). The other had to be more or less content with Schweisshund (Bloodhound). "Why Schweisshund? " said the first ; "hast thou not paid enough?" "Gott und die Welt!" returned the second Israelite, "I gave half my fortune to have the one letter w put in" — which -meant, euphoniously speaking, that an attempt had been made, in the first place, to impose on the unfortunate individual a German equivalent of 'Dirty-dog.' Other quaint German-Jewish names dating from this period of compulsion are Eselshaupt (Ass's- head), Rindskopf (Ox-head), Kohlkopf (Cabbage-head, i.e.. Block- head), Kanarienvogel (Canary-bird), Zentnerschwer (Hundred- weight-heavy), Himmelblau (Sky-blue), Susskind (Sweet - child : needless to say ironical), Kirschrot (Cherry-red), Temperaturwechsel (Change-of-temperature), Kanalgeruch (Canal - smell), Kiissemich (Kiss -me), Muttermilch (Mother's-milk), Mandelbliith (Almond- blossom) ; while, in some cases, nonsensical names were bestowed through misunderstandings, as, for example, when a Jew named Ephraim went to the Police-Office at Frankfort-on-Main : "Wie heissen Sie?'' (What's your name?) demanded the official (meaning his existing Jewish name). "I weiss net, rothen Sie's" (I don't know ; help me out with it) unluckily replied the son of Shem in his Jewish-German dialect, which, in the hurify, was not properly grasped by the committee. "Very well, you are named Ephraim Rothensies' ' was the verdict. Of course many of the Jews received unobjection- able names like Hirsch (Hart), Lowe (Lion), Wolf, Silber (Silver), Rubinstein (Ruby-stone), Bernstein (Amber), Goldstern (Gold-star), etc. : it was only when the changes had been rung indefinitely on Compul- sory German - Jewish Surnames Comical, occasion- ally Out- rageous, Names y Given The Roman Name- System Latinized English Surnames Indian Nomen- clature these and similar names that the officials were more or less driven to bestowing fanciful and ridiculous family- names; although, in extreme cases, there is little doubt that personal prejudice played a great part in the decisions of the committees. Of all the ancients the Romans had by far the most elaborately de- veloped name-system. Theupperclassesusuallyhad three names: first, the praenomen, corresponding to our Christian name ; second, the nomen proper, sometimes called the nomen gentilicium, i.e., the family- name : third, the cognomen, or agnomen, i.e., the surname ; although where there were four names the last was the agnomen. Thus in the name Caius Julius Caesar, Caius was the praenomen, Julius the nomen proper, or gentile or family name, Caesar the cognomen. In the case of Publius Cornelius Scipio Africanus, the last name was the agnomen ; but cognomen was sometimes used for agnomen, as in "Scipio, cognomine Africanus." The Romans freely used what we call nicknames (properly ekenames). Thus Quintus Fabius Maximus had no fewer than three at different periods of his life : . firstly, Verrucosus (Lat. verruca, a wart), from a wart on his lip ; secondly, Agnicula (Lat. agnus, a lamb), from his gentleness; thirdly, Cunctator (Delayer), from his guerilla tactics against Hannibal. But the Latins had no single word for our nickname as expressing con- tempt : their equivalent for this was nomen contumeliosum or ignominiosum ; therefore the historians commonly say that Fabius was "surnamed" (cognominatus) Verrucosus, or Cunctator. Cog- nomentum was sometimes used for cognomen. As we all know, English names were often Latinized in our mediaeval records. Lists of these have been collected and printed at various times — e.g. in Nicolas's 'Notitia Historica' (1824), in Lower's 'Essays on English Surnames' (4th ed. 1875), and in the various editions of Wright's 'Court-Hand Restored.' Many Latinizations will be found in my Dictionary under the corresponding surnames. Occasionally these Latinizations are useful from an etymological point of view ; at other times they are misleading. To go further afield something should be said about the personal nomenclature of our great Indian Dependency. From time to time experts in this subject have made interesting contributions to that very useful repository, 'Notes and Queries,' from which I beg leave to quote, "it may be taken as a general rule", says one of several correspondents writing in the issue of 27th March, 1909, "that among themselves no genuine native of India, whether Mohammedan, Hindu, Sikh, or Christian, has a surname in the European sense. When any such native travels to Europe, Europe insists, for its own conveni- ence, that he should have a surname like other people. The Indian native cannot but submit, as he submits to other strange customs of dress, food, &c. ; but he submits with amusement. The Brahmin Ramaswami Iyengar and the Sudra Ranga Pillai become to the British tradesmen and others R. Iyengar, Esq., and R. Pillai, Esq., the British not knowing that Iyengar and Pillai are mere caste and social honorifics Names of genuine Indians are purely personal. Only official designations are hereditary." But, writes another cor- respondent, "the Parsees have heritable surnames exactly as we have : Mundvawala, Kolhapurewala, Petit, Bharucha, Billimoria, Ready- money, &c." xiv. "The Muslimin", said the late W. F. Prideaux, "have no patron- ymics [this applies also to the Muslim Turks], but are occasionally designated after the names of their birthplace or tribe, e.g., Saiyid Husain Bilgrami, a member of the Indian Council, called after the town of Belgaum, or Ahmed Durrani, after the Afghan tribe. Mah- rattas, in addition to surnames in -kar, have often hereditary names derived from occupations, as Gaekwar, a cow-tender." The late Jas. Piatt, Jr., had an interesting note in the issue of 'N. and Q.' of 15th June, 1907, on the word 'Ramsammy.' "it is curious,' ' he remarks, "that this word should have acquired the sense of a drunken spree. It is very well known as a slang-term applied by Europeans to Hindus, much as we call a Scotchman Sandy or Saw- ney. It is derived from the common Hindu personal name Ram- sammy, more correctly Ramaswamy, 'devotee of the god Rama.' There are other names of the same termination, such as Krishna- swamy, 'devotee of the god Krishna.' Indian Mohammedans do not use these names, but have a similar class formed with the prefix 'Ghulam.' Among my correspondents I count a Ghulam Rasull ('servant of the Prophet' ) and a Ghulam Mohi-ud-din ('servant of the saint Mohi-ud-din')." It is not a far cry from India to China. The following information as to Chinese names is extracted from "Chinese Characteristics" (1897, p. 56), by Arthur H. Smith : — " It certainly appears singular that an eminently practical people like the Chinese should be so inexact in regard to their own personal names as observation indicates them to be. It is very common to find these names written now with one character and again with another, and either, we are informed, will answer. But this is not so confusing as the fact that the same man often has several different names, his family-name, his 'style,' and, strange to say, a wholly different one, used only on registering for admission to literary examinations. It is for this reason not un- common for a foreigner to mistake one Chinese for two or three. The names of Villages are not less uncertain, sometimes appearing in two or even three entirely different forms, and none of them is admitted to be more 'right' than another. If one should be an acknowledged corruption of- another, they may be employed inter- changeably ; or the correct name may be used^in official papers and the other in ordinary speech ; or yet again, the corruption may be used as an adjective, forming with the original appellation a compound title." Two examples of curious nomenclatural customs among savages may serve to close this essay. In Madagascar, according to 'The Church Abroad,' Jan. 1915, a Malagasy child "is not called after his father but the father calls himself after his child, changing his name ; for instance, a man who has a son called Rakato will take the name Rainikoto, 'the father of Rakato' — the father was known formerly as Rabe." The Murray Islanders, it appears from the 'Reports of the Cambridge Anthropological Expedition to Torres Straits' (vol. vi. 1908), have a "multiplicity of names belonging to each individual, one of these names being particularly private, special to the man himself, and mentioned with great reluctance." Hy. Harrison. Chinese Names Curious Nomencla- tural Customs among Savages ^v. THE INDEXING OF SURNAMES The Committee on the Indexing of Archceological Transactions appointed by the Congress of Archceological Societies published in 1899 the following recommendations: — That surnames with the Norman prefix 'de,' e.g., 'd'Amori,' 'da Bohun,' 'd'Eyncourt,' 'de Lisle,' 'de la Tour' (which have often become anglicized by coalescing, as 'Deincourt,' 'Darell,' 'Dela- motte,' &c.), be indexed under D, with cross-references to the eventual surname, under which the references will be given, as 'de Braose, see Braose;' 'de Vere, see Vere.' That surnames with the [English] prefix 'atte,' e.g., 'atte Field,' 'atte Tree,' 'atte Teye,' &c;, be indexed under those forms, but that a cross-reference be appended in each case to the form without the prefix, as 'atte Green, see also Green,' and Green, see also atte Green.' This rule will apply also in case of such prefixes as 'o' the,' 'in the,' &c. That surnames with the [Norman] prefix 'Fitz,' e.g., 'Fitz Hugh,' 'Fitzalan,' and [Latin] 'Fil. Johannis,' be indexed only under 'Fitz,' except that such a case as 'John Fitz Richard of Loughton' be in- dexed under 'Fitz Richard' and 'Loughton.' It should be clearly understood that this is only a convention for index purposes, and does not determine the actual form of the surname. Names prefixed by [Welsh] 'Ap,' [Gaelic and Irish] 'Mac,' [Irish] 'O',' [Dutch] 'Van,' or [German] 'Von' should be indexed under those prefixes. That surnames like 'Le Strange,' 'I'Estrange,' 'le Tyler,' Ac, be indexed under L, with cross-references to the true surname, under which the references will be given, as 'le Tyler, see Tyler'. That the names of sovereigns be indexed under the personal name, with the numerical title when it occurs, followed by (emperor), (king), &c., e.g. 'Henry VIII. (king),' 'Elizabeth (queen),' 'Maud (empress).' That names of bishops be indexed under their sees, abbots, &c., under their abbeys, princes and peers under their titles, and so forth, with cross-references from their proper names; and saints xmder their personal names, e.g., 'Agatha (Saint)' ; but surnames and place- names derived from saints should be indexed under the full name, as "St. Ives,' 'St. Pancras,' A DICTIONARY OF SURNAMES OF THE UNITED KINGDOM M MAAS, V. the Appendix of Foreign Names. MAB(B (A.-Fr.-Lat.) a dim. olMaiel or Amabel, „ Lat. Amabilis = Amiable, Lovable [Lat. amabil-is] (Celt.) occ. the Wei. mab = Son. "I = Mabb I (q.v.) + the Fr. \ dim. ^uff. -et, -ot. r -x \ for Mabley, q.v. MABBETT MABBITT MABBOTT J MABBS, Mabb's (Son) : v. Mabb- MABERLEY MABERLY MABEY 1 = Mab (q.v.) + the E. dim. suff. -y, MABIE \ -ie. MABLEY, for the earlier il/a6i7!>, Mabely {La.t. amabil-is, amiable, with E. dim. suff.-ji,-;*.] MABON (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Fr, dim. suff. -on. (Celt.) Youth; Hero Mabon ab Modron. — : 'Kulhwchac Olwen' MABSON = Mab's Son : v. Mab Mab(b I (q.v.) + the [Wei. mabon] : Mabinogion. MAC- (Celt.) Son (of) [Ir. and Gael.] MAC ADAM (Celt, and Heb.) Son of Adam : V. Adann. MACAIRE (A.-Fr.-Gr.) Blessep, Prosperous [Gr. Maxdpiotl MACALASTER \ MACALESTER (Celt. + Gr.) Son of MAC ALISTER ■ Alister or Alaster = MAC ALLESTER Alexander, q.v. [Gael. MAC ALLISTER I ,., Alasdair] MAC ALAVEY 1 „ ., , MAC ALEAVEY r- '^^"'-^^^y MAC ALL for MaoCall, q.v. MAC ALLAN (Celt.) Son of Allan, q.v. MACJALLEN (Celt.) Son of Allen, q.v. MACALLUM (Celt,) for MaoCallum, q.v. MAC ALPIN \ (Celt.) SoN of Alpin: v.Alpin MAC ALPINE J MACAN \r „ ^ MACANN/^""^ MaoCann, q.v. MAC ANDREW (Celt.-Gr.) Son of Andrew V. Andrew. MAC ARD (Celt.) = Mao Art, q'.v. MAC ARDLE (Celt.) Son of Ardghal = Mighty or Noble Valour [Ir. and Gael. ard, noble, etc. + the asp. form of gal, valour, battle] MAC ART (Celt.) Son of Art = Stone, or Noble, Exalted. i See Arthur 2- MAC ARTHUR (Celt.) Son of Arthur : v. Arthur 2- MAC ATEER, a form of Mao Intyre, q.v. MAC AULAY -. (Celt.+Scand.)'SGNOFOLAF= MAC AULEY [Ancestral Relic [Gael. Mac MAC AWLEY > Amhlaidh or Amhlaoibh — mac, son ; O.N. Olaf — di, great grandfather + lei/, relic] (Celt.) Son of Aulay or AOley [Gael. and Ir. Mac Amhalghadha] Mac Auliffe Mac Connell MAC AULIFFE (Celt-Scand.) v. Mac Au'lay. MAC CARTIN, v. Mao Garten. MAC AVOY (Celt.) i Son of Aedh the Yel- low-Haired [Ir. and Gael. Mac Aedha Bhuidhe-.v. Mackay; buidke, yeWow] 2 Son of the Servant of theYellow- H AIRED [Ir. and Gael. Mac Gille Bhttidhe] MAC BAIN (Celt.) i Son of Bain, q.v. 2 for Mac Bean, q.v. MAC BEAN (Celt.) Son of Beatha = Life [Gael, mac, son + beathan (th mute), genit. of beatha, life] MAC BEATH 1 (Celt.) Son of Life [Gael, mac, MAC BETH J son of ; beatha, life] MAC BRIDE l(Celt.) Son of Brigit : v. MAC BRYDE f Bridget. MAC BRIEN (Celt.) Son of Br-ien, q.v. MAC CABE ('Celt.-Lat.-Gr.-Syr.) Son of the Abbot [Ir. and Gael. Mac Aba — mac, son -I- aba{dh, geiiit. of ab, abbot] Cp. Mc Nab. MA8cAFFRf}(C«")S0NOFCafl'er.y,q.v. MAC CAIG (Celt.) v. Mac Kaig. ' MAC CALL (Celt.) Son of Cathal = War, Warrior [Gael. Mac Cathail — mac, son -I- cathail, genit. of cathal, warrior : cath, war] MAC CALLAN for Mac Allan, q.v. MAC CALLUiyi (Celt.) Son of Malcolm, q.v. MAC CAN N (Celt.) i Son of Cana = the Whelp - [Ir. Mac Cana] 2 Son' of CATHAN = WARRiOR[Ir. Mac Cathain — cath (th = h), war, warrior -t- the genit. of the dim., suff. -dn\ MAC CARDLE tor Mac Ardle, q.v. MAC CARDY for Mac Hardy, q.v. MAC CARRICK (Celt.) Son of Carrick or Carrach = Rough-Faced [Ir. and Gael. carrach] MAC CARROLL (Celt.) Son of Carroll, q.v. MAC CARTE for Mac Art, q.v. MAC CARTEN for Mac Artan (Celt.) = Mao Art (q.v.) -I- the dim. suff. -an. MAC CARTHY (Celt.) Son of Carthach [Ir^ Mac Carthaigh (genit. of Carthach) — car, a friend, or carr, a cart, also a spear, + the s\i«. -t{h)achl MACCARTNEY (Celt.) ? Son of Cart(h)- ; annach = the Kind [Ir. carthannach,' charitable, kind] MAC CARTY = Mao Carthy, q.v. MAC CASKIE (Celt.) Son of Gaisgeach = the Hero or Champion [Gael. Mac GhaisgicK\ MAC CAUL = Mac Call, q.v. MAC CAULEY If , ' MAC CAWLEY J ^°^ ""^° AUiey, q.v. MAC CAY (Celt.) = Mackay, q.v. MAC CLANCY T (Celt.) Son of the Red- MAC CLANCHY J Complexioned [Ir. Mae Fhlannchaidh {fU mute)— flatin-ach, red -t- the pers. suff.] MAC CLAY (Celt.) Son of Lay, q.v. ; or = Mac Leay, q.v. MAC CLEAN for Mac Lean, q.v. MAC CLEARY (Celt.) i Son OF the Clerk or Clergyman [Gael. Mac CUreich] 2 Son of Leary, q.v. MAC CLELLAN 1 (Celt.) for Mac Leilan, , MAC CLELLAND Jq.v. MAC CLEMENT (Celt. + Lat.) Son of Clement, q.v. MAC CLEMENTS = Mac Clement (q.v.) -t- the Eng. genit. -s suff. MAC CLORY, app. for Mac Lowry, Son of Lowry, q.v. MAC CLOUD for Mac Leod, q.v. MAC CLURE for Mac Lure, q.v. MAC CLYMONT, for Mac Lamont, Son of Lamont or Lamond : v. Lamond. MAcgoLLJf-MaoCa„,q.v. , r§SS:;iLl(C^'-^5H«^e.equivof MACCOMBIE Tom's Son : v. Thomas MACCONCHIE MACCONECHY MAC CONKEY MAC CON(N)ACHIE MAC CON(N)OCHIE } (Celt.) Son of Don- chadh or Duncan : v. Duncan [Gael. Mac Dhonnchaidh {dh mute] MAC CONNAL 1 ic^u\ cir^vV.^,- MAC CON N ELL } C-^"") ^°" °^ Connell, q.v Mac Conway Mac Fadyen MAC CONWAY (Celt.) Son of Conway, q.v. MAC CORMAC 1 (Celt.) Son ofCormac(k: MAC CORMACK U. Cormac(k MAC CORMICK J MAC CORQUODALE(Celt.+Scand.) for Mac Thorketill, goN OF Thorketill=Thor's Kettle (Sacrificial Cauldron of Thor) [Gael, mac, son ; O.N. Thdrr + Milf\ MAC COURT (Celt.) Son of Art: v. Arthur. MAC COWAN for Mac Owan, q.v. MAC COY 1 (Celt.) Son of the Yellow- MAC COYD j Haired [Ir. and Gael. Mac Bhuidhe — buidhe, yellow] MAC CRACKEN (Celt.) app. for Mac Carra- chan = Son of Carrachan. Carrachan is a dim. of Carrach, 'rough- faced' [M'Alpine (Gael. Diet.) deS^nes carrachan as 'a little, old-fashioned fellow'] MAC CRAE V. Mao Rae. MAC CRAITH 1 for Mac Kaith (Celt.) Son MAC CREATH } OF Rath = Grace or Luck MAC CREITH ) MAC CREA (Celt, or Celt.-Teut.)SpN OF Rea, q.v. Also for Mac Crae = MacRae, q.v. MAC CREADIE) (Celt. + Teut.) Son of MAC CREADY J Reddie, adim.of Redmond, q.v. MAC CREARY^ MAC CREERY [for Mac Crory or Mao Rory, MAC CRIRIE ^q.v. MAC CREAVAY'i MAC CREAVEY MAC CREAVY MAC CREEVEY MAC CRORY for Mac Rory, q.v. MAC CUBBIN (Celt.-|-Teut.)SoN ofCubbin, a Manx mutation of Gibbon, q.v. MAC CUE for Mac Hugh, q.v. MAC CULLAGH ) (Celf.) Son of Culloch : MAC CULLOCH f v. Culloch. maccullough' MacBaln (Names of Imlerness, p. 38) ._, says that ' Mac Culloch is possibly iWoc Lulach — Little Calf.' MAC CULLEN (Celt.) Son of Cullen, q.v. MAC CULLUM for Mao Galium, q.v. (Celt.) Son of Reavy, q.v. MAC CURDY for Mac Hardy, q.v. MAC CURRAN (Celt.) SoN OF Curran, q.v. MAC CURRICK (Celt.) for Mac Carriok, q.v. MAC CUTCHEON (Celt, or Celt.-Teut.) Son OF Huch(e)on, a dim. form of Hugh, q.v. MAC DAVID (Celt. -^ Heb.) Son of David : v. David !;;i^§s^^!^T}f-^-°-id,q.v. MAC DERMOTT, prop. Mao Diarmid, q.v. MAC DIARMID (Celt.) Son OF Diarmald,q.v. [Ir. Mac Diarmada] MAC DONA 1 (Celt.) Son of Donagh or MAC DONAGH / Donnchadh : v. Donaghie. MAC DONALD 1 (Celt.) Son of Donall : v. MAC DON N ell] DonaKd MAC DONOUGH = Mac Donagh, q.v. MAC DOUGAL "1 Son of Dougal(l : v. MACDOUGALL; Dougal(l [Ir. and GaeL Mac Dubhghaill] MAcg§wEl:l:}«°^°^^°— -°°-" MAC DUFF (Celt.) Son of Dubh : v. Duff MAC EACHAN \ (Celt.) Son of Eachan : MAC EACH EN jv. Eachan. MAC EACHARN \ (Celt.) Son of Eacht(h)-' MAC EACHERN JiGHEARN = Horseman, Horse-Lord [Gael, each, horse -f- tigh- eartt, lord] MAC ELROY for Mac Gilroy (Celt.) Son of Gilroy, q.v. MAC ENTAGART •, (Ceft.) SoN of the MAC ENTEGART \ PRIEST [Gael. Mac-an-t- MAC ENTEGGART' shagairt} , The Gael, word for ' priest' (nom. case) is sagart; for the rule as to eclipsis see the note under Mac Intyre. MAC ENTIRE 1 ,, , 4. MAC ENTYRE j = ^^'^ '"^y^- 'I-^' MAC EVOY = Mac Avoy, q.v. MAC EWAN 1 c„„ „„ c ^ MAC EWEN J Ewan, Ewen, q v. MAC FADDEN 1 (Celt.-Lat.) Son of Little ' MAC FADYEN J Paddy or Patrick [Ir. Mac Phaidi.:i\ See Patrick. Mac Pall Mac Qreary MAC FALL -(Celt.-Lat.) Son of Paul [Gael. Mac Phail: v. Paul] MAC FARLAN ] (Celt. + Heb.) Son of mAc FARLAND I Parlan or Partholan = MAC FARLAN E f Bartholomew, q,v. [Gael. MAC FARLIN I Mac Pharlain, genit. of , Parian] MAC FEE \ (Celt.) Son of Dubh-shith {sh MAC FIE land th = A) = Dark of Peace {mac, son + duhh, dark + shith, genit, of sith, peace] MAC FERSON = Mao Pherson, q.v. MAC GAIN (Celt. + Heb.) Son of John [Gael. Mac Edin, genit. of Iain : v. John. (Gelt.) Son of Kane, q.v. MAC GAIR (Celt.) Son of the Short [Ir. and Gael. Mac Girr, Mac Ghearr— gearr, short] MAC GANN for Mac Cann, q.v. MAC GARRICK for Mac Capriok, q.v. MAC GARRY (Celt.) Son of Garry (q.v.) or GadhaR: v. O'Gara. MAC GAULEY for Mao Auley, q.v. MAC GAURAN (Celt.) Son of Samhradhan = Summer [Ir. Mac Samhradhain (s aspi- rated), genit. of Samhradhdn = samhradk, summer + the dim. Suff. -dn] MAC GAVIN (Celt.) Son of Gavin, q.v. MAC G EACH IN for Mac Eachan, q.v. for Mac Geoch or Mac MAC GINITY 1 (Celt.) Son or Finnachta [Ir. , MAC GINTY jMdc Fhinndichta {fh mute) = the Fair [Ir. fi{o)nn + the,double sufiH or the Old [It. fi{o)nnach + the adj. suff. M MAC GIN LEY (Celt.) i an aspirated form of Mac Finley : v. Finlay. 2 for Mac Kinley, q.v, MAC GINN (Celt.) Son of FiNN=the White or Pale [Ir. Mac Fhinn {fh njute] MAC GIVEN, ? for Mao Gavin, q.v. ' MAC GLADE, app. for Mac Leod, q.v. MAC GLASHAN (Celt.) Son of Glassan : v. Glashan. MAC GLENNON for Mac Lennan,;q.v. MAC GLINCHEY for Mac Linchey (Celt.) = Son of Lynch, q.v. MACGEAGH i Keogh. q.v. MAC GEE MAC GhfEE MAC GHIE MACGENNIS MAC GINNES MAC GINNESS MACGINNIS Magee, q.v. (Celt.) Son of Angus, q.v. [Ir. Mac Aenghusa, genit. of Aengus] MAC GEOCH i= Mac Keogh, q.v. MAC GIBBON (Celt.+Teut.)|SoNOF Gibbon, q.v. MAC GILCHRIST (Celt.) Son OF Gilchrist, q.v. MAC GILL (Celt.) SoN OF GiLLE = the Ser- . VAi mac, son + giolla,' servant, discijile + the genit. of Iain] MAC GLORY, v. Mac Clory. MAC GLYNN = Macklin, q.v. MAC GOFF (Celt.) Son of Goff, q.v. MAC GOLDRICK (Celt.-(-Teut.)SoN OF Gold- rick, q.v. ' MAC GORMAN \ (Celt.) Son of Gorman, MAC GORMAN D J q.v. MAC GORRIN, for Mac Orain (Celt.) Son of Oran, q.v. MAC GOUGH (Celt.) Son orGough or Goff, q.v. MAC GOVAN \ MACGOWAnI (Celt.) SoN OF THE Smith MAC GOWEhl I [Ir. and Gael. Mac Gobkanl MAC GOWN •' Cp. Gow. MAC GOVERN = Mac Gauran, q.v. MAC GRADY (Celt.) Son of Grady, q.v. MACGRANDLE, for Mac Randle (Celt. + Teut.) Son of Randle, q.v. MAC GRATH, for Mac Craith, q.v. MAC GREARY, v. Mac Creary. Mac Qreavey Mackay MAC GREAVEY\ MAC GREAVY v. Mac Creavey, &c. MACGREEVEY MACGREEVY MAC GREGOR (Celt. +Gr.) Son of Gregor : V. Gregop. MAC GRORY for Mao Rory, q.v. MAC GUFFIE for Mac Coffey, SoNOFCoffey, q.v. MAC GUFFIN (Celt.) ? Son of GeibhionN = the Captive [Ir. ^ejMtowB, captivity, bondT age] MACGUIN(N)ESS, v. Mac Ginness, Mac Gennis. MAC GUIRE (Celt.) Son of the PAle-Cqm- PLEXiONED [Ir. Mac Uidhir — mac, son + uidhir, genit. of odhar, pale, sallovv] Cp. Hoare 2. MAC GUIRKI (Celt.) Son of Corc = Knife MAC GURK J [Ir. Mac Cuirc - cuirc, genit. of corc, a knife] MAC HALE I for Mac Cahill (Celt.) Son of Cathal: v. Cahill. 2 the Irish Mac HHl,'Sa.\A (as, to the main name) to be of Anglo-Norman origin. Dr. Mac Hale, Archbishop of Tuam, always spelt his name Machdil (Joyce). MAC HARDY (Celt.+Teut.) Son of Hardy: V. Hardy. (Celt.) for Mac Caradoc, Son of Caradoc: V. Cradock. MACHELL (Fr.-Lat.) i Butcher [O.Fr. mac(h)el : cp. Lat. macellarius, a meat- purveyor] 2 also said to be a corr. of or used for Malchien, Naughty Dog [Lat. mal-us 4- canis\ MACHENn MACHIN [ (Fr.-Heb.) French douhile dims, of MACHON I Matthew, q.v. MAC HENDRY (Gelt. -|-Teut.) Son OF Hendry = Henry, q.v. MAC HUGH (Celt.-f Teut. or Celt.) Son of Hugh :'v. Hugh The name Mac Hugh is often the Anglicized form of the Ir. Mac Aedha, Son of Aedh or Aodh {(Jh mute) = Ardour. Cp. Magee. ^ MAC HUTCHON (Celt.-1-Teut. or Celt.) Son 'of Hutchon, a diril. of Hugh, q.v. MAC ILRAITH ■) (Celt.) Sonofthe Grey or MAC ILRATH > Brindled Serlvant - man , MAC ILWRAITH ' [Gael. Mac Gille-riabhaich — mac, son of + gille, m., servant -f- riabhaich, genit. of riabhach, grey, brindled] MAC INDOE (Celt.) SoN OF JOHN THE Black [Gael. Mac lan-duibh-mac, son of -(- Ian, John + duibh, genit. of dubh, black] MAC INNES (Celt.) an asp. form of Mac Angus, Son of Angus, q.v. MAC IN ROY (Celt.) Son of John the Red [Gael. Mac fan-ruaidh ^ mac, son of -f- lan, John -|- ruaidh, genit. of ruadh, red] MACINTIRE \ (CeltO Son of the Carpen- MACINTYREJter [Gael, and Ir. Mac-an-t- shaoirl The Gael. , and Ir. wrord for Carpenter (nom. case) is saor or saer', s does not appear in Macintyre because, according to Gael, phonetics, when a noun beginning with s is preceded by the article the s is eclipsed when the noUn is nominative fern., genitive masc, or (generally) dative masc, and fem. Each eclipsable consonant has its own eclipsing letter; that of s is /. Cp, Mactaggart = The Priest's Son. MACINTOSH CCelt.) Son of the Chief or Prince [Gael. Mac-an-tdisiche} MAC IVERUCelt.-|-Teut.) Son of Iver : v. MAC IVOR/ Iver. MAC IVERS(A.-Celt.-Teut.) Mac Iver's (Son) v. Mac Iver. MACK (Celt.) An abbreviation of one or other of the numerous Mac- names. MAC KAGUE 1 for Mac Thaidhg (Manx-Celt.), MACKAIG j Son of Tadhg = the Poet or Philosopher. Cp. Keig. MACKAIN \ (Celt.) Son of Kain or Kane MAC KANE J [Ir. Mac Cathain :v. O'KaIn] MACKAREL-i (A.-Fr.-]>at.) a nickname from MACKEREL f the Mackerel [M.E. makarel, MACKRELL maJereK, O.Fr. makerel (Fv. maquereau), from the prim, form, maca, of Lat. macula, a spoti] Richard Makarel. — Hund. Rolls. MACKARNESS (? Scand.) An obscure name, prob. local [O.N. ties, a promontory]. Bardsleynotedthe occurrence of 'WiUiam de Maukurneys' in the Hund. Rolls (Lines), and- the same spelling is found in a York- shire roll of 1 324-5. Guppy (' Tfie! Homes of Family-Names,' p-agg) found that the ' name in theform Mackaness was peculiarly a Northamptonshire surname. MACKAY (Celt.) Son of Aedh or Aodh =Art dour [Qael. and Ir. Mac Aedha or Aodha(dh mute) — mac. son + aedh, aodh (genit. aedha, aodha), fire, ardour : cp. Wei. didd, ardour] Mac Kean Mac Lay Aedh in its original application was probably used in the sense of a fiery wairrior. The name has been in use in , ' Ireland from the most remote antiquity, ; , arid it was used among the Gauls (^edM«) in the time of Julius Caesar.— Joyce, Irish Names, ii. 150. MAC KEAN ^(Celt.) Son of Keen(e, q.v. MAC KEANDhAlso = Maoklan, q.v. MAC KEEN > MAC KEATING (Celt.) Son of Keating, q.v. MAC KEE = MacKay, q.v. MAC KEEVER, for Mao Iver, q.v. MAC KELLAR (Celt. +Lat.) Son OF the Cellarer [Gael, wac, son + a borrowing from Lat. cellarius, cellarer; Lat. cella, storehouse] MAC KELVEY \ (Celt.) ? Son of'the Ser-' MAC KELVIE '^ vant of the DARK(Man) [I r. and Gael. Mac Giolla Dhubhthaich — mac, son + giolla, gille, servant : v. Duffy] MAC KENDRICK, for Mac Hendrick (Celt. + Teut.) Son of Hendrick, q.v. MAC KENNA (Celt.) Son of Kenna, q.v. I (Celt.) Son op Kenny, q.v. MAC KENNEY MAC KENNY MAC KENZIE[(Gael.) Son of Coinnech = Handsome. MAC KEOGH (Celt.) Son of Eochaidh = Horseman [Ir. Mac Eochadha — mac, son . + eochaidh (genit. eochadha), horseman ; ech (Gael. eacA) a horse] MAC KEON \ (Celt.) Son of Eoghan or MAC KEOWN I Owen : v. Owen" [Ir. Mac Eoghain] MAC KERNAN (Celt.) Son of Kernan, q.v. MAC KERROW (Celt.) Son of Kerrow, q.v. MAC KEVITT (Celt.+Heb.) Son of David, q.v. [Ir. and Gael. Mac Dltevitt (dh mute] MAC KEW for Mao Hugfi, q.v. MAC KIAN (Celt.+Heb.)SoN OFlAiN = John, q.v. [Ir. and Gael. Mac Edin, genit. of Iain\ MAC KIBBIN for Mac Gibbon (Celt. + Teut), Son of Gibbon: v. Gibbon. MAC KILLOP (Celt.+Gr.) Son of Philip, q.v. MAC KIM 1 (Celt. + Heb.) Son of Sim, MAC KIM M J q.v. [Gael. Mac Shim, nom. Sim {sh = A] MAC KIN for Mac Kian, q.v. MAC KlNLAY\ (Celt.) Son of Cinfaoladh MAC KINLEY J ,= Learned or Skilful Leader [Ir. Mac Cinfhaolaidh {fh mute) — mac, son + genit. of cinfaoladh — cinn, head, leafier + faoladh, learned, etc.] MACKINNA = Mac Kenna, q.v. MAC KINNEY = Mac Kenny, q.v.' MAC KINNON (Celt.) Son of Fingon= Fair- Birth [Gael, mac, son + the asp. form of fi{o)nn, fair + a der. of gin, to beget] MAC KINTOSH = Macintosh, q.v. MAC KIRDY for Mac Hardy, q.v. MACKLE for, Mickle, q.v. MAG(K)LEHOSE, app. for Micklehose (Teut.) Big Hose (a nickname) [O.E. micel = O.N. mikill + O.E. O.N. hosa\ MACKLIN (Celt.) an asp. form {Mac Fhlainn —fh mute) of Mac FlainHi Son of Flann : V. O'Flinn. MAC KNIGHT (Celt.) = Mac Naught, q.v. (A.-Celt.) Son of the Knight : v. Knight. MAC KOWEN for Mao Owen, q.v. MACKRELL, v. Mackarel. M^gt^tiNE}^-^-^-"-'!- MAC KYE =. Maokay, q.v. MAC LACHLAN SoNOF Laohlan, q.v. MAC LAG^N (Celt.) app. Son of the Servant OF Aodhagan or Aedijagan = Ardour [Gael. Mac Gille Aodhagain : v. Egan, and ' cp. Maokay] MAC LAINE = Mac Lean, q.v. MAC LAREN (Celt.+Lat.) Son OF Lawrence, q.v. [Gael. Mac Ldbhruinti] MAC LARTY, a contr. form of Mac Flaherty, Son OF Flaherty, q.v. MAC LAUGHLIN (Gelt.) Son of Laughlln or Loughlin, q.v. MAC LAWRIN = Mao Laren, q.v. MAC LAY (Celt.) Son of Lay, q.v. ; or= Mao Leay, q.v. Mac Lean Mac Naughton MAC LEAN (Celt.+Heb.) Son of the Ser- vant of J o hn [Gael. Mac Gille-Edin - mac, son + gille, m., servant + Edin, genit. of Iain, John : v, John] MAC LEAR (Celt.) Son of Lear, q.v. ; or for Mac Lure, q.v. MAC LEARY (Celt.) i Son of Leary, q.v. 2 for Mac Cleary, q.v. MAC LEAVY \ (Celt.) Son of Donleavy = MAC LEAY J Brown of the Hill [Gael. mac, son + donn, brown + shUibhe, genit. of sliabh, hill, mountain] MAC LELLAN "1 (Celt.) Son ofthe Servant MAC LELLANDJ OF Fillan = Wolf [Gael. Mac Gillfhaolain {fh mute) — mac, son + gille, servant + the genit. oifaolan\ MAC LEN NAN (Celt.) i Son of the Servant OF Finnan = Fair One [Gael, mac, son + gille, m., servant + fhi(o)nn {fh mute) genit. of fi{o)nn, fair + the dim. suff. -dn\ 2 Son of the Servant of Adamnan = Little Adam MAC LEOD (Celt.+Scand.) Son of Lj6t= Ugly [Gael, mac, son + O.N. Ij6t-r, ugly] MAC LEVEY = Mao Leavy, q.v. MAC LOUGHLAN 1 (Celt.)SoN of Loughlan, MAC LOUGHLIN J q.v. MAC LUCKIE (Celt.-Lat.) Sow of Luckie, a dim. of Luke, q.v. MAC LURE (Celt.) i Son OF the Leper [Gael, and Ir. Mac Lohhair -7 mac, son + lobhair (bh = w), genit. of lobhar, a' leper] 2 Son of the Servant of the Book [Gael. Mac Gille Leabhair — mac, son 4- gille, m., servant -f leabhair (bh = w) genit. of leabhar,,a. book] MAC MAHON (Celt.) Son of Mathghamhan = the Bear : v. Mahon MAC MANN, app. corr. of Mac Mahon, q.v. MAC MANUS (Celt. + Scand.-Lat.) Son of Manus or Magnus = the Great [Lat. magnus] MAC MASTER (Celt. + Lat.) SoN OF the Master [Gael, maighistear, Lat. magister, master] MAC MATH (Celt.) Son of the Good [Ir. and Gael, math, good] MAC MEECHAN'i MAC MEEHAN MAC MEAKIN MAC MEEKIN MAC MICKEN (Celt.) Son ofMiadhachan = the Noble or Honour- able [Ir. miadhach + the dim. suff. -rf«] MAC MICHAEL (Celt.) Son of Michael, q.v. MAC MILLAN 1 (Celt.) Son of Millan or MAC MILLIN fMuLLAN = theBALD; MoNK, Disciple [Gael. Mac Mhaolain, genit. of Maoldn : v. Mullan] The Irish form of this name is usually Mac Mullan. MAC MINN (Celt.) Son of Meann = the Famous ; or the Kid [Ir. and Gael. Mac Minn, genit. of Meann^ MAC MORROUGH\ i the Irish MacMurchad- MAC MORROW [ ha: v. Mac Murchie. MAC MURROW > 2 the Irish Mac Muiread- haigh : v. Mac Murray. MAC MULDROCH "I (Celt.) Son of the MAC MULDROW J Little Disciple [Ir. Mac Maoildroch — maol or mael, disciple, servant + droch, little, short] MAC MULLAN v(Celt.) Son of Mullan = MAC MULLEN Fthe Bald; Monk, Disciple: MAC MULLIN > -v. Mullan. The Highland form of this name is usually Mac Millan, q.v. , MAC MURCHIE] (Celt.) Son of Murchadh MAC MURCHY J = SEA-WARRiOR[Ir. »!«(i>, sea + the asp. form of cath, war, warrior] Cp. Murphy. MAC MURRAY (Celt.) i Son of Morogh : v. Murray. 2 for Irish Mac Murchadha : v. Mac Murchie. MAC NAB > (Celt. + Lat.-Gr.-Syr.) Son of MAC NABB [ THE Abbot lGae\.Mac-an-Aba- mac,son+an, oi the+aba(,dh, genit. of db, abbot — Lat. abbas, Gr. d/S/Soj, Syr. abbd, a father] Cp. Mac Cabe. ' Abair tri uairean Mac-an-Aba gun do chab a dhCinadh (Say three times Mac Nab{b without shutting' your mouth).^ — St. Cojumbus's Conundrums. MAC NAGHT "I (Celt.) Son of Neachd = a MAC NAUGHT/ Pledge; or Pure One [Ir. neachd] MAC NAGHTEN ) (Celt.) Son ofNeachtan MAC NAUGHTAN > =,a Pledge ; or Pure MAC NAUGHTON 1 One [Ir. and Gael.neachd 4- the dim. suff -rfn] Mac Nair Mac Ready MAC NAIR (Gael.) Son of the Heir [Gael. mac, son + an, of the + oighre, heir}* (Ir.) Son of the Riser [Ir. mac, son + an, of the + ineirghS, riser] * This name is not from one source. The Gairloch branch is desceaded from an Iain Odhar, whose name is condensed into In-uir. The pronunciation and other facts point to a third origin also : Mac I An-fhuidhir Ifh and dh mute] = the ' Stranger's Son. Prof. Mackinnon makes the nume Fuibhir, and takes it from Lat. faber, smith. ' — MacBain, Inverness Names, p. 40. MAC NALLY (Celt.) Son OF the Poor- Man [Ir. Mac-an-Fhailgigh {fhmuXe) — mac, son + an, of the+the genit. oifdilgeack, poor] MAC NAMARA (Celt.) Son of Cumara = Hound of the Sea (prob. denoting a skilful sailor) [Ir. and Gael. Mac Conmara — mac, son + con, genit. of cti, a hound + mara, genit. of muir, the sea] MAC NAMEE (Celt.) Son of Cumidhe = the Meath Hound [Ir. Mac Conmidhe - con, genit. of cu, a hound + midhe, bel. to the ' Prov. of Meath] MAC NAY 1 MAC NEAJ V. Mac Nee MAC NEAL y MAC NEALE [for Mao Neil(l, q.v. MACNEALL' MAC NEE (Celt.) Son of the Night [Ir. and Gael. Mac-na-h-Oidhche — mac, son + na, of the + the phon. insertion h+oidhche, night] MAC NEIL ^ MAC NEILE KCelt.) Son of Neil(l : v. Nellfl macneill' MAC NEILLY (Celt.) Son of Fileadh = the Bard, Poet [Ir. Mac-an-Fhiledh (/A mute) — mac, son J- an, of the + the genit. of fileadhl MAC NEISH \ (Celt.) Son of Angus, q.v. MAC NISH J [Gael. Mac Naois, a dial, form of Mac Angus] MAC NICHOLL^ (Celt. + Gr. ) Son of MAC NICOL [Nic(h)ol, a dim. of MAC NICOLL > Nio(h)olas, q.v. '^''°''%^}S0N0FNiven, MAC NIVII q.v. MAC NULTY (Celt.) Son of Ultach = the Ulsterman [Ir. Mac-an-Ultaigh - mac, son + an, of the + the genit. of Ultach] MACONOCHIE, v. Mac Con(n)achie. MAC ORIS .1 (Celt.+Gr.) Son of Pierce. MAC ORISH J Pierce, A.-Ft. form of Peter, q.v. [In Mac Fheorais (fh mute), genit. of Feoras] MAC OWAN \ (Celt.) Son of Owan or Owen: MAC OWEN ; V. Owen [Ir. Mac Eoghain, genit. of Eoghan] MAC PARLAN •, the unasp. forms of Mao MAC PARLANd[ Parian, etc., q.v. MAC PARLIN I MAC PHAIL (Celt. +Lat.) Son of Paul, q.v. [Gael. MacPhail, genit. oi PM\ MAC PHEE =Mao Fie, q.v, 1 MAC PHERSON (Celt.+Lat.) Son of the Parson : v. Parson [Gael^ and Ir. Mac Phearsuin, genit. of pearsun, parson — ^ Lat. persofia] MACQUADEl ,, _ .. MACQUAID I^Mac Quoid. MAC QUARRIE (Celt.) Son of Guaire = the Noble, Great [Gael, and Ir. guaire] MAC QUEEN (Celt.) a Scotch asp. form of Ir. Mac Sweeney, q.v. (Celt.+Norse)asp.formof MacSween, q.v. MAC QUHAE \ asp. forms of Mao Quade : MACQUIE J V.Mac Quoid. MAC QUILLANl (Celt.) i Ir. Mac Uid{h)ilin MACQUILLINJ 2 confused with Mac Cullen, q.v. MACQUILLIAM (Celt.+Teut.) Son of William, q.v. MACQUIN \(Celt.) Son of Conn = the MAC QUINN; Wise One [Ir. mac, son + cuinn, genit. of conn, wise one] MAC QUIRE = Mao Guire, q.v. MAC QUIRK = Mao Guirk, q.v. MAC QUOID (Celt.) Son of the Yellow- Haired [Ir. and Gael. Mac Bhuidhe (J}k^ tu) -buidhe, yellow (haired] MAC RAE (Celt.) Son of Rath = GRAttEor Luck [Gael. Mac Railh (th = A] (Gelt.orCelt.+Teut.)SoNOFRAE: v. Rae = Ray. MAC READY (Celt.+Teut.) Son of REDDiE.a dim. of Redmond, q.v. Mac Ritchie Ma£:enni5 MAC RITCHIE (Celt. + Teut.) Son of Ritchie, a dim. of IRichard, q.v. MAC ROBBIE 1 (Celt. + Teut.) Son of MAC ROBIE J Robbie, a dim. ot Robert,q.v. MAC ROBERT (Celt.+Teut.) Son of Robert, q.v. MAP ROBERTS = Mao Robert (q.v.) + the ■ Eng. genit. -i suff. MAC RORY (Celt.>SoNOFRuADHRi:v. Rory, , MAC RURY = Mac Rory, q.Vi MAC SHANE (Ir. -|- Heb.) Son of John, q.v. [Ir. Mac Seoiiij MAC SHERRY, Son of Sherry, q.v. MAC SWEEN (Celt. + Norse) Son of Sween or SwAWi = the Swain [O.N. sveinn, a swain, boy] . (Celt.) See Mao Sweeney. MAC SWEENEY ' MAC SWEENY MAC SWINAY MAC SWINEY MAC SWINNEY (Celt.) Son of Suibhne : V. Sween(e)y. MAC TAGGART (Celt.) Son of the Priest (Gael. Mac'an-t-shagairt] The Gael, word for ' priest' (nom. case) is sagart ; for the rule as to eclipsis see the note under Mao Intyre. MAC TAG UE (Celt.) Son OF the Poet [Ir. , Mac Taidhg, genit. of Tadg, a poet] MAC TAVISH (Celt.+Heb.) Son of Thomas, q.v. [Gael. Mac TamhaiS, genit. of Tamos] MAC TEAR ^ MAC TEER [ forms of Mao Intyre, q.v. MAC TIER I Cp. Mao Ateer. MAC TIERNAN (Celt.) SoN OF Tighearnan: V. Tiernan. MAC TIGHE \ (Celt.) Son of the Poet [Ir. MAC T\GUE I Mac Taidhg, genit. of Tadg, a poet] MAC VEIGH 1 (Celt.) Son of the Yellow- MAC VEY } Haired (One) [Ir. MacBhuidhe MAC VIE J (6* as i; ; dh myite)—buidhe, yel- low (haired] MAC VICAR \ (Celt. +Lat.) Son of the MACVICKER J Vicar ,[La.t.vicarius] MAC WADE = Mao Quade = Mac Quoid q;v. MAO WALTER (Celt.+Teut.) Son of Walter q.v. MAC WALTERS 1 = Mao Walter (q.v.) + MAC WATERS J the E. genit. -i suff. MAC WATT \. (Celt.+Teut!) SonofWatt, MAC WATTIE JWattie, dims, of Walter, q.v. MAC WEAN = Mao Queen, q.v. MACWHA l(Celt.) Son of the Yellow- MAC WHAE J Haired (One) [Ir. MacBhuidhe (bh as Mi; dh m\xte) -buidhe, yellow (hair- ed] MAC WILLIAM (Celt. + Teut.) Son of Wil-' Ham, q.v. ' , MAC WILLIAMS = Mao William (q.v,) + the Eng. genit. -5 suff. MACEY}='«^^^«y'q-^; MADDEN \ (Celt.) DoG,HoUND [Ir.Madadhan MADDIN J — madadh, a dog + the dim. suff. -dn} MADDICK \ (Cfelt.) Goodly, Beneficent , MADDOCKJ [Wei. forms Madawc, Madog; Wei, madog, goodly — wad, good] ,, Madawc \he son of Maredudd [Mere- dith] possessed Powys within its bound- aries, from Pprfoed to Gwauan in the uplands of ArwystU.— 'The Dream of Rhonabwy ' : Mab inogion, tr. Guest. MADDISON 1 I Maud's Son :v. Maud. MADISON J 2 = Mattison, q.v. MADDOCKS'l (A.-Celt.) Maddock's (Son) : MADDOX Jv. Maddook MADEWELL(Epg.) Dweller at the Meadow- Well [O.E. mddd, meadow + im»lle\ MADGE, V. Mafegs ' MAPIN = Madden, q.v. MADLEY (Eng.) Bel. to Madley or Madeley = the Meadow-Field [O.E. m(hd + ledh] MAGEE (Celt,)- Son of Aedh or Aodh = Ardour [If. Mac Aedha 01 MacAodha (dh mute)— mac, son + the genit. of aedh, aodh, ardour, fire : cp. Wei. aidd, ardour] Cp. Maokay ; also Aidar) ilJlAGlNNIsl^^^"^^"""''^-" lO Mageoghegan Male MAGEOGHEGAN (Celt.) Son of Echegan = (Little) Horse [Ir. Mac Echegain — mac son + the genit. oi ech{e)gdn, dim. aiech, a horse] IMAGER, I a var. of Meager, q.v. 2 V. Major. MAGERAGHTY (Celt.) Son of Oirechtach or AlREACHTACH = theJ^OBLEM AN [Ir. Mac Oirechtaigh ov Mac Aireachtaigh — mac, son + aireach, a noble + taigh, genit. of the 5. plen. suff. -tacK\ MAGGS (A.-Gr.) Magg's (Son): Magg, a dim. of Margaret = a Pearl [Lat. margarita, Gr. piapyapLTTi^, a pearl] MAGILL = Mac Gill, q.v. MAGI MAGI NN I ='^3-C Gi""! Mao Gennis, q.v- MAGINESS MAGINNESS \ = Magennis, Mac Gennis, MAGINNIS ) q.v. MAGNUS (Scand.-Lat.) Great [Lat. magnus] Cp. Mac Manus MAGRATH \ _ ■>. „ Craith a V MAGRAW / '^^° oraitn, q.v. MAGSON, Mag(g)'s Son : v. Maggs. MAGUIRE = Mac Guire, q.v. MAHER (Celt.) for their. O'DfaheroxO'Meagh- er. Descendant of Meachair = the Fair, Handsome [Ir. and Gael. meachair\ MAHON I (Celt.) the Bear [Ir. and Gael. MAHONE J tnathghamhuin] MAH8Nr}f°'-°''^^'^''"«y''i-^- MAIDMAN (Eng.) i Meadow-Man lO.E.mckd mead(ow + mantt] 2 confused with the succeeding name. MAIDMENT (Teut.) Power - Protection [O.Teut. Madmunt, Medmund, etc. — * mad, * mid = O.E. mdsip, power, reverence, etc. + O.H.Ger. munt = O.E. mund, protection] MAIL MAILE Male, q.v. MAIN "1 (Teut.) Strength [M.E. mazH, O.E. MM^E]mcegen = O.Sax., O.N., O.H.Ger. megin, strength, power (a fairly common element in O.Teut. names] (Fr.-Celt.) One from the Duchy of Maine [Fr. Maine, the Lat.-Celt. Cenoma- nia'\ (Fr.-Lat.) name derived from an armorial or trade sign of a Hand (or a nick- name) [Fr. main, Lat. man-us, the hand] MAINPRICE \ (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Surety [Fr. main, MAINPRISE J Lat. man-us, the hand + prise, a taking, f. pp. pris of prendre, to take ; Lat. prehendere\ MAINWARING (Fr.-Lat.-Teut.) Bel. to Mes- nilwarin (France) = the Manor of Warin [v. Mennell and Warin] Robert de Meynwaring. — Hund. Rolls. Warin de Menwarin. — Cal- Inq. P.M. MAIR "I I Scot, forms of Mayer or Mayor, MAI RE/ , q.v. [Gael, waor, an officer] 2 the A.-French Mair(e = Mayor, q.v. Ne to be mair above men Ne mynystre under kynges. — Piers Plowman, 9486-7. MAISEY "1 (Celt.) .Fair, Handsome [Gael. MAIZEYJ maiseacK] (Scot.-Gr.) a dim. (Maisie) of Margaret : V. Maggs MAITLAND (Scot.-Eng.) Bel. to Maitland (Haddington), prob. = ' the Meadow- land' [O.E. mckd-land] if not 'the Wormy Land ' [O.E. ma'Sa (Ger. made) worm, maggot + land] MAJOR (Lat.) Greater, Bigger [Lat. major, comp. of magnus] Cp. Mayor MAKEPEACE (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Peacemaker, Mediator [M.E. mak, maken, O.E. macian to make -1- M.E. paes, peas, pais, O.Fr. pais (Fr. paix), Lat. pax, pads, peace] MAKIN = May (q.v.) -|- the E. dim. suff. -iin MAKINS, Makin's (Son) l^Motir, MAKINSON, Makin's Son J '^^ "'a"^'" MALBY for Maltby, q.v. MALCOLM \ (Celt.) (Shaven) Servant or MALCOM J Disciple of St. COLUMBA [Gael. mael, shaven one, monk, servant, disciple -i- Coluim, of Columba] MALDOON = Muldoon, q.v. MALE (Celt.) i Shaven One ; Monk, Disciple [Gael, and Ir. mael, maol, prim. ' bald '] 2 Dweller at a Bald or Bare Hill or Cape [same etym.] (Eng.) for Mayhall, q.v. II Males Manchester MALES (A.-Celt.) Male's (Son) : v. Male MALIN \like Molly, a double dim. of Mary, MALLIN J also of Matilda [v. under Malkin] MALKIN (A.-Fr.-Teut.) a double dim. of Matilda, early form Mahthild = Might (in) War [O.Sax.O.H.Ger. maht = O.E. m{eidht, miht (= Goth, maht-s) = O.N. »!a'«-r, might, power + O.Sax. O.E. hild = O.H.Ger. hilt\= O.N. hild-r, war, battle] The second element of Matilda is there- fore the Teut. female christian name Hilda. (A.-Heb.) a double dim. of Mary = Bitterness \H^h. MdrdK} Malkin became a provincialism for a slut; and even a scarecrow. The kitchin malkin pinnes Her richest Idckrara 'boiit her leechie necke. — Shak,, Cortol, 11. 1.224. MALLAN 1 (Celt.) Bald; Monk, Disciple [Ir. MALLON \ Maeldn—mael + the dim. suff. -dn\ MALLIN " MALLARD (Fr.-Teut.) i a nickname from the Wild Drake [M.E. O.Fr. malard, malart, a wild drake] 2 the French Ma{i)llard, L.Lat. Male- hard-us, O.Ger. Madelhard = Speech- or Council- Strong [the Cont.Teut. cognate of O.'E.mce^el, speech, council, etc. + O.Sax. hard=Gotii.hardu-s=0.li.Gex.hart=0.'E,. h(e)ard, hard, strong, etc.] MALLET \ I (Fr.-Lat.) Naughty [Fr. mal MALLETTJ (Lat. mal-us) -|-the dim. suff. -rt] Cp. Bonnett. 2 Accursed [Norm. Fr. waafeft, pp. of the verb maleir, tOjCurSe ; Lat. tftaledicere] , , Maleit seit oi cil aucidenz. — ' , (pursed be to-day that mischance) 0€n., Chron.de Norm., y.iiS9i;'Mio\sy. Malet is on the mural list of "Compagnons de Guillaume 4 la con- quSte de I'Angleterre en MLXVl" in Dives (Calvados) Church; also in the copies of the Roll of Battle Abbey. MALLEY, v. O'Malley. MALLINSON 1 Mal(l)in's Son : v, Mal(l)if). MALLISON ; MALLOCH \ (Celt.) the Irish Mocheallo^, the MALLOCK J name of a saint who flourished at the beginning of the 7th cent, and gave his name to Kilmallock in Limerick. MALONE (Celt.-1-Heb.) Servant or Disciple OF St. John: v. John [Ir. Mael Edin'\ MALONEY ) (Celt.) for the Irish O'MaoWAowA- MALONY \ naigh {dh and mh mute) = Grandson of the Servant or Disciple OF DoMHNACH [Ir. d or ua, grandson; maol, servant, disciple] MALPAS \ (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Bel. to Mal pas MALPASS J (Chesh.)=the Bad Pass or Road [Fr. mal pas, Lat. mal-us+pass-us, a. step, track] This pure French name on the Welsh border is due to the old Norman Castle which was built to command the pass. MALSTER (Eng.) for Maltster (orig. female) Malt - Maker [M.E. maltestere ; O.E. m{e)aU -\- the fern, agent, suff. ■estre'\ MALTBY (Scand.) Bel. to Maltby = a Malt- HousE [ScauA. malt + by'\ MALtHOUSE"! (Eng.) Keeper of a. Malt.' MALTHUS J House [O.E. »!(^)aft + Wjr] MALTMAN (Eng.) Malt-Maker [O.E. m{e)alt + mann\ MAN "I (Eng.) Vassal, Servant ; Hero MANN/ [O.E. »2a«B, man, vassal, hero] This name is found in the Liber Vitae (gth cent, ff.), and in early times was doubtless often used as an heroic appella- tion : later the notion of vassalage or ser- vice was more fully developed. Previously to paying the iwergild, the king's ' mund ' (a fine to the king for breach of his protection) was to be levied ; after which, within twenty-one daySj the 'healsfang' (apprehensio coUi, collistrig- ium) was to be discharged; and after that, within;twenty-onedays, the 'manb6t,', or indemnity to the lord of the slain for the loss of his man. — Lappenberg-Thorpe, ^.-Sajr.iTJM^i, ii. 413. Like master, like man.^O\A Proverb. The vassal or tenant, kneeling, ungirt, uncovered, and holding up his hands between those of his lord, professed that he did become his matt from that day forth, of Hfe, limb, and earthly honour. — Blackstone; Webster. •Henry le Man. — Hund. Rolls. (Celt.) Bel. to (the Isle of) Man [ ? qym- nc man, place, or district] MAN BY (Scand.) Bel. to Manby (Lines), 13th cent. Manby = ? ' Mann's,' or ' Magne's' Estate ' [O.N. by-rj MANCHESTER (A.-Lat.-Celt.) Bel to Man- chester, the mameceaster of the A.-Saxon Chronicle and prob. the Mancunium 12 Mander Manson of Roman times [cp. Wei. mdti, a place ; the second element is O.E. ceaster, a (Roman) city, Lat. castra, a camp] MANDER = Maunder, q.v. MANDERS = Maunders, q.v. MANDERSON = Maunderson, q.v. MAN DEVI LLE (Fr.-Lat.) Bel. to Mandeville (Normandy) = the Great Estate [corr. of Lat. Magna Villa'] Both Mandeville, Eure, and Mande- ville, Calvados, occur as Magna Villa in the i2tli cent. Cp. Manville MANDRELL = Mander or Maunder, (q.v.) + the Fr. dim. suff. -el [Lat. ell-us] "I (Eng.) Bel. to Manesty (Cum- h - - MANESTY MANISTY / berland), app, = the Common or Public Sty, or Road [O.E. ge)mcbne, common, public + stig, a sty, pen ; or stig, a path, road] MANFIELD (Eng.) Bel. to Manfield = the Common Field [O.E. ge)mikne, common, pubhc +felc[\ MANGAN "I (Celt.) i for the Irish ff Mongain, MANGIN J Grandson or Descendant of MoNGAN = Hairy [Ir. mong, (long) hair, mane + the dim. suff. -dn\ 2 for the Irish O' Managain, Grandson or Descendant of Managan MANGER (Eng.) Merchant, Trader, Dealer [O.E. tnan{c)gere] Hvvaet s»gst );u, Mancgere ? Quid dicis tu, Mercator ? Mlfrici Colloquium, loth cent. MANIFOLD. Dweller by the River Manyfold or Manifold, co. Staffs. MANISTY, V. Manesty. MANLEYl (Eng.) Bel. to Manley = MANLY J I Manna 'sLea [A.-Sax. *Maman- ledh — Mannan, genit. of Mannd\ 2 the Common Lea [O.E. ge)mckne, common, public + ledfi] (Celt.) corr. forms of Mac Neilly (q.v.) or of Mac Nally (q.v.) MAN LOVE (Eng.) Man-Beloved [A.-Sax. Manleof-—man(n, man, hero + ledf, be- loved, dear] MANNERING for Malnwaring, q.v. MANNERS (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Of the Manors [O.Fi'. manoir, a mansion — manoir, maneir, to dv^ell ; Lat. manere\ Dugdale states that the ancestors of the Rutland (Manners) family were 'persons of great note in Northumberland for in 25 Henry II. Henry de Maners paid 80 marks for livery of his father's lands in that country.' — Burke's Peerage, &c. The name was Latinized de Maneriis MANNING (Eng.) Mann's Son : v. Man(n, and + the O.E. fil. suff. -ing Manning was the name of a moneyer temp. iS:thelred I. MANNION, an asp. form of Mangan, q.v. MANSELL (A.-Fr.-Lat) One Belonging to a Manse ; a Farmer ^ [A.-Fr. ma(u)nsel ; Fr. manse, land sufficient to support a family ; L.Lat. jwansa, a farm ; Lat. mansus, pp, of manere, to reside + the Fr. suff. -el, Lat. -ell-US'] . Sampson le Maunsel.^-jHa«rf. Rolls. Robert le Mansel. — Plac. Dam. Cap. Westm. In its original (French) home this sur- name is now found as Manseau, Manceau, Mancel, &c. On donnait, au moyen Sge, le nom de Mansel a I'individu qui cultivait une manse ou qui 6tait pr6pos6 a la percep- tion de ses revenus.^- Moisy, Noms de Fam. Norm., p. 263. MANSER I for Mansergh, q.v. 2 for Mansel I, q.v. MANSERGH (Teut.) Bel. to Mansergh (West- moreland) = Mann's (? Harrow-) Land [v. Man(n, andcp. M.Dan, harge, a harrow : also cp. O.E.pldh, a plot of (plough-) land] MANSFIELD (Eng.) Bel. to Mansfield = the Field or Plain of the River Maun or Mann [the river-name is probi Celt., ? Wei. {afon) man, small (river) + O.E. feld] Mansfield is situated on the N. bank of the small river Maun or Maun.— Nat. Gaz. MANSON ffing.) Man(n)'s Son : v. Man(n arid -f- O.E. sunu. (Sopt.-Scand.) an assim. form of Mag" nusson = Magnus's Son [Lat. magnus, great -|- O.N. sun-r'] Magnus was adopted by the Norsemen as a name out of admiration for Charle- magne (Carolus Magnus). iyiantc;l(l 13 Marison MANTEL(L \ (A.-Fr.-Lat.)a.^icknameortrade- MANTLE J name [M.E. O.Fr. mantel (Fr. manieau), a cloak ; Lat. mantell-um, a covering] MANTON rEngO Bel. to Manton (Lines, Rut- land,. &c.) = (prob.) Man(n)a's Estate [O.Ktun] Manton, Worcester, was the A.-Sax. Mantun. MANUEL for Immanuel : v. Emanuel. MAN US, V. Mac Manus. MANVILLE (Fr.-Lat.) Bel. to Manneville (Normandy) == the Great Estate [Lat. Magna Villa] Manneville, Calvados, occurs as Magna Villa in i2ot; Manneville -sur-Risle; : , , Eure, was Magna Villa in the, i ith cent. Cp. Mandeville. MANWARING = Mainwaring, q.v. MAPLE \ (Eng.) Dweller at the Maple- MAPLESJ Tree(s [O.E. mapul-treif\ MAPLESON I Mabel's Son: v. under Mabb. 2 for Mapieston, q.v. MAPLESTON (Eng.) Dweller at the Maple's Enclosure [O.E. mapul (-treo), maple ) tiin, enclosure] MAPP, a sharpened form of Mabb, c[-V- ' . • . '- MAPPIN for Mabbin, a double dim. oi Mabel: v. Mabb. MARA (Celt.) i for O'Meara, q.v. 2 a shortening of Mac Namara, q.v. MARCER = Mepcen, q.v. MARCH (Eng.) Dweller at a Boundary, Border, Frontier, Mark [M.E, marehe, p.E. m{e)arc\ Austyn at Caunterbury Cristnede the kyng, And thorugh miracles, as men now rede, Al tliat marehe he tornede To Crist and to cristendom; — Piers Plowman, 10513-17. March, Cambs, had the same spelling in the 13th cent. MARCHAM (Eng.) Bel. to Marcham, Berks ; gtli cent. Latin charter, Mercham — the March-Land [v. under March, and + O.E. ham{m, a piece of lat^d, enclosure] MARCH ANT (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Merchant J [M.E. marcha{u)nt, O.F. march{e)ant (Fr. mar- '■ chand) ; f.Lat. mercans, pres. p. oi mercari, to trade] A marchant was ther with a forked berd In mottelye, and hye on horse he sat. — Chaucer, Cant. Tales, Az'jo-i. MARCOCK = Mark (q.v.) + the pet suff. -cock. MARCROFT (Eng.) Dvirelier at i the Lake- Field [O.E. mere, a lake + croft] 2 the Boundary-Field [O.E. mckre, a boundary -\r croft]* ' MARCUS (A.-Lat.), V. the more usual Eng. form Mark. MARCUSON, Marcus's Son: v. Marcus. MARDEN (Eng.) Bel., to Marden = i the , Pool- Valley [O.E. mere, a pool 4- denui a valley] 2 the Boundary- Valley [Q.E. m(&re, a boundary] But Marden, Wilts, was the A.-Saxori Mere-dun, ' the hill by the mere.' MARDON (Eng.) usually for Marden (q.v.)i; but -doit normally represents O.E. dun, a down, hill. MARGARET (A.-Lat.-Gr.) Pearl (Lat. malr- garita, Gr. liapryajtlTiis] MARGERISON, Margery's .Son : v. Margery Margery, a dim. of Margaret, q.v. MARGET(T ^ MARGIN \ double dims.of Margaret, q.v. MARGOT J MARGETSON, Marget's Son 1 „ .«„ '^^t/t M ARG ETTS, MARdETT s (Son) j ^- W"arget(t. MARGINSON, Margin's Son : v. Margin. MARGISON 1 Margy's or Margery's Son : MARGISSONJ V.Margery. MARGRIE, V. Margery. MARIGOLD (Heb. -|- Eng.) the flower-name [(the Virgin) Afary, Heb. Jlfrfriffcbitterness -f O.E. gold (from the colour]; MARION ) (A.-Fr.-Heb.) dims, of Mary = MARYON (Bitterness [Heb. Mdrdh; with the Fr. dim. suff. -on] MARISON, Mary's Son. , Confused with Morlson, q.v. Marjoribanks 14 Marfiner MARJORlBANKS(Scot.)Bel.toMarjoriebanks. ' When, Walter, High Steward of Scot- land, and ancestor of the royal house of Stewart, espoused Marjorie (Margaret), only daughter of Robert Bruce, and ■Eventually heiress to the crown, the barony of Ratho was granted by the king as a marriage portion to his daughter, by charter which is still extant ; and these lands, being subsequently denominated " Terra de Ratho Marjorie-banks," gave rise to the name of Marjoribanks.' I — Burke's Landed Gentry, ed. 1849. MARK, the Latin AfarcMJ, a common 1 Roman prsenomen (gen. abbreviated M.) = Hammer [Lat. marcus, a hammer ; dim. marculus] (Eng.) Dweller at a Mark or Boundary [O.E. m(e)arc\ MARKEY (Celt.) Horseman, Rider [Ir. mar- each = Gael, marcaiche — marc, a horse] MARKHAM (Eng.) Bel. to Markham = the Mark- or Boundary- Land [O.E. m{e)arc + hamifri] MARKLAND (Eng.) Dweller at the Mark- or Boundary-Land [O.E. m{e)arc + land] MARKS \ I Mark's (Son) : v. Mark' MARX J 2 for Marcus, q.v. MARKSON, Mark's Son : v. Marki MARL 1 (Fr.-Lat.) the French Marie, Merle, MARLE J a nickname from the Blackbird [Fr. merle, Lat. merula] (A.-Fr.-Lat.-Celt.) Dweller at the Marl [O.Fr. marie, L.Lat. margila, dim. of Lat. marga, marl ; Celtic] Cp. Clay. (Teut.) the O.Teut. name - element, Marl-, Merl-, Marl- (as in A.-Sax. Mcerle- n) [f. mdri, mdere, famous] MARLAND (Eng.) Dweller at i the Lake- Land [O.E. mere ^- land:] 2 the Boundary-Land [O.E. mdire + land] ■MARLBOROUGH (Eng.) Bel. to Marlborough Marlborough, Wilts, occurs in the A.- Sax. Chronicle (A.D. 1 1 10) as Mcerlebeorg . — 'to Eastron he (Henry) vvses aet Mserle- beorge ' [O.E. beorg, a hill ; the first por- tion of the name is prob. the A. - Sax. name-element Mcerle, f. m(kre, famous, glorious] MARLER (Eng.) Marl-Worker [v. under Marl, and -f- the E. agent, suff. -er] MARLEY (Eng.) Dweller at i tlie Lake-Lea [O.E. mere, a lake -|- ledh (M.E. ley] 2 the Boundary- Lea [O.E. mdsre + 1 ledK] I MARLOW (Eng.) Bel. to Marlow (Bucks), the Domesday Merlawe = the Hill or Tumulus by the Mere [O.E. mere, a lalc'e -1- hlAw] MARMION l (Fr.) a nickname = Little MARMON J Monkey [O.Fr. marmion, a mar- mot or small monkey ; merme, very small (Scheler) -|- the dim. suff, -i-oii] M A R N E R (A. - Fr. - Lat.) Mariner, Sailor [M.E. O.Fr. mariner (Fr. marin, marinier) ; Lat. marin-us, marine] MARPLE (Eng.) Bel. to Marple, anc. Murpull = (app.) the Moor-Pool [O.E. mdr-\-pul] But for the old form recorded it would have been natural to refer the first ele- ment of this name to the O.E. mdere, ' a boundary,' as Marple is on the R. Gort, which there separates the counties of Chester and Derby. MARPLES I genit. (or pi.) of Marple, q.v. 2 a corr. form of Maples, q.v. MARR (Celt.) Bel. to Mar(r (Aberdeensh.), 12th cent. Marr, which the late Whitley Stokes thought was from a tribal name. (Eng.) Bel. to Marr (Yorks), 14th cent. Merre, prob. = the Pool [O.E. mere] Cp. the Northumbrian dialect - vyord mar, ' a pool.' MAR RAT MARRATT MARRETT MARRIAN MARRIN MARRION MARRIOT MARRIOTT MARRITT MARRYAT MARRYATT MARYON J (A. - Fr.-Heb.) dims, of Mary == ? Bitterness [Heb. Mdrdh; with the Fr. dim. suffixes -at, -et, -at, -in, -on] MARRIAGE (Eng.) doubtless a place-name : the suff. is prob. for -ridge or -wjich ; the first element representing either O.E. mcBre, ' boundary,' or O.E. mere, ' lake.' But note O.E. mder-hege, 'boundary- hedge.' MARRINER (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Mariner [Fr. 7nari- , nier, f. marin, marine; Lat. marin-us] Marrison 15 Maslin MARRISON (A.-Heb.) Mary's Son. Confused with Morrison, q.v. MARROW (Eng.) Companion, Mate, Lover [M.E. marwe] (Celt.) for Morrow, q-v. MARRSHEng.) Dweller at the Mar(r)s or MARS J Meres [v. Marr 2] MARSDEN \ (Eng.) Bel. to Marsden (Lanes, MARSDIN JYorks, and Durhani) = the Marsh-Valley [O.E. mersc, a marsh + denu, a valley] MARSH (Eng.) Dweller on Low, Wei Land, a Morass [O.E. mersc] MARSHAL 1 (A. - Fr. - Taut.) ht. Horse- MARSHALLJ SERVANT; Farrier; later, Stew ARD[M..E,.marschdl,marcl!al,marshall, < etc., O.Fr. maresc{h)al {Fr.marechal, farrier; field-marshal) ; O.H.Ger. mardscalh — marah, a horse + sealh (O-H. scealc), a ' servant] And with that word he gan unto hym calle ■ A squier, that was marchal of his halle. — Chaucer, Cant. Tales, E 1929-30. Gentil furent li senescal Gentil furent li marescal. — Wace, Rom. de Rou, 5963- MARSLAND (Eng.) Dweller at 1 the Pool- Land [O.E. meres, genit. of mere, a pool f land] 2 the Marsh-Land [O.E. mersc + land] M ARSON I for Marston, q.v. 2 Mark's Son : v. Mark. MARSTON (Eng.) Bel, to Marston =1 the- Pool-Farmstead [O.E. meres, genit. of mere, a pool + tiin] 2 the Marsh-Farmstead [O.E. mersc + ttitt] MARTEL \ the French Martel — Hammer MARTELLJ (a nickname, as in the case of , Charles Martel) [O.Fr. martel, f Lat. martul-us] Robert Martel.— /f«««;. Rolls. MARTEN (A.-Fr.-Lat.) for Martin, q.v. (A.-Fr.-Teut.) a nickname from the , Marten or Weasel [for martern, M.E. O.Fr. »!ar Mauger 17 Mayor MAUGER (Fr.-Teut.) a French descendant of the O.Ger. Madelger r=CovHcih-SPEAR [the Cont. Teut. cognate of O.K. mojSel, speech, council, etc. + O.Sax. O.H.Ger. g4r, a spear] MAUGHAN = Mahon, q.v. MAUL \ I Bel. to Maule (Seine-et-Oise) MAULE[ 2 for Ma?/, a dim. of Matilda, also MAULL ' of Mary : v. Malkin. 3 poss. also representing the A.-Sax. male pers. name Moll: v. MolJ. MAUND, meton. for Maunder<, q.v. MAUNDER (Eng.) Maker of Maunds (Bas- kets) [O.E. mand, a basket + the agent. suff. -ere] (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Beggar [f M.E. maundee, 'the washing of the disciples' feet'; O.Fr. mande ; L.Lat. mandat-um, the foot-wash- ing; Lat. mandare, to command] The divill (like a brave maunder) was rid a-begging himselfe, and wanted money. — Search for Money, A.D. 1609. MAUNDERS, Maunder's (Son) "1 v. MAUNDERSON, Maunder's Son j Maunder MAUNSELL = Mansell, q.v. MAURICE (A.-Fr.-Lat.-Gr.) Moorish; Dark [Lat. Mauritius — Maurus, Gr. MaCpos, a Moor] Serl fil. Morice.—Hund Rolls. Mauricius Capellanus.^/Vzt Soils. In Ireland, Morris or Morrish has often been adopted as a simplified substitute for such native names as Muirgheas (v. Morrissey) and Moriarty, q.v. MAW (Eng.) I Dweller at the Maw or Mow [O.E. miiga, a mow] William de la Mawe. — Hund. Rolls. 2 Man, Warrior ; Son, Kinsman [O.E. magu] MAWDESLEY ) (Eng.) Bel. to Mawdesley MAWDSLEY ) (Lanes) = Maud's orMouD's Lea [M.'E. ley, O.'E. leak] Hugh de Moudesley. — Lane. Inq., A.D. 1293. Thomas de Maudesley. — Lane. Fines, A.D. 1398, MAWDITT (Fr.-Lat.) the French Mauduit = Naughty, lit. Badly Conducted [Fr. . mal, Lat. male^ badly -(- Fr. duit, pp. of duire, Lat. ducere, to lead] MAWER (Eng.) Mower [f. O.E. mdwan, to mow] MAWSON (Eng.) Maw's Son : v. Maw, esp.^ (Teut.) Maud's Son: v. Maud. (Heb. -I- Eng.) for Mary's Son : Mary = ' Bitterness ' [Heb. mdrdK\ MAXIM (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Greatest [Fr. Maxinte, Lat. Maxim-us; superl.oC magnus, great] MAXTON (Eng. or Celt. -|- Eng.) Bel. to Maxton = Maccus' Estate [A.-Sax. Maccus-iiin] MAXWELL (Eng. or Celt. + Eng.) Dweller at Maccus' Spring or Pool [A.-Sax. Maeeus-w(i)elle] .iElfere and Maecus, liiddige twegen [brave twain]. — The Battle of Maldon (A.D. 993), 80. MAY \ (Eng.) I Man.'Warrior ; Kinsman, MAYE J Son [M.E. may, O.E. mdga, m(!e(c)g] Byrhtn6Ses mceg. — The Battle of Maldon, 1 14- 2 Young Girl, Maid [ME. mat, may, O.E. mckg{\>] That has na barn, ne mai ne knave. — Cursor Mundi, 12067. Thow glorie of wommanhede, thow faire may. — Chaucer, Cant. Tales, B 851. (A.-Heb.) dims, of Matthew, q.v. ; also of Mary [Heb. Mardh, bitterness] MiVFi'i'l= Mayhall, q.v.; cp. also Mlall. MAYBRICK (Fr.-Lat. -I- Eng.) Dweller at (prob.) the MAY(-Tree) Breck [Fr. Mai, Lat. Mai-US, month of May -f- Prov. t. breek, a heath, sheep-walk] MAYBURY (Eng.) Bel. to Maybury = the Tribal or National Hill [O.E. mdegS, tribe, nation, province -\- beorg, hill] MAYCOCK = May (q.v.) -|- the E. pet suff. -cock. Also a term for an effeminate man, a milksop — He sholde be no cowarde, no mayeoeke. —Pilgr. Perf., A.D. 1526; N.E.D. Cp. Meacock. MAYCOX, Maycock's (Son) : v, Mayoock. MAYER 1 (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Mayor [M.E. meir{e, MAYOR J myre, maire, Fr. maire, mayetir, maieur, Lat. major, compar. of magnus, great] David le Meir. — Hund. Rolls. John le Myre.— Hac. Dom. Cap. Westm. Mayers l8 Meears And namel)^ ye maistres Metres and jugges [judges] That have the welthe of this world.^ Piers Plowman, 4866-8. This name is occ. an Anglicized form of the corresponding German Meyer, which see in the appendix of Foreign Names. MAYERS, Mayer's (Son) : v. Mayer. MAYES, May(e)'s (Son) : v. May(e. MAYGER, a var. of Meager and Meagher, q.v. MAYHALL(Eng.)Bel. to Maghull (S.W. Lanes), 13th cent. Mahalie = the Tribal or National Hill [O.E.mcfe^, tribe, nation, province + hal(h, a slope, hill, corner] (A.-Heb.) a form taken by Michael, q.v. MAYHEW, an A.-Fr. form of Matthew, q.v. Robert Mahe-n.—Hund. Rolls. The present day French forms are Maheu and Mahieu. MAYHOW for Mayhew, q.v. MAYKIN = May (q.v.) + the E. dim. suff -kin. MAYLE = Male, q.v. MAYLER I (Celt.) the Shaven One, Monk, MAYLOR J Disciple \lr. Maelir,Maolir-mael, maol + the pers. suff. -ir{e'\ Maelir mac Maelir. — Annals of the P.M., A.D. 1205. MAYNARD (A. - Fr. - Teut.) Power -Brave \0. T ent. Meginhard, etc. — O.Sax. megin = O. E. mmgen = O.H.Ger. megin=O.N.megtn, main, power, strength+0.Sax.}iard=O.K. h(e)ard = O.H.Ger. hart = O.N. har%-r, hard, brave] MAYNE - Main(e, q.v. MAYO (A.-Fr-Heb.) for Mayhew, q.v". (Celt.) Bel. to Mayo = the Plain of the Yews [Ir. Magh-ed] MAYOR, v. Mayer. MAYSON, May's Son : v. May. Cp, Mason'. MEACHEN, MEAGHIN [v. Mao Meeohan. MEGHAN I MEAGHER I Sneak, Petty Thief [E.M.E, MEECHEr] muchare, later mycher, micher] M EACOCK (Eng.) Effeminate Man,Coward, Milksop [prob. f. O.E. mckg, woman, ' maiden ; with the E. pet suff. -cock] Shee found fault with him because he was a meacocke and a milkesoppe.^- Tarhon, Newes out of Purgatorie, A.D. 1590. Cp. Maycock. MEAD \ (Eng.) Dweller at a Meadow [O.E. MEADE J meed'] Robert atte Mede.— Pari. Writs. MEADER (Eng.) i = Mead (q.v.)-l-the agent, suff. -er. 2 Mower ' [O.E. mm^ere] The meader walks forth with his scythe on his shoulder. — Old Ballad, Notes and Q., 1854, X.480 MEADOWS (Eng.) Dweller at the Grass- Lands [O.E. moedwe, dat. of meed, a meadow] MEADS (Eng.) pi, or genit., of Mead, q.v. MEAGER (Eng. or A.-Fr.-Lat.) Lean, Thin, Meagre [M.E. megre, O.Fr. maigre, Lat. macer, lean : cp. O.E. mceger= O.N. magr= Ger. mager, lean] Hugh le Megre. — Pari. Writs. I am megre and have ben longe seke [sick]. — Morte d' Arthur, X. Ixxxvii. (Celt.) for Meagher = Maher, q.v. MEAGh . V. Maher. of French orig.] MEEARS 3HER1 , MEAKER J MEAKIN I for Makin, q.v. 2 for Mac Meakin, &c. 3 =?Meek(e (q.v.) -f- the dim. suff. -kin. MEAkIns^} ^^eakin's (Son) : v. Meakin. MEAL (Celt.) Dweller at a Little Round M EALE I Hill [Gael, and Ir. meall] MEALL)(Scand.) Dweller at a Sandhill [O.N. mel-r] MEALEY, V. O'Melly or O'Malley. MEALOR, a var. of Maylor, q.v. MEAN (Celt.) Little [Ir. min = Gael, mion] MEAR (Eng.) Dweller at a Mere [O.E. mere,': a pool] ' (Celt.) Merry, Joy^ous [Gael, and Ir. ' mear] (A.-Fr.-Lat.) a form of Mayer, q.v. MEARES, MEARS tpl., orgenit., of Mear, q.v, MEEARSi Mearns 19 Mellor MEARNS (Celt.)Bel.to i Mearns (Kincardine), c. 1 200 Moerne, ace. to Sir H. Maxwell (' Scot. Land-Names', p. 58) representing Gael. Magh Girginn, ' the Plain of Cirig '. 2 Mearns (Glasgow), 12th cent. MeomSi Memis, &c.,sugfiAo represent Gael. Magh Edma, ' field of barley ' ; with Eng. pi. -4- stiff. MEATYARD = Meteyard, q.v. MECKLE = Miokle, q.v. MECREDY = Mac Creadie, q.v. MEDCALF (Eng.)? Mad or Silly Calf (nick- name for a frisky individual) [O.E. ge)mdRdd, foolish, mad + t;{e)alf] Bardsley, however, thinks that this is a corruption of the next name. MEDCRAFT (Eng.) Dweller at a Meadow- Croft [O.E. mdsd +. croft'] -MEDD = Mead, q.v. Philip atte Medde.— PaW. Writs- MEDDOWS = Meadows, q.v. MEDHURST (Eng.) Dweller at the Meadow- Wood [O.E. m^d + hyrst. a wood] MEDLAND (Eng.) Dweller at the Meadow- Land [O.E. mckd + land] ,'MEDLEY i(Eng.) Bel. to Medley = i the .' Meadow-Field [O.E. mdkd + ledh, a field] ' 2 (for Midley) the Middle Lea [O.E. midd -t- ledh] :MEDWAY (Celt.) Dweller by the R. Medway [the second element is prob. the Wei. . - , , g)'!«yt water] MEDWIN (Teut. ) the O.Teut. Madwiv, Medwin — *mdd,*med = O.E. md'S, power, reverence, etc. -|- win- [O.Sax. O.H.Ger. wini = O.E. wine = O.N. uin-r, a friend] MEE (Eng.) a var. of May, q.v. [O.E. mde{c)g] (Celt:) abbrev. of Mac Namee, q.v., or : Mac Meechan, q.v. MEECH(Eng.) a palatalized form of Meek(e, q.v. (A.-Fr.-Lat.) perh. meton. for Maker or Seller of Wick [A.-Fr wi^cfe, Er. meche. Lat. myx-us, wick] MEEHAN, V. Mac Meehan. MEEK j Mild, Humble [M.E. meke, meoc, MEEKES O.N. »;j«A-r, soft, meek] Robert le Meke.— Ca/, Inq. P.M. MEEKI MEEKI j^ jfor Meakin, q.v. MEEKS, Meek's (Son) : v. Meek. 1 = M6ap(e)s, q.v. JRNE] (Eng.) Bel. to Melbourne = ?N 1 (prob.) the Mill - Brook MEERES MEERS MEES, MEE's(Son)\ MEESON, Mee's Son j^' ""®^' MEGGS, Meg(g)'s (Son) ^ Megg, a var. MEGGSONT MFrM'q Son \ "^ ^'^Sg ■ v. MEGSON I ™^°(°' ^ ^™ ) Maggs MEGGY, a double dim. oi Margaret : v. Maggs , MEGILLfor Mao Gill, q.v. MEGINN for Mac Ginn, q.v. MEHEW = Mayhewt q.v. MEIKLE = Mickle, q.v. MEIKLEJOHN = Micklejohn, q.v. MELBOUF MELBURN [O.E. myln + burne] Lord Melbourne, aft-er whom the capital of Victoria was called, took his title from the Derbyshire Melbourne. MELDON (Eng.) Bel. to Meldon = (prob. ) the MlLL-HiLL [O.E. myln, a mill + diin, a down, hill] (Ir.) for Muldoon, q.v. MELDRUM (Celt.) Dweller by the Bare Ridge [Gael, tnael, maol, bald, bare -1- druim, a ridge] MELHUISH (Eng.) Bel. to Melhuish = (prob.) the MiLL-HuiSH [O.E. myln, a mill, : v. Huish] MELLADEW (Eng.) Honeydew, Nectar [O.E. mele-dedw] MELLERfor Miller, q.v. MELLIN for Malin, q.v., and Melling, q.v. M E LLI N G (Eng.) Bel. to Melling = (the Settle- men t of) the M/EL- Tribe [Domesday Melinge ; A.-Sax. * Mi^lingas — mdsl, a SWORD, also talk, speech -I- the pi. (dat. pi. -ing-um) of the fil. suff. -ing] M ELLIS (Celt. + Heb.) Servant or Disciple OF Jesus , [Gael. Mael losa] MELLISH (Celt. -|- Heb.) v. Mellls, (Eng.) an assim. form of Melhuish, q.v. MELLOR (Eng.) i for Miller, q.v. 2 Bel. to Mellor = ? the Mill-Bank [M.E. melle, O.E. myln, a mill ; O.E. dra, a bank] Mellville 20 Merridoch MELLVILLE) (Fr.-Lat.) Bel. to Malleville in MELVILL [ Normandy = the Bad Estate MELVILLE 1 [Fr. malle, Lat. mala, bad +' Fr. ville, Lat. villa, estate] A de Malleville occurs in the list of "Compagnons de Guillaume ala Conqu6te de I'Angleterre en MLXVI " graven over the main doorway (inside) of the old church at Dives, Calvados. But Lord Melville took his title from Melville in Midlothian, the fief of a Norman in the time of David I, which in the thirteenth century we find as Malavilla. MELLY, V. O'Melly. MELONE = Malone, q.v. MELROSE (Celt.) Bel. to Melrose = the Bare Peninsula or Headland [Gael, maol, bare + ros] MELSON, app. Male's Son : v. Male. MELTON (Eng.) Bel. to Melton for Milton = 1 the Mill-Stead [O.E. myln + tun] 2 the Middle Farm [O.E. middel+tun\ MENCE (Teut.-Lat.) a dim. of Lat. Clemens' V. Clement. MENDEL Iv. the Appendix of Foreign MENDELLJ Names. MEN DOZA.v. the Appendix of Foreign Names. MENLOVE for Manlove, q.v. MENNELL (Fr.-Lat.) Member of a Nobleman's Household or Retinue ; a Retainer [O.Fr. mesnil, L.Lat. mansionilis, dim. of Lat. mansio, -onis, an abode, habitation] Mesnil 6tait originairement le nom que r on donnait au domaine rural d' un per- sonnage notable, et sur lequel il rSsidait habituellement avec sa famille et ses tenanciers. — Moisy, Noms de Fam. Norm., p. 322. Cp. Mennle. MENNIE (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Member of a Noble- man's Household or Retinue ; a Re- tainer [M.E. meynee, meiny, menye, a household, retinue ; O.F. meisnee, mesnie, etc., a family; L.Lat. maisnada, mansnada, a family ; f. Lat. mansio, -onis, an abode, , habitation] Sir Myrthe cometh into this place, And eke with hym cometh his meynee. That lyven in lust and jolite. — Chancer, Rom. of the Rose, 6i4r6. Cp. Mennell. MENTEITH (Celt.) Bel. to Menteith = the Moor of the (River) Teith [Gael. Monadh Teid]' MENZIES, Scot, (genit.) form of Mennle, q.v. Before all the menzie, and in her moment of power, the Queen humbled lier to the dust by taxing her with her shame. — Scott, The Abbot, XXXL The e in this name represents the M.E. 3 = y. MERCER (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Storekeeper; Haber- dasher, Draper [M.E. mercer, Fr. mercieti L.Lat. mercerius, trader ; Lat. merx, mercis, merchandise}, Ketel le Mercer.— if M«i. Rolls. MEREDITH (Celt.) the O.Welsh Maredud{d {dd=th [ ? the Mod. VVel. marmddydd,', ' mortal day ' — marw, mortal ; dydd, day] ; Maredud ap Ywein. — '' [Meredith son of Owain] Bruty Tywysogion, A.D. 985. Maredud ab Grufud. — [Meredith son of Griffith] do. do. A.D. 1270. Madawc the son oi Mareduddpoasesse&ii Powys within its boundaries, from Por- foed to Gwauan in the uplands of Arwystli. — 'The Dream of Rhonabwy:' Mdbinogion, tr. Guest. MERISON "1 1 Merry's Son : v. Merry. MERRISON J 2 Merrick's Son: v. Merrick. 3 Mary's Son. MERRELLj the French Merel, Meriel [the MERRILL J stem may be the O.Teut. *»!^r-,; tamous (Goth, m^r-s = O.H.Ger. mdri— M.H.Ger. mcere—= O.E. mcere); or the O.H.Ger. meri (mod. meer) = O.Sax. meri = O.E. mere,.sea., ocean; or Celtic, — |- the dim. suff. -el, Lat. -ell-us] MERRET [the French A/er^f [the stem is MERRETT ) the sameas in Merrell (q.v.) + the dim. sufi. -et] MERRICK, an aphseresized form of Almeric, q.v. MERRICKS, Merrick's (Son) :v. Merrick. MERRIDEW, prob. for the French M^re de Dieu, from dwelling by an effigy of the ' Mother of God.' Cp. Pardew for the Fr. Pardieu. Hardly for Meredith. MERRIDOCH = Murdoch, q.v. 21 Merriman Meyler MERRIMAN \ (Eng.) GAyFELLow[v. Merry, MERRYMAN J and + man] MlRmTTJf- "««•"•-*(*' q.v. MERRY (Eng.) Gay, Blithe, Pleasant [M.E. merie, mine, &c., O.E. myrige] (A.-Fr.-Teut.) the French Mer(r)y, L.Lat. Medericus, O.Teut. Medric [v. under Med win, and + O.Teut. -n'c (mod. -rich), ruler] MERRYWEATHER (Eng.) a nickname for a Gay or Blithe Fellow [v. Merry, and + O.E. weder, weather] Andrew Meriweder. — Hund. Rolls. Merryweather was formerly an idiomatic phrase for joy, pleasure, or delight. — Halliwell, Diet. MERSER = Mercer, q.v. MERSH = Marsh, q.v. MERTON (Eng.) Bel. to Merton = the Mere- Farmstead [O.E mere, a pool + frfw] MERYETT, the French MMet: v. Merret(t. MERYON, the French Marion: v. under Merrell and + the dim. suff. -on. MESH AM ] (Eng.) Bel. to Mesham or Mas- MESSHAM J ham = prob. M.«:(c)g's Home or Estate [genit. of O.E. mde{c)g, man, warrior, son + hdm\ MESKELL = Mascall, q.v. MESNY r ^''^"'^^ forms of Mennie, q.v. MESSENGER 1 (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Message-Bear- MESSINQER J ERiFoRERUNNERfwithintrus. » : M.E. and Fr. messager; f. Fri message, L.Lat. missaticum, message ; Lat. missus, p.p. of mittere, to send] MESSENT, app. the mod. French messeant, 'unseemly,' unbecoming' [Fr. »?«-, Lat. minus, compar. oi parvus, little +,a deriv. of Lat. sedere, to sit] MESSER (A.-Fr.-Lat.) i Master, Sir, Squire \0.7x.messerioTmessire — mes,'Ls.t. metis, my -|- sire, Lat. senior'] Messer, vieux mot pour messire: La Fontaine I'afr^quemment appliqu6 k des animeaux, et mSme a I'estomac, qu'il a appe]6 messer Gaster- — Stappers, Diet. d'Etym. Fratif., p. 606. 2 Field- Keeper, Harvestman [Fr. messier, L.Lat. messarius ; f. Lat. messis, harvest : cp. Lat. messor, a reaper, mower] John le Messer. — Hund. Rolls. 3 a (Scot.) var. of Macer = Mace- Bearer [O.Fr. maissier, massier] Ane messer or uthir officiar of armes. — " Reg. Pr. CclScot, A.D. 1550. 4 Purveyor (esp. of meat) [f. M.E. messe, O.Fr. mes (mod. mets), a dish o f meat ; ult. t. Lat. mittere, missum, to send] In the iSth cent. Messers and Salters are mentioned together. METCALF METCALFE for Medcalf, q.v. METEYARD (Eng.) meton. for a Surveyor [M.E. mete-yard, a measuring rod — O.E, metan, to measure ; gyrd, gerd, rod] METHUEN \ (Celt.) Bel. to Methven (Perth), METHVEN j i^th cent. Methphen [the second element is prob. the Gael, abhuinn (pr. aven), river (Almond); the first is doubtful, perh. Gael, maoth, smooth] Methven is also the name of a tributary of the Clyde. MEW (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Dweller at the Falcons', or the Fowls', Place [M.E. meviie, mew ; O.Fr. mue, a mew, a moulting ; O.Fr. muer, Lat. mutare, to change] Ful many a fat partrich hadde he in mewe. — Chaucer, Cant. Tales, A 349. She findes forth comming from her darksome mew, Where she all day did hide her hated hew. — Spenser, Faerie Queene, Lv. 20. (Eng.) a nickname from the Goix [O.E. mdzw, a sea-gull] John le Mew. — Close Rolls, A.D. 1292. MEWS, pi., or genit., of Mew, q.v. !^|:^,}v.May(e. MEYLER (Celt.) i a var. of Mayler, q.v. 2 a Welsh surname of app. mixed origin [cp. O.Wel. meiliwr, a transgressor; Wei. maeliwr, a trader ; also Wei. milwr, a soldier] Milwyr Ynys Prydein. — ' Kulhwch ac Olwen': Mabinogion. Gronw a Ridit a Meilyr meibon Owein ab Edwin. — [Goronwy, Rhirid, and Meilyr, the sons of Owain son of Edwin] Bruty Tywysogion, A.D. 1122. 22 Meynell Miles Metier et Ivor. — Annates Canibrite, A.D. 1170. Nicholas ap Meyler, A.D. 1222. — Hist. St. David's. MEYNELL, V. Menneil. MEYNPRICE for Mainprise, q.v. And he amendes mowe [may] make, Lat [let] meynprise hym have. — Piers Plowman, 2257-8. MEYRICK, V. Merrick. MIALL, a syncopated form of Michaei, q.v. MICHAEL (A.-Heb.) Who is Like to God ? [Heb. Mikhail -mi, who? + k,' like + ■El, God] MICHAELS, Michael's (Son) "I . ^.. i, , MICHAELSON, MiCHAEL'sSoN / ^- IVlichael. MICHEL IMcAe/isthe A.-French form of MICHELLJ Michael, q.v. Walter Michel.— /fM«rf. Rolls. MICHELS, Michel's (Son) : V. Michel. MICHIE, a Scot, double dim. of IVIJchael, q.v. MICHOLS = Michaels, q.v. MICKELl (Eng. and Scand.) Big, Great MICKLE f [O.E. micel = O.N. mikilf] For the eldridge knighte, so mickle of mighte. — Sir Cauline, 63. MICKLEJOHN (Teut.-Heb.) Big John [O.E. micel = O.N. mikill, big + John, q.v.] M ICKLEM for Mickleham (Eng.) Dweller at the Big Enclosure [O.E. jB!c?;, big + ham{m, apiece of land, enclosure] The Surrey Mickleham occurs in Domesday Book as Micleham. MICKLEWRIGHT (Eng.) the Big Wright (Worker) [O.E. micel + wyrkta] MICKLETHWAIT ] (Scand.) Bel. to Mickle- MICKLETHWAITE/thwaite (Yorks, Cumb.) = the Big Clearing [O.N. mikill, big + yueit, a clearing] MIDDLEHURST (Eng.) Bel. to Middlehurst = the Middle Copse or Wood [O.E. middel + hyrsi\ MIDDLEMASS ] for Michaelmas (Eng.) One MIDDLEMISS J born on 29TH September [M.E. michelmesse, mighelmesse, &c. : v. Michael and + O.E. meesse'] MIDDLETON (Eng.) Bel. to Middleton = the Middle Farmstead [O.E. middel + tun'\ MIDDLEWICK \ (Eng.) Dweller at the MlD- MIDDLEWEEK/dle Place [O.E. middel + OTC] MIDGLEY] (Eng.) Dweller at the Big Lea MIDGLY J [O.E. micel + leak (M.E. ley"] This is the palatal form of the equiva- lent guttural Mickley. MIDWINTER (Eng.) born at Christmas [M.E. midewinter, midewynter, Christmas ; O.E. mid-winter\ Gonnilda Midewynter. — Hund. Rolls. MIELL, a syncopated form of Michael, q.v. MIER, V. Meyer. MIGHELL M MILBANK 1 (Eng.) Dweller at the Mill- MILLBANK J Bank [M.E. mille + banke] IGHkIl'}^^''®' °^ IVIiohael, q.v. MILBORN MILBOURN MILBOURNE MILBURN (Eng.) Dweller by the Mill- Stream [O.E. myl{e)n + burne] MILDMAY(Eng.) Mild Maid (a nickname) [M.E. mild(e, O.E. milde, gentle, mild + , M.E. may, O.E. mckgQ-] MILDRED (Eng.) i Mild Counsel [A.Sax. Mildred (masc.) — milde, mild -|- rdkd, counsel] Her Mildred bisceop forSferde. (In this year Bishop Mildred [of Wor- cester] died). — A.-Sax. Chron-, A.D. 772. 2 Mild Strength [used for the A.-Sax. Mild]>ry\> (iem.) — milde + J'ryl'] Saint Mildred or Mildthryth was, abbess of a nunnery at Minster in the Isle of Thanet at the end of the 7th century. MILES I f. the classical Milo, with the Eng. genit. -5 suffix. [Lat. Milo{n, Gr. M(Xu»; prob. rel. to Gr. fiiSWa, to mill, crush] Milo occurs in Domesday Book as the name of a Norman landholder ; and afterwards we find Milo le Mssset.— Hund. Rolls. Milo Basset. — Plac. de quo Warr. 2 the Latin Miles (= Soldier), used in the Middle Ages as a title. Ego Godricus miles. — Chart. Edw. Conf., A.D. 1066. Mileson 23 Milman Wychard miles.^Hund. Rolls. • • . a good knyght : his name was ' Mylis. — Morte d' Arthur, I. xxi. 3 adopted as an Eng. representative of the Irish Maelmordha = Noble Disciple [Ir. mael, maol, disciple + mordha, noble] MILESON, Miles' Son : v. Miles. MILFORD (Eng.) Bel. to Milford = the Ford by the Mill [v. under Mill, and + O.E. ford] Adam de Milford.— i/wwrf. Rolls. MILL (Eng.) Dweller at or by a Mill [M.E. mill{e, for earlier miln{e, melnCe, myln{e, O.t. myl{e)n\ Roger atte MiWe.—Hund. Rolls. _ (Fr.),the French Mille = i an aphrere- sized form oiEmile, formerly also written > Emille ; Lat. Mmili-us [prob. rel. to Gr. aifjiiX-os, flattering, winning, wily] 2 Milo : V. iinder Miles. MILLAN IV. Mac Millan. 2 the French Millan (also Milhan), an abbrev. form of Emilian (Emilien), the Latin Mmilian-us, t. JEmili-us: v. Mill (Fr.) MILLAR for Millen, q.v. MILLARD (Fr.) Jhe French Mille (v. Mill (Fr.) + the dim. suff. -ard [Teut. hard] (Eng.) an assim. form of Mil I ward, q.v. MILLBANK (Ens;.) Dweller at the Mill-Bank [v. under Mill and Bank] M|LLBOURN(E (Eng.) Dweller at the Mill- Stream [O.E. myl{e)n + bume] MILLEN 1 I a var. of Millan, q.v. MILLIN ) 2 an Anglicization of the German Miihlen (Mills) MILLER (Eng.) Corn-Grinder [M.E. millere, mellere, for earlier milner(e, mylner(e; f. O.E. myl{e)n, a mill] See Milner. MILLERSON, (the) Miller's Son. JJj!-!-^!]^ Vthe French Mille (v. Mill (Fr.) f M I LLOT J '"'^ ^''"- ^^^- '^'' ■"'■ Roger MiWot—Hund. Rolls. MILLHOUSE (Eng.) Dweller at the Mill- House [O.E. myl{e)n -1- hiis] MILLICAN ) (Celt.) for the Irish 0'Maoil{e)a- MILLIGAN cdin, 0'Maoil{e)agdin, Grandson MILLIKEN or Descendant of Maolacan, MILLIKIN '' MAOLAGAN = the Little Bald or Shaven One, Monk, Disciple [Ir. maol, bald, &c. -|- the double dim. suff. -ac-dn, (for -oc-dn,) -ag-dn (for -6g-dn] MILLICENT (A.-Fr.-Lat.) the common I^'rench Milcent, Milsent, Milsant = Thousand Saints [Lat. de Mille Sanctis] , Cp. Toussaint ( All Saints ), also a common French surname and masc. christian name, and a Norman (Seine- Infgrieure) place-name. The A.-Fr. fern, christian name Milli- ce»f (which, has been confused with the above masc. name), earlier Melicent, Melisant, is app. for the O.Teut. Amala- swinth [amal{ao{ uncertain orig. .swintfi, strong, as in Goth. smin]>-s = O.H.Ger. -swind = O.-Sax. swi^i = A.-Sax. swtS] MILLINER for Milner, q.v. MILLINGTON (Eng.) Bel. to MiUington = i the Estate of the Mil(l)- Family [A.-Sax. *Mil(J)inga-tun-inga, genit pi. of the fil. suff. -ing ; tiin, estate, farmstead, &c.] 2 the Mill Enclosure or Farmstead ^ [O.E. mylen + ttin] The Cheshire MiUington occurs in the 14th cent, as Mulynton. MILLMAN (Eng.) the Mill-Man; Miller [O.E. myl(e)n + man(n] MILLMOREl (Celt.) Dwellers at the W MILMORE /Hill [Gael, meall, a hill -j- mdr, big} MILLN MILLNE [ = Milne, q.v. MILLNER = Milner, q.v. MILLNS = Milnes, q.v. MILLROY, V. Milroy, MILLS (Eng.) i One living at or by Corn- Mills. 2 Mill's (Son) : v. Mill. MILLSON, Mill's SoN : v. Mill. MILLWARD, V. Mllward. MILMAN (Eng.) the Mill-Man; Miller [O.E. myl(e)n + man{n'\ Milne 24 Minter MILNE (Eng.) One living at or by a Corn- Mill [M.E. miln(e, metn{e, myln{e, O.K. myl{e)n, a mill] Thomas atte Milne. — Cal. Inq. P.M. John atte Melne. — Hund. Rolls. As don [do] these rokkes or these milne stones. — Chaucer, Trail. & Cris., ii. 1384. MILNER (Eng.) Corn-Miller : v. Miller. Alan le Milner.— Cal. Rot. Orig. William le Melner — Pari. Writs. Munde the mylnere. — Piers Plowman, iii. 113. This name = the French Meunier [O.Fr. molinier'lfGerma.n MuUer [O.H.Ger. mulindri], all being ultimately from Latin mola, a mill. milnI^I P'- ^""^ s^°''- °^ '^""^' I-'- MILROY(Celt.) their. O'Maoilruaidh, Descen- dant as Maolruadh = the Red Disciple [maol, shaven one, monk, disciple -h ruadh, red] MILSOM for Milson = Mlllson, q.v. MILSON = Mlllson, q.v. ' MILSTED (Eng.) Bel. to Milsted = i the Mill-Stead [O.E. myl{e)n -f stede, a place] 2 the Middle Stead [O.E. middet] MILTHORP(E (Eng. or Scand.) Bel. to Milthorpe, Milnthorpe = the Mill- Village [O.E. mylen = 0.1^. mylna, mill -|- O.E. and O.N. ^orp\ MILTON (Eng.) Bel. to Milton = i the Mill Enclosure or Farmstead [O.E. myl{e)n -f to'«] Milton, Kent, was Mylentun in A.D. 822. 2 the Middle Enclosure or Farm- stead [O.E. middel] Milton Abbas was formerly Middleton; and Great Milton, Oxon, occurs in Domesday Book as Midelton. MILWARD (EngJ Mill-Keeper, Miller [M.E. millie, O.E. myl{e)n + M.E. ward, O.E. w{e)ard, keeper] Robert le Milleward.— /fwwd. Rolls. MINCH (A.-Lat.)NuN [M.E. minch, a nun: v. Minchin] M INCH EN ER 1 Anglicized forms of the Ger- MINCHINER J man Miinchener, = One From Munchen [v. Mlnohln^] MINCHIN 1 (A.-Lat.) Nun [M.E. minchin for MINCHEN J »2z«cfe«, O.E. mynecen, 3^ n\in; O.E. munuc, Lat. monach-us, a monk] (Ger.-Lat.) One from Munchen (Mun- ich), I ith,cent. Munichen [a dat. pi. form f. O.H.Ger. muni{K)h [(Lat. monach-us), a monk] MINETT1 the French Minet, = i an abbrev. M IN ITT /of Guilleminet, a double dim. f. Guillaume, Teut. Wilhelm: v. William. 2 a dim. i. the O.Teut. name-element Minn- : v. Minn' [Fr. dim. suif. -et\ MINISTER (A.-Lat.) i the Latin minister, 'servant,' 'attendant,' 'assistant,' was usually adopted as a designation by the thanes who witnessed Anglo - Saxon charters, as ' Ego .iElfwine minister' ; hence we find it as an agnomen in the 13th-century Hundred Rolls, as 'Haldanus minister.' 2 for Minster, q.v. MINN I the O.Teut. personal name Min{n)a [O.Sax. minn{i)a = O.H. Ger. minna = O.E. myne, love, orig. memory, memorial, as in O.N. minne] 2 V. MacMinn. 3 for Milne, q.v MINNS, Minn's (Son) \ MIN(N)SON, Minn's Son ] ' Minn. MINSHALL \ (Eng.) Bel. to MinshuU, Cheshire MINSHULL/[the 14th cent, form Mynshull seems to point to the M.E. hul(l, O.E. hyll, a hill ; but a deed of the I2tli cent, has Munsculf, sculf representing O.E. scylfe, a shelf or ledge (of land), Mun- app. being for O.E. munuc, Lat. monach-us, monk, as the church at Church MinshuU "was served by monks from Combermere Abbey"] Church MinshuU was so called in order to distinguish it from the adjoining MinshuU- Veruon, which owes its second name to the ancient lords of the manor, the Vernons. MINSTER (A.-Lat.) i Dweller at a Minster [O.E. mynster, Lat. monasterium\ 2 for Minister, q.v. MINTER (A.-Lat.) (legal) Coiner; Money- lender, Banker [M.E. myneter, O.E. mynetere, minter, money-changer ; f. Lat. moneta, mint, money] Ralph le Myneter.— AfM«. Gildh. Land. Minton 25 Mold MINTON (Eng.) Bel. to Minton (Salop), 13th cent. Mineton [the first element is either for O.E. mynet, coinage, or the A.-Sax. pers. name Min{n)a (v. Minn) + M.E -ton = O.E. tun, enclosure, dwelling] MIRFIELD (Scand. + Eng.) Bel. to Mirfield (Yorks), 14th cent. Mirfeld = the Bog- Field [M.E. mir, mire, O.N. myrr (whence Dan. myr), a bog + M.E. O.E./«Zd] MISON 1 (Eng.) I Bel. to Misson (Notts) MISSON J [perh. an assim. shortened form of Misterton, which is found in the same wapentake of Bassetlaw] 2 abbrev. of Misterton, q.v. MISTERTON (Eng.) Bel. to Misterton (Notts, Leic, Soms.) = the Master's Dwelling [M.E. mister, maister, O.E. nimgester, master, teacher ; Lat. magister (m(a)ister is also f. O.Fr. maistre, mod. maitre'] MITCHAM \ (Eng.) Bel. to Mitcham (Surrey), MITCHEM J anc. Michelhani = the Big En- closure or Piece of Land [O.E. mic-el, big + ham(m] MITCHELL ( A.-Heb. ) a palatal form of Michael, q.v. (Eng.) a palatal form of Mickie, q.v. Roger Michel— Hund. Rolls. MITCHELSON, MITCHELL'S Son : v. Mitchell. MITGHENER 1 for MInchenep, Minchinep, MITCHINER J q.v. MITCHESON 1 I for Mitchelson, q.v. MITCHISON J 2 for Mitchinson, q.v. MITCHIN, the French Michin, a double dim. oi Michel = Michael, q.v. MITCHINSON, Mitchin's Son : v. Mitchin. MITFORD (Eng.) Bel. to Mitford (Northumb.), 13th cent. Mitford = the Confluence- Ford [O.E. ge)my\e, a confluence -^ ford\ Mitford is at the junction of the rivers Wansbeck and Font. MITTON (Eng.) Bel. to Mitton = the Con- fluence-Farmstead [O.E. ge)my\e, a confluence + tun\ Mitton, Wore, occurs in a loth-cent. Latin charter as Myttun, and is near the junction of the Stour with the Severn. Mitton, Yorks, at the confluence of the Rivers Hodder and Ribble, was form. Mytton. Little Mitton, Lanes, is at the meet of the Calder and the Ribble. MIZEN MIZON MOAR = MOBBERLEYl MOBERLEY MOBERLY [v. MIson. = MoIp, q.v. \ — Mugg(e)ridge, q.v. (Eng.) Bel. to Mobberley (Chesh.), anc. Modburlegh = J (the Lady) Modburh's Lea [A.-Sax. Modburh (genit. Modburge)-mdd, mind, courage (mood) ; hurh (f.), strong- hold + ledh, lea] MOBBS, a var. of Mabbs, q.v. MOCKRIDGE = Mugg(e) ridge, q.v. MODY = Moody, q.v. And so Cometh Dobest aboute - And bringeth a-doun Modi- — Piers Plowman, X. 212. MOFFAT \ (Celt.) Bel. to Moffat (S.Scot.), MOFFATT 13th cent. Moffete [its situation is MOFFETT [-said to rnake probable the MOFFIT I etymology of Gael, magh, a plain MOFFITT ; + fada, long] MOGFORD = Mugford, q.v. MOGG \ I for Magg: v. Maggs. MOGGE J 2 for Mogue, q.v. MOGGRIDGE MOGRIDGE MOGHAN I (Celt.) I Little Man, Labourer, MOHAN \ Slave [Ir. mogh, man, &c. + the MOHEN J dim. suff. -dn\ 2 for Mahon, q.v. MOGUE (Celt.) My Little Aedh = Ardour \0.\\. Maedhog for Mo-Aedh-og— mo, my + aedh (dh mute), ardour, fire -f the dim. suff. -dg] There were several saints called Maedhog, of whom the most celebrated was Maedhog, first bishop of Ferns > in Wexford, who died A.D. 625. — Joyce, Irish Names, ii. 30. In Wexford Mo-aedh-og is common; but the Catholics make it Mogue and the Protestants Moses! (Joyce) MOIR (Celt.) Big, Great [Gael, (and Ir.) mdr = Wei. mawr] In Aberdeen this name is pronounced Mare. MOLD (A.-Fr.-Teut.) a contr. form of Matilda : v. Malkin. King Wi 11am adde ispoused, as God yet [gave] that cas, The erles doghter of Flaundres, Mold hire name was. — Rob. Glouc. Chron. (Wm Conq.), 295-6. 26 Mole Monktnon (A.-FF.-LatJ Bel. to Mold, form. Moald, a corr. of Fr. Montalt = the High (Castle) Mount [Lat. mons, mont-is, a mount + alt-US, high] In mediaeval (Latin) documents the founder of the famous Norman castle at this place was called de Monte Alto. Cp. Mowat(t. MOLE (Eng.) i a nickname {a) from the animal [M.E. molle = L.Ger. mull] (b) from being marked with a mole [M.E. »zofe, O.E.ma'?, a spot] 2 the A.-Sax. male pers. name Mole-, Moll. (Celt.) Bald [Wei. moel = Gael, and Ir. maol] (Eng. or Celt.) Dweller by the River Mole. (A.-Fr.-Teut.) prob. also, like Mold and Motile, a form oi Matilda : v. Malkin. MOLES, genit., and pi., of Mole, q.v. MOLESWORTH (Eng.) Bel. to Molesworth ( Hunts ), 13th cent. Molesworth{e = Mole's Estate [O.E. war's] MOLINEAUX-j(A.-Fr.-Lat.) Bel. to Molin- MOLINEUX leaux (Normandy) = the MOLINEUS [Little Mills [O.Fr. molinel, MOLYNEUX I a dim. f. L.Lat. molin-us, Lat. molina, a mill] Adam de Molyneus. — Testa de Nevill. MOLL (A.-Heb. and Teut.) a dim. of Maty; also (Mall) oi Matilda : v. Malkin. (Eng.) an A.-Sax. male name borne e.g. by an eighth-century Northumbrian king— Moll ofsleh [killed] Oswine.— A.-Sax. Chron., A.D. 761. MOLLER, an Anglicized form of the Dan.- Norvir. Moller = Miller. MOLLET 1 = Moll (q.v.) -|- the Fr. dim. MOLLETT J sufif. -et. MOLLIS, Molly's (Son) ] Molly, adouhle MOLLISON 1 Molly's Son [ ^im. of Mary ; MOLLESON / J a\so of Matilda: V. Malkin. MOLLOCK = Mullock, q.v. MOLLOY (Celt.) Servant or Disciple of THE Noble or Good [Ir. Maolmhuaidh or Maelmhuaidh {mh, dh mute) --maol or mael, servant, disciple + the genit. of muadh, noble, good] MOLONEY! .«' i^„<.„ r, „ MOLONY I = Maloney, q.v. MONACHAN ] (Celt.) Monk [Ir. and Gael, MONAGHAN \manach, a monk + the dim. MONAHAN J suff. -dn\ MONCKTON (Eng.) Bel. to Monckton, Monk- ton = the Monk's or Monks' Farm or Estate [O.E. munuc, a monk ; tiin, farm, &c.] Monkton, Kent occurs as Munccetun in a Latin charter of A.D. 961. Monkton, Durham, belonged to the monks of Jarrow. ■ At Monkton-Farleigh, Wilts, there are ' the ruins of a Cluniac conveiit. MONCRIEFF (Celt.) Bel. to Moncrieff (Perth- shire), nth cent. Monidcroib = the Hill OF the Trees [Gael, monadh, a hill, moor ; craoibh, genit. pi. oi craobh, a tree] A large portion of the hill is in a good state of cultivation, and its heights are richly wooded. — Nat. Gas. MONDAY (Eng.) a pers. name and nickname from the day [O.E. mSnandag, m., day ot the moon] (Fr.-Teut.) the French Mondy, a dim. form oi Raimond [v. Raymond] MONEY (Fr.) Bel. to Monnai (Orne), France [prob. Fr. monnaie,.'Lat. moneta, a mint] MONEYPENNY (Eng.) app. for Manypenny, prob. a nickname for a well-to-do person [M.E. moni, mony, mani, O.E. monig, manig, many -f- M.E. petti, O.E. petii{n)g, a penny] Herbert Manipeni. — Hund. Rolls. Richard Monypeny. — do. MONGER (Eng.) Dealer, Trader [O.E. mangere] MONIER 1 (A.-Fr.-Lat.) i Moneyer, Ban- MONNIERJKER, (Legal) Coiner [M.E. mon(ti)ier (Fr. motitiayeur) ; f. M.E. O.Fr. motieie (Fr. monnaie), money ; Lat. tnotieta, a mint, money] John le Monnier.— il^MM. Gildh. Lotid. 2 for the French Meutiier = Miller [O.Fr. meultiier, Lat. molinari-us] MONIGAN lf„, ,, MONIGHAN j ^""^ Monaghan, q.v. MONKHOUSE (Eng.) Dweller at or by the Monk's or Monks' House [O.E. mutiiu: (Lat. mottach-us), a monk ; Ms, a house] MONKMANUhe Monk's Man (-Servant) MONKMONJ [E. monk = Dan.-Norw. munk] Johannes Munkman. — Yorks Poll-Tax, A.D. 1379. Monks 27 Moran MONKS, the Monk's (Son) [O.E. munuc (Lat. monach-us), a monk] MONKTON (Eng.) Bel. to Monkton = the Monk's or Monks' Farmstead or Estate [v. Monckton] MONRO \ (Celt.) Dweller at a Red Morass MONROE J [Gael. »!0i««, a morass + ruadh (rfAimute), red] MONSON I = Manson, q.v. 2 for Monk's Son. MONTAGU 1 (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Bel. to Montaigu Montague] (Normandy) = the Peaked Hill [Fr. mont, Lat. mons, mont-is, a hill + Fr. aigu, Lat. acut-us, pointed] This name was Latinized in mediaeval documents de Monte Acuta. There are a Montaigu and a Montaigu- les-Bois in the Manche Dept. MONTEFIORE (ital. Flower-Hill) : v. the Appendix of Foreign Names MONTEITH (Celt.) Bel. to Monteith (Perth- shire) = the Moor of the River Teith [Gael, monadh, a moor] MONTFORTl (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Bel. to Montfort MONTFORD J ( France ) = the Strong (Fortified) Hill [Fr. mont, Lat. mons, mont-is, a hill -|- Fr. fort, Lat. fort-is, strong] There is a Montfort-sur-Risle in the Eufe Dept. MONTGOMERY (A.-Fr.-Lat. -f- ? Teut.) Bel. to Montgomery = the (Castle-) Hill of GOMERIC. The Welsh town Of Montgomery — formerly called by the Welsh Tre- Faldwyn, or ' Baldwin's (6 mutated to /) Place', from a lord of the marches temp. . William L — rose around the castle which was recaptured from the Welsh by Roger de Montgomeri (Je Monte Gomerico), so called from his Norman estate. Comte de Montgomery. — Paris Directory. MOODIE 1 (Eng.) Spirited, Brave, Proud; MOODY J later, Morose, Gloomy [M.E. mody,0.'E,. mddig\ See Mody. MOON (Eng.) a name derived from a trade or armorial sign [O.E. mdnal Cp. the corresponding German Mond. (Fr.) Bel. to IVloon, Mohun or Mohon (France). There is a Moon in the Manche Dept. (Normandy) ; and there is a Mohon in the Ardennes Dept. and in the Morbihau Dept. MOONEY (Celt.) Hero [Ir. Maonach-maon, a hero + the pers. suff. -acn\ MOOR \ (Eng.) Dweller at a Moor [M.E. MOORE ] mor{e, moore, O.E. »irfr, a moor] John atte Mor. — Hund. Rolls. Jordan de la Mor. — do. Adam del More. — Pari. Writs. Away then hyed the heire of Linne Oer hill and holt, and moore and fenn-e. — 'TheHeirof Lynne': Percy's Reliques. (A.-Fr.-Lat.-Gr.) Moor (Native of N. Africa) ; of Dark Complexion [Fr.More, Maure, Lat. Maur-us, Gr. MaO/j-os, a Moor] Robert le Move..— Close Rolls. John le Moor. — Plac. de Quo Warr. (Celt.) 1 Big [Ir. and Gael. mdr'\ 2 Noble [Ir. Mordha (dh mute] MOORCOCK I a nickname from the bird [O.E. mor -f cocc] 2 = Moor (A.-Fr.-Lat.-Gr.), q,v. -|- the E. pet suff. -cock. MOORCRAFT,aNorthernformof MooPOPoft, q.v. MOORCROFT \ ( Eng. ) Dweller at the MOORECROFT J Moor-Croft [O.E. mor, a moor -f croft, a small field] MOORES) MOORSE [Moor(e)'s (Son) : v. Moor(e MOORS ' MOORHEf D (Eng.) Dweller at the Head of THE Moor [OiE. mor + hedfod, heiid, upper part] MOORHOUSE (Eng.) Dweller at the House ON THE Moor [O.E. m6r + hus] MOORMAN (Eng.) = Moor (q.v.) + man. MOORSOM (Eng.) Bel. to Moorsham (Yorks) = the Moor's Ham [genit. of O.E. m(lr, a moor -|- Aa»?(?B,a piece of land,dwelling] MOORWOOD (Eng.) Dweller at the Moor- Wood [O.E. mdr -|- wudu] MORAN (Celt.) i SEA-WARRiOR[Ir. Murchadh- an^mu{i)r, sea -|- the asp. form of cath, war, warrior + the dim. suff. -aw] 2 Big, Tall [Ir. (and Gael.) mor + the pet suff. -are] 28 Morand Moriarty MORAND 1 the common French Morand, Mor- MORANT J ant, Lat. Morand-us [the gerund. p., ' requiring to be delayed,' of Lat. moror, to delay] MORBEY \ (Scand.) Bel. to Moreby (Yorks) MORBY J and Moorby (Lines) = the MooR- Habitation(s [O.N. mrfr + by-^'] Elena de Moreby.— Yorks Poll-Tax, A.D. 1379. MORCOM 1 (Eng.) Dweller in a MooR- MORCOMBE J Hollow [O.E. mdr + cumb (a word of Celt. orig. : Wei. cwm, a hollow] MORDAN I tor Morden, q.v. 2 tor Mordant, q.v. MORDANT "I (Fr.-Lat.) Biting, Sarcastic MORDAUNT J [Fr. mordant, pr. p. oi mordre, Lat. mordere, to bite] Robert le Mordaunt. — Hund. Rolls. MORDECAI ( Heb. - Pers. ) the Hebrew Mord'khay = Little Man [from the Per- sian] MORDEN l (Eng.) Bel. to Morden = i the MORDIN J Moor-Hollow [O.E. OTor + rfraM] 2 for Mordon, q.v. Morden, Surrey, was the A. -Sax. Mordtin. MORDON (Eng.) Bel. to Mordon = the Moor- Hill [O.E. m6r -f dun'\ Confused with the preceding name. MORE = MooKe, q.v. Midst mores and mosses, woods and wilds, To lead a lonesome life. — ' The Marriage of Sir Gawaine ' : Percy's Reliques. MOREBY = Mor'b(e)y, q.v. MORECRAFT = Moorcraft, q.v. MORECROFT = Moopcroft, q.v. MOREHOUSE = Moorhouse, q.v. MOREL "I (A.-Fr.-Lat.-Gr.) Dark-Coloured MORELLJ[M.E. O.Fr. morel{l; O.Fr. More, Moor, black man + the dim. suff. -el (Lat. -ell-us) ', Lat. Maur-us, Gr. MaO/j-os, a Moor : cp. Fr. moreau, m., morelle, f., very black] Thomas Morel. — Hund. Rolls. On d6signe encore aujourd'hui, en Normandie, un cheval noir sous la denomination de cheval morel. — Moisy, Noms de Fam. Norm., p. 328. MORELAND (Eng.) Dweller at the Moor- Land [O.E. mdr (M.E. more) + land] MORETON (Eng.) Bel. to Moreton = the Moor-Farm [O.E. mdr (M.E. more) -\- t^n] MOREWOOD (Eng.) Dweller at the Moor- Wood [O.E. mdr (M.E. more) -f wudu] MOREY(Fr.)Bel.toMorey,Mory (France), the M.Lat. *Moriacum = Morus' (Maurus') Estate [-dc-um, the Lat.-Gaul. poss. suff.] There is a Mory in the Pas-de-Calais Dept.; the Moreys are foiind further south. (Eng.) Dweller at the Moor-Hey (-Enclosure) [M.E. more, O.E. mdr, moor -1- M.E. hey, hay, O.E. haga, an enclosure, messuage] (Celt.) a var. of Murray, q.v. MORFIL ] (Fr.) a nick- or trade-name = MORFILL J Elephant's Tusk, Ivory [Fr. morfil; app. of Arabic orig.] (Wei.) Whale (a nickname) [Wei. morfil] (Eng.) for Moor-Field [O.E. mdr -\- feld] (Eng.) Dweller at the Moor- Foot [O.E. mdr + fdt] MORFOOT MORFITT MORPHETT MORGAN (Celt.) i Bright or White Sea [Wei. Morgan — mdr, sea -|- can, white, bright ; with c mutated to^] Ac y bu varw Morgan. — [And Morgan died] Bruty Tywysogion, A.D. 972. Morgan Cam [Crooked]. — Ann. Camb., A.D. 1246. And Arthur caused Morgan Tud to be called to him. He was the chief phy- sician. — ' Geraint the Son of Erbin ' : Mabinogion, tr. Guest. 2 Mariner [Ir. Muireagdn, f. muir, sea] In Ireland the name Morgan also sometimes represents a previous Morogh : V. Murray. MORGANS (A.-Celt.) Morgan's (Son): v. Morgan. This name replaces the Welsh Ap- Morgan [ap, ab, son] MORIARTY (Celt.) Sea-Right or Sea-True [Ir. Muircheartach — muir, sea + the asp. form of ceart, right, justice, true -|- the pers. suff. -acK] Morice 29 Mortlock MORICE 1 „ M0RRICE;= l^aurioe, q.v. MORIN (A.-Fr.-Lat.-Gr.) Moor; Dark-Com- PLEXiONED [Fr. More (v. Moop(e)2 + the dim. suff. -/«] Simon Morin. — Hund. Rolls. Morin is one of the commonest French surnames. The name of the French St. Morin was Latinized Maurinus. (Celt.) a var. of Moran, q.v. MORING I Dweller at the Moor-Pasture [O.E. m6r = O.N. mdr + O.North. and East. E. ing, O.N. eng, a pasture, meadow] 2 = Morin (q.v.) with intrusive -g. MORISON, Morice's Son: v. Morice = Maurice. MORLAND = Moreland, q.v. MORLE, app. for Morel, q.v. MORLEY (Eng.) Bel. to Morley = the Moor- Lea [O.E. mdr-Uah (M.E. Uy\ MORLING, app. the French Mor-e (v. Moor(e2) with tl^e E. double dim. suff. ■l-ing\ Hugh Moriyng. — Hund. Rolls. MORPETH (Eng.) Bel! to Morpeth, 13th cent. Morpath — the Moor-Path [O.E. mdr + MORRALL for Morrell, Morell, q.v. ^S'R^fL'L'}=^°-'''l- . MORREY = Morey, q.v. MORRICE MORRIS [= Maurice, q.v. MORRISS MORRISH MORRIN = Morin, q.v. MORRISEY WCelt.) for O'Morrisy, Descen- MORRISSAyI dant of Muirg(h)eas = Sea MORRISSEY Charm or Conjuration [Ir. MORRISSY I O'Muirgheasa- 6 or wa, grand- son, descendant -f muir, sea -f- the genit. oigeas, a charm, conjuration, incantation, &c.] MORRISON, Morris's or Maurice's Son: v. Maurice. In the Highlands, Morrison is used to translate the Gael. M'Gille-Moire = Son of the Servant or Disciple of Mary [v. Gilmour] MORROW (Celt.) = Murray, q.v. (Eng.) Dweller at the Moor-Row (of , Dwellings) [O.E. mdr -f- rAw] Willelmus de Morerawe. — Yorks Poll-Tax, A.D. 1379. 1^255^ I V. Moorse, Moores. MORSSJ MORSON I More's Son : More = Moore, q.v. 2 for Morrison, q.v. MORTprob.an abbrev. of Mortimer, q.v. ;but app. also a French nickname [Fr. mart, stagnant, dormant, dull ; Lat. mortu-us, dead], as the diminutive forms Mortel, Mortet, are likewise found in France. MORTAN ] (Fr.)OnefromMortain,Mortaigne, MORTEN \ (Normandy). MORTIN The Mortaigne in the Eure Dept. was Moritania in A.D. 11 96. (Eng.) for Morton, q.v. MORTIBOY for the French Afortftoii = Dead Wood [v. under Mort and Boyce^ MORTIMER (Fr.-Lat.) Bel. to Mortemer(Nor- mandy) = the Dead or Stagnant Water [Fr. mortemer—'LsX. mortu-us, dead ; L.Lat. mora, a pool, from the pi. (maria) of Lat. mare, sea : cp. Fr. mare, a pool, pond ; and eau morte, still water] Hugh de Mortuomari. — Hund. Rolls. Roger de Mortimer. — Hund. Rolls. A de Mortemer occurs in the mural list of "Compagnons de Guillaume a !a Conquete de I'Angleterre en MLXVI, ' in the old church at Dives, Normandy. The origin of the name of the Vall6e de Mortemer, Eure Dept., is explained in \ 'Gallia Christiana' — " Vallis Mortui Maris ab antique appellata propter in- undationem fontium . . ." N.B. — This name has sometimes been used in Ireland as a substitute for the native Moriarty, q.v., and Murrogli,q.v. MORTIMOREfor Mortimer, q.v. MORTLOCK (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Bel. to Mortlake, or Dweller at the Stagnant Pool [Fr. mort-lac — Lat. mortu-us, dead ; lac-us, a lake, pool] Mortlake, Surrey, was Latinized in mediaeval records Mortuus Locus. Morton 30 Moulton '(Celt.) Bel. to Mortlach (Banff) = (prob,) ' the Big Knoll [Gael, mdr, big + tulach, a knoll] MORTON (Eng.) Bel. to Morton = the Moor Farm or Village fO-E. mdr + tiln] MORTY, an abbrev. of 1 Mortfmep, q.v. 2 (occ.) Moriarty, q.v. iVIORTYN, V. Mortin, Morten. MOSELEY I (Eng.) Bel. to Moseley = the MOSELY / Moss-Lea [O.E. m6s (= O.N. m6si), a marsh, moor, moss + ledK] MOSER, V. MOsser. MoisES (Gr.-Heb.-Copt.) Saved from the Water [Lat. Moyses, Gr. Muuir^t, Muo-^s, Heb. Mosheh; f. Gopt. »io, water, andowi/V, to deliver] :X§I^^^y}-"°-'^^- MOSS (Eiig. and Scand.) Dweller at a Marsh or Moor i' [O.E. mds — O.N. m6si\ A Richard del Moss was Bailiff of Liverpool in 1405. — Baines, Hist. L'pool, p. 193. (A.-Gr.-Heb.-Copt.)an English abbrev. form of Moses, q.v. Cp. the French form Moise. MOSSER (Eng. and Scand.) = Moss i (q.v.) + the agent. sufF. -er. (Scand.) Bel. to Mosser (Cumberland), app. the pi. (mosar) of O.N. most, a moss, esp. as Mosser " is divided into two parts called High and Low Mosser." MOSSES, genit. (and pi.) of Moss, q.v. MOSSMAN (Eng.) = Moss (q.v.) + man. In the Scandinavian-peopled districts, esp. Yorks, man, suffixed to a pers. name, usually denotes ' Servant of . . . ' MOSSOP (Eng. and Scand.) Dweller at the Moss-Hope (Valley, Hollow) [v. Moss and Hope] MOTE 1 (A.-Fr.-Teut.) i Dweller at a Moat MOTT I [ (Dial. E. mot), M.E. O.Fr. mote (Ft. matte), a mound (with or without a super- structure), dike, or foss ; of Teut. orig.] The mote is of mercy The manoir aboute. — Piers Plowman, 3678-9. De la Motte is a common French sur- name. 2 the O.Teut. name-element M6t-, Mod-, = Courage. Richard Mote.— Hmd. Rolls. MOTLEY (A.-Fr.) a nickname [cp. M.E. mottelye, &c., a dress of many colours] (Fr. + E.) Dweller at i the Mote- Lea [v. under Mote », and -|- M.E. ley, O.E, ledh] 2 the Mote-Low [M.E. low(e, law{e, O.E. hldew, a hill, (burial) mound] Thomas de RJotlawe. — Yor'ks Pall-Tax, A.D. 1379. The Mot- here, however, may repre- sent the A.-Sax. name-stem Mod- = O.Ger. M6t- [A.Sax. m6d, mind, courage (mood) = O.Sax mid = O.N. md^-r = O.H.Ger. m(u)ot (mod. mut"] MOTTERAM, v. Mottnam. MOTTERSHEAD (Eng.) Bel. to Mottershead (Chesh.), 14th cent. Mottersheved, Mottres- heved = Modhere's Head(lanp [the A.-Sax. pers. name is a compound of mod, mind, courage (mood), with here, army (the corresponding O.N. name Mo'Sher is seen in Motherby, Cumb.) — l-M.E. keved, OiE. hedfod, head, high ground] Robert de Mottresheved. — Chesh. Chmbrln.'s AcctS; A.D. 1303-4. MOTTRAM 1 (Eng.) Bel. to Mottram (Chesh.) : MOTTRUM J = Modhere's Home or Es- tate [v. under the preceding name (Mottershead is close to Mottram), and -|- O.E. ham, home, &c.] An Adam de Mottrum was gaoler of Macclesfield and bailiff of the forest ' there in the middle of the 14th cent. — Chesh. Chmbrln.'s Accts., A.D. 1301-60. MOUL 1 MOULEr= Mole, q.v. MOULD = Mold, q.v. MOULDER (A.-Fr.-Lat.) an occupative sur- name [f. M.E. malde, O.Vr. mole, a mould ; Lat. modul-us, a measure] MOULDS, Mould's (Son) :v. Mould = Mold. MOULSON I Moul(e)'s Son : Moul(e = Mole, q.v. 2 Mould's Son : Mould = Mold, q.v. MOULTON (Eng.) Bel. to Moulton = i the > Mule-Enclosure [O.E. mtil (Lat. mul-us) + tiin] 2 Mula's Estate [O.E. tiin} The Norfolk Moulton was Miilantun in A.D. 1037 ; and it and the Lincolnshire ; Moulton were Multon in the 13th cent., as was the Cheshire Moulton in A.D. 1303. Mouncey 31 Much ■ \ (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Dweller on or by a ■ J HlLLO( '" " MOUNCEY' MOU NSEY / Hillock [O.Fr. moiwel, muncel, monceau (Fr. monceau, a heap) ; Lat. monticell-us, dim. Of mons, mont-is, a hill] Puis prist Morpath, un fort chastel Qui ert [Lat, efai] assis sur un moncel. — G. Gaimer, Chron.; Godefrpy. There is a Monceau in the Nord Dept. ; and there are two Les Moiiceaux in the Calvados Dept. and one in the Orne Dept. Comtes^e du Moncel. — Paris Directory. MOUNT (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Dweller at a Hill [M.E. mount, mont, Fr. mont, Lat. mons, mont-is, a hill] Alan atte Mo\mX.^Close Rolls,A.T>. 1338. MOUNTAN ■) (A,-Fr.-Lat. ) Dweller at a MOUNTAIN J Mountain [O.Fr. montaine (mod. montagne), L.Lat. montanea ; Lat. montana, a hilly district] Montagne-Fayel is in the Somme Dept. MOUNTFORD = Montford = Montfort, q.v. MOUNTJOY (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Bel. to Montjoie (Normandy) = a Cairn or Monumental Heap [Fr. mont, Lat. mons, mont-is + Fr. joie, Lat. gaudi-a, pi. oigaudi-unt, joy] Montjoie, for Montjoie-Saint-Denis, was an ancient war-cry of the French, fronj the hillock near Paris where St. Denis suffered martyrdom. There are two places called Montjoie in the Manche Dept. MOUNTNEY 1 (A.-Fr.-Lat) Bel.toMontigny, MOUNTENEYjMontagny (Normandy) = the Hilly District [M.Lat. Montanac-um — montana, a mountain (f. Lat. mons, mont- is, a mountain) ; with the Lat.-Celt. collective suff. -dc-um"] .. We find a Montigny in the Calvadosi' Manche, Seine-Inf6rieure, Somme, and Pas-de-Calais Depts. Robert de Mounteny. — Hund. Rolls. MOU TRIE (Scot.) app. from the Fifeshire river Motray, where the suff is prob. O.N. d = O.E. ed, ' river.' MOVILL (Celt.) Bel. to Movilla or Moville = the Field of the Old Tree [Ir. Magh- bhile] MOWAT 1 (A.-Fr.-Lat.) corr. and abbrev. of MOVilATT J de Mont{h)aut or Mont{h)alt = of (THE) High Mount [O.Fr. (lit.) del mont{h)alt (mod. Fr. du mont hdut), Lat. ae illo monte alto] 7 In the supposed copies of the Roll of Battle Abbey this name variously appears as Mohaut, Monhaut, Monthaut, &c. (A.-Fr.-Teut.) a double Aim. oi Matilda : V. Malkin. Cp. Mold. MOWBRAY (Fr.) Bel. to Montbray (Manche, Normandy) [Fr. mont, Lat. mons, mont-is, a hill : the second element may be O.N.Fr. bray, mire (of Scand. orig.), or a pers. name] MOWL ' . I a dim. of Matilda : v. Malkin. MOWLE MOWLL MOWELL 2 Bel. to Maule (France) MOXON, M.ocG'sSow.Mogg= Magg:v. Maggs. MOY 1 (Celt.) Bel. to Moy (Scotland and MOYE J Ireland) = a Plain or Level Field [Gael, and Ir; magh] (Fr.-?Celt.) Bel. to Moy, Moye (France) [perh. of same meaning and origin as above, the Celt. (Gaul.) word being Latin- ized mag-us] MOYCE 1 (Fr.-Heb.) Anglicized forms of Fr. MOYES f Moise = Moses, q.v. (A.-Celt.) = Moy(e (q.v.) with the Eng. genit. -s suff. MOYLAN (Celt.) for the Ir. O'Maoilain = De- scendant of Maolan : v. Mullan. MOYLE (Celt.) 1 Shaven One; Monk, Disciple [Ir. and Gael, mael, maol, prim. ' bald '] 2 Dweller on or by a Bald or Bare Hill or Headland [same etymology] MOYLES = Moyle (q.v.) with the Eng. genit. -i suff. Also an Ir. form of Mites, q.v. MOYNAGH = Mooney, q.v. MOYSE r = Moyes, q.v. Willam Moyse. — Hund. Rolls. MOYSES 1 a M.E. form of Moses, q.v. Moises that saugh [saw] the bush vAth flaumes rede ... i ' The Holy Goost, the which that Moyses wende [weened] Had ben a-fyr. — , Chaucer's A.B.C., 89, 93-4. 2 Moyes's (Son): v. Moyes' [ = Moseley, q.v. MOZELEY MOZLEY MUCH (Eng.) Big, Great [M.E. moche. muche, later forms of M.E. moch-el, much-el, O.E. myc-el, bip] Muckleston 32 Mullin A muche man, as me thoughte, And lik to myselv? . . . Piers Plowman, 5038-9. But he ne lafte nat for reyn ne thonder, In siknesse nor in meschief, to visite The ferreste [furthest] in his parisshe, ■mxiche and lite [great and small]. — Chaucer, Cant. Tales, Prol. 492-4. MUCKLESTON (Eng.) Bel. to Muckleston = Mucel's Estate [O.E. tun\ MUCKLESTONE (Eng.) Bel. to Mucklestone = the Great .Stone (Rock, Monument, or Stone Castle) [O.E. mycel -\- stdn] MUCKLOW (Celt.) Dweller by the Pig-Lake [Gael, and Ir. muc, pig + loch, lake] MUDD (Eng.) Dweller at the Muddy Place [M.E. mud{de, mud ; O.L.Ger.] Cp. Clay. MUDFORD (Eng.) Bel. to Mudford,or Dweller at the Muddy Ford [v. under Mudd, and + M.E.O.E./or(;] MUDIE for Moodie, q.v. MUFF (A.-Scand.)a corrupt form of the M.N.E. maug(h = Brother - in - Law [O.N. mdg-r] The Irish place-name Muff is Ir. magh, ' a plain.' MUFFAT 1 MUFFET \ for Moffat, q.v. MUFFIT J MUGFORD (Eng.) Dweller at the Great Ford [M.E. muk-el, O.E. myc-el, great + ford\ Cp. Much. MUGG(E)R1DGE (Eng.) Dweller at the Great Ridge [M.E. muk-el, O.E. myc-el -\- M.E. rigge, rugge, O.E. hrycg\ MUGGLETON (Eng.) Bel. to Muckleton, or Dweller at the Great Enclosure or Farmstead [M.E. muM, O.E. mycel -f M.E. -ton, O.E. tun'] MUGLESTONlf ,, , , ^ MUGLISTON jfor Muckleston, q.v. MUIR \ (Scot-Teut.) Dweller at a Moor MUIRE I [Scot. — O.E. and O.N. wJr] And as that Ryall raid ovir the rude mure Him betyde ane tempest that tyme hard I tell.— The Taill of Rauf Coilyear, 13-14. MUIRHEAD (Scot-Teut.) Dweller at the Moor-Head [Scot. — O.E. and O.N. mdr -H O.E. hedfod= O.N. /zo/mS] MUIRSON, MuiR's Son : v. Muir. MULCASTER (Scand. -|- A.-Lat.) Bel. to Mul- caster, corrupted to Muncaster (Cumb.), anc. Meolcastre= the (Rom an) Camp at the Sandbank or Sandhill [O.N. mel-r, a sandbank, sandhill -|- a der. of Lat. castra, a camp] Muncaster Castle is situated at Esk- Meol, near the mouth of the R. Esk. MULDOON (Celt.) i Servant or Disciple of (St.) Dubhan [Ir. Maol Dubhain (bh mUte) : Ir. and Gael, maol, mael, bald, a tonsured person, monk, disciple, servant; and V. Down 2] 2 for the Ir. Maol-duin = Chief of the Fortress (Joyce). MULDROCH.v. MacMuldroch. MULFORD (Eng.) Dweller at i the Mule- Ford [O.E. miil (Lat. mul-us) -\- ford] RicharddeMuleford.^Hund. Rolls. 2 the Mill-Ford [M.E. mulle, mulne, a mill] MULHARN ] (Celt.) Servant or Disciple MULHEARN ^ OF Echtighern [Ir. maol, ser- MULHERN J vant, &c. ; and V. Ahearn] MULHOLLAN 1 (Celt.) Servant or Dis- MULHOLLANDJciPLE of Callan = the Clamorous [Ir. Maolchallainn — maol, servant, &c.-|-the asp. genlt .form oicallan\ MULLAN 1 (Celt.) the Little Bald or MULLEN f Shaven One; Monk, Disciple [Ir. and Gael. Maoldn — maol, bald, &c. -|- the dim. suff. -a«] (A.-Fr.-Lat.) v. Mullin^. MULLANEY]for 0'Mullan(e)y (Celt.) De- MULLANY > scendant of the Servant or MULANY J Disciple of Mean = Little [Ir. O'Maoilmheanna (mh mute) ^ 6 ot ua, grandson, descendant -\- the genit. of maol, servant, &c. -|- the genit. of mean, little] MULLENEUXl Molineux n v MULLINEUX J ivTOi'"eux,q.v. MULLENS (A.-Celt.) Mullen's or Mullan's (Son) : V. Mullani. (A.-Fr.-Lat.) v. Mullins^. " MULLET(T (A.-Fr.-Lat.) a nickname from the Mule [Fr. mulet, a dim. f. Lat. mul-us. a mule] MULLIGAN (Celt.) the Little Bald or Shaven One, Monk. Disciple [Ir. Maolagdn,Maolacdn:v.lA\\\\ga.n,M\\\\ca.n\ MULLIN (Celt.) for the Irish O'Maoldin = Descendant of M aolan [v. M u 1 1 an ' ] (A.-Fr.-Lat.) for the common French (Du) Moulin = (Of the) Mill [Fr. moulin, L.Lat. molin-us, f. Lat. mola, a mill] Mulliner 33 Murch MULLINER (Eng.) a var. ol Milner, q.v. [M.E. midnere, a miller; 1" M.E. mulne, O.E. myl(e)n, a mill] There has been some late confusion with the next name. MULLINEUX for Molineaux, q.v. MULLINS (A.-Celt.) Mullin's (Son): v. Mullin. (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Bel. to Moulines or Moulins (France) = the Mills [v. Miullin^] MULLOCHI (Celt.) Dweller at a Summit, mullock; Height, Hill-Top [Gael, (and Ir.) mullacK\ (Eng.) the A.-Sax. name-stem Mul- [Lat. mul-us (whence als6 O.H.Ger. mut), a mule] -f- the dim. suff. -oc. Thomas yi\i\\oc.—Hund. Rolls, MULLOY = Molloy, q.v. MULOCK = Mullock, q.v. MULROONEY \ (Celt.) Servant or Disciple MULRONEY J OF Ruanaidh = the Red- CoMPLEXioNED [Ir. Moolruanaidh—mool, mael, servant, etc. + ruanaidh] MULROY (Celt.) Servant or Disciple of RuADH=the Red-Complexioned [Ir. and Gael. Maolruaidh — maol, mael, servant, etc. -I- the genit. of ruadh, red] MULVANEYl forO'Mulvan(e)y (Celt.) Des- MULVANY J CENDANT OF THE SERVANT Or Disciple of Mean = the Little [Ir. O'Maoilmheana {mh as y) — 6 or ua, grand- son, descendant -f- the genit. of maol, servant, etc. + the genit. of mean, little] MULVEY"! (Celt.) Servant or Disciple of MULVY J MiADHACH = the Noble [Ir. Maolmhiadhaigh (mh as v, dh mute) — maol, servant, &c. -|- the genit. ol miadhach, noble, honourable] MUMBYT (Scand.) Bel. to Mumby (Lines), lyiUISBY J 13th cent. Mumby, Munhy = (prob.) Mund's Settlement or Estate [O.N. mund, hand, protector; genit. mundu+by-r, settlement, etc.] MUM FORD 1 (Eng.) Bel. toMundford (Norf.), MUNFORD /13th cent. Mundeford = Mund's Ford [O.E. mund, hand, protector ; genit. munde + ford] (Fr.-Lat.) corruptforras of Montfortq.v. MUMMERY, a corrupt form of Montbray : v. Mowbray. MUNBY, v. under Mumby ante. MUNOASTER, v. Mulcaster. MUNCE for Munns, q.v. R;i[j^°^>^}v.Mounsey. MUNCKTON, V. Monckton. MUNDAY] MUNDIE U. Monday. MUNDY J MUNDELL 1 (Teut.) Protector [Teut., as MUNDELLA \ O.E., O.Sax., O.N. mund, hand, MUNDLE J protector -|- the form, or dim. suff. -el-a] MUNDING (Eng.) the A.-Sax. Munding = Mund (a) 's Son [f. O.E. ntund, hand, pro- tector ; with the fil. suff. -ing] MUNFORD, V. under Mumford ante. MUNGO (Celt.) Gentle - Beloved [Wei. mwyn, gentle -f- cu (mutation-form gu), beloved] Mwyngu or Munghu was a pet-name given to Kentigern, the patron-saint of Glasgow, who passed a portion of his life in Wales. MUNK (A.-Lat.) Monk [O.E. munuc, hat monach-us] MUNN (Fr.) i Monk, Friar [A.-Ft. m{o)un, pioyne, O.Fr. moytie (Fr. moine), monk; Gr. /iocos, solitary] Ivo le Moyne. — Hund. Rolls. Geoffrey le Moun. — do. , Thomas le Mun. — do. 2 Bel. to Mohun or Mohon (France). MUNNING for Munding, q.v. MUNNINGS, Munning's or Munding's (Son). MUNNS (A.-Fr.) Munn's (Son) : v. Munn. MUNRO MUNROE \ = Monro, Monroe, q.v. MUNSEY =■ Mounsey, q.v. MUNT (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Dweller at a Mount [M.E. munt, mont, Fr. mont, Lat. mons, month, a hill ; also O.E. munt, a hill, from Lat.] MUNTON for Munckton, Monckton, q.v. MURBY, a var. of Morby, q.v. MURCH, a var. of March, q.v., the form being due to the diphthongal pron. of March as March. Murchie 34 Mu55on MURCHIE (Celt.) an Anglicized form of the Ir. Murchadh : v. under Murphy. MURCHISON (A.-Celt.) Murchie's Son: v. MurchieandMurphy [Ir. MacMurchadha] MURCOTTT (Eng.) Bel. to Murcot(t = the MURCUTTJ Moor- Cottage [M.E. mor{e, O.E. m6r + M.E. cot(e, O.E. cot] ]V[urcot(t, Oxon, and Murcot(t, North- ants, were Morcote in the 13th cent. MURDEN for Morden, q.v. MURDO for Murdoch, q.v. MURDOCH! (Celt.) Sea-Happy [Gael, and MURDOCK J Ir. Mu{t)readhach—mu{i)r ,sea-f- ' adhach, happy, prosperous, lucky] MURGATROYD 1 (Gr. + Scand. ) Bel. to MURGITROYD f Murgatroyd (Yorks), 14th cent. Mergretrode = Mergret's or Mar- garet's Clearing [v. Margaret and Royd] MURISON I Murray's Son: v. Murray'. 2 for Morrison, q.v. MURLESS (Eug.) Dweller at the Moor-Leas [O.E. m&r, moor -f ledh, lea] MURPHIEH Celt. ) Sea - Warrior [Ir. MURPHY ] Murchadh — mu{t)r„ sea + an asp. form of cath, war, warrior] ' O'Murchadha [nepotic (genit.) form of MurchadK], now always pronounced in Irish O'Mun^oghoo, and Anglicized Murphy, without the prefix O.' — Annals of the Four Masters, IV. p. 11 58 w. Murphy is the commonest name in Ireland. ' Some leading Murphys are now mak- ing their name Morchoe and O'Morchoe — a good change. — Joyce. MURRAY \ (Celt.) i iox Mor{r)ogh,3.conXr. form MURREY J of (a) Mu{i)readhack : v. Murdoch; (6) Murchadh: v. Murphy. 2 Bel. to Moray or to Morrach (Scot- land) = the Sea-Field or Marsh [Gael, (and Ir.) murmhagh {mh mute) — mu{i}r, sea -f the asp. form of magh, a fiel^, plain] MURRELL MURRILL = Morell, q.v. MURRELLS, Murrell's (Son) : v. Murrell, Morell. ' MURROGH MURROUGH MURROW Murray", q.v. MURTAGH \ MURTAUGHl(Celt.) from the same Irish MURTEAGH original as Moriarty, q.v. MURTOCH )' MURTHWAITE (Scand.) Bel. to Murthwaite (Westmd. : i6th cent. Myrthwaite) = the Moor or Bog Clearing [O.N. m^r-r, a moor, bog -H \ueit, a clearing] ' MURTON (Eng.) Dweller at the Moor-Farm [O.E. m6r:+ ttln] Murton,Cumb., and Murton, Northumb., , are called indifferently Murton or Moor- town. MUSARD (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Loiterer, Dawdler [Fr. musard ; f. muser, to muse, loiter] '. MUSCHAMP (Fr.-Teut. + Fr.-Lat.) Bel. to Muschamp or Mouchamp (France) = the Moss-FiELD [Fr. mousse, O.H.Gfer. mos, moss -1- Ft. champ, Lat. campus, a field] This name was Latinized in our mediaeval records de Musco Campb [Lat. musc-us, moss] MUSGRAVE V (Eng.) Bel. to Musgrave = the M USG ROVE J Moss-Grove [O.E, meSs, moss, or O.E. mds, a marsh + grdf] MuIhETT } P^^**^"- io"^^^ of Musket(t, q.v. MUSKER ] (Celt.) 'The people descended , MUSKERY Urom Carbery Muse, son of MUSKERRY j Conary XL, were called Mus- craidhe (Muskery : O'Dugan) : of these there were several tribes, one of which ' gave name to the two baronies of' Muskerry in Cork.' — • Joyce, Irish Local Names, p. 74. M USKET 1 (A.-Fr.-Lat.) a nickname or sign- MUSKETT/name from the Sparrowhawk so called [M.E. musket,ma\e sparrowhawk; O.Fr. mousket, mouschet {Ft. emouchet),: L.Lat. musc(h)etus, a kind of hawk ; f. Lat." v* * musca, a fly] M U S P R ATT (Fr.-Teut. -|- Fr.-Lat.) Dweller at a Moss-Field [Fh mousse, O.H.Ger. mos, moss + O.Fr. prat (Fr. pre), Lat. prat-um, a field, meadow] MUSSON (Eng.) an assim. form of Muston, q.v. The Leicestershire village, Muston in the / 13th cent., is now indifferently Muston or MusSoh. (Fr.) the Fr. Musson Or Mousson is app. (like Musset, Mousset) a dim. nickname f. mousset a var. of mouche, a fly, beauty- spot, etc. [Lat. musca, a fly, (fig.) a meddler]: w Hustard 35 Nail i/lUSTARD (A.-rr.-Lat. + Teut.) metpn.,for Mustarder (Fr. tnoutardier), M\istarAmaker, Mustardman (now extinct as surnames) [M.E. mustard, mostard, O.Fr. mostarde, f., with sufl. -ard (Teut. hard), Lat. must-um, must] WUSTON (Eng.) Bel. to Muston ; or Dweller at the Moss Farm or Village [O.E. mds, a marsh + tuti\ Cp. Musson'. WUTCH = Much, q.v. VIYALL, V. Miall, Michael. VIYCOCK, a form of Maycook, q.v. MYDDLETON = Middleton, q.v. VIYER (Scand.) Dweller at the MiRE or Bog [O.N. myr-r\ Richard del Myre. — ' Yorks Poll-Tax, A.D, 1379. (A.-Fr.-Lat,) a form of Mayer, q.v. (Heb.) the Jewish Meir or Meor= Light, Luminary [Heb. maSr] ( Ger.-Lat. ) an Auglicization of the German Meyer = Steward [Ger. meier, O.H.Ger. »»ew>-, steward; Lat. mo/or] MYERS, Myer's (Son) : v. Myer. MYERSCOUGH (Scand.) Bel. to Myerscough (Lanes), A.D. 1317 Mirescogh = the Bog- Wood [M.E. mire, myre, O.N. m^-r, a bog + M.E. sco{u)gh, O.N. skdg-r, a wood] MYERSON, Myer's Son : v. Myer. MYHILL =. Michael, q.v. MYLCHREESTl (Celt. + Gr.) i theManxil/ac MYLCHRIST J Giolla Chreest = Son ofthe Servant of Christ. 2 the Manx Mael Chreest = Servant or Disciple of Christ \mael, bald (tonsured) one, servant, disciple] Cp. Gilchrist. MYLER = Meyler, q.v. MYLES = iVilles, q.v. MYLOTT = Millot, q.v. MYNER 1 (A.-rr.-Celt.) Miner [Fr. miner, to M YNOR J mine ; of Celt, orig.] Masons and mynours, And manyothere craftes. — Piers Plowman, 44P-1. MYTTON } ^*'- '° '^y'o"' Mytton: v. Mitton. N NABB I a contr. of MacNabb, q.v. 2 a pet form of Abel, q.v., with attracted N-. , 3 a (North.) form of Knapp, q.v. NABOR for Neighbour, q.v. NAGEL 1 (Teijt.) Nail, Spike [O.H.Ger. and NAGELE ^O.Sax. nagal = Goth. *nagl-s ^ NAGLE yO.T^.nagl = Dut. nagel = O.E. ncegelyVn.., a nail, etc.] The great prevalence of this n^me in America is largely due to German im- migration. The A.-Saxpn name is seen I ^—vocalized — in Such Eng. place-names as Nailsworth and Nailstone. The commonness of Nagle ' in Ireland may be due to the early-eighteenth- century .German immigration ; but the Hibernicization de N6gla seems to point to a French origin, poss. the place-name . Nagel in the Eure Dept. NAIL 1 ( Eng. ) I the A.-Sax. pers. name HMLEyNcegel : v. under Nagel, &c. 2 v. Naie. NA!!:OR}^Nayler,Naylor. NAIRN "[(Celt.) Bel. to Nairn, formerly NAIRNE J Invemaim=MovTH or the Nairn [Gael, inbhir, a confluence, river-mouth : tTie river-name may be for Gae\.(amhuinn) an-fheam (fh mute) = (river) of the alder] NAISH, a diphthongized form of Nash, q.v. N ALDER (Eng.) a contr. of Atte Nalder or Atten-Alder = At the Alder [M.E. atte nalder, E. M.E. at pen al{d)re, O.E. cet\>cbm aire (dat. otaler^ NALE (Eng.) a contr. of Atte Nale or Atten- Ale = At THE Ale (-House) [M.E. atte nale, E.M.E. at \>en ale, O.E. at^dm eale] And songen [sang] atte nale.— Piers Plowman, 4027. NALL (Eng,) a contr. of Atte Nail or Atten- HaU = At the Hall [E.M.E. at \en (for \er) Halle, O.E. cet \ckre hle)alle] Occasionally, however, -all may be for O.E. heal(h; a corner, also (for heald)[ a slope. 36 Nance Neely NANCE (Celt.) Bel. to Nance (Cornw.); or Dweller in the Valley [Corn, nans] NANGLE (Eng. + Fr.-Lat.) a contr. of Atte Nangle or Atten-Angle = At the Angle or Corner [E.M.E. at^en angle— O.Yt. angle, Lat. angul-us, ap angle] Symon in Angulo. — Hund. Rolls. NANSON, Nan's Son: Nan, a pet form of ' Ann(e (A.-Heb.), q.v. NAPER ] ( A.-Fr.-Lat. ) Napery - Keeper NAPIER i[M.E. nap(p)er{e, keeper of the NAPPER J napery or table-linen; O.Fr. naperie, "LXat. naparia, mapparia, napery-depart- ment of a household ; Lat. mappa, a table- napkin : cp. Fr. nappe, a table-cloth] John le Napere. — Hund. Rolls. Jordan le Nappere. — do. NAPTON for Knapton, q.v. Napton-on-the-Hill is in Warwickshire. NARRACOTT (Eng.) Dweller at the Narrow Cot [O.E. nearu ■\- cot] NASH (Eng.) a contr. of Atte Nash or Atten- Ash = At the AsH(-Tree [E.M.E. aii>en as{c)he, O.E. cet Tpdkm cesce] Pagan atte Nash.— Ca/. Inq. P.M. NASMITH 1 (Eng.) Nail-Smith [O.E. nmgel, NASMYTH J nail + smiff, smith] NATHAN (Heb.) Given (of God) [Heb. Ndthdn] NAUGHXm 1 ^- WlacNaughtan, Mao KaUGhTonJ '^-S'^ten. NAY (Fr.) Bel. to Nay (Normandy). (Celt.) for MacNay, MacNee, q.v. NAYLAR ■) (Eng.)' Nail-Maker [M.E. nayler{e; NAYLER \ M.E. nayl, O.E. nen elme, O.E. at fickm elme] In the Hundred Rolls the name was Latinized both as ad Ulmum and de Ulmo. NELMESl = Nelm(e, q.v., with the genit., NELMS J aiid pi., -s suffix. NELSON I Nel's or Neil's Son : v. Neil. 2 Nell's Son : v. NelP. Thomas Nellson. — Yorhs Poll-Tax, A.D. 1379. Thomas Nelson. — Lane. Fines, A.D. 1458. Thomas Neelson. — C/oj? .Rott (Duchy of Lane), A.D. 1462-3. William Neleson.— iV-/.i?oWs, A.D.1S03. William Nelson. — . Lane. Fines, A-.T). ier, i.) coke, o^, O.K. let \>(km (for Jpckre) dc{e] Philip Attenoke. — Close Rolls, A.D. 1275. NOAKES" NOAKS NOBB, a dim. name = Hobb (q.v.) with attracted N- (as'in Noll for Ol-iver). Geoffrey ^obhe.—ffund. Rolls. NOBB.S, Nobb's (Son) : y. Nobb. NOBLE (A.-Fr.-Lat.) [Fr. nople; Lat. nobil-is, welltknown, noble] NOBLET ] I = Noble (q.v.) + the Fr. dim. NOBLETT Uuff. -ei. NOBLITT J 2 = Nob (v. Nobb) + the Fr. double dim. suff. -el-el. Noblet is a common French surname. NOCK (Celt.) for Knock, q.v. (Eng.) = Noak, q.v. NODDER (Eng.) i for the A.-Sax. pers. name Nowhere [O.E. no}?, boldness + here, army] 2 perh. also a nickname fromM.E.«o(W^«, to nod, (orig.) to shake. NODE (Teut.) = the M,E. Ode (occurring, for example, in the 14th -cent. Yorks Poll- Tax) with attracted N- (as in Noll for Ol-iver) [O.Teut. Oda; Odo—i.O.S&Ti. 6d = O.N. a«S-r = O.H.Ger, ot = O.E. edd, prosperity, riches] NODES, Node's (Son) 1 „ „„ .„ NODESON, Node's Son r- '^°"®- NOEL(Fr,-Lat.) Children born at Christmas- tide were sometimes baptised by the French equivalent of ournames Christmas and Midwinter [Fr. noel, by euphony for nael, Christmas; Lat. {dies) natalis, birth- day] Adam Noel.— 5cm<. ofGascony, A.D. 1242-3. NOELSON, Noel's Son : v. Noel. NOKE = Noak, q.v. NOKES = Noakes, q.v. NOLAN (Celt.) the Ir. Nuallan = Famous,- Noble [Ir. nuall -(- the dim. suff. -dti] NOLL I a pet form of Oliver (q.v.) with attracted N-. Here; lies Oliver Goldsmith, for short- ness called Noll. — D. Garrick. 2 for Knoll, q.v. I (Celt.)" the Ir. Nuadhan (nepotic NOON NOONE/ —genitive— form O'Nuadhain) = the New [Ir. (and Gael) nuadh (dh mute), new + the dim. suff. -an] NOPPS, an unvoiced form of Nobbs, q.v. NORBURY (Eng.) Bel. to Norbiiry = the NoliTH Stronghold [O.E.'noAi 4; huth, dat. byrig] Norbury, E. Cheshire, was Norburie in the i2th cent., Northbury ih the 13th. Norbury, Staffs, in Domesday Book Nort- , berie, was Northbyriixi the 13th cent. NORCOMBE(Eng.) Dweller at the North Hollow [O.E. not^ + cumb (from Celt.] There is a Northcombe in W. Devon. NORCOTTl (Eng.) Dweller at the North NORCUtT i Cottage [O-E. noi^ + cot] There are places called Norcott in Herts and Berks. See Northoot(t. NORCROFT (Eng.) Dweller at the North Croft [O.E. noif -I- croft, a small field] There is a hamlet called Norcroft near Barnsley, Yorks. NORCROSS (Scand.) Dweller at the North Cross [0.N. nor^-r -\- kross (ult. £. Lat. crux, crucis^ More specifically, Norcross (spelling the same in the early i6th cent.) near Fleet- w/ood. Lanes. Norden 42 Northampton NORDEN (Eng.) Dweller at tile North Valley XO.E. norf, + denu] But the name in our directories is sometimes the German and Scand. Norden = North. Confused with Nordon. NORDON (Eng.) Dweller at the North Down [O.E. nor]> + dtin, a hill] There are Northdov#ns in Kent and Pembroke. Confused with Norden. , NORFOLK (Eng.) One from Norfolk, the A.-Sax. NorthfdIc=the Northern People I [O.E. ti0r]> +folc, folk, people] ... the fertheste ende of Northfolk — Piers Plowman, 2950. NORGATE (Eng.) DwelleV at the North Gate [O.E. norf + geat] (Scand.) Dweller at, the North Road or Way [O.N, nor\i-r + gata] North{e)gate occurs in the Yorks PoU- Tax (A.D. 1379), and Northgate in the Hundred Rolls for Norfolk (A.D. 1274). NORGRAVE I (Eng.) Dweller at the North NORG ROVE J Grove \0.'E. nor]f + grdf[ NORKETT, a corrupt form of Norcott,q.v. NORLEY (Eng.) Dweller at the North Lea [O.E. nor\f + ledh (M.E. ley] More specifically Nofley, Chesh., in the r4th cent. Northlegh, Norlhley. NORMAN (Teut.) Northman [(i) O.Fr. Norman{d, Dan.-Nofw. Nordmand, O.N. Nof^maiS'r (pi. Nor^menn), Northman ; Norwegian' (2) O.E. Jfor^mann, Norse- man ; Dane] In the A.-Saxon Chronicle the term NorVmen{n sometimes embraces the Danes (v. A.D. 787). Elsewhere they are distinguished (v, A.D. 924) — ' . . . o6g}>er ge Englisce, ge Denisce, ge NortSmen, ge obre ' (. . . both English and Danes, and Northmen and others). NorVman occurs as a pers. name in .England in the loth and nth centuries. Normannus ( frequent ) ; Norman ; Northman. — Domesday Book. ' 1 Mathew le Norman; — Hund. Rolls. ' Robert Northman.- do. Norman de Arcy. — do. 'E[t] Peitevin e[t] Bretun et Norman. — La Chanson de Roland, 3g6i. NORMAN BY (Scand.) Bel. to Normanby (fre- quent in the great Scandinavian counties Lines and Yorks) == the Northman's Settlement' [v. under Norman, and -|- O.N. 6j/-r, settlement, farmstead] NORMANSELL (Eng.) Dweller at (app.)- Norman's or the Northman's Hall [O.E. seel = O.N. sal-r, a hall] NORMANTON (Eng. and Scand.) Bel. to Normanton = Norman's br the North- man's Estate [O.E. tiin = O.N. tm, enclosure, estate] The Normanton near Southwell, Notts, occurs in a tenth-century charter both as Normaniun and Nordmantun. NORMIN(G)TON for Normanttfn, q.v. NORREYS ( A. - Fr. -Teut. ) Northman; Northerner [O.Fr. Noreis, Noreys, Nor^- " reis, Nor(r)ois, Northman, Northerner; ATor- -I- m, Lat. -gnjH] ■ ■' Hugh le Norreis. — Charter Rolls, A.D. iigg. Thomas le Noreys. — Hun4. Rolls, A.D. 1274^^ Walter le Noreis. — Pari. Writs, A.D. 13 13. , Robert le Norreys. — Cal. Inq. P.M., A.D. 1327. , Cp. NoppJs. NORRINGTON, a corrupt form of Northamp- ton (q.v.) through the i3th-cent. form Norhantonfe. NORRIS I (A.-Fr.-Teut.) = Norreys, q.v. mSddII u I (A--Fr.-Lat.) the Nurse {M.E. NORRISH J „^„-^g_ noryce; O.Fr. norrice (Fr. nourrice) ; Lat. nutrix, -icis, a nurse] Alicia le Noryce. — Cal. Inq. P.M. I trowe that to a norice in this cas. — Chaucer, Cant. Tales, £561. NORTH (Eng.) One from the North [O.E. - norY\ NORTHAM (Eng.) Bel. to Northam (Devon, . Hants, &c.) = the North Enclosure [O.E. nor^ -\- ham{m, a piece of land, en- closure] NORTHAMPTON (Eng.) Bel. to Northampton, A.D. 917 and 921 Hamtun, Domesday Northantone = At the North High Town [O.E. iior'^, north + hedm, hedn dat. of hedh, high -|- jM«(e] Northampton is situated on a slope rising from the R. Nen. Apparently North- was added to the name in order to distinguish it from Southampton. . Northcot 43 Nottingham NORTHCOT ] (Eng.) Bel. to Northcot(e, NORTHCOTE \ Northcott = the North NORTHCOTT J Cottage [O.E. norTp + cot] Northcott, Berks, seems, however, to be for an earlier Noi'thcourt. ^ NORTHERN"! (Eng.) Northerner [M.E. NORTHEN J northern; O.E. nor^em (and nor^an), from tne north] NORTHEY (Eng, and Scand.) Dweller at I the North Island [O.E. «orl'=O.N.«o/-f'-r ' + O.E. i{e)g = O.N. ey, island] 2 the North Hey (Enclosure) [O.E. hag-, haga '= O.N. hagi, enclosure, field] Northey (Island), Essex, is near the meet of the Blackwater and the Chelmer. NORTH LEY (Eng.) Dweller at the North Lea [O.E. «orJ> + ledh (M.E. ley] NORTHOP \ (Eng.)Bel.toNorthoporNoRTH- NORTHUP J Hope (Flint) [O.E. nor]> ; and ▼. Hope] (Scand. and E°gO i°^ Northorp(e, q.v. NORTHORP i (Scand. and Eng.) Bel. to NORTHORPE J Northorp(e (Lines" ; Yorks) = the North Farm or Hamlet [O.N. ttOri'-r = O.E. nor]> + O.N. and O.E, YprpJ NORTHOVER (Engl) Dweller at the North ,' Bank or Shore ' [0:E.tior]> + dfer] Northover, Soms., is on thp north bank of the R. Yeo. NORTHRUP } ^°'''°^ °^ Northopp(e, q.v. NORTON (Eng.) Bel. to Norton = the North Farm, Estate, or VilIage , [A.-Sax. Nor)^tm^^nor§ + tAn] NORWELL (Eng.) Dweller at the North Well or Spring [O.Ei ndr^ + wieU(a] NORWICH (Eng.) Bel.. to Norwich, theA.-Sax. Nmfwic = the North Place [O.E. nor] NORWOOD (Eng.) Dweller at the North Wood [O.E. nor]) + wudu] NOSWORTHY 1 (Eng.) Bel. to Nos(e)worthy NOSEWORTHY [ (7' Devon) [the second ele- ment is the O.E. wor^ig, a farm, enclosure: the first element may be the South.E. nose, a neck of land] NOTHARD (Teut.)i i Neat-Herd [Q.N. naut = 0-E. nedt, cattle + O.N. hirlpi-r = O.E. hierde, herd(sn)an] Willelmus Nouthird. — Yorks Poll-Tax, A.D. 1379. 2 the A.-Sax. pers. name No\'h{e)ard [O.E. nl!\>, boldness -f- A (e)a/-rf, hard, brave] NOTLEY (Eng.) Bel. to Notley = i the Nut- Tree-Lea [M.E. not(e, O.E. hnutu + M.E. ley, O.E. ledh] 2 :Not(t)'s' or Hnotta's Lea [pers. name f. O.E. knot, bald, close-crapped] 3 CNorrA'S' Lea [pers. name f. O.E. cnotta = O.N- kmit-r (whence Cnut or Canute), a knot] NOTMAN = Not(e)'s MAN(-Seryant) : v. under Nott. Richard Noteman. — Hund. Rolls. NOTON, V. Nottoh- NOTSON, Npt(e)'s or Nott's Son : v. Nott. Johannes Nottson; — ' Yorks Poll-Tax, A.D. 1379. NOTT (Eng.) I Bald ; Close-Cropped [M.E. not, nott{e, O.E. knot] The A.-Sax. pers. name Hnotta occurs. Hugh le Notte.— H««d. Rolls. A twt heed' [head] hadde he, with a broun visage. — Chaucer, Prol. Cant. Tales, 109. . . . your nott headed country gentleman. —Old Plays, VI. 150 ; T. Wright. 2 tor Knott', q.v. 3 the (rare) A.-Sax. pers. name Cnotta [O.E. cnotta, m., knot], corresp. to the O.N. Knilt-r [O.N. knAt-r, m., knot] ; also (inore often) an Anglicized form (loth and nth cent. Cnut, whence mod. Canute) oi the Scand. name : v. Knot(t' and Nutt. \ (Eng.) I a nickname from the NOTTAGE NOTTIDGE / bird called the Nothatch (or Nuthatch) [M.E. not{e, O.E. hnutu, a riut -f-a palatal deriv. of O.E. haccian, to hack], 2 Bel. to Nottage (Glam.) [by analogy, the -age here may be for -wich, O.E. wfc, a place] NOTTING (Eng.) represents i an A.-Sax. Hnotting = Hnotta's Son [f. O.E. hnot, bald, close-cropped ; with ti6ie 'son ' sufT. -ing] 2 an A.-Sax. Cwoftw,? = Cnotta's Son [O.E. cnotta, in., a knot; with the 'son ' suff. -ing] There seems to be no evidence for a loi^al origin [O.N.E. ing, a meadovv] of this name. Cp. Nutting. NOJTINGHAM (Eng.) Bel. to Nottingham, 1 3th cent. Notinghairi, the Ai-Sax, Snotinga- hdm = the Home of the Snot(a Family, [the pers. name is prob. contracted f. O.E.' snotor= O.N. snotr (in^fact, the form Snothringham occurs in \ Latin charter . A.D. 868), wise, prudent (cp. N.E. snot, neat, handsome)-fthe genit. pi. {-inga) of -w,?, son -)- Mm, home, estate] Notton 44 Nye NOTTON (Eng.) Bel, to Nottori (Yorks : 14th cent. Notton; Dorset) = (prob.) Nott's Estate [v. Nott, and + M.E. -ton, O.E. tin\ NOURSE = Nurse, q.v. NOwfu!" I Ang''<:'2ed forms of Noel, q.v. NOWLAN, V. Nolan. NOYCE \ (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Dweller by a Nux- NOYES /Tree; spec, a Walnut-Tree [Fr. mix (O.Fr. mis), a walnut, nut ; Lat. nux, nucis, a nut (-tree] NUGENT (Fr.) Bel. to Nogent (common in France;=the Fair (Wet) Mead [Fr. noue, a wet meadow; L.Lat. Borfa + O.FT.gent{e, fair; l.a.t.genit-; f.^e«i, a patrician family] Noe est encore usit6 en basse Norman- die avec le sens de petit cours d'eau, petit canal, ruisseau. On dit: une prairie de me, ou de noue, ou par abr6viation une noe, une noue, pour une prairie travers6e par un ou plusieurs petits cours d'eau qui lui donnent de I'humidite. — Stappers, Diet. Synopt. d'Etym. Pranf., p. 795. Many bearers of the name Nugent in England are immigrants (or descendants of immigrants) from Ireland, where this French name was usually Hitjernicized as Nuinnseann. NUN(N (A.-Lat.) i Nun (a nickname; and prob. applied to the children of a married woman after she had taken the monastic vow) [M.E. O.E. nunne, L.Lat. nunna, nonna\ 2 Monk [f. L.Lat. nonn-us, a monk] (Eng.) a descendant of the A.-Sax. (royal) pers. name Nunna [prob. f. L.Lat. nonn-us, a monk, father] 'Ego Nunna rex SflJ'saxouum . . .' (A.D. 692).— Cart. Sax., No. 78. rarely (Heb.) the Heb. Nun [f. Heb. nun, to sprout, flourish] Joshua, the sonbf JV«». — Ex. 33. 11. NUNNS, NUNN'S (Son) \ , NUN(N)SON, NUN(N)'s Son ; ^- Nun(n. Hugo Nunneson. — Yorks Poll-Tax, A.D. 1379. NURSE (A.-Ff.-Lat.) (lit.)ONE who Nourish- es [M.E. mrice, nurice, O.Fr. norrice (Fr. ' nourrice) ; Lat. nutrix, -icis, a nurse] NURSEY = Nurse, (q.v.) -|- the E. dim. suff. NUSSEY (A.Fr.-Lat.) Bel. to Noisy (a fairly common French place-name), the L.Lat. Nucetum = the Nut-Grove [f. Lat. nux, nucis, a nut (-tree) ; with the 'plantation' suff. -et-uni\ There has prob. been some confusion with the preceding name. NUTBEAM (Eng.) Dweller by the Nut-Tree [O.E. hnutbedm] NUTE, V. Nutt. NUTHALL (Eng^ Bel. to Nuthall (Notts: 13th cent. Nuthal) = the Nut (-Tree) Nook, or Slope [O.E. hnutu + h{e)al{h, a nook, corner; h(e)al (for h(e)ald) = O.N. hall-r, = Ger. halde, a slope] Cp. Nuttall. NUTHURST (Eng.) Bel. to Nuthurst; or Dweller at the Nut-Grove [O.E. hnutu + hyrst^ Nuthurst, Warw., was Hnuthyrst A.D, 872. NUTKIN = Nut(t (q.v.) -|- the E. (double) dim. suff. -kin [O.L.Ger. -k-in'\ NUTKINS, NUTKIN'S (Son): v. Nutkin. ' NUTLEY (Eng.) Bel. to Ntitley; or Dweller at the Nut (-Tree) Lea [O.E. hnutu+ledh (M.E. ley] Nutley, Hants, was Hnut-ledh A.D. 932, NUTMAN (Eng.) i Dealer in Nuts [O.E. hnutu, a nut -\- man{n] 2 Nut(t)'s Man (-Servant): v. Nutt (A.-Scand.) NUTSON, Nut(t)'s Son : v. Nutt. NUTT (A.-Scand.) an Anglicized form (loth and nth cent. Cnut) of the O.N. Kniit-r (Canute) [O.N. kniit^, a knot] (Eng.) I Dweller by a Nut-Tree [O.E! hnutu, a nut] 2 occ. conf. with Nott, q.v. NUTTLE^} (Eng) for Nuthall, q.v. Nuttall, Lanes, was spelt the same A.D. 1541. NUTTER (Eng.) i Nut-Dealer [O.E. hnutu -\- the agent, suff. -ere] (rarely) 2 a descendant of the A.-Sax. pers. name Nowhere [O.E. izrftS, boldness -f here, army] NUTTING (A. -Scand.) may represent" the AngUcized form Cnut of the O.N. Kntit-r (v. Nutt, A.-Scand.) with the O.Teut. fil. suff. -ing ; but more likely = the ' Nut- Meadow' [O.E. hnut, nut -f- O.N.E. ing, O.N. eng, meadow] Willelmus Nutyng. — Yorks Poll-Tax, A.D! 1379. Cp. Netting. NUTTMAN, v. Nutman. NYE (Eng.) a contr. of Atten-Ey(e = At the Island [E.M.E. at yen (for fer) eye = O.E. , 0.'E. dte, oat] Andreas Otes.—Hund. Rolls, A.D. 1274. Otes de Howarth. — ' YorksPoll-Tax, A.D. 1379. U est Otes et li quens [comte] Berengers? — Im Chanson de Roland, 2405. OAT(E)SON, Oat(e)'s or Oat(e)s' Son. OATLEY (Eiig.) ' Dweller at the Oat-Lea [O.E. dt(e)-ledh] OBEE ] (Scand.) Bel. to Oby (Norf.) [O.N. OBEY ■ by-r, a. settlement, farmstead: the OBY J firstelementmaybeforanAngliciza- tion of the O.N. eik, oak (as the neighbour- ing Ashby is Anglicized), or for a pers. narhe — Odd, Aud] Oby is one of a httle cluster of Scand. names in the country to the north of Yar- mouth. O'BEIRN'E (Celt.) the Ir. O'Beirn, O'Birn = O'Brain, q.v. OBERRY for Oldbury, q.v. OBORN \ (Eng.) Bel. to Oborne (Dorset), OBORNE J app. the Domesday Wocbume — the Crooked Brook [O.E. wdh + burite\ O'BOYLAN (Celt.) the Ir. aBaoigh{e)allain = Descendant of Baogh(e)allan [v.under O'Boyle, and -|- the dim. suff. -an] O'BOYLE (Celt.) the Ir. O'Baoighill = De- scendant OF Baoghall [Ir. 0, grandson^ descendant -(- the genit. of baoghal, peril, danger] O'BRAIN (Celt.) Descendant of Bran = the Raven [v. O'-, and -1- the genit., brain, of O.Ir. and O.Gael, bran, a raven] There has been some little confusion ' with O'Brien. O'BRIEN \. (Celt.) the Ir. O'Briain --= Des- O'BRYEN J CENDANT of Brian [v. O-', and -t- the genit. of Brian, q.v.] O'BYRNE (Celt.) the Ir. O'Broin = Descen- dant OF Bran : v. O'Brain. The Ir. and Gael, brotnn is a genit. of bra. 'belly'; but this (unlike O.E.wamb) does not seem to have been used as a pers. name. O'CALLAGHAN (Celt.) the Ir. O'Ceallachain = Pescendant OF Ceallachan [v. O'-, and Callaghan] O'.Cassidy 46 O'Donohoe ,0'CASSIDY (Celt.) the Ir. O'Caiside = De- scendant OF Ca(i)side [(i) Ir. cas, a twisted lock ; ingenious, clever + the pers. suff. -id{h)e ; (2) cats, love, esteem-|- the adj. plen. suff. -de] OCCLESHAW (Eng.) Bel. to Occleshaw (Lanes), i3tn cent. Aculleschawe, Acolfshag =Acolf"s, or Acwulf's Wood [O.E. sc{e)aga, a wood] OCCLESTON (Eng.) Bel. to Occlestone (Ches.), A;D. 1303-4 Occlekton = Acolf's or AcwuLf's Estate . [O.K. tiiti] This origin is based on the analogy of Occleshaw. OCHILTREE (Celt.) Bel. to Ochiltree (Ayr), anc. Uchiltre = the High Homestead or Hamlet [Cym. uchel, high+«rftdwelling(s] OCKENDEN (Eng.) Dweller at the Oak- Valley [M.E. oken, O.E. dcen, f. dc, oak- tree -1- M.E. den{e, O.E. denu, a valley] Frequently, however, this name is for Ockendon, q,v. OCKENDON (Eng;) Bel. to Ockendon (Essex); or Dweller at the Oak-Hill [M.E. oken, O.E. dcen, f. dc, oak-tree -1- M.E. -i««, O.E. dun, a hill] OCKFORD = Oakford, q.v. OCKLESHAW'= Occleshaw, q.v. OCKLES,TON(E = Occleston, q.v. O'CLEARY \ (Celt.) the Ir. O'Cleirigh = De- O'CLERY J scendant of Clerech [v. O-', and Cleary'] OCLEE, a M.E. var. of Oakley, q.v. O'CON NELL (Celt.) i the Ir. O'Conghail = Descendant of Cong(h)al, i.e. Conflict. 2 the Ir. O'Conaitl = DescendaNiT of Conall, i.e., Love, Friendship. O'CONNOR O'CONOR 1 (Celt.) the Ir. 0'Conchobhair= I Descendant of Conchobhar [v. O'-, and Con nop] \ (Engf) I Bel. to Odeham (Devon). ODAM OOEM If the first eleriient is the pers. name Ode (v. under Od((ll)ie), the second will ■represent O.E. hdm, home, estate : if the first element is an aphse?fetic form of M.E. ' wode {OS. wudu), a wood, the second will represent O.E. ham(m, a piece of land, enclosure. 2 Bel. to Odiham (Haiits) : v. Odiham. ODDlEl I f. the A.-French Odo, later Orfe [f. ODDY . O.Sax.(fi= O.N. awS-r, wealth, bliss],' ODEY with the E. dim. suff. -te, -e)y. ODY ' The famous half-brother of William I, always appears on the Bayeux Tapestry as Odo. John m. Ode.— Hund. Rolls. Cp. Oat(e. 2 f. the common A.-Sax. Oda, Odda [f. dd, a form of O.E. edd, wealth, bliss, with' the loth and nth cent. Od(d)a influenced by the cognate O.N. Au'S-rJ, with the E. dim. suff. -ie, -e)y. The Roman Emperor Otto, and also his nephew of the same nanie, are called Odda in the A.-Sax. Chronicle A.D. 982. ODDIKER, an assim. form of OldaCre, q.v. ODELL (Eng.) Bel, to Odell (Beds), form. Wodhull = the Wood-Hill [M.E. wode, O.E. wudu + M.E. hull, O.E. hylQ Odell Castle ... is situated on an emmence in the midst of well-wooded grounds.— iVa/. Gaz. (A.-Fr.-Teut.) a dim. f. Odo, Ode: v. under Oddie, etc. [Fr. dim. suff. -el] ODGER (Teut.) a form (prop. O.Saxon) of Eadgar: v. Edgar [O. Sax. 6d=O.B..Ger. 6t = O.E. edd = 0:N. aiiS-r, wealth; bliss + O.Sax. O.H.Ger. g£r = O.E. gdr = O.N. ^ejVr, a spear] Li quens Oger li Daneis (The count Oger the Dane).—: La Chanson de kolaMd,y>'i'i- ■ ODGERS, Odger's (Son): v. Odger. ODIHAM (Eng.) Bel. to Odiham (Hants), 13th cent. Odiham = (app.) Odi's Estate [v. Od(d)y, and -|- O.E. hdm, home, estate] ODIN EL (Fr.-Teut.) the Scand. name Odin,. O^inn [f. O.N. (JS-r, furious, eager, mad], with the Fr. dim. suff. -el. Geoffrey Odinel.—Hund. Rolls (Yorks). ODLIN (A.-Fr.-Teut.) the French Odelin, f.- Odo [v. under, Od die] with the double dim. suff. -el-ifi. . Henry Oielin.—Hund. Rolls. ODLING = Odiln (q.v.) with added -g. ODNEL for Odinel, q.v. O'DONNELL (Celt.) the Ir. ODornhnaill = Descendant of Domhnall [y. OS and Dohal] O'DONOGHOE 1 (Gelt.) the Ir. O'Donnchadha O' DO NOG HUE \= Descendant of Donn- O'DONOHOE J CHADH [v. O'-, and Dona- ghie] 0' Donovan 47 'Grady O'DONOVAN (Celt.) the Ir. aDon{n)dhubhain = Descendant of Pon(n)dubhan [v. O'-, and Donovan] O'POWD \ (Celt.) the Ir. Ui Dubhda = (One O'DOWDA J of the) Descendants of Dubhda or DuBHDE [Ir. ui, pi. of ua or rf, grandson, descendant ; and see Dowd (Celt.] O'DRISCOLL (Celt.) the Ir. O'h-Eidirsceoil = Descendant of Eidirsceol [v. O'-, and + the intervocalic insertion h, and v. Driscoll] O'DUGAN (Celt.) the Ir. O'Dubhagain = De- scendant OF DUBHAGAN [ V. O'-, and Dugan] O'DWYER (Celt.) the Ir. O'Dmbhidhir = Descendant of Dubheidir, i.e. Black EiDiR [v. O'-, and + the genit. df dubh, black, dark 4- the genit. of Wdzr, sense, wisdom] ODY, v: Oddy. O'FALLON (Celt.) the Ir. O'Fallomhain = Descendant of Fallomhan [v. O'-, and Fallon] OFFER 1 OFFOR I 3ssim. forms of Orfeur.q.v. OFFLEY (Eng.) Bel. to OfQey (Herts, the A.-Sax. (roth cent.) 0#(j»-/ffcfA; ' Staffs", Domesday Offeleia, Offelie) = Offa's Lea [O.E. Offan-, genit. of Offa + ledh, a meadow, field] OFFORD (Eng.) i Bel; to Offord (Hunts), the A.-Sax. Ottanford = Otta's Ford [O.E. Ottan-, genit. oi,OUa (a var; of Otto, q.v.) + ford] a an assim. form of OrfoPd, q.v. , 0'FLAHERTY(CeIt.) their. O' Flaithbheartaigh = Descendant of Flaithbheartach [v. , O'-, and Flaherty] O'FLINN \ (Celt.) the Ir. O'Flainn ='De. O'FLYNN I SCENDANT OFFLANN.i.e. the Red [v. O'-, and + the genit. of Ir. jtann, red ; vlrhence also the name Flan(n)agan, with the doable dim. suff. -iSg-dti] Flann, or, as he is usually called, Flann of the Monastery, was a celebrated annalist, poet, and professor, who flourished at Monasterboice and died A.D. 1056.— Joyce, Irish Names of PI., ii. 148. . O'G ARA (Celt.) the Ir. 0'GarfAra= Descendant OF Gadhar, i.e. the Hound [v. O'-, and + the genit. of ^adAar (dA mute), a hound] OGBORN(E 1 (Eng.) Bel. to Ogbourne OQBOURN(E J (Wilts), -forta. Okeburne =the Oak (-bordered) Stream [O.'E.dc+bUrne: with c (li) voiced to g by the influence of the following voiced letter 6] OGDEN (Eng.) Bel. to Ogden (Lanes, Yorks, Hants, &c.) — a voiced form of Oakden, q.v. Elias de Akeden.— ^ Lane. Assize-Rolls, A.D. 1246-7. : Thomas Okeden. — Lanc.Fines,A.D. 1444. OGILVIE\ (Celt.) Bel. to Ogilvie (Forfar), OGILVY J early 13th cent. O^jtow [the first element may be the Pict. cognate of Wei. uchel, high ; and (if the physiography of the place bears it out) the second element may represent a mutated form of Wei. ban = Gael, beinn, a peak : but further , early forms are desirable] , The third son [of Gilibride, Earl of Angus, temp. David I.] Gilbert, assumed the surname of Ogilvy from lands so called in his possession, of which, with Powrie and Kyneithein in Angus, he had a charter in ^l^2.— Burke's Peerage, &c., s.n. 'Airlie'. OG LE (Teut.) 1 Bel. to Ogle (Northumb.), 12th- 13th cent. OggeKj, OggilQ, Oghell, Oghill, Ogel(l, Hoggel, etc. ['There is no real hill at Ogle'; so that in view ot the village- names Ogle(s)by and Oglethorp the Northumbrian place-name mus.t represent a pers. name (v. 2) with a lost local suff.] 2 the O.Scand. CEgel, (Egil [f , with dim. Stiff. -e)l, O.N. ag-, agi, awe, terror] (cp. Ayl-) ; and dec. the O.Scand. (Eguald-r, Aguald-r \uald, might] See Sir Henry A. Ogle's 'Researches into the Origin of the NaffleOgle' (1901); and his ' Ogle and Bothel' (1902). OGLEBY OGELBY OGILBY oglesby; (Scand.) Dweller at CEgel's, or cEguald's, Settlement or Farmstead [v. under Ogle', and + O.N. 6j)-r] OGLETHORP (Scand.) Bel. to Oglethorpe (Yorks),the Domesday Oglestorp = (Egel's , or CEguald's, Farm [v. under Ogle', and + O.N. ^orp] OG LEY (Eng.) Bel. to Ogley (Staffs), 1 5th cent. Oggeley, 1300 Oggeleye (app. included in, an estate c^alled A.D. 996 Ocgingtun) = = OcGA's or Ogga's Lea [O.E. ledh, a meadow: Ogga (genit. Oggan-) is seem- ingly a dim. form of one of the Os-g— names, such as Osgar, Qsgod, etc;] O'GORMAN (Celt.) the Ir. O'Gormain = Descendant of Gorman [v. O'-, and ! Gorman] O'GR/KDY (Ce]t)tM]r.O'Grdda = Descen- dant of GrAda [v. O'-, anij Grady] O'Hagan 48 Okie O'HAGAN (Celt.) the Ir. O'hAedhagain = De- scendant OF Aedhagan [v. O'-, and + the intervocalic insertion h+aedh, fire, ardour, and the geniti of the double dim. suff. -gdn {6g-tin\ O'HALLIGAN (Celt.) the Ir. O'h-Ailecain = Descendant of Ailecan, i.e. the Noble, Beautiful [v. O'-, and + the intervoca- licjnsertion h + ail, a stone, rock ; noble, beautiful, + the genit. of the double, dim. sufl. -can {-6c-dri\ O'HANLEY) (Celt.) the Ir. O'h-Ainlighe = O'HANLY /Descendant of Ainleach or AiNLE, i.e. the Comely,. Fair [v. O'-, and + the intervocalic h + the genit. of ainleach or ainle] O'HANLON (Celt.) [the Ir. O'h-Anluain = Descendant of Anluan, i.e. Noble Warrior [v. O'-, and + the intervocalic insertion h + aon, one, also noble, good, and the genit. of luan, a warrior, hero] O'HANNANUCelt.) i the Ir. O'h-Ainnin = O'HANNON J Descendant of Annin. 2 the Ir. O'h^Annain = Descendant of Annan [v. O'-, and -f the intervocahc insertion h + Ir. ann, skill, or anna, wealth ; with the genit. of the dim. suff.] O'HARA (Celt.) the Ir. O'h-Eaghra = De- scendant of Eaghra [v. O'-, and + the intervocalic insertion K\ Eaghra mac Poprigh*, tighearna Lui- ghne, Connacht [lord of Luighne, Con- naught]. — Ann. of the Four Masters, A.D. 926. *He is the ancestor from whom the Ui-Eaghra, or Cf Haras, of Leyny, in the coimty of Sligo, have derived their name. — A.F.M., note, ii. 620. O'HARE (Celt.) the Ir. O'h-Ir = Descendant OE Ear [v. O'-, and -f- the intervocalic in- sertion h + the genit. ol Ir. ear, east] O'HART (Celt.) the Ir. 0'/i-^irt= Descendant of Art, i.e. a Stone; Noble [v. O'-, and -|-the intervocalic insertion A -)-the genit. oi Art: v. under Arthur^] O'HARTIGAN (Celt.) = O'Hart (q.v.) with the double dim. suff. ig-dn. O'HAY \ (Celt.) the Ir. O'h-Aedha = Descei*!- O'HEA i DANT of Aedh, i.e. Ai^dour [v. O'-, and -f the intervocalic insertion h + the genit. of aedh, ardour, fire : cp. Wei. aidd, ardour] Cp. Mac Kay. O'HEALEY (Celt.) the Ir. O'h-Eilidhe = De- scendant of Eilidh, i.e. the Hind [v. O'-, and + the intervocalic insertion h + the genit. of eilidh, a hind] O'HEANY (Celt.) the Ir. O'h-Aonaigh = De- scendant of Aonach, i.e. the Prince [v. O'-, and + the intervocalic insertion h -H the genit. of aonach, a prince] O'HENERY (Celt.) the Ir. O'h-Inneirghe = De- scendant of Inderghe or Innerghe. Inderghe mac Mochdin (Innerghe, son of Mochan). — Ann. of the Four Masters, A,D. 953. O'HENNESSY (Celt.) the Ir. O'h-Aenghusa = Descendant OF Aengus: v! Angus [v.O'-, and + the intervocalic insertion h + the &s^. g&nii. oi Aengus\ O'HERAGHTY (Celt.) the Ir. O'h-Aireachtaigh ■ = Descendant of Aireachtach, i.e. the Nobleman [v. O '-, and + the intervocalic insertion h + aireach, a noble -1- the genit. of the plen. suff. -tacK\ O'HICKEYl (Celt.) the Ir. O'h-Icidhe = De- O'HICKIE J scendant of Icidhe, i.e. the Healer [v. O'-, and + the intervocahc insertion h + si deriv. from the root ic, to heal] O'HIGGIN \ (Celt.) the Ir. O'h-Uiginn = O'HIGGINS J Descendant of Uige, i.e.- a Jewel [v. O'-, and + the intervocalic insertion h -{■ the genit. of uige^ O'HYNE \ (Celt.) the Ir. O'h-Eidhin =I)E- O'HYNES J scendant of Eadhin [v. O'-, and -I- the intervocalic insertion h + the genit. of a dim. f. eadh, a guard, protection] O'KANE O'KEANE _ the Warrior [v. b'-, and + the genit. of cathdn, a dim. f. cath, war, warrior] OKE = Oak(e, q.v. O'KEEF 1 (Celt.) the Ir. O'Caoitnh (mhasv) O'KEEFE \ = Descendant of Caomh, i.e. O'KEEFFE J the Beautiful [v. O'-, and Keef(e] OKELL ] (Eng.) i Dweller at the Oak-Corner^ OK ILL J or Slope [O.E. rfc, oak-iree + heal(h, a corner ; heal (for heald), a slope] 2 for Oakhill, q.v. O'KELLY (Celt.) their. aCeallaigh^JiKScm- DANT of Ceallach : V. Kelly'. OKELY = Oakl(e)y, q.v. OKEOVER (Eng.) Bel. to Okeover or Oakover (Staffs), A.D. 1004 Acofre = the Oak (-tree) Bank (of the R. Dove) [O.E. dc + ofer] OKES = Oakes, q.v. "I (Celt.) the Ir. O'Cathain (th a? h) J = Descendant of Cathan, i.e. OKEYl OKIE J Oakey, q.v. Oldacre 45 Ollerhead OLDACRE "1 (Eng.) Dweller at the Old Field OLDAKER J [O.E. e)ald, old + acer, a field] OLDAM, V. Oldham. OLDBOROUGH for Oldbury, q.v. OLDBRAY for Oldbupy, q.v. OLDBURY (Ehg,) Bel. to Oldbury ; or Dwel;- ler at or by the Old Stronghold (Camp, Fort, Castle) [O.E. e)ald + hurh (dat^ r byrig\ The Wore. Oldbury occurs in a charter A.D. 972 (in the dative inflected form) as ' on Ealdanbyri. ' OLDCASTLE (Eng. -f Lat.) Bel. to Oldcastle; or Dweller at the Old Stronghold (or Fortified Camp) [O.E. e)ald + castel, Lat. casteli-uni] The remains of the old stronghold at Oldcastle in Cheshire (A.D. 1357-8, OldecasteT) were demolished about 1580. Oldcastle in Monmouth 'was once the residence of Sir John Oldcastle ; the re- mains ot the castle are slight' [Nat Gas.). OLDERSHAW (Eng.) Dweller at the Alder- Wood [M.E. alder, alter, O.E. aler, alder- tree+M.E. 'shaw(e, O.E. sc(e)aga, r wood] OLDHAM (Eng.) Dweller at i the Old En- closure or Field [O.E. e)ald + hamm} 2 the Old Holm (Riparian Land) , [Dial. E. holm, river-island, 'flat land near \ water '; O.E. Mm] Oldham, Lanes, early 13th ceiit. Aid- holm', 14th cent. Oldom, has three rivers, the Medlock, Irk, and Irwell. OLDIS 1 V. Aldis, Aldhous^. OLDYS / There is, however, a Scand. fem. pers. name Aldis, for Alfdis'= ' Elf-Maid' [O.N. dlf-r, elf + disi maid, goddess] OLDREY (Eng.) a descendant of the A.-Sax. pers. name Ealdric = Old Ruler [O.E. e)ald, old -f rlc-, ruler] OLDRID for Aldped, q.v. OLDRIDGE for Aldridge, Aldcioh, q.v. OLDROYD (A.-Scand.) Dweller at the Old Clearing [M.E. old, aid, O.E. e)ald, old + Dial.E. royd, a clearing : v. Royd] O'LEARY (Celt.) the Ir. O'Laoghaire = De- scendant of Laoghaire [v. O-', and Leary] O'LEHANE (Celt.) the Ir. O'Liathain {th as h) = Descendant of Liathan, i.e. the Grey [v. O'-, and -f- liatk, grey -|r the genit. of the dim. suff. -dti] OLGER for Alger, Algar, q.v. OLIFF ] (Scand.) the Scand. Olaf = OLLIFF , \ Ancestral Relic [O.N. Oleif-r; OLLIFFEJ f. O.N. di, great-grandfather + leif-r, rehc] There has been confusion with Olive (Lat.), q.v. OLIPHANT] (A.-Fr.-Lat.-Gr.) a nickname OLIVANT I and sign - name from the OLLIVANT J Elephant [M.E. olifant,olifaunt, ollivant, oliphatit, elyphaunt; O.Fr. olifant, elefant; I^at. elepha(tijs, -antis ; GT.i\i{e, O.E. sc(e)aga,'aL wood] OLLERTON (Eng.) Bel. to Ollerton, a torm of Allerton, q.v. OLLETT, a double dim. of (a) 01(l)ive (q-v.), (6) Oliver (q.v.) [Fr. dim. sXiff. -et] OLLEY I a double dim. of {a) OI(l)ive (q.v.), (6) Oliver (q.v.) [E. dim^suff. -e)yi 2 Bel. to (a) 0116 (Eure-et-Loire), A.D. IS57 Olley, 1466 Oleyum, 1224 Orleium. (6) Ouilly' (Calvados). Ouilly would normally giv6 an Anglicized Oyley (as in Doyley, q.v.) ; but the name without the preposition seems to have merged into Olley. Ouilly-du-Houlley in 1215 was Olleyum, 1 198 only, 1 1 80 Oilleiai Oilteya; Ouilly-la- Ribaude in the i6th cent, was Ouilleia, 1214 Oilleiala; Ouilly-le-Basset in 1277 was Oilleium; Ouilly-le-Tesson in 1371 was Ouilly, 11S5 Oillie (Wace, 'Rom.de Rou'), 1106 Oillei; Ouilly-le-Vicomte in 1279 occurs as Oilleium [app. f. a pers.' name 0(i)llius] Henry de Oily. — Testa de Nevill. OLLIER is a form of the Bret. Olier, for the Fr. Olivier: v. Oliver. Ernault, in his ' Diet. Bret.-Franf. du dial, de Vaunes', gives the form Oleir. OLLIFF OLLIFFE V. Oliff. OLLIS, OLLEys (Son): V. Olley'. OLLIVANT, V. Ollphant. OLLIVER, V. Oliver. OLNEY(Eng.) Bel. to Olney(Bucks), I3th-i4th- cent. Olneye, A.-Sax. Olfaneg = Olla's Island or Waterside Wllan-, genit. of Olla + O.Merc. 4?, O.E. fe island, etc.] O'LOGHLIN ] O'LOUGHLAN U. under Loughlin, Laoh- O'LOUGHLIN J lan(n. OLSEN (Scand.) Ole's or Olaf's Soi« : v, the Appendix of Foreign Names. OLVER, V. Under Oliver, noting the Dan.- Norw. Olver. OLYETT app. = OU, for Oliver (q.v.) + the the Fr. dita. suff. -et. O'MAHONEY"! (Celt.) the Ir. O'Mathghamhna O'MAHONY J = Descendant of MAThgh- AMHUIN, i-e. the Bear. O'M ALLEY (Celt.) the Ir. aMaille = Descend DANT OF Mall, i.e. the Slow, Tarjjy. OMAN, a Scottish surname, prob. represents (with dropped -d, as in Scot, roun' for round, pun' for p(o)und ; etc.) the Scand. Otnund, ' Aanpund\e,' (i) O.N. AmUn4ip Amund-r [f.' O.N. di, great-grafidfather + mund, hand, protector] (2) O.N. Agmund-r {CEgmund-r) [f. agi (ceg-), awe, terror 4- ■ mundj Rygh, in his work on ancient pers.' names in Norwegian place-names ('Gamie Personnavne i Norske Stedsnavne , 1901), notes, s.n. Amundi, a stead-name Ommund- rud ; and BiSrkmann, ' Nordische Per- sonennamen in England' (1910), remarks/ s.n. Amund, that the name is, not always definitely to be separated from Hamund. O'MARA 1 (Celt.) the Ir. O'Meara = De- O'MEARAJ scendant of Mear, i.e. the Merry. OMBLER, a form of Ambler, q.v. O'MELLY (Celt.) the Ir. O'Meallaigh = De- scendant OF Meallach, i.e. the Good, Pleasant. OMMANNEY doubtless = Oman (q.v-) + the E. dim. suff. -e)y; but the possibility of the suflf. being local (M.E. ey,iO.E.i{e)g, = O.N. ey, island, waterside; or even for M.E. Hey,hay, O.'E. htEgr, haga=O.N. hagi, a meatiow) cannot be excluded. 0'IVIULCONRY(Celt.) the Ir. 0'Maol-C(h)onaire = Descendant of the Disciple of CoNAiR,E [v. O'-, and + maol, servant, disciple -|- conaire : con(n, wisdom, sense + the pers. suff. -aire] The Anglicized Conroy is from this name as well as from the Ir. MacConrapi and O'Conraoi. (Celt.) Descendant of Niall: V. Neil(l [Ir. Ua Neitt, aNeill] O'NEAL O'NEIL O'NEILL ONELY] (Eng.) Bel. to Onely, Northants: ONLEY I i6th cent. 0«fey, Onelie; Onneley, ONLY J Staffs: Domesday .^«efe^e = i the Single Lea [M.E. on, one, ane, an, O.E. dn, one, single, unique-^M.E. 2^, lie, O.E. 'ledh, lea] 2 On(n)a's, or .S:n(n)a's, Lea. ONION (Celt.) for Enion, q.v. (Eng.) occ. conf. with Unwin, q.v. ONIONS I Onion's (Son) : v. Onion. 2 a nickname for an Onion-Seller [Fr. oignott, Lat. unto, -onis, onion] Onslow 51 Orger ONSLOW (Eng.) Bel. to Onslow (Salop), the Domesday Ondeslow [the second element , is O.E. hlAw, a (burial) mound, hfll : the ■ pers. name (in the genit.) may represent an A.-Sax. And(e (cp. O.E. anda, zeal, anger] ' Roger de Ondeslowe, Lord of Ondes- lowe in the liberty of Shrewsbury, 1231.' — Burkes Peerage. ONTHANK for Unthank, q.v. ONWHYN (13th cent. Onwinne) for Unwin, q.v. OPENSHAW (Eng.) Bel. to, Openshaw (Lanes), A.D. 1282 Opinschawe, Opynsawe,' A.D. 1322 Openshagh = the Open (app. Unen- - 'closed) Wood [M.E. open,opyn, etc., O.E. open (= O.N. opinn) + M.E. scjume, etc., O.E. sc{e)aga, a wood, copse] O'PHELAN (Celt.) the Ir. O'Faelain = De- scendant OF Faelan, i.e. the Little Wolf [v. O'-, and + the genit. of Ir, faelan = fael, faol, a wolf + the dim. suff., -rf«] OPIE r may be f. the A.-Sax. pers. name OPP(E)YT Oppa with the E, dim. suff. -ie,-e)y; but the name seems to be Confined to Cornwall, where (ace. to Lower) it occurs in the 15th cent, as Opye, and, later, Oppie, O'QUIN V(Celt.) the Ir. O'Cidnn = De- O'QUINN J scENDANT OF CoNN, i.e. the Wise [v. O'-, and + the genit. (cuinn) oi, conn, , wise] O'RAFFERTYl (Celt.) i the Ir. O'Raithbheart- O'RAVERTY \ aigh (fh mute, bh as v) = De- scendant OF RAITHBEARTACH.i.e., PROS- PEROUS, Rich [v. p'-, and + raith, prosperity, profit ; bHeartaigh, genit. of leartacji, rich] 2 the Ir, O'Rabhartaigh = Descendant OF Rabhartach or Robhartac&, i.e. the Red [v. O'-, and -f- robhar, red ; -taigh, genit. of the plen. suff, -tach] ORAM \ (Eng.) Dweller at the Enclosure on OREM J the River-Bank [O.E. dra, a bank, shore + ham(m, a piece of land, enclosure] Ovyram, Yorks, is Oure in Domesday Book. An Orham occurs in a loth-cent. Berkshire charter. ORAN (Celt.) the Ir. Odhran = Of Pale Complexion [Ir. odhar (dh mute), pale, sallow + the dirn, suff. -dh] St. Patrick's charioteer was St. Odhran. ORCHARD (Eng.) Dweller at a Fruit-Garden [O.E. ortgeard] ORCHARDSON ( Eng. ) prob: represents 'Orchardward s Son'lO.Eiorigeard-V>{e)ard, a gardener ; sunu, son] ORD ) (Eng.) I Dweller at a Point or Head- 0RD£ I LAND [O.E. ord, a point ; spear] Ord, Northumb., was Orde in the 13th cent. 'In Suffolk a promontory is called an orrf.'— Halliwell, p. 590. 2 the common A.-Saxon name-stem Ord- [same etyipdlogy : O.E. ord also meant 'chief,' 'prince'] (Celt.) Dweller at a Conical Hill [Gael, ord] ORDISH (Eng.) Bel. to (High) Ordish, nr. Matlock [the second element seems to be the O.E. edisc, a park, pasture: early forms are necessary to decide whether the first elerrient is O.E. dra, a bank, or the A.-Sax. pers. name Ord{a] 'The name is pretty frequent in Derby- shire, especially between Derby and Burton-on-Trent.'— T. F. Ordish, F.S.A. ORDWAY (Eng.) the A.-Sax. Ordwig=Sl'EA.R- War or -Warrior [O.E. ord,spezi + w(g, war ; ivlga, warrior] Ordwi is fairly common in, Domesday Book, O'REILLY! ( Celt. ) ^^'^ ^^- O'Raghallaigh, O'RILEY 1 O'Raighilligh = Descendant of Raghallach or Roghallach, i.e. Valiant, Warlike [v. O'-, and + the genit. of raghallach = rdghalacK] ORFEUR (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Goldsmith [M.E. O.Fr. orfeure, otfevre (mod. Fr. orfhxre) ; Lat. aur-um, gold + faber, smith] Peter le Oiieure.^Hund. Rolls- ORFORD (Eng.)Bel.toOrford=i the Cattle- Ford [O.E. or/', cattle -|- /«-rf] (occ.) 2 the Upper Ford [O.E. cfer, upper + ford] Orford iri Suffolk (13th cent. Oreford) is, however, the 'Ford over the R. Ore.' ORGAN (Celt.) the Ir. Odhrgan = the PalE [Ir. orfAar (i/A mute), pale, sallow 4- the double dim. suff. -gdn (dg-dn] Cp. Hopgan. (A.-Fr.) app. meton. for OpganePi q.v. ORGANER (A.-Fr.) Organ-Maker; OrgAn- Player [M.E. organer^organ (Fi, organe; ' Lat. organ-um, Gr. ipyav-ov — whence O.E.organori — an instrument) -|-the agent. suff. -er] Peter leOrganer. — Pari. Writs. ORGAR "I (Eng.) the A-Sax.Ordgar [O.E. ord, ORGERJ aspear; front, van; prince -i- gdr, . a spear] Oriel 52 Orret The most famous bearer of this, fairly common A.-Sax. name was the Devon- shire Ealdormati whose daughter JE[i\>T^}f King Eadgdr married, as recorded in the Chronicle A.D. 965^ ...he6 [she] Waes Ordgares dohtor ealdor- mannes. The Domesday torms are Ordgar and Orgar. ORIEL \ (A.-Fr.-Lat.) a nickname from the ORIOL J Oriole, i.e. tlie Golden Thrush [O.Fr. oriol; Lat. aureol-us, golden, splen- did] L' oriol cante dous et bas. — Larchey, quot. p. 350. ORLEBAR"! app. corrupt forms of Orlingbury, ORLEBERJq.v. The surname occurs in the neighbourhood of Orlingbury. ORLINGBURY (Eng.) Bel. to Orlingbury (Northants),i3th cent. Orlin^ir, doubtless for an A.-Sax. Arlinglurh = Arling's Stronghold [the pers. name (found in Domesday Book as Arling-us) is f. O.E. dr, honour, dignity, benefice, prosperity, . etc. ; with the double dim. suff. -l-ing — |- burh (dat. byrig), a fortified place] ORM "I (Scand.) Serpent; (fig.) Ship (from ORMEj, the serpent-figurehead) [O.N.orm-r] Orm was a favourite Scand. name (often appearing in England as Urm) ; and it is common in Domesday Book. Robert fiz Orme. — La,nc. Assize-Rolls, A.D. 1284. ORMANDY, surmised by Bardsley (prob. cor- rectly), from local knowledge, to be a , corrupt form of Osmunderlaw, an early form of Osmotherley, a N. Lanes place- name : V. Osmotherley. ORMEROD] rScand.) Bel. to Ormerod ORMROD ■ (Lanes), early-i4th-cent. Orme- ORMROYdJ rode = Orm's Clearing [v. Opnrj ; and + O.N. ru'S, a clearing in a wood] ORMES, Orme's (Son): v. Orme. 8RMfs^H"E^R''}f°^0'""«»'^«'1-- ORmIon'^ } Orm(e)'s Son : v. Opm(e. ORMISTON (Scand.) Bel. to Ormiston = Orm's Homestead [v. Orm; and + O.N. tiin\ The Haddington place-name Ormiston was so spelt in the 13th cent. The Lane. Urmston occurs as Ormiston and Ormeston in the 13th cent. ORMOND 1 (Celt.) One from Ormond (Ire- ORMONDEj land), the Ir. Oir-mumhan (mh mule) = East Mumhan (Mun.ster)' [Ir. oir, east] The -d in Ormond is excrescent. ORMSBEE 1 (Scand.) Bel. to Ormsby = Orm's ORMSBY J Earm or Estate [v. Onm ; and + b.N. 6ji-r] The i3th-cent. spelling of the various Orrasbys (Lines, Norf., etc.) was usually Ormesby. ORMSHAW (Scand. -|- Eng.) Bel. to Ormshaw = Orm's Wood [v. Orm ; and -f M.E. shaw, O.E. sc{e)aga = O.N. sk6g-r, a wood] We find Ormeshaw as a Lane, surname in the i6-i7th cent. ORMSHIRE for Ormshaw, q.v. ORMSTON, V. Ormiston. ORNSBY is more likely to be for Hornsby (q.v.) than for Ormsby^ O'RORKE \ (Celt.) the Ir. O'Ruairc = De- O'ROURKEJ scendant of Ruarc, i.e. the Little Chum [v. O-', and -F the genit. of Ruarc — ru, dear friend ; ate, little] ORPED (Eng.) Bold, Valia'nt, Stout [M.E. orped(e, bold, etc. j O.E. orped, grown up, active] Walter le Orpede.— ffMBrf. Rolls. OR PEN 1 I said to be French and to represent ORPIN Jan earlier Erpen [perh, f. the Cont. Teut. cognate of O.E. eixrp, eorp, dark ; with the Fr. dim. suff. -w] ' 2 descendants of the A.-Sax. Eorpwine = Swarthy Friend [O.E. eorp, dark, swarthy -(- •jaine, friend] ORR (Celt.) Pale, Sallow [Gael, and Ir. odhar (dh mute] Poss. there has been some confusion with Oar(e. ORRELL ) (Eng.) Bel. to Orrell (Lanes'), 13th ORRILL \ cent. Orhul, Horhul, Orul, Orhil, Orhill,etc.\The second element is the M.E. hil, hul, etc., O.E. hyll, a hill : and if the identifications of the Domesday Otegrimele and Oiringemele with the Wigan and Sefton Orrell respectively are correct Or- may be the attenuated representative of the Scand. pers. names O'Sgrim or AvIS- grim and Ottaring {-ing, 'son' suff.); although Otringemele implies as second element the O.N. meW, 'a stretch of sand'] ORRET (Eng.) Warrior, Champion [O.E. dretta, oreta] Orrock 53 Osmer ORROCK, app. for Hoppook, q.v. ORTON (Eng.) Bel. to Ortoti = i the Shore or Bank Farmstead or Estate [O.E. ira, also dfer, shore, bank + tun] 2 the Upper Farmstead, etc. [O.E. ofer + iuti] 3 Orda's Estate [Orda, i. O.E. ord, a spear] 1: Orton, or Oreton, Staffs, was the 'Domesday Overtune, and in the 13th century was Overton and Orton. The Cumberland Orton was Orreton c. 1300. O'RYAN (Celt^ the Ir. 0'J?mj'«= Descendant OF Rian, I.e. the Kinglet [v. O'-, and + n, a king, prince + the genit. of the dim. suff. -dn\ OSBALD (Eng.) God-Bold [O.E. ds, a god + l{e)ald, bold] OSBALDESTON (Eng.) Bel. to Osbaldeston' OSBALDISTON I (Lanes) = Osbald's OSBALDSTON J Estate or Manor [v. Osbald, genit. Osbaldes + O.E. tun] Thomas de Osbaldeston. — Lacy Inq. P.M., A.p. 131 1. 0|B|«N^}v.0sb0Pn(e. OSBERT(Eng.) God-Bright [A.-Sax. Osberht, Osbriht—ds, a god -|- be(p)rht, briht, bright, glorious, noble] Osbriht, a king of Northuiribria, was killed at York, A.D. 867, in a conflict with the Danes. Osbert is the Domesday form. OSBORN \ (A.-Scand.) The^OM. Asbiorn OSBORNE = Divine Bear [O.N. ds-, OSBOURN • divine [dss, a god) + biorn, a OSBOURNE bear] was Anglicized Osbeorn, OSBURNE 7 Osbern, Osborn [OX rfj,,^ god + be{o)rn, a warrior] Two famous Osberns were killed in the same battle A.D, 1054 — Osbern Pentecost, the Norman, fighting for Macbeth ; and Osbern, the son of Earl Siward, with his father at the head of the ultimately victor- ious Northumbrians. Osbern is common in Domesday Book. OSCROFT (Teut.) Dweller at i the Ox-Croft [O.E. oxa, genit. pi. oxna, an ox -|- croft, a small field] Stephen de Ox.ecroit.-^Hund. Rolls. 2 the East Croft [ost, a N. and East, dial, form (cp. Dan.-Norw. ost) of E. eait, O.E. east + croft] 3 OuTH's (AutS(r)'s) Croft [O.N. am-r, . , wealth] • Adam de Outhescr'oft (Oscroft).— Chesh. Chmbrlns.' Acets., A.I>. 1303-4. OSQATHORP \ (Scand.) Bel. to Osgathorpe OSGATHORPEHLeic.) = Osgod's (As- gaut's) Farm [v. under Osgood, and + O.N. ]>orp] OSGERBY (Scand:) i Dweller at Osgar's (Asgeir's) Farmstead or Estate [the pers. name is compounded of O.N. ds-, divine, and geir^r, spear h Jji-r] 2 for Osgodby, q.v. OSGODBY (Scand.) Bel.to Osgodby = Osgot's (Asgaut's) Farmstead or , Estate [v. under Osgood, and -f- O.N. b^-r] The Yorks and Lines Osgodbys were MsaaWy Osgot{e)by in the 13th, cent. OSGOOD (A.-Scand.). The O.N. ^5^a«; = Divine Gaut [O.N. ds-, divine {dss, a god) -1^ the national name (S. Sweden) Gaut-r] was Anglicized Osgot, Osgod [O.E. 6s, a god] See the reference to Osgod Clapa under CI app. O'SHAUGHNESSY (Celt.) the Ir. O'Seachnas- aigh = Descendant of Seachnasach [app. lit. Ir. seach, a turn ; nasach, customary; but Dr. Joyce thinks that the name shotild be divided thus : Seach-n^as-ach—seach-n, second-|- -as, abstract termination-!- the common plen. suff.-acA] O'SHEA] (Celt.) the Ir. O'Seaghdha = De- O'SHEE J SCENDANT OF Seaghdha, i.e., Stately, Majestic [Ir. seaghdha] OSKELL (Scand. Askell), a contr. ot Oskettle, q.v. OSKETTLE (A.-Scand.) The O.N. Asketil(l [O.N. ds-, divine (dss, a god) -|- ketill, a (sacrificial) cauldron] was Anglicized Oscytel [O.E.. 6s, 'a god -|- -cytel, cetel, a < kettle, cauldron] A Danish king Asketil is referred to as Oscytel in the A.-Sax. Chronicle A.D. 875. The Domesday form is usually Oschetel {ch as k), OSKIN, a dim. of one of the Os- pers. names -I- the E. dim. suff. -kin [O.L.Ger. -k-ln]\ ' Osekin.— if«Mi. Rolls. OSKINS, Oskin's (Son) : v. Oskin. OSLER for Ostler, q.v. OSMAN "1 (Teut.) i for Ostman (East Man), OSMON J the name given to a Danish settler in Ireland [Dan.-Norw. ost, east] 2 for Osmund, q.v. OSMAN D for Osmund, q.v. OSMAR"! (Eng.) God-Glorious [the A.-Sax. OSMER J Osmcer—ds, a god -f- mcfere, glorious, famous] Ojfffi^r was the name of the English soldier whose head, when he was killed Osment 54 Oughton by Eadricat the battle of Sceorstan (A.D,. 1016), was boastingly paraded as that of King Eadmund, whom Osmaer was said to closely resemble. OSMENT for Osmund, q.v. OSMOND l(Eng. and Scand.) Divine Pro- OSMUND J TECTOR [A.-Sax. Osmund— ds, a god + mund, hand, protector: O.N. ' Asmund—ds, divine (lisj, a god) + mund] Osmund was the name of an eighth- dentiiry king of the South Saxons ; and I this form is common in Domesday Book. OSMOTHERLEY (Scand. + Eng.) i Bel. to Osmotherley (Lanes), 13th cent. Osmund- erlawe = Osmund's or Asmund's Tumulus or HilIock [v. under Osmond; O.N. genit. form Asmundar + O.E. A/c6w, a (burial) mound] 2 Bel. to Osraoth'erley (Yorks), 13th cent. Osmunderley, Domesday Asmundrelac =OsMUND's or Asmund's Lea [V. under I and + M.E. Uy, OX. Udh\ OSTLE (Scand.) a contr. of Oskettle, q.v. OSTLER (A.-Fr.-Lat.) orig. Innkeeper, which is -the present meaning of the Fr. hotelier [M.E. ostiler, hostiler; O.Fr. hostelier, f. hostel (mod. Fr. hdtet), L.Lat. hospitaW] O'SULLIVAN (Celt.) the Ir. O'Suileabhain = Descendant of SuiLEAB(H)AN, i.e. Light or White Eye [v. O'-, and + sMl, an eye + a phon. insertion + the genit. of hdn, light, white] OSWALD (Eng. and Scand.) Divine Power [O.E. 6s = O.N. dss ids-, divine), a god+ O.E. w{e)ald = O.N. waW, power, might] The most famous historical bearer of this name was the Northumbrian christian king Oswald who fell A.D. 642 in a battle with Penda, king of the Mercians. This / battle is traditionally reputed to have taken place at or near Oswestry, formerly dswaldestre, i.e. Oswald's pross, which , the Welsh called by their , equivalent Croes Pswallt. The locality does not, ■ however, seem to be a likely one for a conflict between Northumbrian and Mer- cian troops. An earlier ' Oswald's Cross,' that eredted by the saint-king near Hex- ham, before his victorious encounter with the British King Caedwalla (?s related by Bseda, 'Hist. Eccl.'i iii. 2), "decided the fate of Britain for ever." ' The modern DanoyNorwegian forms are Aasvald, Osvdld. OSWELL OSWILL jfor Oswald, q.v. OSWIN (Ene. and Scand.) God-Friend [O-E. 6s = O.N. dss, a god -1- O.E. wine = O.N. uin-r, friend] Oswine was a 7th-cent. king of Deira ; and the name occurs in ' WidsItS ' (1. 53) as the ruler of the Eowas — Oswine vve6ld Eowum. OTFORD (Eng.) Bel. to Otford (Kent), the A.-Sax. Ottanford =Otta'sFord [Ottan-, genit. of Otta + ford] OTLEY 1 (Eng.) Bel. to Otley (Yorks: OTTLEY J Domesday Othelai:, Suff.: 13th cent. Otteley?) — Otta's Lea [M.E. ley{e, O.E. ledh, lea] O'TOOLE (Celt.) the lij. O'Tuathail (th as h)= Descendant of Tuathal, i.e. the Left- handed [v. O'-, and -1- the genit. of Ir. tuathal, lefthanded, awkward] OTTAWAY for Otway, q.v. OTTER (A.-Scand.). The 6.N. Ottarir for 0«Aar= Terrible Army [Q.N. 6tti, terror, dread + -har, her-r, army] was Anglicized Ohter ('A.-Sax. Chron.', A.D. 911, 918), Ohthere ('Beawulf,' 5857, etc.). The modern Scand. forms are Ottar, Aattar, Otter, etc. StSylen ('Norske DObenavne,' p. 70) says that this name is often confused with the German Otto. (Teut.) I the O.Ger. Other = Prosper- ous Army [O.H.Ger. 6t, prosperity -1- heri, army] 2 a nickname from the Otter [M.E. oter(e, O.E. oter, ottor = O.N. otr = Ger. ' and Dut. otter] Walter Otet.—Hund. Rolls. OTTEWELL ] (Teut.) the M.E. Otewel, Otuel; OTTIWELL \ 'A..Sax. Chron.' A.D. 1I20, OTTWELL J Otorf [the first element is app. O.N. 6tti= O.E. 6ht, fear, dread: the second is rather O.N. a//, device, instrument, machine,- than Scaud. uel = O.E. weld, ' I weal] OTTO (Teut.) Prosperity, Wealth [Teut. Otto (Otte),0tho,0do, t.O.H.Ger. o/ = O.Sax. 6d = O.N. au'S-'r (occ. conf. with odd-r, a spear) = O.E. edd, prosperity, wealth, etc.; sometimes intended as a dim. of an Ot-, Od-, etc., name] Ich wolt hern Otten milte nach der lenge mezzen. — Walther von der Vogel- weide, ' Otto und Friedrich,' i. OTTWAY 1 (Teut.) for the Teut. Otwig = OTWAY J Prosperous War [O.H.Ger. dt, = O.Sax. 6d, prosperity, wealth -|- Tvlg, war] OUGHTON for Aughton, q.v. Oughtred 55 Owen OUGHTRED (Eng.) the common A.-Sax.Uhtred = Spritk-Counsel [O.E. Mt = wiht, a sprite, creature + reed, counsel, advice] , Uctred is tlie usual Domesday form. See Ughtred. OULD (Eng.) Old [O.E. e)dtd] bULDS, OuLD's (Son): v. Ould. • OULTON (Eng.) Bel. to Oulton = the Old Farmstead or Hamlet [O.E. e)ald + tiin] Oulton, Staffs, was Oldeton in the 13th Cent. ; Oulton, Chesh., was Olton in the 14th cent. ; Oulton, Suff., is also known as Oldton. OUSBY (Scand.),Bel. to Ousby (Cumh.), anc. Ulfsiy = Ulf's Estate [the genit. of O.N. iilf-r, wolf + by-r, estate, farm] OUSTON. Bel. to Ouston. The Northern Oustons prob. (but not. certainly) have the same origin for their first element as Ousby (q.v.) ; but . the Leicester Ouston was anc. Osulweston = Osulf's or Oswulf's Estate [the genit. of Osulf, 0«i)«(/'— O.E.(fa = O.N. flss (in compds. ^-), a god + O.E. vjulf = O.N. Alf-r, wolf— + tAii] OUTERBRIDGE (Eng.) Bel. to Oaghterbridge or Oughtibridge (W., Yotks) [the first element is doubtless the pers. name seen in the Cumberland place-nam^Oughterby, viz. the Anglicized form, Ohthere, of the O.N. OftAar: V. Otter (A.-Scand.). (The Irish place-name component Oughter- is the Ir. uachdar, upper] OUTRAM (Teiit.) Prosperous Raven [O.H.Ger. 6t = O.N. auS-r, prosperity + O.H.Ger. h)ram = O.N. hramn, a raven] OUTRED for Oughtred, q.v. OUTTRIM for Outram, q.v. OUVRY (A.-Fr.-Lat.) the Fr. Ouwe, Ouway, forms of Auvray or Aubray: v. Aubreys (Fr.-Lat.) OVEN (Celt.) Dweller at the Caves [Gael. uamhan (nth as v) = Ir. tiamhanna ; uamh, a Cave] OVENDEN (Eng.) Bel. to Ovenden (Yorks), 14th cent. Ovenden [the second element is the O.E. denu, a valley: it is uncertain whether the first eleinent is O.E. of en, a furnace, or the genit.. Of an-, of the A.-Sax. pers. name O/iz (/as v\ OVENS = Oven (q.v.) with the Eng. genit., or pi,, -s affix. OVER (Eng.) Bel. to Over ; or Dweller at a River-Bank or a Shore [O.E. ofer] John de Ovexc-^Hund. Rolls. OVERALL (Eng.)Bel.toOverhall; or Dweller at I the Bank-Hall [O.E. tifer, a bank, shore -f halT\ 2 the Bank or Shore Corner [O.E. h{e)al{K\ or Slope [O.E. h{e)al{d = O.N. hall-r\ There are at least three places Overhall or Over Hall in Essex. OVERBURY (Eng.) Bel. to Overbury ; or Dweller at i the (River-) Bank or Shore Stronghold [O.E. 6fer, a bank, shore, edge -I- burh (dat. byrig), a fortified place]. 2 the Upper, or Higher, Stronghold [O.E. ofer,^ upper; ufera (cpv.), higher, upper] The Wore. Overbury was Uferdbyrig (dat. case) A.D. 875. OVEREND (Eng.) Dwellpr at i the Upper, or Higher, End [O.E. ofer + ende] 2 the Bank- or Shore-End [O.E. dfer + ende] OVERS, genit., or pi., of Over, q.v. OVERTON (Engp Bel. to Overton = i the Upper, or Higher, Farm or Hamlet [O.E. ofer + tAn] 2 the Bank or Shore Farm or Hamlet [O.E. 6fer + tun] OVERY (Eng.) Bel. to Overy ; or Dweller at I the Upper, or Higher, Hay or En- closure [O.E. ofer + hag-, haga] 2 the Bank or Shore Hay or En- closure {O.'E.ifer + hceg-, haga] Robert Overhe. — Hund. Rolls. (Fr.) for Ouvpy, q.v. OVINGTON (Eng.) Bel. to Ovingtori = the Estate of the Ofa or Ufa Family [A.-Sax. *0f- *Ufinga-tun • inga, genit. pi. of the fil. sufF.-!»^-|-;a'«, estate, manor,. etc.] The Hampshire Ovington occurs in a loth-cent. Latin charter as Ufinctun. OWEN. The Welsh and Irish Anglicized Owen, O.Wel. Owein = Ir. Eoghan (O.Ir. Eogan) = Gael. Edghann are prob. from Lat. Eiigenius, Gr. Bfryei/^s = WELL-BciRN [Gr. eS-, noble -f- 7^yos, race, descent] Cormac's Glossary gives this, origin for £o^a« (one MS. Eo^en) ; and Zimmer con- siders Owen to be borrowed from 'Lat. Eugenius, as noted by MacBain, p. 400. The mediaeval Latinizatipn of Owen as Oenus led to a belief that the etymology was the Wei. and Bret, oen, ' a lamb.' With much stronger reason it was at one time considered that the namerepresen ted Ir. eoghutin — Gael, ogan- [f. O.Ir. oc = Wei. og, young], 'youth.' Owens 56 Packer Owein brenhin y Picteit (Owen, king of the Picts). — Bruty Tywysogion, A.D. 736. Maredud uab Owein (Meredith son of Owen) Bruty Tywysogion, A.D. 986. Owein uab Uryen . — 'larlles y ffynnawn ' (Lady of the Fountain); MMnogion. ' Efighan, dim. ESghainin = Owen, Eugene." — T. Ua Concheanainn, Mion - Chomhrddh, p. 126. Cp. Ewan. OWENS, Owen's (Son) : v. Owen. In Irish, this name is O'h-Eoghain. OWLE (Eng.) a nickname, or sign-name, from the Owl [O.E. rife] OWLER (Scand.) Dweller by an Alder [O.N. olr = O.E. alor] OWLES, Owle's (Son) : v. Owle. OWSTON, V. Ouston. Ouston, Leic, is also known as Owston. OWTRAM j^.outram. (Eng,) Dweller at thfe Ox- Hill [O.E. oxa, pi. oxan, genit. pi. oxna+ be{o)r'g, a hill] OWTTRIM OXBERRY OXBORROW OXENBERRY OXENDEN(Eng.)Bel.toOxen'don(Northants: 1,3th cent. Oxendon) J or Dweller at the Ox-Hill [O.E. oxa, pi. oxan, genit. pi. oxna + O.E. dun, a hiU] OXENFORDl (Eng.) Bel. to Oxford, the OXFORD J A.-Sax. Oxnaford (as in the OXLEE OXLEY Chronicle A-D. qio— 't6 Oxnaforda') = the Ford of the Oxen [O.E. oxna, genit. pi. ot oxa, an ox -1- ford] ' Sire Clerk of Oxenford,' oure hoste sayde. — Chaucer, The Clerkes Tale of Oxenford, i. OXEN HAM (Eng.) Dweller at the Ox-Pasture [O.E. oxa, pi. oxan, genit. pi. oxna+ham{my OXLADE (Eng.) Dweller at i the Oak-Slade [O.E. dc + slced, a valley] 2 the Ox Way or (Water) course [O.E. oxa, an ox, genit. pi. oxna + Idd, a way, etc.] Michael de Ocslade. — Hund. Rolls. "I (Eng.) Dweller at the Ox-Lea J [O.E. oxa, genit. pi. oxna + ledh] OXNARD (Eng.) Oxen-Herd [O.E. oxa, pi- oxan + hierde, a herd] Johannes Oxinhird. — Yorks Poll-Tax, A.D. 1379. OXSPRINGT (Eng.) Bel. to Oxspring (Yorks: OXPRING I 13th and 14th cent. Oxpring); or Dweller at the Ox-Spring [O.E. oxa, pi. oxan + spryng, a source of water] OXTED (Eng.) Bel. to Oxted ; oi' Dweller at the Ox-Stead [O.E. oxa, pi. oxan + stede, a place] OXTON (Eng.) Bel. to Oxton = i the Ox- Enclosure [O.E. oxa, genit. pi. oxna + tun, enclosure, etc.] 2 Occ's, or Ocg's^ Estate [O.E. tun\ Alexander de Ockeston, — Hund. Rolls. . OYLER, a var, of Owler, q.v. PACE (A.-Lat.-Gr.-Heb.), a variant of Pa(i)8h. q.v. William Pace.— r^to de Nevill. Easter-eggs are still called pace-eggs in the North of England. (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Bel. to Pas (France) ; or Dweller at a Pas% or Track [A.-Fr. pace, pas, Lat. pa^s-us\ PACK \ (A,-Fr.) the French Pajwe = j One PACKE J born during the Passover Festival or Eastertide [Fr. pdque, O.Fr. pasque, Lat. pascha, Gr. Trdtcrxa; Heb. pesakh, a passing-over] 2 a der. f. Teut. : v. under (Eng.) Paque (without a dim. suif.) is now un- common in France. (Eng.) I the A. - S^x. pers. name Pcec{c)- [either f. an O.Teut. word seen in O.N. pakki (m.) = Dut. pak = Ger. pack, a pack; or O.E. /"ceca, deceiver: cp. the place - name Packington] 2 meton. for Packman, q.v. John fll. Pake.— Hund. Rolls. WiUiam Pakke.— dp. PACKARD, the French Pac(c)ard (fairly com- mon) [v. under Pack(e, and -|- the Fr. dim. (or intens.) suff. -ard, O.Teut. hard, hard] PACKENHAM, v. Pakenham. PACKER (Eng.) Packman, Pedlar ; Packer [M.E. packere, etc., f. M.E. packe, a pack : V. under Paok(e, (Eng.] Packham William le Packere. — Plac. Dom. Cap. Westtn. Mathew le Pakkere.— CAarter Rolls- PACKHAM (Eng.) Bel. to Packham = P^cca's Home or Estate. [A.-Sax. *PcBcca(n-hdm: V. under Pack(e (Eng.), and + O.E. hdm\ PACKINGTON (Eng.) Bel. to Packington = the Estate of the P.a/, pale, stake] ' PAILES, genit., and pi., of Pail(e, q.v. PAILLARD (A.-Fr.-Lat. -|- Teut.) Profligate, Wanton ; Beggar [M.E. O.Fr. paillard, i. Lat. palea, chaff, straw -|- the Fr. intens. suff. -ard, O.Frank, hard, hard: 'Id6e foncifire : qui couche ou qui se vautre sur la paille.' — Stappers, p. 200] PAILTHORP \ (Eng.) Bel. to Pailthorpeor PAILTHORPEJ Palethorpe (said to be the name of a chapelry in Notts) [v. under Pail(e and + O.E. \orp, a farm, hamlet] PaIneI =Payn(e,q.v. PANE^^} PAiNE's(Son): v. Paln(e, Payn(e. PAIRPOINT for Pierpont, q.v. PAISH = Pash, q.v. PAISLEY. Bel. to Paisley, the i2th-cent..Pas- seleth and Paisleth, i6th-cent. Passele [the proposed etymology of the second element, Gael, leathad, a slope, hillside, suits the topography of the old town : ' the ancient part occupies the slopes and summit of a declivity.' — Gaz. Scot, ed. Lawson] Pake 58 Pankhurst PAKE, V. Pack(e. PAKEMAN I Pake's Man (-Servant), 2 V. Packman. PAKENHAM (Eng.) Bel. to Pakenham (Suff/), in a ' late version of the vyill of Bishop Theodred (c. 950), Pakenhdm, doubtless for A,-Sax. Pac{c)an-hdm = P.ffi:c(c)A's Home or Estate [v. undeir Pack(e (EngO PAKES, Pake's (Son): v. Pake, Pack(e. PALETHORPE, v. Pailthorpe. PALEY (Eng.) Bel. to Paley (Yorks), 14th cent. Palay [M:.'E..lay,ley,0.t.ledh,3.\&a.: the first element is prob. O.E. pdl, a pole, ' stake; but earlier forms of the name are desirable] . PALFREY 1 (A.-Fr.-Lat., etc.) a nickname PALFRY J from the saddle-horse so called [M.E. paiefrai, palfrei, O.Fr. palefreiimoA. Fr. palefroi) ; l..La.t. paraveredus, an extra post-horse] PALFREYER = Palfrey (q.v.) -f- the agent, suff.-^r. PALFREYMAN PALFREEMAN PALFREMAN PALFRIMAN ' PALFRYMAN Palfrey - Keeper , [M,E. ■ palfreymaH, pcilfrey-keeper : V. under Palfrey, and + E. maii] PALG RAVE (Eng.) Bel. to Palgrave (Buff.; • Norf.)=ithe Pole or Stake Grove [O.E. pdl + grdf] The Suffolk place was Palegravein an iith-cent. will; the Norfolk harnlet was , Palegrave in the 14th cent. PALJN, the French PaKw, app. the Cont.-Teut. cognate of the A.-Sax. name-'stem Pal- (v. under Paling) -)- the Fr. dim. suff. Hn [Lat, -in-us\ ratherthan f. O.Fr. pale (mod. pdle), pale, pallid [Lat. pallid-us] ' PALING (EngO Bel. to Paling or Palling (Norf.) = (the Estate of the) Pal(a Family [A.-Sax. Palingas: the pers. name-stem is app.O.E;/»rf/(m.) = O.N.^rfH (m.),a kind of hoe or spade -)- nngas, pi. of the fil. suff. -ing;, gehit. pi. -inga, as in the Palinga- of a Sussex charter of King Eadred,A.D. 953. (Fr.) = Pal in (q.v.) with added -g. PALISER (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Palisade- or Fence- Maker [Fr. paliS, a pale, fence of pales ; f. pal, a pale, Lat. fal-us, a stake 4- the ' agent, suff. -w] PALISTER = Paliser (q.v.), but with thefem. agent, suff. -Jte;^ [O.E. -wfre] PALLARD = Paillard, q.v. PALLAT "I the French Pallat, Palat [v. under PALLATT J Palin ; and + the Fr. dim. suff. -all PALLET \ the French Pallet, Palet [v. under PALLETT 1 Palin; and -H the Fr. dim., suff. -ei\ John Palet.— , Kirby's Quest (Soms.), A.p. 1327. PALLIARD = Paillard, q.v. PALLI S \ (A.-Fr.-Lat.) i DWeller at a Fenced , PALLES J Enclosure [Fr. palis; i. Lat.pal-us, a stake] 2 Dweller at or by a Palace [A.-Fr. pdleis \ Lat. palatiu'm\ PALLISER = Paliser, q.v. PALLISTER = Palister, q.v. PALMER (A.-Lat.) Palm-Bearing Pilgrim (from Falestipe) {M.E. palmer(e;O.E.palm + the agent, suff. -ere ; Lat. palma, a palm-tree] Ralph le Palmere.— /f«»rf. Rolls. And whan I come to the kirk, And sholde knele to the roodfe, And preye for the peple .... For pilgrymes and ibr palmeres. — ■ Piers Plowman, 2679-83. Whpre with ray hands I hewed a house Out of a craggy rocke of stone, And lived like a palmer poore Within that cave iliyself alone.-^ 'The Legend of Sir Guy': Vevcy's Reliques. The corresponding French Paulmier and Paumier are not .nearly so common in France as Palmer is in this country ; and there is now confusion with the Fr. paumier, a tennis-court keeper. , PALSER for Paliser, q.v PAMPHILON PAMPLIN PAMPLING Ace. to T. Wright ('Prov. Dict.')^a»!/> j'Kob' occurs in HoUyband's ' Dictionarie,' A.D. 1 593, with the definition : ' a coat of diiier- ent colours, formerly worn by servants' ; but I cannot find the word there. PAN COAST, a well-known American corrupt form of Pankhurst, q.v. ' PANCRUST for Pankhurst, q.v. PANG BORN 1 (Eng.) Bel. to Pangbourn PANG BOU RN \ (Berks), A.D. 843-4 Pteginga- PANG BOURNE J burna = the Br,ook of the Pmg{a. Family {-inga, genit, pi. of the fil. suff. -ing ; burna, a brook] PANKHURST (Eng.) Bel. to Pankhurst or Penkhurst ; ace. to Lower, an estate in forms of Paplllon, q.v. Pafinell 59 Parfitt E. Sussex [M.E. hurst, O.K. h^rst, a wood: early forms of the name lacking, nothing definite can be said as to the origin of the first element ; but the Sussex word pennock, ' a small bridge over a water- course,' may be mentioned as being phonetically possible] PAN NELL, an assim. form of Pagnel (q.v.) In the "Testa de Nevill (13th cent.) the same person is called Panel and Painel : V. Pain(e, Payn(e. , . PANNETT, the same name as Pannell, Pagnel, with the dim. suff. -el replaced by -et. In France Pan{n)et and Panel are about equifrequent. PANNIER (A.-Fr.-Lat.) meton. for i Bread- basket Maker. 2 Bread-Seller [M.E. pan(n)ier, Fr. panier, Lat. panari-um, a bread-basket ; f.JLat.^a«-w, bread] Robert le Pannier.^ Close Rolls, A.D. 1275. PANTER PANTHER PANTLER (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Pantry - Keeper, Butler [M.E. pan(e)ter, pantere, A.-Fr. panneter (rr. panetier), L.Lat. pdn^tdri-us; 'LX.a.V paneta, bread- maker ; Lat. pan-is, bread] Robert le Panter. — Hund. Rolls. The furst yere, my son, thow shalle be pantere or buttilare.- — John Russel, Boke of Nurture, 1. 49. For piacience is hus [house] paneter. And payn [bread] to povetf e fyndeth. — P/eraP/ottimflB (ed. Skeat), xvii. 151. PANTIN, the French Panetin = Pdnet (v. under Pannett) -1- the dirti. suff. -in. In moden French a pantin is a dancing Jack, puppet. PANTING = Pantin, with excresceint -g. PANTON (Eng. or Scand.) Bel. to Panton (Lines), 13th cent. Panton [the first ele- ment seems to be a pers. name, perh. f. O.N. pant-r, a pledge + tun, a homestead, estate] PANYER = Pannier, q.v. PAPE (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Pope (a nickname and pageant - name) [Fr. pape, Lat. papa, , whence O.E./iif^ij] Hugh le Pape.— P/flc. Dom. Cap. Westm. PAPILLON (A.-Fr.-Lat.) a nickname from the Butterfly [Fr. papillon, Lat. papilio, ■onis] PAPPIN (A.-Fr.-Lat.) the Frepch Papin =, I Pape (q.v.) -|- the dim. suff. -in. 2 the Lat. Papin-us, a dim. f. Papi-us, the name of a Roman gens [perh. f. Lat. pappiis, Gr. wditwos, a grandfather] PAPWORTH (Eng.) Bel. to Papworth (Camb.), 13th cent. Papworth, Pappeworth = Pap(p)a's Farm or Estate [A.-Sax. - *Pap(6)an-wor^ — Pap(p)an-, genit. of Pap{p)a\ PARADICE ) (A.-Fr.-Lat.-Gr.-Pers.) i Dweller' PARADIS [ at a Paradise,, i.e. an open PARADISE ) space or court by a monastery or church. 2 a pers. name [Fr. paradis ; Lat. paradis-us, Gr. wapddeur-os, a park, garden, or pleasure-ground — used in the Septuagint for the Garden of Eden : from the Zend] The surname Paradis is much commoner in France than Paradise (&c.) is in this country. PARAIVIOR V(A.-Fr.-Lat.) Lover, Sweet- PARAMORE [ heart [M.E. O.Fr. par amour, PARAIVJOUR ) by or for love ; Lat. per amor- em] 0{ paramours he sette nat a kers. — Chaucer, Cant. Tales, A 3756. PARDEW] (A.-Fr.-Lat.) for the French Par PARDEY VDieu = ByGod; a nickname froin PARDY J this oath [Fr. par diejt, Lat. per deum, ace. of deus ; but the classical form of the oath was plural— ^er dees'] John Purilieu.— Rolls of Pari. He is a kynges brother sone, pardee.— Chaucer, Cant. Tales, A 3084. PARDOE "1 for the Cont. Pardo: 1 f. the PARDOWJ O.Teut. name-stem Pardr for, Bard- [v. under Bardrick], treq. a dim.'of a name vvith Pard- (Bard-) for its first element (such as Bardwulf); e.g. the French saint-name Pardoux appeared in Latin as Pardulfus. ' 2 the Ital., Span., and PoTtMg. pardo (for leopardo) — Leopard, There has poss. been some confusion with Pardew, q.v. PARDON (Fr.) the French Pardon is an accus. (and dim.) form oi Pardo: v. Pardee'. PARFETT 1 (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Perfect, Upright PARFITT J iM.E. parfit, patfpt, O.Fi. parf{e)it rr r S^^' P'^'^f"^*)' ^^^- Perfect-us] He [the ' Doctour of Phisik] was a v^n-ayparjlt praktisour.— Chaucer, Cant. Tales, A 422. For lob the parfit patriarke repreoueth thy sa-wes.^Piers Plowman, xxi. 153. Pargeter 60 Parnell PARGETER \ (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Plasterer [f.M.E. PARGITER J pargeten, O.'ti. pargeter, porgeter, to plaster a wall ; Lat. projectare, to cast ■ before] ' Mafon, a par^etter : a roughmason, or he that trimmeth walls with rough cast.' — Nomenclator, A.D. 1585. PARHAM (Eng.) Bel. to Parham (Suss. ; Suff.) = the Pear(-Tree)-Enclosure [O.E. per- + ham{m, a piece Of land, enclosure] The Sussex Parham was Perham A.D. 959, and also in the 13th cent. PARIS \ (Lat.-Celt.) Bel. to Paris = the PARISS J Town of the Gaulish Tribe Parish [The Roman name of the place which is now called Paris was Z.Mteizai'arazorMjM: Lutetia was supposed by Whitley Stokes to be for Lucetia, , ' the light or bright place' ; the tribal name is of doubtful origin] Robert de Paris. — Hund. Rolls. For Frenssh of Parys was to hire [her] / unknowe. — Chaucer, Prol. Cant. Tales, 126. (Gr.) a pers. name from the celebrated Trojan; Lat. Paris, Gr. Jldpis [cp. Gr. rdpur-os, almost equal, just like] Paris is a very common French surname. PARISH (A.-Fr.-Lat.-Gr.) Dweller at the Ecclesiastical Area so called [M.E. parisch(e, parysch{e, Fr. paroisse, Lat. parcBcia; Gt. irapoiKla, a sojourning] Willelmus de Parysch. — YorksPoll-Tax,.A.D. 1379. PARK ICEng. and A.-Fr.) Dweller in an PARKE J Enclosed Ground [M.E. parke, parrok, O.'E. pearroc, an enclosure, park (O.Fr. pare is prob. f. Teut.] John del Vaic— Hund. Rolls. Roger atte Parke. — Pari. Writs. PARKER (Eng.) Park-Keeper, Gamekeeper [M.E.parker(e, etc. ; v. under Papk(e, and + the agent, suff. -«?•] Our 13th and 14th cent. Rolls abound with such entries as 'Adam le Parker' and ' Michael le Parcur.' Grayvis [reeves], and baylys [bailiffs], and parker Schone [shall] come toacounteg every yere. — The Boke of Curtasye, 589-90. PARKERSON, the Parker's Son: v. Parker. There may have been some confusion with Parkisson, Parkinson, q.v. n^ol^f^ I I genit., and pi., of Park(e, q.v. PARKS J 2 occ. contr. of Parkins, q.v. Cp. Perk(e)8. PARKHILL (Eng.) Bel. to Parkhill (Yorks, Aberdeen, etc.) = the Park-Hill [v. Park and Hill] PARKHOUSE (Eng.) Dweller at the Park- House [v. Park and Houbb] PARKHURST (Eng.) Bel. to Parkhurst = the Park-Wood [v. Park and Hurst] Parkhurst (Forest), I.o.W., is mentioned in Domesday Book as Parcus Regis. The Surrey Parkhurst occurs in the 16th cent, as Parkehurst. PARKIN PARKYN I = Perkin, a dim. of Peter, q.v. PARKY'Jfs}P^^''''''^(Son) PARKINSON PARKYNSON PARKISSON ■ Parkin's Son V. Parkin. PARKMAN = Park (q.v.) + man. PARLEY. The is no trace of a place of this name ; so that it may be a descendant of the A.-Fr. name Parleben, Parlebien, 'Good Speaker' {Fr. parle, he speaks ; (ult. £ Lat. parabola, a collation (from Gr.) -f Fr. bien (earlier ben), Lat. bene, well] PARLE I the French P/erre/ = Pierre (F*eter) -I- the dim. suff. -el. 2 a form of Pearl (q.v.) [cp. Dut. paarl, pearl] PARLETT, the French pierrelet — Pierre (Peter) -|- the double dim. suff. -el -et. PARLEY (Eng.) Bel. to Parley (Dorset; Hants) = the Pear (-Tree) Lea [O.E. pere -(- leak] PARMENTER ■> ( A. - Fr. - Lat. ) Clothier, PARMENTIER Tailor [A.-Fr.; O.Fr. par- PARMINTER ' mentier ; O.Fr. parement, PARMITER ' ornamental clothing {-ment, Lat. -ment-um) ; Lat. parare, to prepare] Hanio le Parmenter. — Fine Rolls. Saher le Parmentier. — Pari. Rolls. WilUam le Parmeter. — Pari. Writs. . . . le drapier et le parmentier. — Louis XL, Nouv. xciv. 348 ; Moisy. Le sire de Beaumont aperjut un chevalier de Normandie, qu'il connut par ses paremens.— Chron.deFroissart,'ed.'Bnd:ion,l.j.c. iig. PARNALL r ( A.-Fr.-Gr. ) formerly Pemel{e, PARNELLJ Fr. iV«e/, Peronel (m.), Pernelle, Peronelle (f.), the latter Latinized as Petronella or Petronilla,,a\\ dim. forms of Peter (Fr. Pere, Pierre), q.v. Pernel Clere. — Hund. Rolls. William Peronel.— ffawrf. Rolls. Parnham 6i Partridge Pernele Proud-herte Platte hire [threw herself down] to the ertjie. — Piers Plowman, 2599-3600. Parnel(l went out of fashion as a female christian name owiijg to its gradually be- coming unfavourably connected with the sex— ' Parnel (Ital. Petronella). A slut ; a loose gkV—Prov. Diet., ed. T. Wright. Per{r)oneau (-eau for earlier dim. -el, m.) is a rather rare surname in France, as also is Pdrineau ; the forms with the dims. -et, -ot being much commoner. PARNHAM (Eng.)Bel. to Parnham (Dorset) [the second element is either O.E. ham, ■ home, estate, or O.E. ham(m, a piece of land, enclosure : for the first element evidence of early spelling is wanted, but it may be noted that Parndon, EsSsx; was formerly Parringdon] PARNWELL (Eng.) [the second element is O.E. wiella, a spring : for the first element evidence of early spelling is wanting, and the spot is not identified] PARR (Engj) Bel. to Parr; or Dweller at a Stock-Enclosure [M.E. par{r, (East. Dial. E., an animal-pen), O.E. pegrr-, an enclosure] The Lane, place was Parre A.D. 1298, i'ar A.D.I 307. (A.-Fr.-Gr.) an Anglicized form of the French P^e, Pierre = Peter, q.v. PARRAM for Parham, q.v. PARRAMORE = Paramore, q.v. PARRATTa PARRETtI (A-.Fr.-Gr.) 1 = Parr^q.v.) -|- the PARR ITT "Ft. dXm. snSs. -at, -et, -ot. . parrottJ 2 occ. a nickname from the Parrot [same etymology ais i : the French christian name Perrot was betowed upon the bird as a pet name] Cp. Perratt, etc. PARRIN (A.-Fr.-Gr.) = Parp» (q.v.) + the Fr, dim. suff. -in. Cp. Perrin. PARRIS 1 I for Paris, q.v. PARRISS j 2 Parry's (Son) : v. Parry^ PARRISH for Parish, q.v. v. under Park ante. PARROCKI PARRICK J PARRY (Celt. -{- Teut.) the Welsh Ap-Harry = SoN OF Harry : v. Harry [Wei. ap, ah, son] Thomas Ap-Harjy.-^Charter-Rolls. (A.-Fr.-Gr.) = Parr' (q.v.) -t- the E. dim^ suff. -y. PARSLEY (Eng.) Bel. to Parsley = (perh.) ' Par(r)'s Lea ' [v. Parr ; and -h M.E. ley, O.E. ledhl There may have been confusion with Parslow. PARSLOW (Eng.) Bel. to Parslow (? Parsloes, Essex) [O.E. hlc^w, a (burial) mound, hill : without the evidence of early forms of the name nothing definite can be said as to the origin of the first element, which may, represent the A.-Sax. pers. name Pceghere in the geuit. case] PARSON (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Person (of Rank); Priest [il.F,.' persone, persoun, O.f'r. persone ; Lat. persona] Walter le Persone.— Par/. Rolls. A good man was ther of religioun. And was a poure persoun of a toun. — ■ Chaucer, Cant. Tales, A 477-8. (A.-Fr.-Gr. -|- E.) = Pearson, q.v. PARSONAGE (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Dweller at, or by, the Parsonage [v. under Parson', and -I- the Fr. suff. -age, Lat. -atic-us'] PARSONS, the Parson's (Son): v. Parson'. PARSONSON, the Parson's Son: V. Parson'. PART, a form of Pert, q.v. PARTINGTON (Eng.) Bel. to Partington (Chesh.), i6th cent, same spelling = the Estate of the Peart(a Family [A.-Sax. *Peartinga-tun — Peart- prob. a metathe- sized form of O.E. prat{t = O.N. prett-r = M.Dut. perte, Dut. part, a trick, whim -(- -inga, genit. pi. of the fil. suff. -ing -f- tAn, estate, etc.] The place-name Peartingawyrth occurs in a Sussex charter c. A.D. 791. PARTON (Eng.) Bel. to Parton, = the Pear- Orchard, or Pear-Tree Farm [O.E. pere -\- tun] PARTRICK (Teiut.) Glorious Ruler [O.Ger. Perhtric for Ber(a)htric — O.H.Ger. ber(a)ht = O.Sax. berht = O.E. beio)rkt =• Goth. ■ bairht-^s = O.N.biart-r, bright, glorious -f a der. qf TeMt.*rik-, ruler, as OiE. rka and Goth. m*-j] Partryk occurs in the 'Liber Vitse' of Durham. Robertus Pertryk. — Yprks Poll-Tax, A.D. 1379. PARTRIDGE('A.-Fr.-Lat.-Gr.)anicknamefrora the bird [M.E. partrick(e, pertrich(e, O.Fr. pertrisifaod. Ft. perdrix), hat. perdix, Gr. ripSii, a partridge] (Teut.) a palatal form of Partriok, q.v. Pascal(l 62 Patmore PASCAL(L\ PASCHAL PASCO V. Pash, Pask. PASeOE • PASKY I Paschal Balistarius. — Close Rolls. Pascal (later Pascau)is a very; common French surname, the form Paschal (Lat. Paschalis) being comparatively rare. PASH ] (A.-Lat.-Gr.-Heb.) One born during PASK \ the Passover Festival or Easter- PASKE J TIDE [M.E. pask(e, pasche, passke (O.Fr. pasque),. O.E. pascha, hat. pascha, Gr. irda-xo.! Heb. pesakh, a passing-over] John Pask.— Hwwrf. Rolls. John Passhe. — Valor Eccles. PASH LEY, for the French Passeleu [Fy. passe, a pass, passage ; Lat. pass-us, a step + ■ O.Fr. leu, loup, a wolf ; Lat. lupins'] PASKALLl p „ PASKELL;- f'ascall, q.v. PASK I N = Pask (q.v.) + the Fr. dim. suff. -in. , The French Pasquin is not nearly so common as Pasquet. PASKINS, Paskin's (Son). PASMORE = Passnnope, q.v. ' PASS, V. Pace. PASS(E)Y, V. Pacy : Pacy-sur-Eure, Paciacum in 1195, was Pfljjy in 1356. PASSINGHAM (Eng.) Bel. to Passenham ,1, *e 1 f'ASSA's Home or Estate PASSMAN (Fr.-Lat. + E.) Dweller at a Pass [M.E. pas(s, a pass, passage; Fr. pas, hat. pass-US, a step, track + E. man'] PASSMORE. If, as seems likely, this is a M.E. local name, the first element is prob. M.E. pas{s, a pass, passage, narrow path [Fr. pas, passe ; Lat. pass-ifs, a step] + M.E. more [O.E. mdt, a moor] Cp. Padmore. ! PASTON (Eng.) BeL to Fasten (Northamp. — loth-cent. Latin-charter form Pastun ; Norf. ; Northumb., etc), usual i3th-cent. ^ form Paston = Pasa's Estate [A.^Sax. *Pasantuh — Pasan-, genit. of Pasa (perh. an unvoiced form of Basa : v. Bass' and Barton) ; tun, estate, etc.] PATCH (A.-Fr.) the French Pache, prob. f. Teut. : V. undet Pack (A.-Fr.») (Eng.) I a palatal form ol Pack, q.v. Cp.' Pp.tching. 2 JESTER, Clown [f. E. patch, an in- serted piece of cloth] (Northants), the A.-Sax. Passan-hdm = Passa's Home or Estate {O.E. hdm\ PATCH ELL, the French Pachel = Pache (v. Patch (A.-Fr.) + the dim. suff. -el. PATCH ETT, the French Packet, Pachot = Pache (v. Patch (A.-Fr.) -t- the dim. suff. -et, -ot. Richard Pachet. — Hund. Rolls, A.D. 1274, Alicia Pachot. — Yorks Poll-Tax, A.D. 1379. PATCHIN :i the Vreach. Pachin = Pache (v. PATCHENJ Patch (A.-Fr.) + the dim. suff. -in. PATCHING (A.-Fr.) = Patchin (q.v.), with added -g. (Eng.) Bel. to Patching (Suss.)) the A.-Sax. Paccingas (A.D. 960) = (the I Estate of the) 'Pmcc- Family [-j«^as, pi. of the O.E. fil. suff. -ing\ PATE, a Scot, and N. Eng. dim. of Patrick, q.v. ; rarely of Peter, q.v. PATEMAN = Pate's Man (-Servant). PATER I a contr. of Paternoster, q.v. . 2 a form of Peter, q.v. PATERNOSTER (A.-Lat.) PATERNOSTRERi i.e. . maker of, or dealer in, paternosters (rosaries) [M.E. paternostrer ; Lat. Pater Noslet, Our Father 4- the E. agent, suff. -er-\ PATERSON I a Scot, form of Patrickson, q.v. 2 Pater's Son : v. Pater. PATES, Pate's (Son) : v. Pate. PATESHALL (Erig.) Bel. to i PateshuU or Pattishall (Northamp.), 13th cent. Pates- hulle = (prob.) Peat(e):s Hill [M.E. hull{e, O.E. hyll, a hill] We fiiid the A.-Sax. pers. name Peata in Peatanig (A.D. 963), now Patney, Wilts. 2 PatshuU or PatteshuU (Staffs), 13th cent. Petleshull, Patleshull = P.a;TEL's or Peatel's Hill [M.E. hull, O.E. hyll, a hill] The A.-Sax. pers. name P^la (for Pmtela) occurs in a loth-cent. charter (' Cart. Sax.,' 779). PATI^l"" ^^y^ (q.v.) + the E. dim. sufi. PATY J-«)^>-'^- Hugh Paty.— Hund. Rolls. ' PATFIELD for Padfield, q.v. PATMAN, V. Pateman. PATMORE, for Pad more, q.v. Paton 63 Pauncefort PATON I the French Paton, an accus. and dim. form of the O.Teut. Pato. 2 Paton is so common a surname in Scotland that it must have "another source besides the French name ^- prob. ' the dim. of Patrick (q.V.), with the Fr. dim. suff. -on. PATRICK, the Latin Patricius, is fotind in 13th ' and 14th cent. . Eng.- records as Patric, . ^Patrik, Patryk, Paterik ; it is the Ir. Pdt- raic, Pddraic, Pddraig (O.Ir. Patrice); Gael. Pddruig [Lat. patrici-us, patrician, noble] PATRICKSON, Patrick's Son: v. Patrick. PATTEIVldRE, V. Patmore, Padmore. PATTEN "1 I the French Patin, i. the O.Teut. PATTIN ) name-stem Pat-, with the Fr. dim. suff. -in. ' 2 Patten, Pattin, like Paton, are so common in Scotland and the North of England that there must be anpther source besides the French name — prob. the . dim. of Patrick, (q.v.), with the Fr. dim. sufl. -in. PATTENDEN (Eng.) Bel. to Pattenden, the A.-Sax. Pattandenu = Patta's Valley [Pattan-i genit. of Patta + denu (obi. dene), a, valley] There is a Pattenden in Ketit ; and a Hampshire one occurs in a charter of King Eadgar (A.D. 973-4) — ' on Pattan dene.' PATTENER (Fr.) Patten-Maker [M.Fr. patinier, f. patin, a patten,' clog ; ■ O.Fr. , pate (Ft. patte), a paw] PATTERSON for Patrickson, q.v. PATTEY) PATTIE [v. Patey, etc. PATTY J PATTIN. V. Patten. , PATTINGHAIVI (Eng.) Bel. to Pattinghain (Staffs), the Domesday Patingham = the Home or Estate, of the Patt(a or Peatt(a Family [A.-Sax. *P{e)attinga- hdm — -inga, genit. pi. of the fil. suff. -ing; Mm, home, etc.] PATTINSON, Pattin's Son: v. Pattin, Patten. PATTlSON \i Pattie's Son: v. Pattie, PATTISSON J Patey. 2 for Pattinson, q.v. PATTON, V. Paton. PATTRICK, V. Patrick. PAUL (A.-Lat. ; A.-Fr.-Lat; ) Little [Gr. IlaOXof, Lat. Paulus —paul-us, little] Wiclif (1380) has the spelling Poul{e.g. 1. Cor. 1. 1.:' Paul depid apostle ofihesus Crist ') ; but Tyndale (1534) aud Cranmer (1539) have PawZ. Paul is a common French surname. PAULDEN \ (Eng.) Bel. to i Polden; 2 Palden PAULDIN 1 [The second element is evid. the M.E. dene, O.E. denu, a valldy ('John de Paldene' occurs in an E. Lane, deed A.D. i3z3--Z,a^. Inq. ii. 191). Thefirst element may, in the one case, be M.E. pol{e, O.E. p6l, a pool; in the other, M.E. pale; pole, O.E. pal, a pale, pole, stake] , The affix to Polden Hill, Somerset, app. shows that the -den should he -don, O.E. diin, a hill. > PAULDING = Pauldin, Paulden (q.v.), with added -g. PAULET 1 the French Paulet = Paul (q.y.) PAULETT J + the dim suff. -rf. , Cp. Pawlett. PAULEY! the French Pauly, a (Jeriy. f, Lat. PAULY J Paulus through {a) a type Pauli-us, (b) the genit. Pauli : v. Paul. PA U LIN \the French Paulin = Paul (q.v.) PAULLIN J + the dim. suff. -in. Paulin de Basset. — Hund. Soils. PAULING = Paulin (q.v.) with added -^. PAULL, V. Paul. PAULSON, Paul's Son : v. Paul. PAUNCEFOOTl (A.-Fr.iat.) oqcur in our PAUNCEFOTE J I3th-cent. records as Pance- fot, Pancevot, the Domesday Pancevolt =, ■ Arched Paunch (evid. a nickname for a corpulent person) [O.Fr. pakce (rriod. panse), Lat. pantex, -ids, the belly + O.Fr. volt{e, vaulted, arched (cp. mod. Fr. voUte, a vault), Lat. volut-us, pp. oivolvere, to roll] The mediaeval Latinization ot this name as de Pede Planco (Broad-Foot) was possi- bly due to motives of delicacy. Pancevolt is one of the old Norman names which Camden in his ' Remaines ' ' prefaced by: "for who knoweth now what these names were ? " PAUNCEFORT (A.-Fr.-Lat.) may be a separate name from Pauncefote, Pauncefoot (Burke, s.n. ~ Pauncefort - Duncombe, mentions a 'Geoffrey de Pauncefort,' A.D. 1209-10): if it is, the meaning is much the same, but the etymology of the second element is, of course, the Fr./ort(«, 'strong' ,' stout' [Lat./ortwJ- Pavely PAVELY (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Bel. to Pavilly (Seine- Inferieure), M.Lat. Pavil{l)iacus = Pa- yiL(L)us' ESTATE {-dc-us, the Lat^Ga^l. possess, suff. : the pers. name is app. a dim. of Lat. pav-us (earlier pavo), a pea- cock] Robert de Pavely. — Hund. Rolls. PAVETT the French Pavet, a dim. f. i Lat. pav-us (,pdvo), ' peacopk.'. 2 the place-name Pa vie, Ital. Pavia, Lat. Papia. PAVEY I ^ ^ PAVIE i*''^ French Pavy, Pavie: i One from PAVY I f"''^^'^' I*^"' Pavia, Lat. Papia. 2 a nickname from a kind of Peach [Fr. pavie ; f. the place-name as above] 3 a deriv. f. Lat. pav-us (pavo), genit. pavi, ' peacock.' 64 Peache PAVIER PAVIOUR PAVYER (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Paver, Pavior [Fr. paveur; paver, to pave ; L.Lat. pavare, for Lat. pavire, to ram (as earth] PAVIN, the Fr. Pavin, a dim. from the same stem as Pavet : v. Pavett. PAVITT for Pavett, q.v. PAW \ (A. -Lat.) a nickname and sign-name PAWE J from the Peacock [M.E. pawe, 0,E. pdwa, Lat. pauo, a peacock]; Cp. Pay(e. PAWLE for Paul, q.v. PAWLETT, I Bel. to Pawlett or Paulet (SomS.). The family - name — Paulet — of the Marquess of Winchester is supposed to be taken from this place. Poss. the nam- ing was the other way. There seems to have been a place called Melcomb Paulet in Somerset — the second name evid. from the French pers. name — in the isth cent. 2 for Paulet(t, q.v. ^^;X^l:f}forPaul(e)y,q.v. PAWLIN lf„, Do..i,„ „„ PAWLING jforPaulm.q.v. PAWSON I Paw(e)'s Son : v. Paw(e. 2 for Paulson, q.v. Stephen Pawessone. — Lane. Fines, A.D. 1324. Simon Paweson. — Yorks Poll-Tax, A.D. 1379. PAXMAN, Pack's Man (-Servant.) : v. Pack. paxson}'P''"''^^°''='-p^°'*- 2 for Paxton, q.v. PAXTON (Eng.) Bel. to Paxton = P^ECc's Estate [O.E. tun\ Paxton, Hunts, was Pacston in the 13th cent ; Paxton, Berw., was Paxtun c. 1 100. PAY \ (A.-Lat.) a nickname and sign-name PAYE J from the Peacock [M.E. pa, pe, O.E. ped, pdwa, Lat. pauo, a peacock] PAYAN \ see the commoner (but less correct) PAYEN ; Payn(e. PAYBODY, V. Peabody. PAYLING.v. Paling. PAYN 1 ( A.-Fr.-Lat. ) lit. Rustic; Pagan, PAYNE J Heathen [M.E. pain, payn, payen, O.Fr. payen, pagien (Fr. paten), pagan ; L.a.t: pagan-US, vUlagei—pag-us, village] Gilbert Payn.— Hund. Rolls. Payn le Fitz-Waryn. — Pari. Writs. Simon Payn. — Lane. Fines (A.D. 1336). And the trewe kinnesman, the payenes sone. — William and the Werwolf, 354. With alle the rytes of his payen wyse.T— , Chaucer, Cant. Tales, A 2370. PAYNEL = Payn (q.v.) -|- the Fr. dim. suff. -el. John Paynel, Chamberlain of Chester, A.D. 1326-7. John Painel, Chamberlain of , Chester, A.D- 1334-6. — Chesh. Chmbrlns.' Accts. PAYNTER (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Painter [M.E. peyn- tour ; i. Fr. peindre, Lat. pingere, to paint] PAYTER for Pater, q.v. PAYTON I Bel. to Payton or Peyton (Devon ^ Suff.; etc.) = (prob.) P^ga's Estate [A.-Sax. *Ptzgan-tiin ^ P (A.-Fr.-Lat.) for Pearmont, q.v. PEARMOND 1 (A.-Fr.-Lat.)Bel.toPierremont , PEARMONT /(Picardy) =iJ the Rock-Hill [Fr. pierre, Lat. petra (Gr. Trirpa), a stone, rock + Fr. mont, Lat. mens, mantis, a hill] PEARS " PEARSE V. Pierce, Piers. PSARSALL "1 Bel. to Pershall or Pershill PEARSAULX (Staffs), A.D. 1188 Pereshulle [M.E. hullie^ O.E. hyll, a hill : the pers. name (in the genit.) may be the O.Fr. Pere if not the rare A'.-Sax. Pteghere^ Sir Robert Tunsall, a noble knight, And come of royall anceytree ; Sir Ibhn Savage, wise and wight, Sir Hugh Persall : there was 3. — ' Bosworth Feilde', 457-66 ; Percy's Folio MS. PEARSON, V. Pierson. PEART, V. Pert. PEASCOD (Eng.) meton. for a seller of peas- cods [M.E. pese, a pea, pi. pesen ; O.E. pise, pi.pisani Lat. pts-um, a pea + M.E. codd(e, O.E. codd, a bag] PEASE I like Peace, a var. of Pace, q.v. 2 meton. for a seller of Peas [v. under Peascod] John Pese.— Hund. Rolls. PEASEGOODl r „ PEASGOOD } for Peascod, q.v. PEASEY (Eng.) Dweller at the Peas-Field [v. under Peascod, and -|- M.E. hey, hayi O.E. htzg; haga, an enclosure] PEASNALL\ (Eng.) Bel. to Peasenhall, Suff., PEASNELLj 13th cent. Pesenhal = the Peas- CORNER (-Field) [v. under Peascod, and -I- M.E. hal{e, O.E. h{e)al{h, a corner] PEAT \ 1 an Early Mod. E. form of Pet PEATE J [prob. conn, with Fr. petit{e, little, a darling ; cp. South. Fr. petet, soft, delicate) small-foot : doubtless f. an O.Celtic *pit, something pointed or slender ; cp. WeL pid, a tapering point (Gael, and Ir. peata {(tax\\ex<,petta), a pet, are borrowed from A.-Fr.] You are a pretty peat, indifferent fair too.— Massinger, Maid of Hon. (A.D. 1632), ii. 2. 2 short for Peatman, a Cutter of Peat [M.E. i>e<(g, L.Lat./p^te, peat] 3 a dim. of Peter, q.v. [cp. Dut. Piet'\ 4 f. the M. Dut. pete (mod. peet), a God- parent [like Ger. pat{h)e,' f. Lat. pater (spiritualis), with change to the weak masc. decl.] 5 a lengthened (dial.) form of Pitt, q.v. PEATLING = Peat' (q.v.) -f the dim. suff. -ling. PEATS, Peat's (Son) : v. Peat. PEATT, y. Peat. Peattie 66 Peevof PEATTIE 1= Peat(t (q.v.) + the E. dim. PEATY J suff. -ie, -y. PEBgRDAY for Peabody, q.v. PECHEY = Peaohey, q.v. PECK I a var. of Peak, q.v. Hugh de Peck. — Chesh. Chmbrlns.' Accts., A.D. 1325-6. Ricardus del Pecke.-^ Yorks Poll-Tax, A.I). 1579. 2 conf. with Pake, Paok(e, q.v. PECKER = Peck, Peak(e (q.v.) + the agent, suff. -er. Roger le Peckere. — Huud. Rolls. PECKHAM (Eng.) Bel. to Peckham=PECc(A)'s or P^cc(a)'s Home [O.E. Mm, home, estate] Peckham, Kent, occurs inthe loth cent. as Peccham. Cp. Packham. PECKOVER \ (Eag.) Dweller at the Peak- PECOVER I Edge (V. Peck, Peak, and + O.E. dfer, an edge, margin] PEDDAR \ (Eng.) Pedler, Bagman [M.E.and PEDDERJ Scot. pedder(e, f. Dial. E. ped, a basket, hamper ; prob. rel. to pad\ Richard le Pedder. — Lane. ,Assize-RoUs, A.D. 1258. Martin }e Pedder(e. — , Hund. Rolls, A.D. 1274. Quhvlk [which] at the last of monie smale couth [could] mak This bonie pedder aiie gude fute pak.— The Thrie Priests of Peblis, 191-2. PEDDELL\(Teut.) the Dan.-Norw. pedel, PEDDLE jSwed. p^dell, Dut. pedel, Ger. pedell^BEAOLK [L.Lat. pedell-us, bedell-us ; O.H.Ger. pitil, bitil] PEDDIE, app. a dim. form of Peddar, Pedder, q.v. ^ PEDLAR \ = Peddar, Pedder (q.v.) j the -l- PEDLER J being due to a formation on a dim., ped[d)le, oiped, a basket, etc. PEDLEY (Eng.) i Dweller at Peda's Lea [O.E. leak, a lea] 2 a var. of Pad ley, q.v. PEDMAN (Eng.) equiv. to. Peddar (q.v.) {Dial. E. ped, a basket + matt\ William Pedman.—i'i>^-i2tfH,A.D. 1190. PEEBLES (Celt.) Bel. to Peebles, A.D. 1 126 Pebles [app. the Cymric pebyll, pi. of pabell, a. tent, pavilion + the M.E. pi. suff. -es'] ' In Peblis toun sumtyme, as I heard tell . . .'—The Thrie Priests of Peblis, 1. PEEK \ PEEKEJ Peak(e, q.v. PEEL I (A.-Fr.-Lat.) i Dweller at a Forti- PEELE J fied Residence or Small Castle [Mig. pel, peill, pe(e)le; O.Fr. pel, Lat. pal-US, a stake. But O.E. pil, Lat. pila, a pillar, seems iiot to have been without in- ' fluence] And at Lythkow wes than [then] apeill, Mekill and stark, and stuffit weill With Inglis men. — Barbour, The Bruce, x. 137-9. God save the lady of this pel. — Chaucer, Hous of Fame, iii. 220. ' le ftfe of Hilton,' otherwise ' le Hall of Wyche Eves.' — Lane. Fines, A.D. 1550. (occ.) 2 for 'Peeled,' i.e. Bald, Ton- sured [f. O.F. peler; haX. pilare, to make bald] Thomas le Pale.— ParZ. Writs. Cp. Pile|. PEER for the French Pierre = Peter, q.v. pIIrIe} = "'«"«■ 1-- PEERSON = Plerson, q.v. PEET " PEETE, Peat(e, q.v. PEETS = Peats, q.v. PEEVER "I Bel. to Peever or Peover (Chesh.), PEEVOR J anc. Pevre. Peover is on the river of the same name; but the river-name is prob. takpn trom the village-name. The second element can hardly be the O.E. dfer, a river-bank, as the form of the name viiih-over is late. The name has the appearance of having lost a local sufSx ; and it may, in fact, be the Pevenvieh of a Latin charter of King Eadgar (a.d. 966: ' Cart. Sax.' No. 1175), where Pever is prob. a pers. name allied to the Ger. Pfeifer = Piper [f. O.H.Ger. pfifa, an early borrowing from l,a.t.pipa, a pipe (Lat. pipare, to pipe) ; whence also Ital. piva, a pipe, and, prob. the Norman name, Pever-el] John de Pevre. — Chesh. Chmbrlns.' Acds., A.T>. 1303-4. John Pever.— ioMc. Fines, A.D. 1445. J*egg 67 Pembroke PEGG (Teut.) I the A.-Sax. name-stem Pe(c)g-, Pag- (as in the A.-Sax. geogr. names Pecg- esford, Pecganham, Peginga- Pxgingabume, etc. [the stem is seen in Dut. and L.Gftr. peg-el (whence Mod. High Gcx.pegel), a gauge, liquid-measure = O.E. pceg-el, a vessel for liquids (as wine), prob. orig, with the measure marked off by a peg; as well as in E. peg, M.E. pegge] 2 the pet form. Peg (with dim. suff., Peggie), oi Margaret (q.v.) is prob. due to the early-8th-cent. St. Pega (St. Guthlac's sister), whose name is seen (palatalized) in Peakirk (Ndrthants),rwhose ancient ' church is dedicated to St. Pega [same etymology] Peter Peg.—Hund. Rolls, A.D. 1274. Magota Pegge. — Yorks Poll-Tax, A.D. 1379. There has prob. been some confusion with Pigg, q.v. PEGGRAM, V. Pegram. PEGGS, Pegg's (Son) : v. Pegg. ■PEGLER, a gutturalized form of Pedler, q.v. PEGRAM 1 (A.-Fr..Lat.) Pilgrim [O.Fr.pele- PEG RU M J grin (Fr. pilerjn) ; Lat. peregrin-us, a stranger: the /has dropped from the surname through the lengthening of the e] WiUiam Pegnn.~Hund. Rolls. PEIL PEILE V. Peel(e. PEILL J PEIRCE = Pierce, q.v. PEIRCEY = Piercy, q.v. PEIRSON = Pierson, q.v, PELHAM (Eng.) Bel. to Pelham (Herts), 13th cent. Pelham [the first element is prob. an A.-Sax. pers. name Peola, or Pcella; the second, O.E., Wot, home, estate] " PELISSIER (Fr.-Lat.) the common French Pelissier, Pelissier = Fvrkiek [f. Fr. pelisse; Lat, pellici-us, of skins— pellis, a hide, skin] PELL 1 (Eng.) I descendants of the A.-Sax. PELLE J pers. name Pella or Palla [cp; O.E. pell, pcell (M.E. pell(e, pall(,e), a pallium ' ' (Lat.] 2 Dweller at a Pell, Pill, or Pool [Dial. E. pell, pill, are weak forms of pool V —O.E. pdl, -pul] (Fr.rLat.) the French Pel. Pelle [nick- names from tlie O.Fr. and South.Fr. pel {Fi.poil), hair,, beard ; Lat. pil-us] . ■Willia.ml'eUe.—Hund. Soils. PELLATT ] the French Pelat, Pellat, Pelet, PELLET Pellet, dims, of />«;(/«: v. Pell(e PELLETT J (Fr.-Lat.) [Fr. dim. suff. -at, -et] PELLEW "I the French Pelleau, a dim. of Pelle : PELLOWJ V. Pell(e (Fr.-Lat.) [Fr. dim. -eau, earlier -el, Lat. -ell-US'] PELLING I theFfench Pelin, Pellin, dims, oi _ Pel(le (v. Pell(e, Fr.-Lat.), with excrescent -g. [Fr. 3ira. suff. -in, Lat. -in-us] 2 V, Pilling. PELLITER (Fr.-Lat.) the common French Pelletier = Furrier [Fr. pelletier ; f. O.Fr. pel {mod. peau), Lat. pelHs, a hide,fSkin] Adam le Peleter. — Hund. Rolls. PELLS, Pell's (Son) : v. Pell. PELLY (A.-Fr.-Lat.) the French PeU, Pelle = the Bald \Fr. pele, pp. ofpeler,L,a.t.pilare, to make bald] PELSALL (Eng.) Bel. to Pelsall (Staffs), late loth-cent. Peolshale, (14th cent. Peoleshale) = (prob.) Peol's Corner [O.E. h(e)dl(h] PELTON (Eng.) Bel. to Pelton (Durham) [v. PeU (Eng.), and + O.E. tun, farm, estate] PEMBER. There is no trace of this being an Eng. localname;othei'wiseit could repre-^ sent an O.E. pin-beant, 'pine-grove.' , Nor\ does it seem to be Cymric. In all pror ' bability it is the descendant of an A.-Sax. fern, name *Pendburh; this appears allthe more likely from the occurrence of the Eng. place-name Pertiberton, / . PEMBERTON (Engl) Bel. to Pemberton (Lanes), A.D. 1200 Penberton [v. under Pennber, and -t- O.E. tin, farm, estate, etc.] PEMBRIDGE. Bel. to Pembridge (Heref.), 13th cent. Penbrigge, Penfiebrigge [the bridge, O.E. brycg, is over the R. Arrow ; the pl^ce is sufficiently close to the Welsh ' border for the first element to be the Wei. pen, a head, hill, rather than the O.E. penn, a pen, enclosure, or the A.-Sax. pers. name Penda] PEMBROKE (Celt.) Bel. to Pembroke, app. representing the O.Wth pen-brog = the Head or End of the Land [^^Mod. Wei. pen, a head, end + bro (compounded, mutated to /ro), land, country] ' It derives its name from i1?«//;o penin- sula, which extends for two miles N. of the town, between it and the main channel of Milford Haven.'— iVai. Gaz. (There is another Penfro in co. Car- naiVon). Pend(e)g:ast 6S Penn for Pencl(e)gast, q.v. F?END(E)GAST seems to be a compound of pend- (seen iu the name of the famous 7th-cent. Mercian King Penda), and Teut. gast (O.Sax., O.H.Ger., O.Dut. gast = Goth, gast-s = O.E. gest, gi{e)sl = O.N. gest-r), guest, stranger. (In jJUrely A.- Saxon names the form of the second element was usiially -gist, as in the case of the FriYegist mentioned in the Chronicle, A.I). 993). It Pend- is Teutonic it must be the same word as O.Fris. pend, pand = East Fris. pand = M.L.Ger. and Dut. pand — O.N. pant-r (m.) =Ger. pfand, a pledge (O.Fris. penda=Ge\: pfdnden); but there are rea- sonable grounds for assuming that the stem is Celtic (cp. Chad), viz. the O.Cymric pend (Wei. pen, Corn. pe{d)n) = O.Ir. cend (Ir. and Gael, ceann), head, chief. PENDEGRASS, a corr. form of Pend(e)gast, q.v. PENDER (Eng.) \ the A.-Sax. Pendhere [v. under Pend(e)gast, and + O.E. here, army] 2 a var. of Pinder, q.v. William le Pendere. — Mun. Gildh. Land. PENDERGAST PENDERGEST PENDERGRASS PENDERGRAST PENDLE. Bel. to Pendle(Hill) (Lanes), A.D. 1294 PennetAlle, 14th cent. Penhil, Penhul [the second element is O.E. hyll, a hill ; the hill being over 1800 feet high, the first element is rather the Cymric pen/s. head, height, than O.E. penn, ah animal-enclo- sure] PENDLEBURY 1 (Eng.) Bel. to Pendlebury PENDLEBERRYJ (Lanes), end 12th cent. Penulbery, 13th and 14th cent. Penhulbury, PeniWury [This stronghold — O.E. burh, dat. byrig — can hardly be conn, with Pendle (Hill), from which it is some con- siderable distance ; so that the first two elements may Represent the A.-Sax. pers. name Penw(e)alh, or Peniu{e)aldi\ PENDLETON. Bel. to Pendleton (Lanes"), 13th cent, (both places) Penhulion, Pennul- ton, Penelton, Penhiltone [The Manchester Pendleton is near Pendlebury (q, v.), so that the first two elements of the name of the forpier place maybe taken to have the same origin with those of the latter. The Pendleton near Clitheroe — otherwise Little Pendleton — is at the foot of Pendle 1 Hill :vi Pendle] PENDRED "I (Eng.) the A.-Sax. Pendrced PENDRETH J [v. under Pend (e)gast, and -)- O.E. rckd, counsel, policy] - Pettdrced was the name of a Mercian minter in Offa's time. PENDRICK (Celt. -1- Teut.) the Welsh Ap- Hendrick = Son of Hendrick: v. Hend- rick. [Wei. api son] PENDRY (Celt. + Teut.) the Welsh Ap-Hen- dry = Son of Hendry: v. Hendry [Wei. ap, son] PENEFATHER,v. Pennefather.Pennifathen. PENFOLD = Pinfold, q.v. PENGELLY /(Celt.) Bel. to Pengelly (Corn- PENGILLY Iwall) = the Head of the Grove [Corn, and Wei. pen, a head, top + celli (kelly), a grove] PENISTON \ (Eng.) Bel. to Peniston(e (W. PENISTONE J Yorks), 13th cent. Penneston-' Penn's Estate [O.E. tAn, estate, farm] PENK 1 V. Pink. 2 a contr. of Penketh or Penkethman, q.v. PENKETH rBel. to Penketh (Lanes), 13th PENKETT \cent. Penketh, Penket [this name is not satisfactorily explainable from A.-Sax. sources ; so that jt may poss. be a form of the Wei. pen coed (O.Wel. coii), ' head or end of the Vi/ood ] PENKETHMAN \ = Penketh (q.v.), and -1- PENKEYMAN J man. Richard Penkethman, of Warrington, AJi.issz— Chester Wills. PENLINGTON, app. a corrupt form of Pen- dleton, q.v. PENMAN (Fr.-Lat. + E.) Scribe, Writer [O. Fr. penne, Lat. penna, a feather -f- E. mati\ (rarely) (Celt.) Bel. to Penmaen = the Rock-Head [WA. pen, a head, height -f maen, a stone, rock] PENN (Eng.) 1 Dweller at a Pen or, Fold [O.E. penn\ Adam de la Penne.— ffMBrf. Rolls. The Staffs Penn is Penne in Domesday Book. / (occ.) 2 the A.-Sax. pfirs. name Penniji. (Celt.) Dweller at a Head or Height [Wel./.g«] The Bucks Penn, Penna in the 13th century, is on an eminence from which views of many counties .can be obtained. It may therefore be the Welsh pen. From this Penn is derived indirectly the first part of the name of Pennsylvania, called after Penn, the Quaker, whose family- name seems to have been taken from the Bucks parish. (Fr.) the French P^ (eariier Penne) is Pennager 69 Penrith (a) a nickname and sign-name itorapenne [Lat. penna\ a feathef ; (J) a local name trom Celt. pen(n, a rock, head [Gaul, penn- = Bret. pen(n] . . . penn, en gaulois pernios, est un mot gallois et breton, d'origine gauloise, qui veut dire 't6te et bout.' — d'Arbois de Jubainville, Les Celtes (1904), p. 28. Larchey mentions' (p. 367) a i3th-cent. Albigensian chevalier, Olivier de Penite, vvho had a feather for his blazon and dated his charters from the Chateau de Penne (Rock). PENNAGER (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Plumier, Feather- Dresser i[f., with the agent, suff. -er, M.E. O.Ft. pennage, plumage; 'LaX.penna, a feather; suff. -age, Lat. -atic-us] William le Pennager. — Close Rolls. Bardsley says that the Pennager was an ' ensign-bearer/ This may poss. have been an exceptional meaning ; it, of course, involves a different etymology for the second element of the name. PENNANT (Celt.) Bel. to Pennant (a common Welsh place-name) = the Head of the Ravine or Brook [Wei. pen, a head + nant, a glen, stream] (A.-Fr.-Lat.) One Doing Penance [M.E. O.Fr. penant ; Lat. poenitentia, peni- tence] Thou art nat lyk a penant or a'goost. — Chaucer, Cant. Tales, B 3124. PENNEFATHER, v. Pennifather. PEN NELL 1 the French Penel, Fennel = Fine, Penne (v. Penn, Fr.) -|- the dim. suff.-e)/ [Lat. -ell-us] The old form Penel is still commoner , in France thfen the later Peneau. 2 for Paynel, q.v. There is also some evidence of con- fusion with Pernell (Papnell)i q.v., and Pinnell, q.v. PENNER (Eng.) One Who Pens Animals [f. M.E. pen(n, O.E. penn, a pen, enclo- sure ; with the agent, suff. -er] John le Penner. — ■ Subsidy-Roll (Soms.), A.D. 1327. There is no evidence that this name ever denoted a maker of writing-peiis. Cp.,Pinner. PENNEY, V. Penny. PEN N ICK \ (Celt.) Big Head [Bret, pennek— PEN NOCK i pen(n, a head + the possess, suff. -ek] Cp. Pinnock. Pennek: Tetu, qui a une grosse tete. Au figur6, entet^i opiniatre, obstin6 ..... Pennek est un notn de famille assez com- mun en Bretagne. On dit aussi, par antonomase, siraplement penn, qui, au propre, signifie tSte. — Le Gonidec, Diet. Bret.-Franf., p. 480. PENNIFATHER (Eng.) Skinflint, Niggard, Miser [M.E. penifader, penyfad^; O.E. pening, penig, penny + feeder, father] Richard Penifader. — Hiund. Rolls. The idea presumably was that the miser 'fathered' or treasured every penny. Alas, this reconfirms what I said, rather ; Cosmus has ever been a penny-father. — Harrington, Epigrams (A.D. 1615), ii. 21. PENNIGER, V. Pennager. PENNIMAN.v. Pannyman. PENNINGTON (Eng.) Bel. to Pennington (Lanes'; Hants) = the Estate of the Penn(a Family [A.-Sax. * Penninga-tAn — -inga, genit. pi. of the fil. suff. -ing; ttin, estate, etc.] The N. Lane. Pennington was Pennige- tun in Domesday Book, Peninton in 1202, and Penynton in 1262-3. The S. Lane, place occurs in the same Inquisition c. 1332 ('Lane. Inq.', ii. 239) both as Pennyngton and Pynnyngton. PENNY (Fr.) the common French Peny, also Peney, Pennd, a deriv. from Pene, Penne : v. Penn (Fr.) (Eng.) a nickname from the coin [M.E. ' peny, pent, O.E. peni(n)g] Alexander Peny, — Hund. Rolls. Robert Peni. — do. PEN NYCOOK (Celt.) Bel. to Penicui(c)k (Edinburgh), 13th cent. Penicok, Penycoke [prob. Cym. pen-y-cog, head or height of the cuckoo] PENNYFATHER, v. Pennifather. PENNYMAN prob. = Penny's Man (-Ser- vant) : V.' Penny. PENR(H)YN (Celt.) Bel. to Penr(h)yn = the Promontory f Wei. and Com.penr (%»] PENRITH (Celt.) Bel. to Penrith (Cumb. : 13th cent. Penreth, Penryth) = the Red Height [Cym. pen, a head, height -f- rhudd (« as «, dd as th), red, crimson] The Cumberland town is built of the local red freestone. Penrose 70 Pepys PENROSE (Celt.) Bel. to Penrose or Penrhos = the Head of the Moor or Heath [Wei. and Corn, pen, a head, top + Wei. r%os = Corn. r6s, a moor, heath] There is a Penrose in Monmouth; and also one in Cornwall. PENRUDDOCK(E (Celt.) Bel. to Penruddock (Cumb.), 13th cent; Penredek [Cym. pen, a head, height + rhuddog = Corn, ruddoc (O.E. ruddoc), a redbreast ; but the place- name may not refer particularly to the bird — rather to the colour of, the hill] PENRY (Celt. + Teut.) the Welsh Ap-Henry = Son OF Henry: v. Henry [Wei. a/^, a6, spn] PENSON, Penn's Son : v. Penn. John Pehnesone. — CloseRoUs,A.D. 1343. PENTECOST (A.-Fr.-Gr.) a name given to one born at Whitsuntide [M.E. pentecost{e, O.Fr. pentecoste (mod. pentecdte) ; f. Gr. iretiTrjKiHrT-ds, fiftieth (with reference to the number of days after the Passover] Pentecost de Morton.-— Close Rolls, A,D. 1330. See the note under Osborn. PENTLAND. Bel. to Peatland (Firth, Parish, Hills) [We find the O.N. form Pettaland fior^-r in, the Sagas, where Pettaland evid. indicates the land of the Pehts or Picts ; but the first element of the name of the .old Edinburgh p'arish and the Hills (i2th cent^ Pentlant) may rather be for the Cymric pen, a height, and the seqond represent O.Cym. lann (mod. Han) = O.Ir. land, an enclosure, land] The Pentland Hills derive their name from a Brythonic Penn-llann, whence i%K-?A/a»(f, with the usual rt/ for the strong spirant W.— Rhys, Celt. Brit (ed. 1908), P- 313- PENTLOW \ (Eng.) Bel. to Pentlow PENTE,LOW(E J (Essex), in a late copy of the will of the i ith.-cent. Thurston Wine- sun^ Pentelaw = Penta's or Penda's ■ Hill or Tumulus. [O.E. hldkw\ From the church-tower on the hill here 46 churches could be seen in 1868 ace. to the Nat. Gas. \ (Eng.) Bel. to Pentney (Norf.), PENTONY ; ■ ~ PENTNEY i3th cent. Penteneye = Penta's or Penda's Island orWATERSipE [A.-Sax. *Pendan-ig—Pendan-, genit. of Penda + ig = OiN. ey, island, etc.] Pentney is on the banks of the R. Nen : the old watery lands are now drained. PEOVER, V. Peevep. PEPIN, the common French Pepin, Pdpin : I from the O.L.Ger. Pip{p)in (Cp. the A.-Sax. Pippen and Dut. Pippin) [prob. a , dim. nickname f. the onomatopoetic word seen in mod. L.Ger. and Dut. piepen, Dan.-Norw. pipe, Swed. pipa {pip, a, chirp, whistle), Fr. papier, piper, Lat. pipare, Gr. TTiTTrifeii', to pip, chirp, squeak, « whistle] (occ.) 2 the O.Fr. pepin (cp. mod. pipiniMsie), a gardener, nurseryman [app. f. Ij'dX., pepo. a melon : cp. the Norman Dial, pepin, ' an apple raised from seed'] Pepin is one of the most important names m early mediaeval French history. Pepin of Landen (Brabant) — d. A.D. 640 — was the progenitor of the CaroHngian dynasty ; his grandson was Pepin le C&os. Pepin le Bref was the father of Charlemagne ; and Pepin, King of Italy, was a son of Charlemagne, i William Pepin.— ffa«rf. Rolls. PEPPER ^.-Lat. etc.) melon, for Pepperer, i.e. 3 Dealer in Pepper [O.E. pipor, Lat. piper, pepper] (Eng.) English placfe-names like Pepper- thorpe, Pepper-Hall, etc., show that this surname must have another origin-;— prob. (notwithstanding the long t) the O.E. pipere, a piper: we find the A.-Sax. family-name Piperinges in an 8th-cent. charter. ('Cart. Sax.' No. 145). PEPPERALLl (Eng.) Bel. to Pepper-Hall PEPPERELU /jYorks) [v. under Pepper- (Eng.), and + O.E. heall, a hall] (Fr.) the O.Fr. Piperel (mod. Pipereau) (i) f. (with the double dim. suff. -er-et) the stem seen in Pepin ; (2) f. (with the dim. suff. -el) O.Fr. piper (or the corresp. Teut. word), piper. PEPPERCORN (Eng.) melon. for Pepperer: V. Pepper (A.-Lat.) [O.E. piporconi] PEPPET(T \ PEPPIAT(T PEPPIET(T PEPPIETTE PEPP1T(T the French Pepet, Pepat [f. the •stem seen in Pepin ; with the Fr. dim. sufi. -ef, -ai] PEPPIN, V. Pepin. PEPRALL, V. Pepperall. PEPYS, Pep's or Pepp's (Son): Pep(p is doubtless a shortening of one of the above Pep(p- names. In the Hundred Rolls we find the forms Pepis and Pepes, the latter form also , occurring in the lylh cent. PepPes, Peppis, and Pepys are found in the i6th cAit. [-w;(-;'5) for -es, the M.E. genit. suff.] Perceval 71 Perke PERCEVAL ] (A.-Fr.-Lat.) the Frejich Perce- PERCIVAL \va.l = lit. ValUey-Piercer, PERCIVALLJ evid. a nickname for a stal- wart X^x.perce, 3rd pers. pres. sing, indie. oipercer, O.Tr. percier, to pierce, penetrate ; prob. f. Lat. pertusus, pp. iof pertundere, to pierce + Fr. vol, Lat. vall-is, a valley] This name is one of a series of similar ones : thus we find in French perce-bois, ' wood-borer ' ; perce-roche, ' rock-piercer ' ; percc-foret, ' forest-piercer," a nickname for a keen hunter. But the inatter is com- plicated by the existence of Perceval or Perseval as a place-name : two hamlets called Perceval are given in the Calvados section of the 'Diet. Topog, de la France.' If the name were really local (although, of course, a duplicate origin iis quite feasible) then we might consider the O.Vx. pers{e, 'blue,' 'bluish,' as the etymon of .the first element rather than the Norm. Yi.perce, ' a holej' 'opening.' In the prose version of 'Perceval le Gallois,' (ed. Potvin, 1865 etc.), the hero's name is variously (sometimes strangely) written. Thus we find the forms Pellesvaux, Perlevax, Peslevaux (perhaps an error), Percevaux, Per- cevaX, as well as the most frequent Percevalin the nominative. In Chrestien deTroyes' lengthy poem, Percevaus seems to be the commonest form, with variations like Perchevaus, Percheval, Pierceval, in addition to Perceval ; e.g.— ' J'ai nom Percevaus li Galois.' 'Ha, Pierceval, hiaxxs dos amis' [beau doux ami] — Perceval le Gallois, ^940-1. In line 30935 we have 'Percheval li Galois.' Potvin took it for granted that the French romance was based on the Welsh ' Peredur,' and remarks (1. 356) that it is not known when or how the Welsh name Peredur 01 the Breton Peronik 'was trans- lated into Perceval ; whereas a later school thinks that 'Peredur' and others of the ' Mabinogion ' were more likely adapta- tions of Old French romances. The Breton Peronik is evid. the Freiich PSron, •: ' Little Peter,' with the common Bret. dim. suff. -ik ; and if Peredur is not Welsh (the name is not convincingly explainable in that langiiage) one might have concluded that it, too, contained the French form of Peter (O.Fr. Pere, mod. Pierre), Wiih a Second element dur (Lat.,rfar-»5), ' hard,' 'stern,' but for the fact that the name occurs in the'Annales Cambriae,' A.D. 580, not to mention Geoffrey of Mon- mouth's 'Hist. Brit.''(iii. 18, 'Vigenius et Pereduru's') ; and Peredur: not improbably Represents a Latin Peredur-us [per-, intens. prefix -|- edur-us, hard, jsevere] : cp. the Roman name Per-tmax. Wojfram von Eschenbach's ' Parzival ' (early r3th cent.) was based on the ' French romance. In this German version we have a couple of lines referring to the name showing that the French Perceval was interpreted as we have given it above— ' DeiswAr [truly] du heizest Parzivdl : Der name ist rente enmittendurch.' ( Parzival, 140: 16-1^. Malory (as usual with him) has much diversity of form ; e.g. — ■ • • And her [their] names shal be Persyval of walys and Lamerak of walls. — Morte d Arthur, I. xxiv. Snx Percyvale de gal'is.^io. do. VII. xiii. PERCEY"! (Fr.-Lat.) Bel. to Percy (Norraan- PERCY 1 dy), Percey (Yonne, Haute-Marne, &c.) = Persius' Estate [Percy, Calvados, was Perceium A.D. . 1 198 : -eium was fre- quently used as an equiv. of the Lat.-Gaul. possess, suff. -dc-um. Persius is prob. borrowed from the Gr. Perseus (Uepa-eis), app. a der. f. Gr. TipBa (aor. I. ivepag), to destroy ; thus jrcpo-^-iroX« (persfr-polis) is translated ' destroyer of cities '] ' A de Perci occurs in the mural list ol ' Compagnons de Guillaum^ la Conquete de I'Angleterre en MLXVI ' in Dives Church ; Percy is mentioned in conjunc- tion with Pygot in Lelafld's supposed copy of the Roll of Battle Abbey ; and de Percy is given in the Abbe de la Rue's supplementary list in his 'Recherches sur la Tapisserie de Bayeux' (Caen, 1824) — "Wace est loin d'avoir transcrit les noms de tous les seigneurs qui aidSrent le Due Guillaume dans son expedition." Several de Percys occur in our i3th-cent. Hundred -Rolls. The Perse owt of Northombarlande, And a vowe to God mayd he. — Chevy Chase, I. 1-2. PERCH (A.-Fr.-Lat.-Gr.) a nickname fronj the Perch, so called from its dark spots [Fr. perche, i,a.t.perca, Gx.iripKri,^^ipK(vyos,iiark] PERDOE, V. Pardoe. PERDUE, V. Pardew. PEREGRINE (Fr.-Lat.) Pilgrim, Traveller ; Foreigner, Stranger [Lat. j>eregrin-us ; ■ whence Span, peregrino and Fr. pdlerin (Sanctus Pere^rinus, bishop of Auxerre, d. A.JD. 304, became in French Saint Pileriti] ^l^pl^^jv. under Parfett ante, PERHAM (Eng.) Bel. to Perham ; or Dweller at the PEAR(-Tree)-ENCLOSURE lO.E. pere + ham(m] See Parham. pIrke} ^^°§-) ^^°^ °^ Park(e, q.v. (A,-Fr.-Lat.) Saucy, Pert [f. M.E. pef- Perkes 72 Perryn ken (of birds), topreen, M.E. perke, a perch; N.Fr. perque, Fr. perche, Lat.pertica, a rod] Perke as a peacock. — Spenser, Shepheards Calender: Feb. 1. 8. (A.-Gr.) a shortening of Perkin, q.v. PERKES, V. Per-ks. PERKIN, a dim.otPere, Pier{s, etc., i.e. Peter", q.v. [E. dim. suff.-fe« = Flem. -ken ;O.L. Ger. -k-in'\ Piers the Plowman is called alternative- ly Perkyn — Quod Perkyn the Plowman, 'By seint Peter of Rome 1 ' Piers Plowman, 3798-9. Dauncen he koude so wel and jolily, That he was cleped Perkyn Revelour. — Chaucer, Gant. Tales, A 4370-1. Perkyn the potter into the press past, And sayd, 'Randol the refe, a doghter thou ;hast, Tyb the dere.'— ' The Turnament of Tottenham,' 21-3: Vercy'sReliques. pIrk1sI}p^'^''''''^(s°°)- PERKS I Perk's (Son) : v. Perk^ ' 2 occ. a contr. ot Perkins, q.v. PERMAIN, V. Pearmain. PERNEL y p„„„-,| PERNELLj • ^^'^"®"' The mod. French peronnelle = hussy, gossip, chatterer. PEROT, V. Perrott, Parpott. PEROWNE, an Anglicized form of i the French Peron = Pire, i.e. Peter (q.v.) -|- the Fr. dim. suff. -on [Lat. -o»-w] William Peron. — Hund. Rolls. 2 the French Perron : v. Perron. Bishop Perowne, who died in 1904, was a descendant of one of the French rfefugees who came over after the Relo- cation of the Edict of Nantes. PERRATT 1 the French Pdret, Perret, Perreite, PERRET \ Pierrat, Pierret=Pire,Perre, Pierre, PERRETTj i.e. Peter (q.v.) + the Fr. dim. suff. -et, -at. p|RmE^}'''«'"'y- PERRIER, the French Pefrier= \ Stone- cutter [Fr. pierre (O.Fr. perre. South. Fr. peird), Lat. petra, a stone, rock -|- the Fr. agent, suff. -ier, Lat. -ari-tis\ 2 Dweller by a Pear-Tree [Fr. poirier (ewcWer peirier) ; t. poire {peire, Span, and Ital. pera), L^t. pii;um, a. pear {piriis, a pear-tree), with the agent, suff. -ier, Lat. -ari-us} PERRIN "I the French Perin, Perrin = Pire, PERREN J P^'re, Pierre, i.e. Peter (q.v.) -|- the Ff. dim. suff. -in. John Perin. — Hund. Rolls. Perin de la Montaine.— Morte d! Arthur, X. xxxix. PERRING = Perrin (q.v.) with added -g. PERRINGS for Perrins/. PERRINS, Perrin's (Son): v. Perrin. PERRIS, Perry's (Son) : v. Perry. PERRON I the French Perron, Pierron= Perre, Pierre, i.e. Peter (q.v.) -|- the dim. suff. -on ^ [Lat. -on-is'] Saint Pierre was sometimes familiarly invoked as Perron. 2 for the French Du Perron = Of the Perron, i.e. Stone Steps, Rock, etc. tf. Fr. pierre (O.Fr. perre, South. Fr. peira), M. petra, a stone, rock ; with the dim. suff. -on] PERROT "I the French ' Perrot, Perrotte, PEHROTT i Pierrot, PMt=Pire, Perr^, Pierre, i.e. Peter (q.v.) -|- the dim. suff. -ot. Robert Perot. — Hund. Rolls. PERRY (Eng.) Dweller by a Pear-Tree \M.K. perye, pirie, pyrie, O.E. pirige] Richard de la Pirie. — Hund. Rolls, A.D. 1274. William atte Perye. — Close Rolls, A.D. 1352. Pyries and plum trees Were puffed to the erthe. — Piers Plowman, 2503-4. And thus I lete hym sitte upon t]xe pyrie. And Januarie and May romynge myrie. — Chaucer, Cant. Tales, E 2217-8. (A.-Fr.-Lat.-Gr.) i i. the French Perre, Pierre, i.e. Peter (q.V.) -1- the E. dim. suff. -y. 2 the French Perr^, Du Perri = Of the Stony Place [Fr. perri, a der. of perre, pierre, a stone, rock; Lat. petra] PERRYER, V. Perrier. PERRYMAN i Perry's Man (-Servant) : v. Perry (A.-Fr.) Robertus Perysnian. — Yorks Poll-Tax, h.T>. 1379. 2 Pear-Tree Man (Dweller at the Pear-Tree(s) : v. Perry (Eng.) PERRYN = Perrin, q.v. Pershore 73 Pettingle PERSHORE (Eng.) Bel. to Pershore (Wore), the A.-Sax. Perscora, Perscore (obi. Per- , , . scoran) = (prob ) the Pear-Plot [O.E. pere, a pear + scora, a division of land (cp. O.E. land-scoru, a piece of land) : f. the p.p. of O.E. sciemn, to cut ofl ; hence scierian, to allot] The ' Nat, Gaz.' alludes to the " numer- ous pear-tree.s which grew in the vicinity." PERSHOUSE, V. Purshouse. PERSOLL, V. Pearsall. PERT (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Saucy; earlier, Ready, Skilful [M.E. pert, apert, O.Fr. a{s)pert, hat. expert-us] PERTH (Celt.) Bel. to Perth, 12th cent. Pert, Perth = (prob.) the Thorn-Brake; Thicket [Pict. cognate of Wei. perth] PESCOD 1 PESCOTT \ V. Peascod. PESKETT J PESSONER (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Fishmonger [f. O.Fr. (loth cent.) pescion (Ft. poisson), a fish; 'Lat.piscio, ■onis—piscis, a fish; with . the Fr. agent, guff, -er, Lat. -ar-is] Wilham le Pessoner. — Hund. Rolls. Poissormier is not an uncommon French surname. PESTER (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Baker, Pastry-Cook \O.Fr. pestre, Lat. pistor'\ Richard' le Pester. — Hund. Rolls, A.D. 1274. Geoffrey le Pestur. — ' Lane. Assize-Rolls, A.D. 1284. Pistor was a surname given to Jupiter by the Romans from a well-known siege incident. PETCH, v. Peach. PETER (A.-Lat.-Gr.) Stone, Rock [Lat. Petrus, Gr. IlA-pos— tt^t/jos, a piece of rock, a stone; Tr4tpa (whence 'LsA.petra, a stone), a rock, crag] And ic secge ^€, {>aet ffi eart Petrus, and ofer fysne stan ic getimbrige mine cyricean. — 5f. Ma«Aei«, xvi. 18 (A.-Sax. version). And I seye to thee that thou art Petir, andonthisston I schal bilde mychirche. — do. do. (Wiclif, 1380). And I saye also unto thee, that thou arte Peter: and upon this rocke I wyll Bylde my congregacion.— do. do. (Tyndale, 1534). And he nemde Simon Petrum. — St. Mark, iii. 16 (A.-Sax. version). And to Symount he putte name Petre.—r do. do. (Wiclif). ' Qy la ? ' quod he. ' Peter ! it am I. '— Chaucer, Cant. Tales, B 1404. PETERKEN 1 = Peter (q.v.) -|- the E. dim. PETERKIN fsuflf. -kin = DvLt.-kin = Flem. -ken [O.L.Ger. -k-in] PETERMAN = Peter's Man (-Servant) : v. Peter. PETERS, Peter's (Son) \ PETERSON, Peter's Son ( ^' *^^^^'^- PETERSEN, the Scand. form of Peterson, q.v. PETHER, a West. Eng. and Corn, form of Peter, q.v. PETHERICK = Pether (Peter), q.v. + the Corn. dini. sufi. -ik. PETHERIDGE, a palatal form of Petherick, q.v. PETIFER (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Iron-Foot (a nick- name) [A.-Fr. pedefer, Fr. pied de fer — Lat. pes, pedis, foot ; de, of; ferr-um, iron] William Pedefer.^C&i« Rolls. PETI PETITT T "1 (A.-Fr.) Little [M.E. petit (E. petty), TT J Fr. petit ; perh. t. the Gaul, cognate of Wei. pid, a point] Hamo le Petit.'— .Hmk^. RoUs,K.V). 1274. Robert Petit.— ia«c. Fines, A.D. 1332. PETKEN \ double dims, of Peter, q.v. [E. PETKIN / dim. suff. -kin = Dut. -kin = Flem. ken : O.L.Ger. -k-in\ PETRE, a M.E. and Fr. form of Peter, q.v. PETRIE I the French Pe>^ = {a) the genit., Petri, of Lat. Petrus : v. Peter. (J) for the Breton Petrig, a dim. oi Petr: v. Peter [Bret. dim. suff. -ig\ 2 a Scot. dim. of Peter (q.v.) [N.E. and Scot. dim. suff. -j>] PETT (Eng.) Bel. to Pett (Sussex), a M.E. , form of Pit [M.E. /ijY, O.E. />;//] Carolus de Pette.— //i<»rf. .ffo/b. Pett is situated on low, watery ground. (A.-Fr.) Pet : v. Peat'. PETTAFER1 . „ ... PETTAFORJ^-P^t'^^^''- "I American forms of Petty, Petit, ; qv. PETTEE PETTEY PETTENGELL PETTENGILL PETTINGELL PETTINGILL PETTINGLE corrupt forms of Portingale, q.v. Pettepher 74 Phelati I V. Petit. PETTEPHER, v. Petifer. PETTER, a form of Peter, q.v. PETTERS, Fetter's (Son) 1 v. Petten, PETTERSON, Fetter's Son J Peter. PETTET , PETTETT 1 PETTIT PETTITT 2 the Fi;ench Petet {also Petot) = Soft, Delicate, Small-footed [v. under Peat' and + the Fr. dim. suff. -et (and -oi\ PETTIFER 1 PETTI FOR U. Petifer. PETTIPHERJ PETTIGREW (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Crane-Foot (a nickname) [A.-Fr. pee de grue, foot of a crane — Lat. pes, pedis, a foot ; de, of j grus (abl. grue), a crane] Pettigrew is therefore the same as the word ' pedigree,', which occurs in the i5th-ceint, 'Promptorium Parvulorum ' as petygru, etc. PET(T)INGER, a (North.) form of Pottinger, q.v. PETTIT PETTITT }"■ Petit. PETTIVER, V. Petifer. PET(T)iVIAN, a var. of Pitman, q.v. [M.E. pette, a pit] PETTRIDGE(Eng.)Bel.to Fettridge (Kent), A.D. 747 Patlanhryge (JudX. charter), mid- loth-cent. Pcetlan-hrycg = P.etla's Ridge [A.-Sax. PcBtlan-, genit. of Pcetla + hrycg, a ridge] PETTY, a weak form of Petit, q.v. PETTYFER, v. Petifer. PETWORTH (Eng.) Bel. to Fetworth (Sussex), the Domesday Peteorde- If the Domes- day-Book form had been the earliest • found there would have been little difficulty in concluding that Fetworth was Pseta's orPeata's Estate ; but there seems to be no doubt that the place is that referred to in a late-8th-cent. Latin charter of Aldwulf, Ealdorman of the South Saxons ('dux Stl]>-Saxonum' ), as Peartingawyrth = Vae Estate of the Peart- Family [v. under Partington ; and -f O.E. wur^, weor^, enclosure, farm, estate] PEVENSEY. Bel to Pevensey, nth cent. Pefenisea, A.D. 960, 857, ai)d 790 Pevenisel, A.D. '788 Pevenesel [The earliest forms dis- pose of the river (O.E. ed) theory, and ip all probability the second element is the O.E. sele (= O.Sax. selij, a hall, house. The pers. name, although doubtless Teutonic, is not A.-Saxon : it app. repre- sents a Cont. LowTGer. variant of the A.-Sax.' Pippen (v. Pippin, Pepin), with medial p labio-dentalized to / (and then v): cp. O.N./»rf/ (I>ah.-Norw. /iflu^) and O.L.Ger. pdvos (M.Dut. paeves), pope ; while A.-Saxon pdpa (prob. ovving , to earlier borrowing) has retained the p of Lat. papa: cp. also Fr. pawure jp.^r. povre) from Lat. pauper ; Ital. piva, a pipe, from Lat. /ij^fl ; and Peverell] PEVERALL \ the Norman Peverel (Latinized PEVERELL] as Pz>««/ks), a form of the O. Fr. Piperel (later Pipereau),v}\th medial p labio-dentalized to/ = :; : v. Pepperell (Fr.) ; and Peever. WiUiam Peverel, to whom William L entrusted the care of the castle which he built at Nottingham, is said, on very meagre ' authority, to have been an illegitimate son of the Conqueror. William Peverel. — Gf. Inq. bfServ., A.D. 1213. Sir Hugh le Peverel, A.D. 1344. — Blomefield, Hist- Norf. PEVERLEY (Eng.) Dweller at Fever's Lea [v. under Peever ; ,and -|- M.E. ley, O.E. ledh] PEW, a contr. of the Wei. ap-Hew = Son of Hew or Hugh : v. Hew', Hugh. [Wei. ' ap, ab, son] Cp. Pugli. PEWTER, metpn. for Pewtrer, q.v. PEWTRER (A.-Fr.) Fewterer, i.e. Pewter- Worker [M.E. pewtir, pewtyr, peutre ; O.Fr. pe(a)utre, peltre, a kind of metal, an alloy : app. conn, with E. spelter\ PEWTRESS, the fern, form of Pewtrer, q.v. PEYTON (Eng:) Bel. to Peyton : v. Payton. PHARAOH I normally an imit. form of Farrow PHAROAH • (q.v.) ; rarely a borrovying of the PHARO J Egyptian regal title i^araoft [cp., O.Egyptian Pr-o, 'great (or royal) house'] " In the New Kingdom it [Pr-'o\ became at once personal, and was soon a common term for the king .... documents exist naming the Pr-'oNJiw, the exact equiva- lent of ' Pharaoh-Nechp ' .... In Old Coptic ( of the 2nd cent. A-D;) the descendant of Pr-'o is simply Pero, ' the king.' "—Bible Diet., ed. Hastings, iii. 819. PHEASANT (A.-Fr.-Lat.-Gr.) a nickname and sign-name from the bird so called [M.E. ' fesa(u)nt, Fr.faisan, Latphasiam] PHELAN for O'Phelan, q.v. Phelip PHELIP \ forms (chiefly West. Eng.) of Philip, PHELP J q.v. king Phelip of France. — ' Roh. Glouc. Chron. : Wm. Conq., 493 (7786). PHELIPS PHELPS 75 |phel(i)p's (Son), Picard PHiLL6T(T, adim. of Plilllp (q.V:), + the Fr. dim. suff. -ot. ' . PHiLLOT(T)S, Phillot(t)'s (Son). PHiLLP, like Phiip, for Philip, q.v. PHETHIAN, V. Phythian. PHEYSEY, usually for Faoey (q.v.); rarely for Vasey (q.v.) PHIBB, a dim. of Phil(e)bert, q.v. PHiBBS I Phibb's (Son). 2 for Phipps, q.v. PHILBERT I French forms of the O.Ger. PHILEBERTiFi'W&^rt = Very or Greatly Illustrious or Nobi,e [v. under Filmer, and + O.Sax. herht, O.H.Ger. beraht = O.E. be(o)rht = Goth, bairht-s = O.N. biart-r,^it.) bright, glorious, illustrious,etc.] The O.German name was Latinized Philibertus. PHILBIN for Philpin, q.v. PHILBRiCK \ (East. Eng. or Scand.) Bel. to PHILBRIGG iFelbrigg (Norf. : 13th cent. FeU bregge', i^ih cexiX. Fellbrigg); or Dweller at a Drawbridge, [O.E. feall^ (f. fealtati, to fall) = O.N.felli- ((^ fella, to fell, let fall) + O.East.E. brycg = O.N. bryggia, a bridge (cp. Swed. fdllbro, a drawbridge] PHILBYfor.Filby, q.v. PHILCOCK, a dim. of Philip (q.v.) + the pet suff. -cask. PHILCOX, Philcock's (Son) : v. Philcoclt. PHILIBERT, V. Phiibert. PHILIP \ (A,-Lat.-Gr.) Horse-Lover [Lat. PH I LI PP I Philippus, Gr. *£X«r5ros— *a-os, Ipv- PHILLIP I ing ; iiTTTos, a horse] PHILLIPP^ } Philip's (Son) = Philip (q.v.) + the Fr. dim. suff. -ot. PHILIPPS PHILIPS PHILLIPPS PHILLIPS ■> \ V. Philip. PHILIPSON I Philip's Son phillipson;*^"'"^^*™ j PHILKIN, a dim. of Philip (q.v.) + the E. dim. suff. -kin. , PHILLIMORE, V. Fillmore. PHILLIS, for the French F4lice, Lat. Felicia (M.Lat. iorm also Felisia), a fem. form of Felix, q.V. PHILLPOT PHILLPOTT PHILPOT PHILPOTT Philippot and Philippet are common French surnames. PHILLPOTTS, Phillpot(t)'s (Son): v. Phillpot(t. PHILP for Philip, q.v. PHILPIN = Philip (q.v.) + the Fr. dim. suff. -in. ' ' PHILPS, PiilLP's (Son): v. Phiip, Philip. PH I LSON, Phil's Son : Phil, a diml of Philip, q-v. . , PHINNJ'-'^'""- PHINNEY, V. Finney. PHIPP, a dim. (assim.) form of Philip, q.v. PHIPPtN \ =, Phipp (q.v.) + the Fr. dim. PHIPPIN J suff. -«■«. PHIPPS, Phipp's (Son) \ ,, di,i«,, Ph!ii« PHIP(P)SON,Phipp'sSon j^- ^'^'PP' ^'^'''P- PHIZACKERLEY for Fa;5aokerley, q.v. PHCENIX (Gr.) Dweller at the sign of the Phoenix , \Lai. phmiix, Or. . 2 var. of Percy, q.v. PIERMAN, V. Pearman. PIERPOINT PIERPONT PIERREPONTJ (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Bel.toPierrepont (N. France) ; or Dweller at the Stone Bridge [Fr./>i«r«, Lat. petra (Gr. Ttirpa), stone -1- Fr. pont, Lat. pons, pontis, a bridge] This name was Latinized in our records de Petra Ponte ; and in the 13th cent, is usually Perpont, Perpunt. There are villages called Pierrepont in the Depts. Calvados and Somme. PIERS, an A.-Fr. f6rm of Petrus : v. Peter. Piers Emerik. — Pari. Rolls. Piers Gaveston.the favourite of Edward IL, came of a Guienne family. At heigh prime Piers Leet the plowgh stonde. — Piers Plowman, 4020-1. PIERSE, V. Piers. PIERSON, Pier's, or Piers', Son : v. Pier, Piers. PIETT, V. Pyett. PIGG (Scand.) a nickname and sign-name from the Pig [M.E. pig(ge must represent Dan.-Norw. pige-smn, s. youtig female swrine (cp. Dan.-Norw. pigeVctrn, a female child)— /'!^e= Swed./i!^a= O.N. ^zfta, agirl: note the corresp. Low Ger. bigge, a pig, a little child, and Out. big, bigge (f.), a young female pig (we find the form with p- voiced to b- in this country in the 17th cent.: "In English we call a young Swine a bigg."— R. Holme, 'Armoury'; N.E.D.) In common usage -ii)!« (-swine) was dropped, as it was in the'ease of /io^-: v.'Hogg. The first three words of Dr. Johnson's definition of a pig — 'a young sow or boar' — contain the original meaning of thp word] This surname is found in the Hundred RoWs as Pig and Pigge. Piggin 78 PiUsworth PIGGIN is found in the 14th cent, as PickynK V. Pickin, Pioken. PIGGOT •! I tlje French Pigot, Pigat, Piguet, PIGGOTT denoted individuals whose faces PIGOT were spotted or pitted [f. O.Fr. PIGOTT J pigue, pockmarked, freckled, etc., with dim. suif. -ot, -at, -ei] 2 for Picot : v. under Pieket(t. I^got occurs ill Leland's supposed copy of the Roll of Battle Abbey ; Pigot in Hohnshed's copy ; and Pigot is the usual form in the Hundred-Rolls. A ii5th-cent. Thomas Pygot, of Norfolk, was also known as Picot. PIGHILLS, V. under Pickles. PIKE (EngO I Dweller at a Pointed Hill ; also a Pointed Piece of Land, a Gore [M.E.pike; O.E. pic, a point, pike] 2 a nickname from the vyeapon, also the fish, so called [same etymology] , , 3 Dweller at a Turnpike [same etymo- logy] See Peak(e and Pick. PIKEMAN (EngO I PIke-Soldier [M.E. pike, a weapop ; O.E. pic, a point, pike + man] 2 Turnpike-Keeper. The cheery toot of the guard's horn to, warn some drowsy pikeman. — Tom Brown's School-Days, I. iv. 3 = Pike' (q.v.) -|- man. PIKESLEY, V. Pixley. PIUCH, meton. for a pilch-maker : v Pilcher. PILCHER (A.-Lat.) Pilch Maker or Dealer \M.E.pilchei'e,pylchere;, f. M.E.pilche, pylche, a fur garment ; O.E.pyl(e)ce, Lat. pellicea] , PILDITCH (Eng.) Dweller at a Pooi-DiTCH [Dial. E. pill, a weak fotm of O.E. pul, a pool ; O.E. die, a ditch, dike] PILE (A.-Lat.) Dweller at a Small Tower [M.E.j»j7e; O.E.pil, Lat. pila, a pillar] Richard atte Pile. — Subsidy-Roll (Soms.), A.D. 1327. Swinburne, a little castle or pile. — Holland, Camden; T.L.O. Davies, p. 493. Cp. Peel(e. PILGRAMl(A.-Fr.-Lat. ). Pilgrim [O.Fr. PILGRIM i pelegrin; Lut. peregrin-us, a stran- ger] The modern French form, PUerin (also meaning a hypocrite), is found in our Huhdred-RoUs. ' PILKINGTON (Eng.) Bel. to Pilkington , (L^ncs), A.H. 1212 PilMntoii, i2ifi Pilkiiig- ton, 1319 Pylkyngton; A.-Sax. *Pilocinga-tun = the EsTATfe of the Piloc Family [the pers. name is prob. the O.E. pil (Lat. ptl- um), a spike, dart, with the dim. suff. -oc {-uc) + -inga, genit. pi. of the fil. suff. -ing -1- <««, estate, manor, etc.] Lieut.-Col. Pilkington, F.S.A., of Liver- pool, has written much on his ancestry, including a 'History of the Pilkington Family audits Branches, 1066-1600' (1912). He notes that "James Pilkington (who became Bishop of Durham), in 1559 when Master of St. John's College, Cambridge, signed his name 'Ja: Pilkinton,' whilst in his will of i 57 1 he wrote '/a: Pilkington ' r the bishop's brother Leonard, who suc- ceeded him as Master of the College, sighed 'Leo. Pylkyngton,' and in his will of 1 598, ' Leonarde Pilkington." ' PILL I the Dial. E. pill, a form of 0,E. pul, a pool: V. Pool (e [v. under Pilton"] 2 a weak form of Peel, q.v. PILLEY (Eng.)Bel.toPiUey(Yorks: 14th cent. Pillay ; Hants, etc.) {M.E. ley, lay, O.E. ,ledh, a meadow: the $rst element may be the Dial. E.pill, a pool, or O.E. ^^/, astake, or the A,-Sax. pers. name Pila] PILLIN "1 (Eng.) Bel. to Pilling (Lanes), A.D. PILLING J 1671 Pittin, i6th cent. Pylyn, Pilyn, PilliMg, i2';oPylin [It isuncertain whether the -g in PUling is original. If it is, the name may represent an A.-Sax. *Pilingas (dat. *Pilingum), '(the Estate of the) Pil- ' Family'; or the -ing may be the O.N.E. -ing (O.N, eng), a meadow, the first ele- ' ment being Dial. E. pill a pool ; or the second element may really be N.E. ling (O.N. lyng), heath. But if — as seems not unlikely — the -g here is excrescent, -lyn or -lin may be the N.E. /(«, a pool, and pilhs O.E. pil, a stake (there is, or was, a large moss at Pilling ; also noted ' fence- dikes '] PILLINGTON (Eng.) i Bel. to Pillington, 14th cent. (Yorks) Pyllyngton, A.-Sax. *Pilinga- tiin = the Estate of tiIe Pii^ Family [the pers. name is prob. f. O.E. pil, a dart 4- -inga,gemt.^\.oi the fil. snS.-ing + tAn, estate, etc.] 2 There may have been some confusiod with Billington, q.v. PILLMAN = Pill (q.y.) -f- man. PI LLSBU RY \ (Eng.) Bel. to Pil'sbUrV (Derby), PILSBURY JA.-Sax. *Pilesburh =-PIl(e)'s Stronghold [O.E. burh, a fortified place] PILLSWORTH, V. Pilsworth. Pilsdod 79 Pinke PI LS DON (Eng.) Bel. to Pilsdon, form. Pillesdon (Dorset) = P£l(e)'s Hill [O.E. din, a ' hill] ■ Near this village is Pilsdon Pen Hill (930 ft.): if (as in all probability |s the case) the Pen is the Wei, pen, a hill, we have in this name three separate words denoting , a height. PILSON, prob. for Pilsdon, q.v. PILSWORTH (Eng.) Bel. to Pilsworth (Lanes) = Pi'l(k)'s Farmstead [O.E. a)or}>, farm, messuage] The 'ancient hamlet' of Pilsworth formed part of the fee held by Roger de Midelton, A.D. 1212. PILTER, a var. of Pelliter, q.v. PILTON (Eng.) Bel. to Pilton (Soms. ; Devon ; Northants ; Rutland, etc.) = i the Pool Enclosure or Farm [a weak form of p.E. piil, a pool + tiin : a variant render- ing of the boundaries specified in a Somer- setshire charter of Ini, king of Wessex (' Cart. Sax.' No. 112), has pil where the charter printed in full has put\ 2 the StAKE-ENCLOsuRE [O.E. pil, a stake, pile + t&n\ 3 Pila's Farm or, Est ate. , Pilton, Somerset, occurs in an eighth- century Latin charter ('Cart. Sax.' No. 142) as Piltun, and in another form of the same charter as Hft«« and PoaftoM. The Devon- shire Pilton was Pilton in Ijie 13th cent. PI M \ (Teut.) f. the O.Teut. pers. name Pimo, PIMM J Pymma, the latter being the name of a loth-cent. abbot mentioned in the 'Lib. Vit.lEccl. Dunelm.' [orig. uncertain, but not improbably a dim. form of the O.Teut. iif»6^A/(found in France to-day asHmJert), Pinbald, etc.] Pimme is a common form in the 13th- cerit. Hundred-Rolls ; Pym, Pyme, and Pymme occur in the 14th cent. PIMBLETTx PIMBLOTT = Pirn (q.v.) -f- the Fr. double PI M LETT. ■ dim. suH. -el-et, -el-ot. PIMLOTT . Pimelet, Pimelot, are now rare in France; but forms with a single dim- suff., e.g. Pim{b)el, Pimet, are fairly common. The medial b sometimes occurring in this name is the common post-»i labial intrusion. PINCH prob. represents the Dan.-Norw. Pinse = Pentecost, q.v. PINCHARD = Pinch (q.v.) -h the Fr. dim. snf{. -ard [O.Frank, hard, hard, brave] PINCHBACKI ('Scand. ) Bel. to Pinchbeck pinchbeck]; (Lines), 13th cent Pincebe{c)k, A.D.,966 Pineebek, A.D. 810 Pmcebek = PiNCE's or PiNSE's Beck [v. under Pinch, and + O.N. bekk-r, a brpok] Swedish borrowej^ E. (pinchbeck,' the metal, in the form pinsback. Note that 'pinchback' was formerly used to denote a niiser ; more' specifically, one who denied himself proper clothes [E. pinch and back} PINCHES, Pinch's (Son) : v. Pinch. PINCH IN \ I = Pinch (q,v.) -f the Fr. dim. PINCHING J suff- -'■«• 2 for Pinchon, q.v. PINCHON, the North. Fr. form of Fi.pinson = the Finch [like Ital. pincione, a chaffinch, allied to O.H.Ger. fincho and O.E. fine, finch] Janet, Janotlmais quel oysel [oiseau] es-tu? ^s-iVL pinchon, linot, merle, ou cahu? Anc. Chans. Norm.; Moisy. PINCKNEY, V, Pinkney. p'i:S^^} = >°""''en,q.v. Walter le Pinder. — Hund. Rolls. ' The Pindar (or Pinder) of Wakefield ' (Georg^ a Green) is the subject of one of the Robin Hood ballads. She doth not only think of lusty Robin Hood, But of his meriryman, the Pindar dl \.\is Town Of Wakefield, George a Greene.^ Drayton, Poly-Olbion, xxviii, 70-2. PINE (A.-Lat.) Dweller at a PiNE(-Tree) [O.E. pin(-treow), Lat. pin-usi PINER = Pine (q.v.) + the agent, suff. -er. PINERO, an altered form of the Portug. , Pinhdiro = a Pine-Tree [f. Lai. pin-us] PINFOLD (Eng.) Dweller at a Cattle-Pound [f. M.E. pinnen, pennen, O.E. pennian, to ' pen + M.E. fold, O.E. fald, a. fold] PINGEON I for Pinchon, q.v. 2 for Pidgeon, q.v. PINGSTON, V. PInxton. PINK ]. I a nickname from the Chaffinch PINKEJ [Dial E./»««fe: cp.V^eX. pine, a finqh; gay, fine] ' Pink : chaffinch ; pinkfodted goose.' — S. Willcox, Local Names of Brit. Birds, p. 31- Pinkerton 8d Pinyotl 2 the A.-Sax. pers. name Pinca, Pincik (we find the latter form in Pinckesbrugg, occurring in a Somersetshire charter A.D, 936) [O.E. pinca, pynca, m., a point] PINKERTON. A doubtful name. Lower('Pa- tronymica Brit.') says HiiAPynkertonoccwrs in the Ragman Roll, A.D. 1296, and that it is a corrupt form of Punchardon, which is found, by the way, in the Yorkshire and Devonshire Hundred-Rolls. This is not very likely. Punchardon evid. represents the Orne place-name Pontchardon [Fr. pont, bridge; chardon, thistle, spike]. In my opinion, Pinkerton is an obscure Or lost ' Scottish enclosure-name, the pers. name perhaps being the French Pingdrd, if not the A.-Sax. Pinca. If, however, the -ton is not the M.E. -ton, tun, 'an enclosure, the name may represent — with intruded -r- — the French Pingueton, a double dim. pers. name f. Lat. pingu-is, tat. PINKNEY (Eng.) Bel. to Pinkney (Norfolk: 13th cent. Pinkeney ; Wilts, etc.) = (prob.) Pinca's Island or Riparian Land [A.-Sax. *Pincan-ig — Pincan-, genit. of Pinca. (Q.'E. pinca, ra., a point), -|-(g-, island, waterside] PINKS, Pink's (Son) : v. Pink. PlNKSTON(E, v. Pinxton. PINN (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Bel. to (Le) Pin (Normandy, etc.) = the Pine (-Tree) [Fr. pin, Lat. pin-US, pine-tree] (Le) Pin is a common French place- name. (Eng.) the somewhat rare A.-Sax. pers. name Pinn(a [O.E. pinn, pin, peg, pen (Lat. penna]: cp. Pinnell (Eng.) Pinn is occ. a var. of Penn, q.y. In an 8th-cent. Wiltshire charter (' Cart. Sax.! 279a) we find, in the boundary portion, the phrase ' usque la [sic] pinne vel penne.' PINNELL (A.-Fr.-Lat.) The common French Pinel (later, Pineau) is a dim. i. Fr. Pin (v. under Pinn')- It seems to have been used as a purely pers. name : it formerly also meant 'bouquet,' just as the Lat. pin-US also denoted ' a garland (of pine- leaves)'. The O.Fr. pinel, in addition to its prim- ary signification, denoted a pine-wood ('bois de pins'). Roger Pinel. — Hund. Rolls. John Pinel.-^ do. (Eng.) (rarely) the A.-Sax. Pinnel, found in a charter A.D. 796 relating to land at Pinnelesfeld (supp. Pinchfield, Rickmans- worth). As this charter is headed Pynnes- feld, Pinnel is evid. merely a dim. of Pinn : V. Pinn (Eng.) Pinnell is occ. for Pennell, q.v. PINNER (Eng.) I for Plnder = Poundep.q.v. O yonder stands my steed so free Among the cocks of hay, Sir ; And if the pinner chance to see. He'll take my steed away, Sir. — 'The Baffled Knight,' 17-20: Percy's Reliques. 2 Pin Maker or Dealer [M.E. pynner, pinner; f. M.E. pinne, O.E. pinn, a pin, peg] JPywK^-j, nedelers, and glasyers. — Cocke Lorelles Bote, Percy Soc, vol. vi. 3 Bel. to Pinner (M'sex). Pinner is supposed to derive its name from the little river Pin, in which case -er would represent O.E. ora, a bank, shore; but more likely the stream-name has been 'invented' from the village- name. PIN NICK I Dweller at a Pine-Grove [Bret, pineg eg (= Corn, -ek), plen. suff.] 2 for Pinnock, q.v. PINNIGER 1 PINNEGAR PINNIGAR J ■ forms of Pennager, q.v. PINNINGTON, V. Pennington. PINNION (Celt.) for the Wei. Ap-Einion = SonofEinion:v. En(n)ion [Wei. a/'jSon], PIN NOCK (EngAi a nickname from theHEDGE- Sparrow [M.E. and Dial. E. pinnoc{k; pin(n for pen, a feather, wing (Lat. penna) + the dim. suff. -ocfk] Richard Pinnoc.^-/fMKr/ie/-(«, piper{e, OS,, pipere = O.N. />!>««] Richard le Pipere. — Pari. Writs. Plpere was an A.-Sax. pers. name, as we. see from a charter of Nunna, king of the South Saxonsi granting land it PiperAnges. PlPplTT}'P«PP«t(t- Pipet is now a somewhat rare surname in France. PIPPIN, V. Peppin, Pepin. William Pippin.— flawd. Rolls. PIRIE TfEng.) Dweller by a Pear -Tree PIRRIE J {M.E. pirie,pyrie, O.E. pirige, *purige'\ Piries [some MSS. pyries'\ andplUmtrees Were puffed to the erthe. — Piirs Plowman, 2503-4. PIRT, V. Pert. PITCAIRN (Celt.) Bel. toPitcairn (Perthshire), 13th cent. Peticarne 7= the Cairn-Croft [Pict. pett, a croft, piece of land- = Wei. and Corn, peth, a portion (several of the East. Scot. Pit- place-names were anc. Peth-) ; and Celt, cam, a cairn] There are (or were) two cairns by Pitcairn. PITCHARD, V. Pichapd. PITCHER (A.-Fr.) i the French Picher, Pichier, palatal forms oi pigu(i)er = Pike-Man [f. Fr. pique, a pike, the same word as pic, a pick, and lta.\. picca, a pike; also O.E. pic, fi pike : cp. Lat. pic-us, a woodpecker] 2 for the French Pichard: v. Pichard. Colonel D. G. Pitcher, in his ' Notes on the Surname Pitcher' (1912), mentions a ' will ot the year 1551 in which the testator,. John PychardJ makes a bequest ,to his uncle William Pyteher, also referred to as Pilchard; while the testator's wife is Alice Pyichard. In the Inq. P.M. held in the same year the testator's name appears as Pichard and also IHchar, and that of his wife as Pycharde. The name of a Royalist major who was shot in London in 1648 is entered in the Parliamentary journals as William Picard; in the proceedings of the trial as William Pitcher. PITCHFORD r (Eng.) Bel. to Pitchford (Sal- PITCHFORTH J op), 13th cent. Picheford, also Picford \the place is said to owe the first element of its name to a pitchy oil-well there — O.E. pic, pitch + ford\ Cp. PIckford. PITHER, V. Pether. PITHOUSE (Eng.) Dweller at the Pit-House (House by the Pit) LO.E. pyt{t + husi There is a place called Pit Houses in Northumberland; and a Pitthouse is men- tioned in a lyth-cent. Dorsetshire Visita- tion. PITKE(A)THLY (Celt.) Bel. to Pitkeathly or Pitcaithly (Perth) [the first element is the Pict. pett, a croft, piece of land (v, under Pitcairn) ; the second has been referred to the Gael, caithleach, husks, chaff (doubt- ful] PITKIN, a dim. of Peter (q.v.), with the E. dim. sufl. -kin [O.L.Ger. -k-iii] Prob. in many cases for the Dutch Pietlan. PITMAN (Eng.) Dweller at a Pit [O.E. pyt + man] PITNEY (Eng.) Bel. to Pitney (Soms.) = Pix(t)a's Waterside [ prob. A.-Sax. ■ Pit{t)anig — Pit{t)an-, genit. of Pit{t)a + ig, island, waterside] We find the form Pittanig in a charter A.D. 963 (' Cart. Sax.,' 1118); but here it is a variant of the forms Peattahig and Pea- tanig which occur earlier in the same charter and seem to relate to Patney, Wilts. PITT (Eng.) I Dweller at a Pit [O.E. />;;<(< (Lat. pute-us] Robert in the Pyt.— Pari. Writs, A.X>. 1300. Simon atte Pitte. — Close Rolls, A..^. iZC,2. 2 (rarely) the A.-Sax. pers. name Pita. , PITTAWAY = Pittway (q.v.) with intrus. medial -a-. PITTET PITTIT Ivars. of Pettet, Pettit, q.v. PITTMAN = Pitman, q.v. Pitts 82 Piatt PITTS, genit., and pi., of Pitt, q.v. PITTWAY (Eng.) Dweller at the Pit-Way, i.e. the way to or by the pit [O.E. pyt{t + weg\ PIX, Pick's (Son) : v. Pick. PIXLEY (Eng.) Bel. to Pixley (Heref.), 13th cent. Pikesley = Pic's Lea [the pers. name is f. O.E. pk, a pike + ledh a lea] PIXTON (Eng.) I. Bel. to Pixton = Pic's Estate [A.-Sax. *Pices-tiin\ There is a Pixton Park in Somersetshire. 2 for Pinxton, q.v. PLACE (A.-Fr.-Lat.-Gr.) Dweller at a Place, i.e. a Hall or Country Mansion [Fr. place, a place, town, square ; Lat. platea, Gr. TrXoTeid (iem. of irXaris, wide), a broad street] John atte Place. — Subsidy Roll (Soms.); A.D. 1327. In the 17th century the term 'place- house' was used to denote a country- seat — ' I hate London ; our place-house in the country is worth a thousand of 't.' — Wycherley, The Country Wife. PLACKETT, a nickname, with dim. suff. -e)t, f. the French plaque, a patch, badge, etc. PLAICE, V. Place. PLAIN (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Dweller at a Plain or Level [Fr. plain{e, a plain, lea, heath; Lat. plan-urn, a plain] Confused with Plane, q.v. PLAISTED, V. Playstead. PLAISTER (A.-Lat.-GrO for Plasterer [f. O.E. plaster = O.Fr. plaistre (Fr. pldtre), a plaster; Lat. emplastr-um, Gr; ^fi,ir\aa-Tp-oi>, a plaster] PLAISTOW \ _ Di==+„,„ n „ plaistowe)='^'^^**'*''1'^- PLANE (A.-Fr,-Lat.) Dwe,ller at a Plane-Tree [M.E. plane, Fr. plane^ platane, Lat. platan- us, Gr. ifK&Tav-oi, a plane-tree] Confused with Plain, q.v. PLANK (A.-Fr.-Lat.) i Dweller at the Plank, i.e. over a watercourse or bog [N.Fr. planque (Fr. planche), Lat. planca'] Matilda de la Plank. — Cal. Geneal. There is a place called Les Planques in the Pas-de-Calais Dept. 2 the French pers. name Planque, Lat. Planc-us [from a stem plac-, flat ; cp. I Gr. trUi, ' anything flat and broad'] Plancus (app. orig, applied to a flatfooted individual) was a nomen of the gens Munatia. PLANT "1 (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Dweller at a Planta- PLANTEJtion or Grove [Fr. plant; Lat. planta, a tviig, graft] Du Plant (Duplant) is not an uncommon French name. PLANTEROSE (A..Fr.-Lat.) Rose-Grovter [Fr. plante, he plants; f. Lat. planta, a plant -j- Fr. rose, Lat. rosa, a rose] John Plaunterose. — Hund. Rolls. An analagous French name is Plantevig- neS| for a vine-grower. de Planterose occurs in the Paris Directory, as if for an equiv. 'of the Rosebush.' PLASKET ] (N.Eng. orScand.) Dweller at a PLASKETT \ SWAMEY Piece OF Land [N. and PLASKITT J East. Dial. E. plask, a shallow pool ; cp. O.E. plcesc = M.Dut. plasch (pron. plask), a puddle, and Dan.-Norw. plaske, to plash : -et(f app. represents O.E. hde/S = O.N. hei^^, Dan.-Norw. hede, a heath] The palatal form is seen in the West. Eng, ploshett, ' a swampy meadow.' Pfaskets, Northumberland, situated on the River North Tyne, is variantly Plaws- ketts and Plashetts. PLASTER, an etymologically more correct form than Plaister, q.v. PLASTO HEng.) Bel. to Plastow or Plai- PLASTOW / stow ( Surrey, Sussex, E^sex, Kent, etc) = the Playground, Athletic Grounds, Amphitheatre [O.E.ptegstdiv] Nicholas de la Pleystowe. — Hund. Rolls. / PLATER (A.-Fr.-Lat.) i Plate-Maker [f. Fr. plat, a dishi plate — plat, flat ; L.Lat. platt-^s, flat ; cp. Gr. jrXaris, flat, wide] 2 P'laiter, Folder [f. M.E.playte, O.Fr. pleit/ a fold ; Lat. plicat-us, folded] Walter Playtur.— if««i. Rolls. PLATT (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Dweller on a Flat [Fr. i>/a<; V. under Plater] Du Plat (Duplat) is now rather rare in France. (Eng.) Dweller at a Plot of ground ' [M.E. platft, app. f. O.E. plot, with the M.E. spelling influenced by Fr. plat] Now therefore take and cast him into the plat of ground. — IL Kings, ix. 26. I^oger del Plat.— Hac. Dom.Cap. Westm. Geoffrey de Platte.— Lane. Assize-Rolls, A.D. 1285. Plattan 83 Pluck PLATTAN "I (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Dweller at a, Plane- PLATTEN J TREE [FT.platane: v. under Plane] The fruitful! olive, and the platane round. — The Faerie Queene, I. i. ix. PLATTS, genit., and pi., of Piatt, q.v. Johannes de Plattes. — Yorks Potl-Tax, A.D. 1379. PLAYER (Eng.) Actor; Athlete [O.'E.plegere] PLAYFAIR (Eng.) Playmate [M.E. play/ere, plaifere; O.E. plega, play + f£ra^ com- panion] Than out and cam the Jewis dochter, Said, Will ye cum in and dine ? 1 winnae cum in, I cannae cum in , Without my playferes nine. — 'The Jewis Dochter," 5-8; Percy's Religms. PLAYLE 1 (Eng.) app. for Playhale = the PLAYLL J Sports-Corner (Field) \0S.. plega, play, sport + heal{lit a corner] PLAYNE, V. Plane. PLAYSTEAD "I (Eng.) Dweller at i a Play or PLAYSTED /Sports Place [O.E. plega, : play, sport + stede, a place] Philip atte Pleystede. — Subsidy Roll (Soms.), A.D. 1327. 2 a Sports Post or Pillar [0,E. plega + siudu, pillar, etc.] John atte Pleystude. — Subsidy Roll (Soms.), A,D. 1327. PLEASANCE |;A.-Fr.-Lat.) i Dweller at or by a Country-Seat or Pleasant Retreat [A.-Fr. plesa{,u)nce, plesence, Fr. plaisance, lit. pleasure ; in French topography short for 'raaison de plaisance,' country-seat, villa, or ' lieu de plaisance,' pleasant re- treat ; O.Fr. plaisant, pleasing : v. under Pleasant] Reginald de Plesence. — Hund. Rolls. Plaisance is a fairly common French place-name. 2 Pleasant's (Son) : v. Pleasant. PLEASANT (A.-Fr.-Lat.) the French Plaisant •= Pleasant, Droll ; Jester, Humour- ist [O.F. plaisant,-p\ei3.sm^,i. plaisirf'LaX. placere, to please] PLESTU for Plastow, q.v. PLEVIN (Fr.) Pledge [O.Fi. plevine, a pledge; f. O.Fr. plevir, to pledge] PLEW, a North, fotia of Plow, q.v. Of pales, of powndis, of parkis, oiplewes, Of tounes, of towris, of tresoures un- io\As,—Aiuntyrs of Arthure, 146-7. PLEWS (Eng.) Plew's (Son) : v. Plew, Plow. (Celt. + Taut.) perh. occ. for Wei. Ap- Lewis = Son of Lewis, q.v. PLIMLEY, V. Plum ley. PLIMMAR, V. Plummep. PLIMPTON, V. Plympton. PLIMSAUL \(Eng. ) Bel. to Plemstall or PLIMSOLL J Plemonstall (Chesh.) = Pleg- MtJND's Place [O.E. st{e)all, a place : the pers. name is a compound of O.E. plega, play, sport, and »!««rf, protector] A form of this name a.d. 1326-7 was Pleymundestowe [O.E. stSw, a place) A He^MMBrf was Archbishop of Canterbury A.D. 890-914. PLOMER, V. Plumer. PLOW (Eng.) I a nickname and sign-name from the Plough [M.E. plow, plouh, O.E. pm = O.N.pldg-r\ The pris neet [prize cattle] of Piers Plow.— Piers Plowman, 134S7. And maister Nicke the silkman at the Plow.—Vasqain, Night Cap (a.d. 1612) ; Lower, i. 21,1.. 2 Dweller at the Plough-Land. See Plew. PLOWDEN (Eng.) Bel. to Plowden (Salop), 13th centi Ploeden [th,e second element is, M.E. den{e, O.E. denu, a valley : the first is doubtful ; but note that the celebrated Marian lawyer Plowden ('The case is altered, quoth Plowden' : Proverb) was called Ploy den by John Fletcher, and that/>7cf)'(ewasa M.E. var. pf^/(ja)(e, plough (it was, however, also a rare'var. of M.E. pley{e, play] PLOWMAN (Eng.) Ploughman [M.E. /ifoo;, O.E. pldh (O.N. pUg-r), plough -f- man(n] I may nat doon as evtery plowman may. — Chaucer, Cant. Tales, E 799. PLOWRIGHT (Eng.) Plough-Maker [M.E. plowwrighte; O.E. pldh + pyrhta] PLOWS, genit., and pi., of Plow, q.v. PLOYD (Celt.) for the Welsh Ap-Uoyd, Ap- Llwyd=SoN OF Llwyd: v. Lloyd [Wei. ap, son] PLUCK (A.-Fr.-Lat.) an Anglicized form of the French Plugue, Plo{c)que,^ a nickname for a Shaggy individual [like Fr. ^loc, cow- hair (also Fr. /"s/mcAs, plush), from a L.Lat. */>!7«c;(e)-«s (tp.Ital./'^/Mccrd),shaggy, hairy; f. La.t. pil-us, hair] Plucknett 84 Poe PLUCKNETT (A.-Fr.-Lat.) an Anglicized form (Hund. Rolls, Plukenet) of the French Pluquinet : v. under Pluck, and + the Fr. double dim. suff. -in-et. PLUCKROSE (Eng.), 13th cent. Pluckerose, is app. a nickname for an official who, under an ancient tenurial condition, had periodi- cally to pluck a rose [O.K. pluccian, to pluck, gather + rose (Lat. rosa), a rose] PLUES, V. Plews. PLUM PLUMB PLUMBE PLUME / (Eng.) Dweller by a Plum-Trke [O.E. plume] (Fr.-Lat.) a nickname, or trade-name, from the French plume, a feather, plume [Lat. pluma] The b in forms of this name is the common post-m labial intrusion. In France, the surname is also found with the dim. suff. -et (Plumet). (Eng.) Dweller at the Plum- Tree Lea [O.E. pltime + ledh] PLUMBLEY PLUMBLY PLUMLEY PLUMBRIDGE for Plumridge, q.v. PLUMER 1 (A.-Fr.-Lat.) i Feather-Dress- PLUMMER fER [Fr. plumier; if. plume, a feather, plume, Lat. pluma] 2 Plumber [Fr. plomUer ; f. plonib, Lat. p'lumb-um, leadj (Eng.)--= Plum(m (Eng.), q.v. + the agent, suff. -et: John le piumer.— ijTaMrf. Rolls. PLUMM, V. Plum. PLUMPTON (Eng.) Bel. to Plumpton = the Plum-Tree Orchard or Enclosure [O.E. pliime + tiin] Both the Northants and the Lane. Plumpton were Plumton and Plumpton in the 13th cent. PLUMPTRE(Ej(Eng.) Dweller by a Plum- PLUMTREE (Tree [O.E. plum-triow] There are two villages called Plumtree in Notts. PLUM RIDGE (Eng.) Dweller at the Plum- Tree RiDGt [O.E. pltime + hrycg] PLUMSTEAD \ (Eng.) Bel. to Plumste(a)d = PLUMSTED J the Plum-Tree Place [O.E. plum-stede] Plumstead, Kent, was Plumstede in the loth cent. PLUNKET 1 (A.-Fr.-Lat.) for the French {de PLUNKETT Ur del) Plonquetife, (de or del) PLUNKITT J Planquet{te = i (Of the) Plank- Way, Plank-Bridge [Nor. Fr. planque (Ft. planche), with dim. suff. -et(te; Lat. planca, a board] 2 f.'the Lat. Planers = Flatfooted [with Fr. dim. suff. -et(te] There is a ia Planquette in the Eure Dept., Normandy. (A.-Fr.-Teut.) a nickname or trade- name from the cloth so called [M.E. plunket, plonket(te, a coarse white wooUefl cloth ; a form of A.-Fr. blanket, O.Fr. blanchef, a dim. f. O.H.Cier. blanch, white] Hir belte was oi plonkette [one MS. blunket], vrith birdis full baulde, Botonede with besantes, and bokellede full bene. —Awntyrs of Arthure, 364-5. There may have been sporadic confu- sion with Plucknett, q.v. PLYMPTON (Celt. + Teut.) Bel. to Plympton (Devon) = the Town on the R. Plym [O.E. tiin, enclosure, dwelling(s, town: the river-name is doubtless Celtic; cp. Wei. plym-ol, writhing, twisting] (Eng.) a form of Plumpton, q.v. POCHIN, the French Pochin, a dim. nicknaine f. Fr. poche, a pouch, bag, sack, , (also) pock, pustule I app. O.N. poki, a poke, bag; and cp. O.K. poc(c — Dut. pdk, a pock] POCKETT, the French Po(c)quet, a dim. nick- name from North. Fr. poque = Fr. poche : V. under Pochin. POGKLINGTON (Eng.) Bel. to Pocklington (E.Yorks), 14th cent. Pokelyngton; 13th cent. Poelinton, Poklyngton, A.-Sax. *Poc- celinga-tun = the Estate of the Poccel Family [-inga, genit. pi. of the fil. suff. -ing ; tUn, estate, etc.] POCOCK, a form of Peacock, q.v. fcp. O.E. pdwa (Lat. pauo), a peacock] A sheef o£ pocok arwes [arrows], bright and kene, Under his belt he bar ful thriftily.— Chaucer, Cant. Tales, Prol. 104-5. PODGER, app. a by-form of Roger, q.v. PODMORE (Eng.) Bel. to Podmore (Staffs), 14th cent. Podmore, Podemor, Domesday Podemore - the Tadpole-Moor [M.E. pode, a tadpole (prob. aUied to O.N.padda, a toad) + ?nor(e, O.E. mdr] POE (A.-Lat.) a nickname and siga-name from the Peacock [M.E. po(e, O.E. pdwa, Lat. pauo] Cp. Pocock. Pogg 85 Pomroy In the North of England the name poe seems to have been transferred at some late period to the turkey. POGG POGGE UEng.) the M.E. Pogge (Yorks), J A.-Sa.x. *Ppcga [a var. of O.E. pohha, POGGSON POGSON allied to O.N. poki, a pouch, bag] I Pog(g)' 's Son : v. Pogg. POILE, a dial. var. of Pole, Pool(e, q.v. POIN DEXTER (A.-Fr.-Lat.) the French Poing- dextre (also Poiugdestre) = Right Fist (a sign-name) [Fr. poing, Lat. pugn-us, a fist + Fr. dextre, Lat. dexter, right] POINTER (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Point or Lace Maker [M.E. poynter,poyntour, f. M.E. poynt, ^oint, Fr. point — Lat. punct-um, a point] 'Point : A tagged lace, used in ancient dsess.'—HalHwell. Vasse le VoyTa.tex.—Hun£ Rolls. POINTING I for Ponting, q.v. 2 (occ.) conf. with Pointon, Poynton, q.v. POINTON (Eng.) Bel. to Pointon or Poynton: V. Poynton. POLACK \ ( Teut.-Slav. ) Pole, Polander POLAK J [Dan.-Norw. PoM, Swed. PolUck ; of Slavonic origin, as Russ. Polydk(e, Polander] To be a preparation 'gainst the Polack. — Hamlet, IL ii. 63. POLAND (A.-SIav.) Bel. to Poland, the Fr. Pologne, Ger. Polen, Pol. Polska [f. Slav. pole, a plain] (Eng.) Dweller at the Pool-Land [O.E. pol + land] POLDEN (Eng.) Dweller at the Pool-Hollow [O.E. pol + denu] POLE (Eng.) Dweller at a Pool [O.E. pol] Peter de la Pole. — Hund. Rolls, A.D. 1274. John atte Pole.^ — Chesh. Chmbrlns.' Accts., A.V. 1347-8. The pole of helle to my witnesse. — Chaucer, Rom. of the Rose, 5966. POLKING HORN ) (Celt.) Bel. to Polkinhorne POLKINGHORNE ;( Cornwall) [pot is the POLKINHORN 'common Corn, word for a POLKINHORNE ) a pit or pool : the second y element is app. a pers. name] POLLACK 1 I Bel. to Pollack (Hants) [doubt* POLLAK J ful : perh. O.E. ^rf/, pool + dc, oak (tree : ' cp. the Kentish place - name 'Poleash'] 2 for Pollock, q.v. 3 for Pol a (c)k, q.v. POLLARD (A.-Fr.-Lat. + Teut.) the French Polard, Pollard; Po;(/)- for Paul (q.v:) + the Fr. dim. -ard, TeUt. hard, hard, brave] (Teut.) One with a Close-Chopped Head \M..'e, pol{t)ard, I. pol{l),to clip the hair ; pol, poll, the head : cp. L.Ger. /"d/te] William VoXaxA.— Hund. Rolls. Henry Pollard. — Pari. Writs. POLLEN, prob. for Paulln, q.v. POLLETT POLLIT POLLITT pollottJ . I dims, of Paul, q.v. [Fr. dim. sufl. -et, -ot'} 2 (occ.) Bel, to Pawlett (Soms.) : v. PaWlett. The Registers of Oxford Univ. in the 1 6th century show more than one instance of the same individual being referred to as Paulet, or Poulet(t, and Pollett. POLLEX, app., for Polla(c)k's (Son): v. Polla(o)k. POLLEXFEN. ? Dweller at Polla(c)k's Fen (-land:v. Polla(cyk. POLLEY I for Pawley, Pauley, q.v. 2 a weak form of Pooley, q.v. POLLINGER, an unvoiced form of Bollinger = Bullinger, q.v. POLLMAN, a weak form of Poolman, q.v. POLLOCK ) (A.-Lat.) = Paul . (q.v.) + the POLLOK S E. dim. suff. -ock [O.E. -oc\ (Celt.) Dweller at i the Place of Holes or Pits [Gael, (and Ir.) pollack — poll, a hole, pit, pool + the plea. suff. -acK\ 2 the Little Pit [Gael, pollag] Pollo(c)kshaws, Glasgow, was Pollock in the 12th cent. POLLY, V. Polley. POLSON (Lat. + E.) Paul's Son : v. Paul. (rarely) (A.-Heb.) Poll's Son: Poll, used as a pet fbrm of Mary = Bitterness [Heb. mdrdh] POMEROY ] (A.-Fr.-Lat. ) Dweller at an POMMERY I Apple - Orchard [Fr. pom- POMROY ymeraie, apple - orchard ; L.Lat. pomeretum (re/«»«, plantation suff.), apple- orchard, fruit-garden; Lat. pomarium, orchard — pom-um, any kind of fruit] Henry de la Pomeraye.— /?««(/. Rolls. La Pommeray is a Calvados (Normandy) village-name. Berry Pomeroy, Devon, owes its second name to a Norman grantee. Pomfret 86 Poppinjer POMFRET pomfrett pomfritt pomphrett; Robert Pumfret, well-known corrupt forms of Pontefraot, q.v. -Hund. Rolls. POMFREY for Pumfrey, q.v. PON D (Eng.) Dweller at i a Pound [v. Pound] 2 a Pool [M.E. pottd(e, a var. o(pound(e: V. Pound] Roger atte Ponde. — Close Rolls, A.D. 1343. PONDER = Pond (q.v.) + the agent, suff. -«■: more specifically, ' keeper of a po(u)nd.' William le Pondere. — Hund. Rolls. PONSABY for Ponsonby, q.v. PONSONBY (Fr.-Lat. + Scand. ) Bel. to Ponsonby (Cumb.) = Ponson's Settle- ment or Estate {Poifson is tlie fairly common French pers. name (Cumberland historians mention a Norman Fitz-Pon- son), a dim. f. Lat. Ponti-us: — I- O.N. Jji-r] PONTEFRAOT (A.-Lat.) Bel. to Pontefract (Yorks) = Broken Bridge [Lat. pons, />fl«<-w, a bridge +/rac<-iM J, broken] " It was called by the Saxons \sic\ Kirkby, but after the Conquest obtamed the name of ' Pontfract,' from the breaking down of the bridge over the river Aire by the Northumbrian insurgents in 1070 to arrest the progress of William the Conqueror, who was in pursuit with a formidable army." — Nat. Gaz. But the foregoing statement is said to be doubtful. Pontefract was Latinized in our records as Ponsfractus {de Pontefracto). PONTIFEX (A.-Lat.) Pontiff (a nickname and pageant-name) [Lat. pontifex, a high priest ; in Late Lat., a bishop, the pope] PONTING (A.-Fr.-Lat.) for (with common ex- crescent -g) the French Pontin, Lat. Pon- tin^^s [orig. uncertain, but prob. f. (with suff. -in) either Lat. pons, pontis, a bridge, or Lat. pontus (Gt. irdmos), the sea; or both] A PoBtinus was one of Csesar's murderers. POOK 1 (Eng. and Scand.) nicknames from POOKE J the Elf or Sprite so called [M.E. pouke, O.E. plica = O.N. pikQ John Pouk. — Subsidy-Roll (Soms.), A.D. 1327. POOL \ (Eng.) Dweller by a Pool or Lake POOLE J "'" " •' ^^ ■'" Cp. Pole. [M.E. pool{e,pol()i, O.E.piiq POOLEY (Eng.) Dweller at i the Pool Island or Waterside [O.E. pdl +' i(e)gi 2 the Pool-Lea [O.E. pdl + leak (M.E- ley] 3 the Pool-Hey [O.E. pdl + Hag-, haga (M.E. hey, hay), afield, meadow, endosure] POOLMAN (Eng.) = F'ool (q:v.) -|- man. POORE (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Poor \}li..¥,. poure, povre, etc., O.Fr. paure, povre (Fr. pauvre), Lat. pauper] William le Poure. — Close Rolls, A-D. 1272-3. POPE (A.-Lat.) a nickname and pageant-name [O.E. pdpa, Lat. papa, pope, father] Hugh le Pppe.— Zf«Krf. Rolls. Lepape (sometimes Le Pape) is a fairly common French surname. POPHAWl (Eng.) Bel. to Popham = (prob.) Poppa's Home [O.E. hdm, home, estate : Poppe was an Old Frisian pers. name] POPINJAYx (A.-Fr., etc.l a nickname from the POPJAY I Parrot [M.E. popinjay, papejay, POPJEE [etc., O.Fr. papegai. Span, papa- POPJOY ; gayo, a parrot] POPKIN (Celt, -f Teut.) for the Welsh Ap- Hopkin = Son of Hopkin: v. Hopkin [Wei. ap, son] John ap Hopkin. — Cal. to Pleadings (Eliz. Reg.) (Teut.) = Popip (v. under Popham) -|- the E. dim. suff. -kin [= Dut. and Flem. -ken, O.L.Ger. -k-in] POPKISS } POP'^'N'S (Son) : V. Popkin. POPLE "I (Teut.-Lat.) Dweller by a Popple- POPPLE J or Poplar-Tree [M.E. popyli-tre), , O.E. popel-, pqpul- == Scand. poppel ; Lat. popul-us, the poplar] POPLETT (Eng.) Dweller at the Poplar - - HEAD(land [v. under Pop(p)le, and -|- O.E. hedfod, a head, high group.d] POPPETT (A.-Fr.-Lat.) an old term of endear- ment (normally applied to a girl) = Little One ; Darling (the mod. puppet) . [A.-Fr. . popet (M.Ft. poupette, a baby; and cp. Fr. , poupie, a doll), f. 'LsX. pup-us, a little boy, pup-a, a little girl, doll ; with dim. suff. -ei\ In Frahce, Popet aud Popot are about , equifrequent. POPPINJER for Popinjay. Poppleton 87 POPPLETON (Eng.jiBel.to Poppleton (Yorks), 14th cent. Popelton, 13th cent. Popilton, loth cent. PopeMn = the Poplar En- closure or Farm [v. under Pop(p)le, and + O.E. tiin\ POPPLEWELL (Eng.) Dweller at a Poplar- Spring (spring by poplar(s) [v. under Pop(p)le, and + O.E. w(i>Z/a, a spring] PORCH (A..Fr.-Lat.) Dweller at the Porch or Portico (ot some large house or public building) ; and hence prob. a Doorkeeper [Fr. porche, a porch, portal; Lat. portic-us, a portico] Stephen atte Porche.^ Close Rolls, A.D. 1369. PORCH ER (A.-Fr.-Lat.) i the common French Porcher = Swineherd [Fr. porcher, L.Lat. porcari-us ; f. Lat. porc-us, a swine] focc.) 2 = Popch (q.v.) + the agent. suff. -er. Roger le Porcher.— Ca/. Inq. P.M. PORCHESTER, v. Portohester. PORRETT V'l the French Poret, Porret, app. PORRITT / rather for Pfl!(re<, a dim. f. O.Fr. paure (Fr. pauwe), Lat. pauper, 'poor,' than a nickname from O.Fr. poret, f. Lat. porr- us, ' a leek ' [Fr. dim. suff. -ei] See Poo re. 2 for Parr^ett, Parritt, q.v. PORSON I tor Parson, q.v. (occ.) 2 for Pawson, q.v. PORT (A.-Lat.) Dweller at i a Harbour [O.E. port, Lat. port-us\ 2 a (City-) Gate [O.E. port, also Fr. porte ; Lat. porta] Henricus del Port. — Hund. Rolls. Walter de la Porte.— Hufid. Rolls. PORTBURY (Eng.) Bel. to Portbury (Soms.), 14th cent. Portbury [O.E. burh, a strong- hold : the first element is rather O.E. port (Lat. port-us), a harbour, than O.E. port (Lat. porta), a gate ; the place is near Portishead] PORTCH for Pofoh, q.v. PORTCHESTER (A.-Lat.) Bel. to Por(t)chester (Hants), the A.-Sax. Porfcearter, app. the Roman Partus [O.E. port, Lat. port-us, a harbour -f- 0,E. eeaster, Lat. castr-um, a (Roman) stronghold] ' Previously to the destruction of the ' hai-bour, through the retiring of the sea, this place was the principal station of the British navy, now removed to Portsmouth.' —Nat. Gas. Portsmouth PORTEOUSl (A.-Fr.-Lat.) a nickname from PORTEUS J the Breviary [M.E. f^ortous, porthous, porthors, O.'Fr. portehors, i (port-.. able) breviary ;, f. Fr. porter, Lat. portare, to carry, and Fr. hors, Lat. foras, outof doors, abroad] For on my porthors here I make an 00th,— Chaucer, Cant. Tales, B 1321. We find the name in a famous old Scottish, metrical romance — Call your self Sir Porteous. — ' Roswall and Lillian, 371. In Scotland the word came to denote a roll of indictments. PORTER (A.-Fr.-Lat.) i Porter, Carrier [Fr. porteur ; f. porter, Lat. portare, to carry] 2 Doorkeeper, Gatekeeper, Janitor [Fr. portier, Lat. portari-us ; f. Lat. porta, a gate] Robert le Porter. — Hund. Rolls. Albin le Portour. — Mun. Gildh. Land. Com forth, I wol unto the yate go ; Thise porters [some MSS. portours'] ben unconning [are stupid] evere mo. — Chaucer, Trail. & Cris., V. 1138-39. PORTINGALE PORTINQALL PORTI(N)GEULj (A.-Lat. ) a Portuguese [M.E. Portingale, Parlyngall, etc., i.e. Portugal, anc. Porta- caie ('Terra Portucalensis '), Lat. Partus Cale, the Roman name of the mod. Portu- guese O Porto, The Port] The princes doughter of Portingale. — William and the Werwolf (14th cent.), 1 14. The mediaeval ballad ' Old Robin of Portingale ' was printed by Percy. PORTINGTON ( Eng. ) Bel. to Portlngton (Yorks), i3tn cent. Partington, A.'-Sax. *Partinga-tun = the Estate of the Port- Family l-inga, genit. pi. of the fil. suff. -ing + tJin, estate, etc.] PORTMAN (Eng.) i Gateman [O.E. />ort (Lat. porta), a gate -f- man{n\ 2 Townsman [O.E. partman(n —part, a town, by extension from port (Lat. porta), a (cityr) gate] PORTSMOUTH (Eng.) Bel. to Portsmouth, the A.-Sax. Portes-mttSa = Port's Mouth [O.E. mlilSa, mouth of a harbour or river] As Portsmouth Harbour was the Partus Magnus, or Great Port, of the Romans, if the Saxon Port who, according to the Chronicle A.o. joi, landed at Partes-mU'Sa, did not eventually elect to be known from the place where he disembarked, the coin- cidence of nomenclature is peculiar; but as the name Port occurs elsewhere in (certainly later) Anglo-Saxon times it is not altogether unlikely that Port was the invader's actual name and that he deliber- Portugal 88 Potts ately Chose, from sentimental reasons, to land at a haven which was already known as ■ (the) Port, from the Latin Port-us. Nevertheless, the nominal association here, and in the Chronicle A.D. 534 ("hie [Cerdic and Cynric] sealdon heora tv/dtn netum Stfife and Wihtgare call Wiht-edland"-^ i.e., "they gave to their two nephews, Stuf and WUitgar, the vvhole of the Isle of Wiht (Wight)," affords much justification for Latham's remark (' Eng. Lang.', ed. 1855, p. 18): "The names of Port and Wihtgar give us the strongest facts in favour of the suggested hypothesis, viz., the expostfacto evolution of personal names out of local ones." Amediseval Latinization of 'Portsmouth' was Porius Ostium [Lat. ostium, entrance, mouth] PORTUGAL, a more correct form than the commoner Poptingale,'q.v. ante. The Portugal found a road to the East Indies by the Cape of Good Hope. — Howell, Letters, 1. i. 35 ; T.L.O. Davies. PORTWAY (Eng.) Dweller at a Port- Way, i.e. a High Road or Main (Paved) Street [O.E. port, a town, by extension from port (Lat. porta), a (city-) gate + weg, a way, road] In Philemon Holland's contemporary translation of Camden's 'Britannia' we find such phrases as "The Port-way, or high paved street" (p. 557); "The high Port-way, or Roman street '' (p. 507).' There is a Portway in Herefordshire and one in Oxfordshire ; and the Roman road between Salisbury and Silchester used to be called Port Way. PORTWINE, for Potvine, q.v. POSLETT, a shortened form of Postle- thwaite, q.v. POSNETT, for Poslett, q.v. POSSELWHITE, for Postleth waits, q.v. POSTANCE 1 Dweller at (app.) the Posterns POSTANS ; [O. Fr. posleme (Fr. pdterne) for posterle, Lat. posterula, a secret or private way, a back-door] POSTEL \ (Teut.-Lat.-Gr.) Apostle, Preach- POSTI LL ER [M.E. a)postel, O.E. a)pestol and POSTLE O.N. postoli, Lat. apostol-us, Or. POSTOL I dTrio-ToX-os] William Postel.— r«te de N£vill. This is apostels lyfe 1 — Skelton, Why come ye natf 923. POSTGATE \ (Eng.) Dweller at the Post or POSG ATE J Stake Gate or Opening [O.E. post (Lat. post-is) + geat] POSTLETHWAITE ( Scand. ) Dweller at POSTEL'S (POSTOL'S), Or the APOSTLE'S Clearing [v.under Postle, Postel;and+ O.N. Yueit, a clearing] This is a common North-Lancashire surname ; but it prob. originated in Cum- berland or Westmorland. POTHECARY, an aphseresized form pf Apothecary. Cp. Pottioary. POTKIN, a dim. of Philpot (q.v.) + the E. dim. suff. -kin [O.L.Ger. -k-tri] POTT I a dim. of Philpot, q.v. 2 the rare A.-Sax. pers. name Pott- [cp. O.E. pott, m., a pot] Reginald Pot.— Huttd. Rolls. POTTAGE, meton. for Pottinger, q.v. POTTEL, the French Potel, a dim. of Phil- pot (q.v.) -H the dim. suff. -el [Lat. -ell-US'] Richard Potel— Hund. Rolls. POTTER (Eng.) Pot-Maker; Pot-Seller [M.E. poter(e, potter(e; O.E. pott, a pot -|- the agent, suff. -ere] The potter whoni Robin Hood failed to despoil Said that the ' pottys ' which he was carting to NottingTiam for sale there were worth ' two nobellys' (Roben Hode and the Potter). ' Potter, a hawker ot earthenware.'^ Dial, of Lonsdale, p. 64. POTTERTON (Eng.) Bel. toPottertou (Yorks) = the Potter's Place [v. under Potter, and -I- O.E. tUn, dwelling(s] POTTIOARY (A.-Fr.-Lat.-Gr.) Apothecary [M.E. potecary, apotecarie, O.Fr. apotecaire, L.Lat. apotecari-us ; f. Lat. apotheca, Gr. AiroS'^Kri^ a storehouse] POTTING ER (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Pottage-Maker [M.E. potenger (with common intruded »), potager, etc. ; f., with agent, suff. -er, Fr. potage — pot, a pot -|- the suff. -age, Lat. -atic-us] John Potengex.—ValorEccles. (Hen.viii). POTTLE, V. Pottel. POTTO N (Eng.) Bel. to Potton (Beds), 13th caat. Pottone, \oth. cent. Pottun [prob. = Pot- Yard (potter's yard) rather than Pott(a)'s Dwelling— O.E. pott, a pot ; tun, enclosure, etc.] There is also Potton Island, Essex. POTTS I Pott's (Son) : v. Pott. 2 a nickname for a maker or seller of Potvine 89 Powter Pots; also a kitchen-man or scuHion [O.E. pott, a potj A serving-man of low degree, One Tommy Pots it is his name .... For I had a lover of my own, she said ; At Strawberry Castle there liv'd he : rie change his name from Tommy o' th' Potts, And the Earl of Arundell now he shall be.— Fair Rosamond of Scotland, 22--^, 413-16. POTVINE, for the French Poitetiiw, i.e. aNATiVE OF THE Province of Poi(c)tou [Lat. Pictavin-us, f. Pictavia, the Lat. name of Poictou. The name of the tribe called the Pictavi, earlier Pictones, is doubtless allied to that of the Picts, Lat. Picti, prob.' trom pict-us, painted] POUL, a M.E. (and French) form of Paul, q.v. As Poul the apostle To the people taughte. — , Piers Plowman, 12,038-39. POULETT = Poul, Paul (q.v.) + the Fr. dim. suff. -e(. POULSOM fbr Poulson, q.v. POULSON, Foul's Son: v. Poul, Paul. POULTER (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Poulterer [M.E. pol{e)ter, pul(e)ter; f. M.E. pul{e)te, Fr. poulet, a chicken, dim. oipoule, a hen; Lat. pulla, fern, otpullus, a young animal] Adam le Poleter. — Pari., Writs. Osbert le Puleter. — Hund. Rolls. POULTON (Eng.) Bel. to Poulton = the Pool Farmstead or Hamlet' [O.E. pul, p6l, pool + tiin} The Gloucestershire Poulton was Pultiin, A.D. 855. The Lancashire Poulton was Poltun in Domesday-Book ; Pulton A.D. 1 196. POU N D \ (EngJ Dweller at the Enclosure PO U N D E j FOR Strayed Cattle [O.E. pund] POU N DER (Eng.) Impounder (of Stray Cattle) [M.E. pundere ; f. O.E. pyndan, to shut up] Richard le Pundere. — Fine-Rolls. See Pindep. POVAH, V. Povey. POVALL ] the French Povel, a form of the POVELL I Flemish Pawaie/ = Paul, q.v. POVILL J POVER, V. Poope. Acursed may wel be that day That^owre man conceyved is. — Chaucer, Rom. of. the Rose, 468-9. POVEY, a nickname from the Owl [West. E. povey\ POW IScot. and North. Eng. apocopated POWE J forms of Pool(e, q.v. POWDER (Celt.) Bel. to Powder (Cornwall) = the Oaktree-Region [Corn, pow (Wel. pan), region; dar (Wel.^iir), oaktree] POWDRELL, the French Poudrel, app. for the O.Teut. pers. name Poldheri [O.H.Ger. pold, bald, bold -|- heri, army] -|- the Fr. dim. suff. -el [Lat. -ell-US'] POWEL i (Celt.) I the Welsh Ap-HoweliJ, - POWELL J Son of Howel(l : v. Howel. John ap-Kowell.jr-Charter-Rolls. Trahern ap-Howel (a Welsh hostage in Chester Castle). — ' Chesh. Chmhrlns.' Accts., a.d. 1320. 2 for the old Welsh pers. name Pwyll = ' Forward ; Wary [Wel. pwylt] 'Pwyll, pendevig Dyved' {Pwyll, lord, of Dyfed). — Mabirtogion. (A.-Lat.) forms of Poul, Paul, q.v. Seinte Powel vorbead wiimmen to prechen. — Ancren Riwle (' Speche '). POWER, a van of Poope, q.v. Warih le Powre. — Hund. Rolls. POWERS, Power's (Son). POWIS (Celt.) Bel. to Powys-land (Wales) [cp. Wel. powys, calm, peace] . . . ymhob un o dri chwmwd Powys (. . . in each of the three wapentakes of Powys). — 'Breuddwyd Rhonabwy' (Rhonabwy's Dream); Mdbinogion. POWLE, V. Poul, Paul. POWLES, PoWLE's (Son) \ . POWLESON, PowLE's Son ]^- f^°*'®' f^^"'- POWLESLAND. Dweller at Powle's Land : V. Powie, Paul. POWLETT, a var. of Pawlett, Paulett, q.v. POWLEY, a var. of Pawley, Pauley, q.v. POWLING, a var. of Pawling, for Paul in, q.v. POWLSON, Powl's Son ; v. Poul, Paul. POWNALL 1 (Eng.) Bel. to Pownall (Chesh.), POWNELL fA.D. 1356-8 Pounal, ■ Pounale = (app.) Puna's Hall [O.Merc, hall, .a hall] The ' Hall ' in ' Pownall Hall ' is there^ fore prob, tautological. POWNCEBY, a corrupt form of Ponsonby, q.v. POWTER, a var. of Pewter, q.v. Poxon 90 Prentis(s POXON, V. Pogson. POYNpER for Pounder, q.v. POYNDEXTER,v. Poindexter. POYNINGS (Eng.) Bel. to Poynings (Suss,), A.D. 960 Puningas = (the Estate of) the Pun- Family [-ingas, pi. of the fil. suff. -ing] POYNTER, V. Pointer. POYNTING.v. Pointing. POYNTON (Eng.) i Bel. to Poynton (Chesh.), form. Poynington; A.-Sax. *Puninga-tiin= the Estate of the Pun-Family l-inga, genit. pi. of the fil. suff. -ing ; tUn, estate, ' . etc.] 2 Bel. to Pointon (Lines), 13th cent. Pointon, Poynton; A.-Sax. *Punantiln = Puna's Estate \Punan-, geriit. of Puna ; /rf«, estate, etc.] Alan de Pointon. — ' Cal. Inq. P.M., A.D. 1283. Cp. Poynings. POYNTZ (A.-Fr.-Lat.). I Bel. to Ponts (Nor- mandy) = the Bridges [Fr. pont, Lat. pons, pontis, a bridge] There is a Ponts in the Manche Dept., ' and another in the Seine-Inf6rieure Dept. 2 for the French Pons (Norm. Fr. Pom), Lat. Pontius\i. either Lat. pons, pontis, a bridge, or Lat. pontus (Gr. irSmos), the sea ; or both] Walter fil. Ponz.— Domesday Book, A.D. 1086. Reginald de Ponz, otherwise de Pontibus. Lane. Inq., A.D. 1216-22. Nicholas Poynz. — Hund. Rolls, A.D. 1274. POYSER \ (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Weigher [A.-Fr. POYZER 1 poiser(e, peiser{e, weigher; I. O.Fr. poiser, peiser, Lat. pensare, to weigh] PRAED (Al-Fr.-Lat.) Dweller at a Meadow [O.Fr. prade, L.Lat. praJta ; Lat. prai-um, a meadow] PRANCE (Teut.) a nickname from E. prance, 'to make a phow' [M.E. ^ra(a)«cen, to prance: cp. Dial. Dan. pranse, to Strut, pfansk, proud ; Dan.-Norw. prarige, Swed. prunka, to make a show; Dut. pronk, a show, pronken, to strut] Willelmus Prance.— Yorks Poll-Tax, h.D. \n% PRANKARD I from the stem seen under PRANCARD \ Prance; with the Fr. dim. suff. PRANKERDJ -ard, O.Frank, hard, hard [cp. M.E. pranken, to adorn, decorate; and Dial. E. prank, frolicsome] PRATER (A.-Fr.-Lat.) for the French Pritre= Priest [O.Ft. prestre, Lat. preshyter] PRATT (Fr.-Lat.) Dweller at a Meadow [O.Fr. prat (Fr. pr^, Lat. prat-um (a mea- dow), whence also South. Fr. prat, Ital. prato, Span, prado'] Prat and Duprat are common French surnames. Marquis de Prat.— Pam Directory. Cp. Pray. (Eng.) a nickname from the O.E. pratt, 'rraff * n trirlr ' 'craft, 'a trick.' Thomas Prat.- -Hund. Rolls. PRAY (Fr.-Lat. and Scot.-Fr.-Lat.) Dweller at a Meadow [O.Fr. pray (Fr. pri), Lat. prat-um] ' The pray bysprent wyth spryngand sproutis. — Douglas, Virgil, 400, 40. Pray, Pri, Dupray, Duprd, are common French surnames. Cp. Pratt. PREATER, V. the commoner form Prater. PRECIOUS (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Precious; Affected [O.Fr. precieus (mod. pricieux) ; Lat. : pretios-us, valuable] There is an apparently well-authenti- cated instance of this name being used for an earlier ' Priesthouse.' PREECE, V. Ppees(e. PREEDY, the Welsh equiv. (Ap-Readie) of the Gael. IVIac Creadie, q.v. [Wei. ap, son] PREEN (Eng.) the A.-Sax. pers. name iV(6» [pern, a form of O.E- preon, m., a brooch, preen] (Celt.) Bel. to Preen ; or Dweller by a (Prominent) Tree [Wei. pren} PREES \ (Celt.) I the Welsh Ap-Rhys = Son PREESEJ OF Rhys, i.e. Ardour [Wei. ap, son ; rhSs, ardour] Cp. Price. 2 Bel. to Prees ; or Dweller at the Brake or Brushwood [Wei. presi Note' ' Prees Heath,' Shropshire. PREIST, v. Prest. PRENDERGAST for Pend(e)ga3t, q.v. Prendergast, a parish in Pembrokeshire, owes its name to Prendergast Place, formerly a seat of the Prendergast family. PRENTICE 1 (A.-Fr.-Lat.) aphaeresized forms PRENTIS(SJof Apprentice [M..K prentis, prentys, prentyce, aprentis, .O.Fr. aprentis ; ult. f. Lat. appre(he)ndere, to lay hold of, learn] A. prentys whilom dwelled in oure citee, ' And of a craft of vitaillers was hee. — Chaucer, Cant. Tales, A 4365'-6. Prescot 91 Price "I (Eng.) Bel. to Prescot, Pres- j cott= the Priest's or Priests' priost PRESCOT PRESCOTT Dwelling [M.E. prestU, O.E. (from Lat.-Gr.), priest ; O.E. coft cottage, dwelling] The Lancashire Prescot was Prestecote in the 12th cent. PRESLAND \ (Eng.) Dwellerat the Priest's or Priests' La: Ppescot(t ; and William de Prestlond.' — Chesh- Chmhrlns.' Accts., A.D. 1312-13. PRESLEE PRESSLAN d} or Priests' Land [v. under Ppescot(t; and +'0.E. land] (Eng.) forms of Priestley, q.v. PRESLEY PRESSLEE PRESSLEY PRESSLIE PRESOW. Bel. to Preesall (N. Lanes), 13th cent. Presho, Preshow, i4tn cent. Preshou, Preeshow [The second element is evidently O.N. haug-r, a mound : the first element is obscur^ ; it does not seem to represent a Scand. pers. name, and as thereis a hamlet called Preese (Domesday Pres)in the same Hundred of Amounderness the possibility of Pres- being the Cymric pres, a brake, brushwood, cannot definitely be excluded] PRESS (A.-Fr.-Lat.) a nickname from the instrument so called [Fr.presse ; f. presser, Lat. pressure, to press] (Celt.) Dweller at a Thicket [Gael. preas] 1 do not think that there has been any confusion with Prees. PRESSON (Eng.) i Priest's Son [v. Prest ; and + O.E. sunu] William le Prestessone.^ Cal. Rot. Orig. 2 an assim. form of Preston, q.v. ] (Eng.) Priest [M.E, prest, O.E. ; ' /rr^(7rf.(f. Lat.-Gr.] PREST PREIST Sir Parish Prest, quod he, for Goddes bones . . . —Chaucer, Cant Tales, B n66. Yong men to him thay warbaith Clark and' Preist. — The Thrie Priests of Peblis, mZ. (A:^Fr.-Lat.) Ready, Quick [M.E. O.Fr. prest (mod.Fr. prit), Lat. praest-us\ As prest as a sperhauk [sparrowhawk]. — Piers Plowman, ^igt. The modern French preste,, agile, quick, sharp, is from Ital. ^rMto. PRilTrG°E^}^°'^''''^«**'°'''1-^- PRESTER (A.-Fr.-Lat.-Gr,) Priest [A.-Fr. O.Fr. prestre (Fr. pri^e); l.at. presbyter, Gr. irpeffpiTep-os, an elder of the church] Thomas le Prestre. — Hund. Rolls. I will . . . bring you the length of Prester John's foot.— MmcA Ado, &c., 11. i. 278. PRESTON (Eng.) Bel. to Preston = , the Priest's or Priests' Place ; Church- Domain [O.E. prSost, priest; tAn, estate, etc.] We see the genit. pi. form, PriostatAn, in a charter of the year 946 (' Cart. Sax.' No. 811). Preston near Cirencester is stated to have belonged to the Confessor's priest - chancellor Regenbald. Preston near Ledbury " anciently belonged to a religious house." Preston, Lanes, is Presume in Domesday Book. Preston, Warwickshirie, is the Domesday lV«teto««. The i3th-cent.form of this common place- name is usually Preston, e.g. — Adam de Preston. — Scut, of Gascony, A.D. 1242-3. PRESTWIOH (Eng.) Bel. to Prestwich = the Priest's or Priests' Place [O.E. prSqst, priest ; wlc, dwelling(s] Adam de Prestwrych. — Gt. Inq. ofServ., A.D. 1212. PRETIOUS, V. Precious. PRETT, a var. of Pratt, q.v. PRETTIMAN, v. Prettyman. PRETTY (Eng.) Crafty, Sly; Fine [M.E. pretie, praty, fine, crafty; O.E. prtEttig, cunning] PRETTYMAN " PRETYMAN PREVOST (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Provost [O.Fr. pre- vost (mod. priiidt); Lat. praeposit-us, a prefect, commander] Alan Prepositus. — Hund. Rolls. PREW (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Gallant, Valiant [M.E. preiv, prue, O. Fr. prou, preu (Fr. preux) , prod, gallant; app. f. *prud-us, a syncopated form of Lat. ^rouid-us, foreseeing] William le Prue.— Co/. Inq. P.M. PREWETTl = Prew (q.v.) + the Fr. dim. PREWITT Jsuff. -rf. The form in our i3th-cent. Hundred- Rolls, Pruet, is the present French form. PRICE, v.Preeoe, Prees(e>. Madot [Madog] Ap-Ris, a.d. 1381. — Thierry,Co»g. de I' Angleterre, App. IL 27. Harry Ap-Rice, A.D. 1544.-^ PrivyPurseExp.^PrincessMaryiiBs.x6&\e;^y). I = Pretty (q.v.) + man. Prichard 92 Prink PRICHARD (Celt. + Teut.) the Welsh ^/i- Richard = Son of Richard: v. Richard [Wei. ap, son] John Ap-Richard.— Valor EccleS; temp. Hen. viii. PRICHETT I a palatal form of Priokett, q.v, 2 a weak form of Prichard, q.v. PRICKARD (Celt. + Teut.) the Welsh Ap- Rickard = Son of Rickard: v. Rickard [Wei. ap, son] PRICKETT (Eng.) a nickname (and sign- name) from the second-year Buck so called [M.E. pri{c)ket, pryket; f. MJE.prik- ken, O.E. prician, to prick] And joyed oft to chace the trembling pricket. — Spenser, Shepheards Calender (Dec.) (Fr.) the French Priquet : (a) a dim. f. the Teut. base *prii, to prick. (6) a contr. of PerriqUet, f. the Bret. Perric, a dim. of O.Fr. Perre (Peter) ; with the Fr. dim. suff. -et. (Celt. + Teut.) a weak form of Priok- ard, q.v. Richard Priket. — Hund. Rolls. PRICKITT for Priokett, q.v. PRIDAY \(? Celt.) Bel. to Priddy (Soms.) PRIDDEY [Early forms lacking, nothing de- PRIDDY finite can be said of the origin of PRIDEE I the name : it may poss. be f. Wei. pridd, clay, esp. as there seems to have been a hamlet called Prid in Devonshire in mediaeval times ; and Pridd- occurs in Welsh place-names] PRIDE (Eng.) a nickname and pageant-name [O.E. pryd-, prSte, pride] (Celt.) Precious, Dear [M.Wel. pric[\ PRIDEAUX. Bel. to Prideaux (Cornwall), 13th cent. Prydeaus, Prudeaus, Prideas, Pridias [If this is a native Cornish name we might Brown [Wei. «>, son: the pers. name is a compound of Wei; rhudd(dd as th), red, and erch, dark brown] PROUDFOOT 1 (Eng.) the M.E. Praudfot, PROUDpUTE \Prud{e)fote, a nickname for PROUDFIT J one with an arrogant gait [M .E. pr(p)ud, pr(o)ut{e, etc., O.E. prAt, proud (prob. of Fr. origin) -t- M.E./o<(e, O.E. fot, a foot] PROUDLOVE (Eng.) a nickname of the same class as Sweetlove, Dearlove, etc. (poss. bestowed on the successful suitor of a village belle) [v. under Proudfoot, and -J- M.E. love, O.E. lufu, love] PROUT (Eng.) Proud [M.E. pr(p)ui(e, O.E. prat (prob. of Fr. origin] Thomas le Piute.— Hund. Rolls. Sturne he was thoru out al, and heivol [haughty] and />««<.— Rob. Glouc. Chron. : ' Wm. Conq.' 406 (7729). PROVAN PROVEN . _ [Dial. E. provan, proven (Scot, prowan), for provand, Fr.provende,provision, provender ; L.Lat. prcebenda, a payment, etc.] We find the Early Mod. E. provant- master, one who provided for soldiers. Theaw may sleep if t'l lay th' proven ready.— Collier (Lanes), Tim Bobbin, p. 67. PRO VAST ] (A.-Lat.) Provost [O.E. prdfost; PROVIST y'Lat. praposit-us, a commander] PROVOST J PROWSE \ (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Valiant, Gallant PR0USE;[M.E, O.Fr. prous, pro(u)z, (Fr. preux\ Richard le Prouz.— Hund: Rolls. To countenance their wedding feast did want nor knight nor prowse. — Warner, Albions England, a.d. 1592. PRUCE I One from Prussia [M.E. Pruce, Fr. Prusse, Ger. Preussen ; said to be from a Lithuanian or Lettish word meaning ' neighbours '] And if I sente over see . . . into iVKce-lond. — Piers Plowman, 881 1-13. 2 occ. conf. Hrith Prouse, Prowse, q.v. I "I (A.-Fr.-Lat.) meton. for a purveyor I J of provender or provisions, etc. Prudame 94 Pullens: PRUDAME for Prudhomme, q.v. PRUDEN seems, like Provan, Proven, to have lost a final dental, and to be for Prudent [Fr. prudent ; Lat. prudens -eritis, foresee- ing] PRUDH01VIME(A.-Fr.-Lat.)UPRlGHT,H0NEST Man ; Expert rA.-Fr. O.Fr. prudhom{m)e, prodhom{m)e (Wi. prud'homme) ; app. f. a syncopated iorm*prud-us oi Lat. prouid-iis, foreseeing + Lat. homo, man.] Geoffrey Prifdhomme. — Hund. Rolls. PRUE, V. Prew. PRUETT, V. Prewett. PRUST, V. Prost. PRYCE, V. Price. PRYDE, V. Pride. PRYER 1 , PRYOR J V. Prior. PRYM PRYME PRYKE (EngO a diphthongized form oi Prick, a term of endearment, also the name of a pointed weapon [M.E, prikke, prike, O.E. pricd\ PRYNNE, V. Prinn. [v. Prime. PRYTHERCH (Celt.) ihe'Ws\shAp-Shydderch: V. under Protfiero. PUCK, V. PooI<(e. PUCKRIDGE (Eng. ) Bel. to Puckeridge (Herts) = Puca's or the Elf Ridge [O.E. puca, an elf ; hrycg, a ridge] PUDDEFOOT 1 (Teut.) app. a nickname for a PUDDIFOOT Club-footed Person [ cp. PUDDEPHAT L.Ger. puddig, thick, stumpy; and + E./00*, O.E./rf/] PUDDIFER, V. Petifer. PUDDLE (Eng.) i S^uat, Dumpy [Dial. E., , with dim. suff. -le tor -el: cp. L.Ger. puddig, thick, stumpy, f. the same base seen in O.E. pud-oc, a wen] 2 Dweller at a Puddle [M.E. podel, a small muddy pool ; f., with dim. suff. -el, O.E. pttdd, a ditch] PUDSEY (Eng.) Bel. to Pudsey (Yorks), 14th cent. Puddesay, Domesday Podechesaie = PuDEC's or Puf)Oc's Waterside [The , pers. name (in the genitive) is from the same base as O.E. pudoi; (-oc, dim. suff.), a wen + M.E. ey, O.E. i{e)g, waterside, island] PUGET (Fr.-Lat.) Bel. to Puget (France) = a Ridge or Height [f. L.Lat. podi-um, a ridge, height — Lat. podi-um, a projecting structure ; with the Fr. dim. suff. -et\ PUGH "I for the Welsh Ap-Hugh = Son of PUGHEJ Hugh: V. Hugh. PULBROOK (Eng.) Dweller at the Pooi^ Brook [O.E. pdl + hr6c\ PULESTON (Eng.) There is no trace of a local name Puleston, which is prob. rather a contracted form of the Herefordshire place-name Puddlestone than a corrupt form of *Paulestun. PULFORD (Eng.) Bel. to Pulford (Chesh.), A.D. 1303-4 Pulford = the Ford at the Pool [O.E. pdl -{■ ford\ PULHAM (Eng.) Bel. to Pulham (Norf. ; Dorset), 13th cent. Pulham = the Pool- Land [O.E. pdl + ham(m, an enclosure, piece of land] PULLARl (Eng.) Dweller at the Pool-Bank puller; [O.E. pdl, a. pool + dra, a bank, shore] We find the redundant form PuUar Bank in Sussex. PULLEN PULLAN PULLEIN(E PULLEYN(E PULLIN I meton. for a Poulterer [M.E. pullen {pullain{e), poul- try; a pi. form, of Fr. poule, a hen, fowl, L.Lat. pulla, fem. of Lat. pullus, a chicken] 'PouUailler, a poulter or keeper of pullainf.' — Cotgrave, Fr. Diet, ed. 1650. She . . . knows how pullen should be cramm'd. — Beaumont & Fl., Scornful Lady, V. ii. 2 the French Poulain = (a) a nickname from the Colt [M.Fr. poulin, O.Fr. polin, Lat. pullin-us] (&) a name applied to the children of unions between French and Syrians at the time of the Crusades [prob. f. Lat. pull-US, dark-coloured] 3 the French Poulaine, an old form of Pologne^ Poland : v. Poland. 4 the French Poulin, a form of Paulin (as well as of Poulain) : v. Paulin. Nicholas le Pullen.— ffM«rf. Rolls. John Puleyn. — do. Nicholas Polayn. — Soms. Subsidy-Roll (a.d. 1327). PULLEY = Pooley, q.v. PULLING \i = Pullin, Pullen (q.v.), with PULLENGIadded-^^. 2 Dweller at the Pool-Meadow [O.E. 95 PuUinger pul, p6l, a pool + O.N.E. ing, O.N. eng, a meadow] 3 for the Fr.-Bret. local name P(9a/e«c = Narrow Pool [Bret, poul, a pool + enk, narrow] William Pulyng. — Lane. Assi3e-RoUs,A.D. 1284. PULLINQER, an unvoiced form of Bullinger, q.v. p'[ll:L,rN"}=''oo.man,q,v. PULSON = Poulson, q.v. PULTER = Poultep, q.v. William ^e Pulter.— Lane. Rental, A.D. 1322. PULTON (Eng.) Dweller at the Pool En- closure or FiiRMSTEAD [O.E. pul,pol + tAn\ PUMFORD for Pomfret, Pontefract, q.v. PUMFREY ' for the Welsh Ap-Humfrey, PUMFRAY \ Ap-Humphrey = Son of Hum- PUMPHREYJ phrey, Humfrey, q.v. [Wei. ap, son\ PUMPHERSTON (Celt. + Eng. ) Bel. to Pumpherston (Scotland) = Pumphrev's Town [O.E. tiin\ PUNCH (A.-Fr.-Lat.) the Nor.-Fr. Ponchie, Fr. Ponce, Lat. Pontius [f. {a) Lat. pons, poritis, a bridge ; (6) Lat. pontus (Gr. irdwos), the / sea] Robert Punche. — Hund. Soils. PUNCHARD, the Nor.-Fr. Ponchard = Ponch{e (v. Punch) + the dim. suif. -ard [O.Frank, hard, hard] PUNCHEON 1 the Nor.-Fr. Ponchon ( Fr. PUNSHON i Ponfon) = Ponch{e (v. Punch) + the dim. suff. -on] PUNNETT (A.-Fr.-Lat.) the Fr. Ponet, for Pontet, a, local name = the Little Bridge [Fr. pent, Lat. pons, pontis, a bridge + the Fr. dim. suff. -et] PUNT (A.-Fr.-iLat.) I the 'Fx{Du)Pont={Oi the) Bridge [Fr. /io«;, Lat. />o» J, -«ftij 2 (occ.) a contracted form of P u n n ett,q. v. PUNTER (A.-Fr.-Lat.) the Fr. Po«rfer, a South. Fr. word for a perron [f. Lat. pons, pontis, a bridge] PUPLETT; v. Poplett. PURCELL (A.-Fr.-Lat.) a nickname from the Young Pig [A.-Fr. puKel(l, porcelQ, O.Fr. poreel (Ft. pourceau, a pig), if. (with dim. suff. -el) Lat.porc-us, a pig] Roger Poreel. — Hund. Rolls. Purslow PURCEY tor Percy, q.v. PURCHAS WA.-Fr.-Lat.) a nickname from PURCHASE theM.E.purchasen (hence M.E. PU RCH ES purchas, booty, gain), O.Fr. piir- PU RCH ESEV chacer(FT.pourchasser),to pursue eagerly ; Lat. prd, and captare, to, catch] And bothe we goon abouten cure purchas.— Chaucer, Cant. Tales, D 1530. PURDEW\ PURDEY PURDIE (for Pardew (through the pron. PURDUE f/Br-), q.v. ' PURDY PURDYEi That Redcrosse knight, perdie, I never slew. — Spenser, The Faerie Queene, \, vi. 42. PURDOM (A.-Fr.-Lat.) a nickname from the oath ParDom ! By (the) Lord! [Fr. par, Lat. per + Fr. dom, Lat. domin-um (ace. of domin-us), lord] There has been some confusion with the next name. PURDON (Eng.) Dweller at the Peartree- HlLi, [O.E. pirige, peartree -|- diin, hill] PUREFOY (A.-Fr.-Lat.) a nickname: Pure Faith [Ft. pure ((.), Lat. pura + O.Fn foy (Ft. foi), Lai. fides, faithj PUREY, like Pury, a var. of Pirie, q.v. PURKINS for Perkins, q.v. purkIIsI^-p^-'^'^^-i- PURNELL for Pernell : v. Parnell. PURRIER, a var. of Perrier", q.v. PURSELL1 p ,1 . pursaill; '""'•cell, qv. , PURSER (A.-Lat.) i Cashier, Paymaster. 2 Purse-Maker. [M.E. pwser(e ; O.E. purs (Lat. bursa), a purse -t- the agent, suft. -ere] PURSEY for Percy, q.v. PURSHOUSE (Eng.) The first element of this Midland local surname (i6th cent. Persehouse) is prob. the French pers. name Pers or Piers (Peter). Purshall, the Worcestershire place-name, was Pershull [M.E. hull, a hill] in the 13th and 14th centuries. PURSLOW (Eng.) Bel. to Purslow (Salop), 1 6th cent. Purslane [the second element is O.E. hlAw, a (burial) mound, hill ; the first represents a pers. name in the geni- tive ease— perh. the A.-Sax. Paghere] Purton 96 Pyzer PU RTON (Eng.) Bel. to Purton(Wilts, a.d. 796, Puritun, Perytiin, a.d. 854, Peritiin ; Glouc, etc.) ; Puriton, Soms. = the Pear-Tree Orchard or Enclosure [O.E. *purige, pyrige,pirige, peartree {pere, pear) + tun, enclosure, etc.] PURVIS "1 (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Dweller at a Parvis PURVES J or PoRCH(gen. of a church) [A.-Fr. parvys, O.Fr. parvis, L.Lat. paravis-us ; Lat. paradis-us] The parvis, or portico, of old St. Paul's was much frequented by lawyers. A Sergeant of the Lawe, war and wys, That often hadde ben at the Parvys. — Chaucer, Cant. Tales, A 309-10. The u in the name is due to the pronun- ciation Parvis. PU RY, a var. of Pirie, q.v. William atte Purye. — Subsidy Roll, Soms., A.D: 1327. PURYER, a var. of Perriep*, q.v. PUSEY 1 (Eng.)Bel.toPusey(Berks); Pewsey PUZEY ; (Wilts), the Al-Sax, Pefesig=PETE's Waterside ' [O.E. i(e)g, island, etc.] PUTLEY (Eng.) Bel. to Putley = i the PiT- Lea [v. under Putt', and -t- M.E. ley, O.E. ledh] 2 Put(t)a's Lea [v. under Putt'], PUTTMAN}' = P"tt(q.v.) + ... 2 a metathesized form of Putnam, q.v. PUTNAM \ (Eng.) Bel. to Puttenham (Herts; PUTTNAM ] Surrey), the A.-9ax. *Puttanhdm = Putta's Home or Estate [Puitan-, genit. of Putta (v. under Putt") -t- hdm, home, etc.] PUTNEY (Eng.) Bel. to Putney (Surrey), the A.-Sax. Puttanig = Putta's Waterside [Puttan-, genit. of Putta (v. under Putt') + i{e)g, island, etc.] PUTT (Eng.) I Dweller at a Pit or Pond [M.E. put{te,pyt(te, O.E.pyt(t, Lat. pute-us] John de la Putte.—Hund. Soils. For I shal punysshe hem [them] in purgatorie Or in the^M^ of helle. — Piers Plowman, 6356-7. j2 the A.-Sax. pers. name Putta, Puta [app. a descriptive nickname, f. a var. of 0:E. pyt{t, a pit or pustule ; Lat. pute-us, a pit] PUTTERGALLl „ Do.*„rfoi PUTTERGILL )^-P°'^"^^'- PUTTOCK 1 (Eng.) i a nickname and sign- PUTTICK J name from the Kite [Late M.E. puttocke, M.E. puttoc, puttok, a kite, hawk] Like as aputtocke having spyde in sight A gentle faulcon sitting on an hill.. — Spenser, Faerie Queene, V. v. 15. 2 the A.-Sax. pers. name Puttoc, Puttuc [-0C, -uc, dim. suff.] Walter Pnttok.—Hund. Rolls. PUXON I Puck's Son : v. Puck, Pook(e. 2 for Puxton, q.v. PUXTON (Eng.) Bel. to Puxton (Soms.; Wore.) = Puc(c)'s Estate [v. under P6ok(e ; and + O.E. tiin] PUZEY, V. Pusey. PYATT = Py(e (q.v.) + the Fr. dim. sufif. -at. PYBUS (N.Eng.orScand.)Dweller at the Pike- Busk (Bush) [v. under Pike and Busk] Elena Pykebusk. — Yorks Poll-Tax, A.D. 1379. But Pike- perh. refers to the prickly nature of the bush rather than (as Bards- ley thought) to a Peak or Hill. PYCOCK = Py(e (q.v.) + cock. PY(E (A.-Fr.-Lat.) a nickname and sign-name from the Magpie [M.E. O.Fr. pye, pie, Lat. pica, a magpie] John Py&.—rHund. Rolls. ' And she was proud and peert as is a /liie.— Chaucer, Cant. Tales, A 3950. His ledene [speech] be in oure Lordes ere Like a pies chiteryng.— Piers Plowman, 7935-6. PYECROFT 1 (Fr.-Lat.-t-Eng.) Dweller at the PYCROFT J Magpie-Field [v. under Py(e and Cpoft] PYEFINCH 1 (Fr.-Lat.+ Eng.) a nickname apd PYFINCH J sign-name from the Pie-finch or Chaffinch [v. under Py(e and Finch'] PYET \ = Py(e (q.v.) + the Fr. dim. sufi. PYETTJ -et. Here comes the worthy prelate as pert as a pyet. — W. Scott ; Webster. PYGOTT = Pigott, q.v. PYKE = Pike, q.v. PYLCH(E = Pilch, q.v. PYLE = Pile, q.v. Who fifty rock-rear'd />yfej and castles... — Drayton, Poly-Olbion, xxix. 285. PYMM}=P'"'(«"'q-^- PYNE = Pine, q.v. With many high lorer [laurel] and pyn. —Chaucer, Rom. of the Rose, 1379. PYOTT = Py(e (q.v.) -|- the Fr. dim. suff. -ot. PYPER = Piper, q.v. PYRIE = Pirie, q.v. PYSER "* Quadling 97 Quatermass Q QUADLING, V. Quodling. QUAGGIN, V. the commoner form Quiggln. QUAID (Celt.) for the Irish Mac Uaid = Son OF Uad [cp. O.Ir. «arfa, a master] QUAIFE (A.-Fr.-Ger.-Lat.), earlier Quoife and Coyfe ; a pickname from the headdress or cap so called (perh. specifically from the close-fitting cap of lawn or silk orig. worn by sergeants-at-law) [Fr. cqiffe, O.H.Ger. chuppha ; Lat. cuppa, a cup] QUAIL \ (Celt. + Lat.) the Manx contracted QUAILE .form of the Celt. MacPhail = Son QUALE OF Paul, q.v. QUAYLE-' (A.-Fr.-Teut.) a nickname and sign- name from the Quail [A.-Fr. quaille (Fr. caille) ; of L.Ger. orig.] In France, the dim. caillette signifies a chatterer, a gossip. QUAINT"! (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Prudent, Skilful; QUANT J Neat, Fastidious; Odd, Curious [M.E, guaynt{e, queynt{e, coyni(e, coint(e; O.Fr. coint, prudent, etc.; Lat. cognit-us, known] Michael le QneyrA.— Pari. Writs. Margaret la Coynte. — Cat. Inq. P.M. And therfore have I greet necessitee Upon this queynte world tavyse [to ad- vise] me. — Chaucer, Cant. Tales, 61425-6. . . . She, nothing quaint Nor 'sdeignfull of so homely fashion. — Spenser, The Faerie Queene, III. vii. 10. QUAINTON (Eng. ) Bel. to Quainton = Quinton, q.v. Quainton, Bucks, is also known as Quinton-Malet. QUAINTRELL] QUEINTRELL t forms of Cantrell, q.v. QUANTRELL J QUALTER (Celt. + Teut.) for the Irish and Manx Mac Walter = Son of Walter, q.v. QU ALTERS = Qualter (q.v.) with E. genit. -s. QUALTROUGH (Manx), 17th cent. Qualteragh — Qualter (q.v.) wdth the pers. suff. -agh (-ach). QUANTOCKI (Eng.) Bel. to Quantock QUANTICK f (Soms.), 9th cent. (K. .lElfred's Will) Cantuctiin = Cantuc's Estate [pers. name with O.E. dim. suff. -uc; + O.E. ttin, estate, etc.] Cantucuudu (Soms.) occurs in a charter a.d. 682 ('Caft. Sax,' No. 62). QUAREL "1 (A.-Fr.-Lat.)Dwellerat a Quarry QUARELL/ [M.E. quarel, O.Fr. quarrel; prop. M.E. quarrer{e,O.Fr. guarriere (Fr. carriire), a quarry ;ult. f. Lat. quadrare, to square] Ivo 4e Quarel. — Testa de Nevill. QUARK, v. Quirk. " It was the commoner name in the Isle of Man 200 years ago, but now Quirk has almost entirely superseded it." — A. W. Moore, p. 15. QUARLES. Bel. to Quarles (Norf.), a.d. 1 501-2 same spelling [the lack of suffici- ently early forms precludes a definite opinion on the etymology, but the name looks like a dial. pron. of A.-Fr. quarels= quarries: see under Quarel(l] QUARMBYl (Scand. ) Bel. to Quarmby QUARNBY J (Yorks), 14th cent. Quemhy = the Hand-Mill Place [O.N. /6«er«, a quern -|- 6j;-r] QUARNDON (Eng.) Bel. to Qiiafndon (Derby) = the Hand-Mill Hill [O.E. cweom, a quern + diin, a hill] QUARREL ] QUARRELL \ (A.-Fr.-Lat.) = Quarel(l, q.v. QUARRILL J QUARRIER(A.-Fr.-Lat.) i Quarryman [O.Fr. quarrier (Fr. carrier), Lat. quadratari-us, a stone-cutter (stone-squarer] 2 Dweller at a Quarry [O.Fr. quarriere (Fr. carrihe) ; f. Lat. quadrare, to square] QUARRINGTON (Eng.) Bel. to Quarrington [As Quarrington, Bucks, was formerly Quarrendon, and Quarrington, Durham, formerly Queringdon (app. for an earlier Querendon), these places prob. owe the first element of their name to the O.E. cweom or cwyrn, a hand-mill, with the second element O.E. dun, a hill ; but the Lincolnshire Quarrington occurs as Querinton, variantly Cuerntntiin (O.E. tUn, estate), in a Latin charter of the Confes- sor's time which is, however, considered spurious] QUARTERMAIN \ (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Four-Han- QUARTERMAINE ded, i.e. Mail - Fisted QUARTERMAN ' [A.-Fr. quatrentayn{s, qua- QUATERMAIN 1 treman{s, quatermain{s, O.Fr. jaaft'e-iMfltB, four - handed ; Lat. ' quatuor, four, and man-us, hand] Clare Quatremayns. — Hund. Rolls. QUARTON (Eng.) i for Wharton, q.v. 2 for Quarnton = the Quern (Hand- Mill)-Place [O.E. cweorn + tUn] QUATERMASS (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Bel. to Quatre- mares (Normandy) = the Four Pools Quay 98 Quickman [Fr. guatre, Lat. quatuor, four + theph of Ff. mare, L.Lat. mara, a pool ; Lat. mare, > sea] Adam de Quatremars. — Testa de Nevill. QUAY, V, Kay. " Probably contracted fro-] The Cheshire Raby was Rabie in Doniesday-Book. j RACKHAM (Eng.) Bel. to Rackham (Sussex) = app. WRiECCA's Home or Estate [O.^.wracca, stranger, exile (cognate with Ger. recke, warrior, hero — O.H.Ger. w)recko, stranger, exile ; &nA Goth, wrakia, persecution) ; Mm, home, etc.] RACKSTRAW(Eng.) a nickname for a Scaven- ger; lit. Straw-Raker [f.O.E. raca, a rake, and stredw] RADBONE I for Rad borne, q.v. 2 for Rathbone, q.v. RADBORN(E RADBOURN(E RADBURN;(E (Eng.) Bel. to Radbourne (Derby), Radbourn (Warw. : Domesday, Redbotne), Red- bourn (Herts), Redbourne (Lines: 13th cent. Redbom, Redeburn) = 1 the Red Stream [O.E. r(e)dd, red -|- bume, a stream] 2 the Reedy Stream [O.E. hredd, a reed] Cp. Rodbour'n(e. RADCLIFF ] (Eng.) Bel. to RadcUffe, Rad- RADCLIFFE klive = the Red Cliff [O.E. RADCLWeFE ) rie)dd + clif: W.Sax. charter dat. form ' t6 reddanclife ^ This name was Latinized de Rubra Clivo. RadcUffe, Lanes, is Radeclive in Domes- day-Book. The " cliff of red rock " is on the south-eastern side of the River Irwell. Cp. RatclifT(e. RADFORD \ (Eng.) Bel. to Radford = i the RADFORTH J Red Ford [O.E. r(e)dd -f- ford\ (rarely) 2 Rada's Ford. The Warwickshire Radford was Rede- fordm Domesday-Book. The Worcester- shire, Oxfordshire, and Notts Radfords were Radeford in the 13th cent. A Somersetshire Radford was Radaford in the loth cent. RADLEY (Eng.) Bel. to Radley = i the Red Lea [O.E. r{e)dd + ledK\ (rarely) 2 Rada's Lea. Radley, Berks, was Radeley in the 13th cent. Radeledh is the form found in a loth-cent. Wilts charter. RADMELLI p„w„i„ „„ RADIVIALl|= Redmill, q.v. Rodmill, or Rodmell, Sussex, was formerly Rodmell. RADMON(D, v. Redmond. Note the form Rddmund in Heyne's collection of gth-iith cent. Old Low German names — Frankish, Saxon, Frisian ('Altniederdeutsche Eigennamen aus dem neunten biselften Jahrhundert'). RADMORE (Eng.) Bel. to Radmore = 1 the Red Moor [O.E. r{e)dd + wjrfr] 2 the Road-Moor [O.E. rdd + mSrl Radmore, Staffs, was anc. Radmore and Rademore. RADNOR (Eng.) Bel. to Radnor, the A.-Sax. Readaora, dat. form Readanoran (a.d. 774) = At the Red Bank or Shore [O.E. r{e)dda, dat. r(e)ddan, red + dra, dat. dran, bank, shore] RADULF \(Teut. ) the O.Teut. Rcedwulf, R^D\^\.PH ] Radwolf, etc. = i Swift Wolf [O.E. (h)reed = O.N. hra^ = O.H.Ger. rado, fleet, swift -|- O.E. O.Sax. wulf = O.N. ulf-r = O.H.Ger. wolf J 2 Counsel-Wolf [O.E. rdsd = O.Sax. rdd = O.N. ra'tS = O.H.Ger. rdt, counsel] The Latinized form Radulf-us is com- mon in Domesday Book. RADWAY (Eng!) i Dweller at the Red Road [O.E. r(e)ad + weg\ Radway, Warwickshire, the Domesday Radwei, Rodeweie, is in the Vale of the Red Horse. 2 a descendant of the A.-Sax. pers. name Rcedivig = Fleet Warrior [O.E. (h)rced, swift -|- wzga, warrior] RAE = Ray, q.v. Both daes [does] and roes down [dun] and rsd.— Sir Gray Steill, 2327. RAEBURN (Eng.) DweUer by the Roe-Brook [O.E. rd, a roe + bume^ raffe} ' ^®^''"- ^°™^ °^ '^*'^> Ra'ph, q-v. A squire he had, whose name was Ralph, That in th'adventure went his half. Though writers, tor more stately tone, Do call him Ralpho, ' tis all one : And when we can, with metre safe, We'll call him so ; if not, plain Raph.— Butler, Hudibras, L i. 457-62. 2 dim. forms of Raphael, q.v. Rafferty lOI Raisbeck RAFFETT \ = Raff'(e (q.v.) + the Fr. dim. RAFFITT Jsuff. -rf. RAFFLE = Raphael, q.v. RAFFLES, Raffle's (Son): v. Raffle, Raphael. RAGG "1 (Scand.) i a contr. of the Scand. RAGGE I Ragn- names, esp.Ragnar(Ragnhar), Ragnuald [O.N. ragna-, genit. ot regin, the gods (conn, with Lat. rex, a ruler) ; -har, heir, army ; uald, might, power] 2 a nickname irom the Scand. ragg (O.N. rogg), 'shaggy hair.' 3 a nickname from the O.N. rag-r, ' Geminate,' 'timid.' William Ragge.— ifM«(?. Soils. This is more particularly a Yorkshire surname. RAGGATT"! I Ragged; Shaggy [M.E. ra^- RAGGETT 1 ged{e : cp. O.N. ragga^S-r (and O.E. raggig), rough, shaggy] Thomas le Ragged. — Hund. Rolls. 2 for the French Raguet, Ragot [pTob. f. the same Teut. stem as (i) ; with the Fr. dim. suff. -et, -ot] 3 for Reigate, q.v. RAGMAN I = Ragg',' (q.v.) + tnan. 2 = Ragg's Man (-Servant) : v. Ragg. 3 Ragged Man. Langlabd uses the name for the Evil One— To go robbe that rageman And reve the fruyt fro hym. — Piers Plowman, 10,978-9. Here rage- is evid. the O.N. rag-r, earlier arg'-r = Ger. arg, 'bad.' The name occursln the Hundred-Rolls, but is now practically extinct. RAIKES, V. Rakes. RAIL (FrJ a nickname from the bird so called [Fr. rdle, earlier rasle ; onomatopoeic] A quayle, the raile, and the olde raven. ' — Skelton, Colyn Cloute, 872. RAILTON is a doubtful name; having the appearance of an Eng. place-name (of which I can find no trace), it may really represent a French Rdleton = rdle (v. Rail) + the Fr. double dim. suff. -et-on. RAILWARD (Eng.) Wardrobe-Keeper [O.E. hrag{e)l, drgss, clothes + w(e)ard, keeper] RAIN 1 (Teut.) contr.'of one or other of the RAINEJ O.Teut. Regetv^, Ragin-, names: v. Rainbird, Rainbow, Rayner, etc.] (rarely) (Fr.-Lat.) for the French Reine = Queen [Fr. reine, Lat. regind] RAI N 81 RD (Teut. and Fr.-Teut.) a descendant of the (y.TeivA. Reginber{h)t, Raginber{h)t, etc., whence Fr. Raitnbert [O.Sax. and O.H.Ger. regin-, ragin- — Goth, ragin- = O.N. ragn-, rogn- = O.E. reg(e)n-, an ancient intens. prefix (conn, with Lat. rex, regis, ruler) implying might, rule ; god- Hke ( as O.E. regen-w(e)ard, mighty guardian) -|- O.Sax. berht = O.H.Ger. beraht = Goth. bairht'S = O.N. hiart-r = O.E. be{p)rht, bright, illustrious] Rainbert. — Domesday-Book. (occ.) (Eng.) a nickname from theWooD- PECKER,also called the Rainbird because it was supposed to foretell the fall of rain [O.E. regen, rain -|- bridd, a (young) bird] RAINBOW (Teut. and Fr.-Teiit.) a descendant ot the O.Teut. Reginbald, Raginbald, etc., whence Fr. Raimbaud, Raimbaultfv. under Rainbird, and -|- O.Sax. and O.H.Ger. bald = Goth. *bali>-s = O.N. ball-r (with lost dental) = O.E. b{e)ald, bold] (occ.) (Eng.) a nickname from the at- inospheric phenomenon, as for one affecting gaudy apparel fO.E. regenboga} RAINCOCK = Rain (esp. Teut.), q.v. -{■ the E. pet suff. -cock. RAINER, V. Rayner. RAINES' RAINS 2 Bel. to Rennes (Brittany), anc. Con- date Rhedonum, Or Confluence of the Rhedones. Richard de Rennes. — Plac. de quo Warr. . . . she [Guenever] was wrapped in cered cloth of Raines. — Morte d' Arthur, xxi. xi. RAINFORD 1 (Eng.)Bel.toRainford(Lancs), RAINFORTH j 12th cent. Raineford, 13th cent. Rayneford [O.E. ford, a ford : the first element is prob. the genit., ran, of O.E. rd, a roe, if not the pers. name Rain(e : v. Raln(e] RAINGER = Ranger, q.v. RAINSCROFT (Eng.) i Dweller at Rain(e)'s Croft [v. Rain(e, and H- O.E. croft, a small field! ' 1 1 Rain(e)'s (Son) : v. Rain(e, 2 for Ravenscroft, q.v RAISBECK (Scand.) Bel. to Raisbeck; or Dweller at the Roe's Brook [the genit. of 0,N. rd, a roe -f bekk-r, a brook] Raison 102 Ramsay RAISON (Teut.) Ray's Son : v. Rfiy. RAISTRICK = Rastriokl q.v. RAIVELEY = Raveley, q.v. RAKE (Eng. and Scand.) Dweller at a (Sheep-) Walk [N.E. and Scot, rake, raik; O.N. reili, a strolling, wandering ; conn, with O.E. racian, to go, and racu, a stream-bed] RAKES, pi., and genit., of Rake. There is a Raikes in the parish of Ripon. RALEGH "I (Eng.) Bel. to Raleigh (S. Devon, RALEIGH \ etc.); or Dweller at the Roe-Lea RALEY J [O.E. rd, a roe + ledh, a lea] Hugh de Ralegh. — Hund. Rolls (Devon). This name (as is well known) was formerly pronounced Rawly — Sir Walter Rawleigh was one, that (it seems) Fortune had pickt out of purpose, of whom to make an example, or to use as her tennis-ball. — Naunton, Fragmenfa Regalia, c. 1630. RALF ] RALFE Icontr. of i Radulf, Radulph, q.v. RALPH J 2 Randolf, Randolph, q.v. There has been some confusion with Rolf, q.v. RALFS, Ralf's (Son) : v. Ralf. RALPHS, Ralph's (Son) : v. Ralph. RAM \ (Teut.) i a nickname and sign-name RAMM J from the Ram [O.E. ram{m = Dut. ram — Ger. ramm] Geoffrey le Ram. — Hund. Rolls, A.D. 1274. William atte Ramme. — Fine-Rolls, A.D. 1^20-1. 2 Raven [O.E. hmm(n — O.H.Ger. hram\m (M.H.Ger. ram{m\ 3 the O.Scand. pers. name Ramm-r = J5TR0NG, Mighty [O.N. ramm-r} Ram. — Domesday-Book. RAMAGE (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Wild [M.E. ; O.Fr. ramage, wild (of a hawk), lit. ' living in the branches ' j L.Lat. *ramatic-us, f. Lat. ram-US, a branch] Or ellis he is not wise ne sage, Nomore than is a gote ramage. — Chaucer, Rom. of the Rose, 5383-4. RAM BART \ i the O.Teut. Raginbert, etc. : v. RAMBERT / under RainbiPd'. The French saint-name Ramhert (from Teutonic) was Latinized Ragneberl-us. 2 the O.Teut. Hramher(h)ti etc. = Raven-Bright [v. under Ranf»(m'i and -f O.E.be(o)rht = O.Sax. 6erfe = O.H.Ger. berakt = Goth, bairht-s, bright, glorious, etc.] French forms of i the O.Teut. Raginbald, etc. : v. under Rain- bow'. RAMBAUD RAMBAULT RAMBAUT RAM BEAU 2 the O.Teut. Hrambald = Raven- Bold [v.-under Ramlm', and -f- O.Teut. bald, bold] RAM BLE. Acorrupt form pf the O.Teut. Ragin- bald and Hrambald, largely tlirough the French Rambaulf.v. under Rambau(l)t and Rainbow'. RAM pro N (Eng.) Bel. to Rampton rCambs ; Notts), 13th cent. Rampton = 1 the Ram- Enclosure [O.E. ram(m -^ tun] 2 Hr^m(n)'s Estate [v. under Rann(m'] The Camb. place was Ramtune in the IfiQ- Com. Cantab. RAMSAY, V. Ramsey. RAMSBOTHAM'i (Etig.) Bel. to Ramsbottom RAMSBOTHOM (Lanes) = the Ram's Val- RAMSBOTTOM ley [the genit. of O.E. RAMSBOTTON > ram(m, a ram -t- boim] The ^orms of this name with -bothom, -botham are frequently found in the i6th cent., e.g. — Richard Romesbothom. — Lane. Fines, A:D. 1558. RAMSBURY (Eng.) Bel. to Ramsbury (Wilts),. loth cent. Rammesburh ('t6 Rammesburi') = Ramm's Stronghold [the pers. name is from O.E. ramm, a ram, genit. rammes -H burh, a fortified place] RAMSDEN (Eng.) Bel. to Ramsden = i the Ram's Valley [the genit. of O.E. ram{m, a ram + denu, a valley] 2 = Ram(m)'s Valley [the pers. name from the animal-name, as above] 3 = HRffi;M(N)'s Valley [O.E. hrcem(n, a raven] One of the Essex Ramsdens was Ramm- esden in,the 13th cent., as also was the Oxfd. Ramsden. The Yorkshire place was Romsdeyn in the 14th cent. The Hampshire tything is variantly Ramsdean. RAMSEY \ (Eng. and Scand.) Bel. to Ramsey RAMSAY J = I Hram's or Hr^m(n)'s Island or Waterside [the genit. of O.E. hreem(n, a raven + ig, i(e)g, island, etc.] 2 Ram's Island or Waterside [the genit. of O.E. ram(m, a ram] 3 R^m(m)'s Island or Watei^side [the genit. of O.N. ram(m)-r, strong -f- ey, is- land, etc.] Ramss^ill 103 Rasen 9pocopal forms of Randolf. q.v. Ramsey, Hunts, occurs in A.-Saxon charters both as Rameseg and Hrameseg. Ramsey, I.o.M., was anciently Ramsoe [Dan.-Norw. 0, island] Simon de Ramsey in Huntingdon settled in Scotland in the 12th century.^ MacBain, Inverness Names, p. 71. RAMSGILL \ (Scand.yBel. to Ramsgill = (the) RAM SKILL J Ram's Ravine [ the genit. of O.N. ramim)-r + git\ RANACRE(S (Eng.) Dweller at the Raven- FiELlD(s fO.E. hrcefn,&rAvea+ i=Rand (q.v.) ) -ftheE.dim.suff. RANKINEf 2= Rain(e (q.v.)f -Am [O.L.Ger. -k- ' ' in\ RANKING = Rankin (q.v.) with added -^. RANNARD = Renard, q.v. RANSCLIFF (Eng.) Bel. to Ranscliff = the Raven's Cliff [the genit. of 0,E. hrtefn, a raven + O.E. clifX " Ranscliff, Rainscliff, or Ravenscliffe," StaSs.— Nat. Gaz. RANSDALE (Eng. and Scand.)Bel. to Ravens- dale ; or Dweller at Raven's Dale [the genit. of O.E. hreefn = O.N. hrafn, a raven (a common pers. name) -f O.E. dcel = , O.N. dal-r, a valley] RANSFORD (Eng.) Dweller at I^aven's Ford [the genit. ot O.E. hreefn = O.N. hrafn, a I raven -|- O.E. /orrf] RAN SLAW (Eng.) Dweller at Raven's Law [the genit. of O.E.. krafn = O.N. hrafn, a raven + O.E. klckw, a burial mound, hill] Margareta de Ravenslawe. — Yorks Poll-Tax, A.D. 1379. RANSLEY (Eng.) i Dweller at Raven's Lea [the genit. of O.E. hrafn, a raven (a com- mon pers. name) -f O.E. ledh"] 2 occ. confd. with Ranalaw, q.v. RANSOM lf„-Do«=,,« nif ransomeT "^"«°"' *'■''• So E. ' ransom,' redemption, is f. M.fi. ranso{u)n, Fr. ranfon. RANSON I Rand's Son : v. Rand. 2 Rain(e)'s Son : v. Rain(e. RANT, an unvoiced form of Rand, q.v. RAPER (N.Eng.) Roper, Rope-Maker [M.E. raper ; O.E, rdp = O.N. reip, a rope + the agent, suff. -ere] Wjllelmus Raper, raper. — Yorks Poll-Tax, A.D. i3jg. RAPHAEL (Heb.) Healed of Gob [Heb. R'phaM — rdphd, to heal ; El, God] RAPKIN = Ralph (q.v.) -\- the E. dim. suff. -kin. RAPKINS, Rapkin's (Son). RAPSON, Ralph's Son : v. Ralph. RASEN (Scand.) Bel. to Rasen (the name, with qualifying prefixes, of several ad- joining townships or hamlets in Lincoln- shire), so called from the Rase Riyer [O.N. rds, a watercourse, channel, race] Robert de Rasen. — Hand, Rolls (Lines). Rashleigh 104 Rawdon RASH LEIGH 1 (Eng.) Bel. to Rashleigh, Rash- RASSLEIGH J ley, or Rasleigh (Devon), 16th cent. Rashley= (proh.) Ra's (or the Roe's) Lea [a late genit. of O.E. rd, m., a roe- buck + ledh] RASSELL, an assim. form of Rastall, q.v. RASTALL ) (A.-Fr.-Lat.) the French Rastel, RASTELL I app. a nickname or sign-name from the RAKE [O.Fr. rastel (Ft. rdteau), Lat. ra.steW-«wz, a rake, mattock] Ralph Rastel.— ifMBd. Rolls. RASTRICK (Scand.) Bel. to Rastrick (Yorks), , / ff. 14th cent. Rastrike, Domesday Rastric [doubtful : if the second element corres- pond to the Swed. streke, a current, the first element would prob. be the O.N. rd, a roe] RATCLIFF 1 RATCLIFFE Uor Racloliff(e, q.v. RATLIFFE J RATHBONE"! found in i4th-cent. Cheshire RATHBUN, i Tecoids as' Rathebon, does not seem to be English, If the original bearers of the name came from Ireland it answers to the Irish Rathbane, Rathbaun = 'White Fort' [Ir. rath, a fort ; also palace + bdn, white]. If from Wales (as seems more likely), the name prob. means the ' Stumpy Clearing or Plain ' [Wei. rhath, a cleared spot, plain (conn, with Ir. rath) H- Wei. bon, a stock, stump, stem (conn, with Ir. and Gael, bonn, a foundation, base] andis apparently aUied to'Ratisbon.' RATHBORNE i for Rathbone, q.v. 2 for Rad borne, q.v. RATH M ELL (Scand.) Bel. to Rathmell (Yorks), 14th cent. Rauthmell, Domesday Rodemele = the Red Sandhill or Sandbank (Rathmell is on the R. Ribble) [O.N. rau^-r, red -f- mel-r'] RATTRAY ^(Celt.) Bel. to Rattray (Perth- RATTRY J shire^, 13th cent. Rathgriff [prob. O.Gael, rath, a fortress (there are traces of an old castle at Rattray) -|-?Gael. riabh- ach, grey (Ir. riabhach yields -ry in place- names] There is also a Rattray in Aberdeenshire; and Rattery in Devonshire. RAVELEY (Eng.) Bel. to Raveley (Hunts), 13th cent. Ravele [O.E. ledh, a lea : the first element is app. a contraction of the A.-Scand. pers. name Hr(^f- or Rcefcytel, occurring in Domesday-Book as Ravechil and Ravechetel, i.e. ' Raven- Kettle.' RAVEN (Eng. and Scand.) an ancient English and Scandinavian pers. name ; a nick- name and sign-name from the Raven [O.E. hreefn = O.N. hrctfti] The name occurs in the form Ravan in 'The Oldest-Known List of Scandinavian Names' (Yorks, loth cent.) — Saga-Book of the Viking Club, Jan. 1906, p. 296. The raven was the Danes' national emblem. Among the spoil taken by the Saxons was the famous banner of the Raven, said to have been woven in one day by the sisters of Inguar and Ubba, and to have possessed the property of appearing be- fore every battle flying Uke a living bird if the Danes were to be victorious; while in the contrary event ithung down motion- less. — Lappenberg-Thorpe, A.-Sax. Kings, ii. 62 ; ad. from Asser, a.d. 878. RAVEN HILL (Eng.) i Dweller at the Raven- Hill [O.E. hreefn, a raven -|- hyll\ Ravenhill: several places of this name in the vicinity of Whitby, North Riding Yorks, so named from having been the site of the Danish standard, or Raefen, during the invasions of Inguar and Ubba in the 9th century. — Nat. Gas. 1 do not know on what authority the National Gazetteer made this statement. (occ.) 2 for Ravenkill : v. under Ranklll. RAVENS, Raven's (Soli) : v. Raven. RAVENSCROFT (Eng.) Dweller at Raven's Croft [y. under Raven and Croft] More specifically Ravenscroft in Che- shire, in the 14th cent. Ravenscrofte. RAVEN SHAW (Eng.) Dweller at the Raven- Wood [O.E. hrafn + sc{e)aga'\ RAVENSHEAR for Ravenshaw, q.v. RAW "I I = Roe, q.v. [Dan.-Norw. raa (pron. RAWE J raw), a roe] Theraitf-bucke is the first yeare a kid. — Retumefrom Parnassus. A.D. i6o6; T.Wright. 2 = Row(e, q.v. 3 a nickname for a boorish individual ; also a simpleton (as in 'Johnny Raw') [O.E. hredw = O.N. hrd-r, whence Dan.- Norw. raa, raw] RAWBONE ( '^°™^ °^ Rathbone, q.v. RAWCLIFFE (Scand.) Bel. to Rawcliffe = the Red Cliff [O.N. rau1S-r, red -|- klif] The Lancashire Rawcliffe was Routhe- clif and Routheclive in the 13th cent. ; one of the Yorks Rawcliffes was Rouclyff in the J4th cent. RAWDON (Eng.) Bel. to Rawdon (Yorks), 14th cent. Rawdon = the Roe-Hill [O.E. rd = O.N. rd, a roe -1- O.E. dtin, a hill] Rawes 105 Reade RAWES, Rawe's (Son) : v. Raw(e. RAWKIN, a form of Ralph (q.v.) + the E. dim. sjuif. -kin. RAWKINS, Rawkin's (Son) : v. Rawkin. RAWLAND = Rowland, q.v. RAWLE, a fonn of Ralph, q.v. [Fr. Ra0ul\ RAWLENCE for Rawlins, q.v. RAWLES, Rawle's (Son) ; v. Rawle. RAWLEY = Raleigh, q.v. RAWLIN = Rawl(e), q.v. + the Fr. dim. -in [Fr. Raoulin\ RAWLING = Rawlfn (q.v.) with added -g. RAWLINGS for Rawlins, q.v. RAWLINS, Rawlin's (Son) 1 RAWLINSON, Rawlin's Son/^- «awiin. There sepms to have been some little confusion with Rowlands and Rowland- son. RAWNSLEY, a var. of Ransley, q.v. RAWORTH (Eng.) Dweller at the Roe-Enclo- sure [OiE. rd, a roe -)- wor^, enclosure, farm] RAWS I Raw's (Son) ; v. Raw. 2 Rauf's (Ralph's) (Son) : v. Ralph. RAWSON I Raw's Son : v. Raw. 2 Rauf's (Ralph's) Son: v. Ralph. Willelmus Raufson. — Yorks Poll-Tax, A.D. 1379. RAWSTHORN RAWSTHORNE RAWSTORN RAWSTORNE RAWSTRON (Scand.) Bel. to Rostherne ( Chesh. ), A.D. 1349-50 Routhestom, a.d. 1323 - 4 Routhisthom = Rauth's Thorn [the genit. of O.N. rauV-r, red -\- ^om, thorn-tree] RAY (Eng. and Scand.) apers. name, nickname, and sign-name from the Roe [iVI.E. rayije, ra, O.E. O.N. td, a roe] Richard le Ray.— Hund. Rolls. Undir the rise the ra dyd ryn.-^ , ' Tayis Bank,' 37. (Sca,nd.) for Wray, q.v. (Fr.-Lat.) King (a nickname or pageant- name) fO.Fr. ray, rey, Lat. rex, regis, king] (Celt.) Dweller at a Plain or Level [Gael, (and Ir.) reidh \dh mute] Cp. Rae. RAYBOLD \ (Teut.) for the O.Teut. Ragin- RAYBOULDJ 6flM, etc. [v. under Rainbird', and -h O.Teut. bald, bold] RAYDEN (Eng.) Dweller at the Roe-Valley [v. under RayS and-|-O.E. denu, a valley] Confused with Raydon. RAYDON (Erig.) Bel. to Raydon ; or Dweller at the Roe-Hill [v. under Ray S and -|- P.E. dun, a hill] Confused with Rayden. RAYLEIGH (Eng^ Bel. to Rayleigh; or Dweller at the Roe-Lea [v. under Ray', and -|- O.E. UaK] More specifically Rayleigh, or Raleigh, Essex. RAYMENT for Raymond, q.v. RAYMOND (Teut.) Mighty or Godlike Pro- tection [Fr. Raimond, O.Teat.Raginmund: V. under Rainbird', and + O.Teut. mund, ' protection, hand] RAYNBIRD = Rainbird, q.v. RAYNE = Raine, q.v. RAYNER \ (Teut.) Mighty or Godlike Army RAYNOR / [O.N. Ragttar = O.L.Ger. Regin- heri = A.-Sax. Regenhere [v. under Rain- bird, and -1- O.N. -ar for -har, herr = O.E. here = O.H.Ger. O.L.Ger. heri = Goth. harji-s. army] Regenhere (d. a.d. 617) was the name of a son ot Rsedwald, king of East AngUa^ J Rainer-us is the common Domesday form. J?ey««rand Rayner are 13th and 14th cent, forms. RAYNES = Raines, q.v. RAYSON I Ray's Son: v. Ray. 2 for Rasen, q.v. , REA (Celt.) I Grey [Ir. and Gael, ridbhach (bh mute] 2 Dweller by the River Rea [prob; Wei. rhe, rapid] See Ree. READ "1 (Eng.) i Red-H aired ; Red-Com- READE J PLEXIONED [M.E. read(e, reed, rede, reid, O.E. riad, red] Roger le Rede.— ffM»rf. Rolls. Willam Jie rede king [William Rufus].— Rob. Glouc. Ckrott., 7249. 2 Bel. to Read (Lanes), 13th and 14th cent. Reved [doubtful : the second element may be for either M.E. hed{e, O.E. hedfod, a head(land, or Dan.-Norw. hede, a heath ; and the first may be the M.E. reve, O.E. ge)rifa, a repve] An ' Adam de Reveshad ' is a surety in a Lane. Assize-Roll, a.d. 1246. There has been some confusion with Ridd, q.v. Readdie io6 Reddock ^i;J°CV'}= Ready, q.v. READER (Eng.) i Reed-Worker, Thatcher [M.K. rederie ; O.E. hrSod, a reed + the agent, suff. -ere] Emma le Redere. — Hund. Rolls. Reders and thackers or thaxters (thatch- ers) are commonly mentioned together in the accounts of the mediaeval processions of craftsmen. a Lector ; Student [O.E. r&dere] READEY = Ready, q.v. READFORD = Redford, q.v. READI NG (Eng.) Bel. to Reading, 9th and loth cent. Reddingas = (the Estate of the) ReAd- Family [O.E. redd, red + the pi., -ingas (dat, pi. -ingum), of the fil. suff. -ing] H6r cu6m se here t6 Reddingum on West Seaxe. (In this year came the [Danish] army to Reading in Wessex). — A.-Sax. Chron., A.D. 871. READMAN = Read' (q.v.) + man. READSHAW = Redshaw, q.v. READWIN (Eng.) the A.-Sax. Rckdwine = Counsel-Friend [O.E. rckd, counsel + wine, friend] READY (Eng.) = Read • (q.v.) +the dim. suff. -y. (Ir.) for the Irish O'Riada = Descen- dant OF RiAD [Ir. d or ua, grandson, descendant; and cp. Ir. riadh-dch, brownish, brindled] (Ir.-Teut.) a double dim. of Redmond, q.v. REAKES, a var. of Raikes, Rakes, q.v. REAMS (Celt.) Bel. to R(h)eims (France), anc. Remis, dat. pi. of the Belgic tribal name Remi. Hugo de Reymes.— Hund. Rolls. Remi was the name of the leading Bel- gic people, and it would seem to be of the same origin as the Welsh rhwyf, a king, Irish riam, before. — Rhys, Celt. Brit., ed. 1908, p. 313. REARDON = Riordan, q.v. REASBECK, a var. of Ralsbeck, q.v. REASON I Rea's Son : v. Rea. 2 a var, of fiayson and Rasen, q.v. REAVY 1 (Celt:) Grey [Ir. and Gael, riabhach REAY / (bh as v, and sometimes mute] But the Caithness place-name Keay (13th cent. Ra, i6th cent. Ray) is app. the Gael, reidh (dh mute), ' a plain.' REBBECK (Fr.-Teut.) One from Rebecq (Pas de Calais) = the Roe-Brook [from Low Ger., as seen in Dut. ree, a roe, hind, and Dut. beek (O.Sax.beki, O.E. 6ecc), a stream] RECKITT for Rickett, q.v. RECORD I for Rickard, q.V- 2 for Rickwapd, q.v. REDBOURN(E (Eng.) Bel. to Redbourn, Red- bourne ; or Dweller at i the Reedy Brook [O.E. Mod, a reed -|- bume, a brook] 2 the Red Brook [O.E. riad, red] REDDALL (Eng.) t Dweller at the Red Hall [O.E. r^ad, red + h(e)all, a hall] 2 for Reddell, q.v. REDDAWAY for Redway, q.v. REDDELL (Eng.) i Dweller at the Red Hill [O.E. r^ad (M.E. rede, etc.), red + hyll (M.E. hull(e, etc.), a hill] Richard atte RedehuUe. — Soms. Subsidy-Rdll, A.D. 1327. 2 Dweller at the Red Well [O.E. riad, red -I- w(t)ella, a well, spring] Reddell, Wore, was Radewette in the 13th cent. 3 for Reddall, q.v. There has been some confusion with Riddel(l, q.v. REDDICK I Dweller at the Red Dike [O.E. read + die] (rarely) 2 for Riddock, q.v. REDDIEl REDDY J Ready, q.v. REDDING (Eng.) i Dweller at the Red Mea- dow [O.E. riad, red -f O.N.E. ing, O.N. eng, a meadow] There is a Redding in Stirlingshire. 2 for Reading, q.v. REDDISH (Eng.) Bel. to Reddish (Lanes), 13th cent. Reddich, Redich = the Reedy Ditch [O.E. hriod, a reed + die, a ditch] Confused with Redditch. REDDITCH (Eng.) Bel. to Redditch (Wore), A.D. 1300 Redediche. The local evidence here points to the signification of Red Ditch [O.E. r^ad, red + die, a ditch] REDDOCK, v. Riddock. Redfearn 107 Reeti SErig.) Dweller among the Re;d i"ERN(s fO.E. tSad + feami been confusion with the REDFEARN REDFERN REDFERNE There has next name. REDFEN (Eng.) Bel. to Redfen (Warw.), 14th cent. Wridefen = the Thicket-Fen [O.E. wrid, a thicket + fenn, a fen] Confused with the preceding name. REDFORD (Eng.) Dweller at the Red Ford [O.E. >-^ai+/ord] A Riadford is mentioned (obliquely, 'on r6adan ford') in a Somersetshire charter A.D. 938. Cp. Retford and Radford. REDGRAVE U Eng. ) Dweller at the Red REDGROVE / Grove [O.E. riad, red + grdf, ' 'a grovej Redgrave, Suffolk, was spelt the same in the 14th cent. REDHEAD (Eng.) i Red Head [O.E. r^rf, red + hiafod, a head] John Redheved. — Hund. Rolls. 2 Dweller at the Red HEAD(land [same etymology] Redhead is the name of a promontory in Forfarshire. REDHOUSE (Eng.) Dweller attheRED House [O.E. riad + h,As\ REDLEY (Eng.) Dweller at the Red Lea [O.E. read, red + Uah (M.E. ley), a meadow] Cp. Radley. Roger de Redlee. — Himd. Rolls. REDMAN (Eng.) Red Man [O.E. riad, red + man\ Cp. Blackman. 2 the A.-Sax Rdbdman — CbUNCiL-MAN [O.E. rAd, council, counsel + man\ 3 Horseman [O.E. rdideman(^n\ There has been confusion with Red- mayne and Redmond. REDMAYNE \ (Eng.) t Bel. to Redmain REDMAIN' I (Cumb.), 13th cent. RM{e)man, also Rydeman. This may be a pers. name with a local suffix dropped ; or the name may be due to some natural fekture, as a rock, re- sembling a man. (rarely) 2 the A.-Sax. RAdntcegen — Counsel-Strength [O.E. rded, counsel + mcegen, might] Confused with Rednnan. REDMILL "1 (Eng.) Dweller at the Red Mill REDMILEJ [O.E. riad + mylnj REDMOND 1 (Teut.) the A.-Sax. Rckdmund, RED MONDE i O.Ger. Rddmund = Counsel- REDMUND I Pr;otection [O.E. rdd = O.Sax. rdd = O.H.Ger. rdt = O.N. rdV, counsel, advice+O.E. O.Sax. O.N. mund= O.H.Ger. mmt (Ger. mund), hand, protect tion] Occ. confused with Redman, q.v. REDPATH \ (Eng.) Dweller at a Red Path REDPETH ; [OiE. riad + />««] More specifically, Redpath, Berwick, and Redpeth, Northuniberland. REDSHAW (Eng.) Dweller at the Red Wood [O.E. f'iad, red -1- sc{e)aga (M.E. shaw{e), a W00(^] There is a Redshaw (Hall) in Yorkshire. REDWAY (Eng.) Dweller at the Red Road [O.E, riad + weg\ REDWOOD (Eng.) Dweller at the Red Wood [O.E. riad -f- w«rf»] John de Redewode. — Testa de Neuill, 13th cent. REE I Dweller by a Stream or Channel [Dial. E. and Scot, ree : prob. Dial. Fr, rieu (O.Fr. riu, Fr. ru), a stream, gutter— L.L.at. nu-{ii)s, Lat. riv-us, a stream, channel ; but not imposs. a weak form of O.E. ri^e, a rivulet] 2 Dweller at a (Walled) Animal-En- CLOsuiiE [Dial. E. and Scot, ree, a walled or bahked enclosure for sheep, etc. : perh. f. the N.Fr. rie, a bank ; app. a weak deriv. of Lat. ripa, a bank:, hardly f. the Fr. local ,riez (L.Lat. riesa), waste or uncultivated land] Philip ad Res.— Hund. Rolls. See Rea and Rye. REECE, an Anglicized form of Rhys, q.v. REED = Read, q.v. Hir mouth ful smal and ther to softe and r^erf.— Chaucer, Ca«/. Tales, A 153. REEDER = Reader, q.v. REEDY = Ready, q.v. REEK, a Scot. dim. of Rtckard, Richard, q.v. REEKIE, a Scot, double dim. of Rickard, Richard, q.v. [E. dim. buff, -ie, -y] REEKS, Reek's (Son) : v. Reek. REEN (Celt;) Dweller at k Point of Land, Promontory [Gael. r(o)inn = Ir. rinn (O.Ir. nnd) == Wei. rhyn} io8 Rees rIeIe } Anglicized forms of Rhys, q.v. Cp. Reece, Rice. REESON I Rees's Son : v. Rees. 2 V. Reason. REEVE (Eng.) Steward, Bailiff [M.E. reve, refe, etc. ; O.E. ge)rdfa\ John le Reve. — Hund. Rolls. The reve was a sclendre colerik man . . . Wei koude he kepe a garner and a bynne ... In youthe he lerned hadde a good myster [trade] ; He was a wel good wrighte, a carpenter. —Chaucer, Cant Tales,Vro\. 587, 593, 613-4. 'What is thy name, ffellow, by thy leave ' ? ' Marry,' quoth hee, ' lohn the Reeve.' — John the Reeve, 133-4. See also the quotations under Procter and Perkin (third). REEVELL = Revell, q.v. REEVES, (the) Reeve's (Son) \ „ . REEVESON, (the) Reeve's Son J ''• «eeve. Thoinas le Revesone.^- Chesh. Chmbrlns.' Accts., A.D. 1303-4. REEVEY = Reavy, q.v. REFFELL, a form of Raphael, q.v. REFFITT, a var. of Raffltt, q.v. REGAN (Celt.) Kinglet [Ir. Riagdn—rUa king + the double dim. suff. -g-dn] REGINALD (Teut.) the O.Teut. Reginwald, Raginwald (Mod. Ger. R^in{w)ald), Regen- w{e)ald, etc. = Mighty or Godlike Power fv. under Rainbird, and -|- O.Sax.^OaiaW = O.H.Ger. gtjwalt = O.E. ge)w(e)ald =■ O.N. uald, power, might] Regenwald, Reginwald, or Reginald, was the name of a Northumbrian king men- tioned, e.g., by Simeon of Durham under A.D. 912. Dr. Kleinpaul (' Die Deutschen Per- sonennamen,' 1909), who imagines that the German Reinhold is from Reinwald (I), goes (p. 39) with somewhat superfluous detail into the signification of the latter name— Reinwald beruht wieder auf Reginviald, und ist ein Name fiir einen fahigen, mit Klugheit seines Amtes waltenden Ge- meindevorstand. Cp. Reynold. Renacres REGISTER 1 (A.-Fr.-Lat.) for Registrar [f. REGESTERJ O.Fr. registre, a record,. L.Lat. registr-um ; Lat. regerere, sup. regestum, to carry back] REID, the Scot, form of Read', q.v. Reid Kit— ColkeBie Sow, 171. ... hehadnathingonhisheidbotsyde [low-hanging] >«■(? yallow hair. — Lindsay, Hist, and Cron. Scotl. ('Ane Mirakill Sen"). Why rins thy stream, O Yarrow, Yarrow, reid [with blood] ? ' The Braes of Yarrow,' 25: Percy's Reliques. REIDPATH, a North, form of Red path, q.v. REIDY, a var. of Ready, q.v. REIGATE (Eng.)' Bel. to Reigate, 13th and 14th cent. Reygate = the Ridge-Gate [O.E. hrycg, a ridge -t- geat, a gate, open- ing] John de Rtygate.— Pipe-Roll, A.D. 1261. REILLEY^ REILLY REILY RELLY for O'Reilly, q.v. RELF RELFE RELPH for Ralf, Ralph (q.v.), through the ■ pron. Rdlf, Ralph. REMBLANT, a lallated form of Rembrand(t, q.v. REMBRAND ) (Teut.) the O.Teut. Renbrand, REMBRANT \Reginbrand, etc. = Mighty or REMBRANDT' Godlike Brand [v. under Rainbird, and -1- O.Teut. brand, brant, i sword, firebrand] Renbrand occurs in Heyne's List of 9th- iith cent. Old Low German Proper Names. REMER for Rimer, q.v. REM FRY for Renfrey, q.v. REMINGTON "I (Eng.) Bel. to Rimington REMMINGTON / (Yorks), 14th cent. Rymyng- ton, Remyngtonjapp. the Domesday Reni- tone) = the Estate of the Hrkmm Family [A.-Sax. *Hremminga-tun — hremm, a raven -1- -inga, genit. pi', of the fil. suff. -ing -t- tun, estate, manor, etc.] REMNANT, prob. a corrupt form ol Rem- brant, q.v. RENACRES, v. Ranacres. Renard 109 Renwick RENARD (Teut. and Fr.-Teut.) the O.Teut. Renhard,, Reginhard, Reginhart (whence Fr. Regnard, Regnart, Renard), Reg{e)n- h(e)ard, etc. = Mightily Firm or Brave [v. under Rainbird, and + O.L.Ger. hard = O.H.Ger. hart = O.E. h{e)ard = O.N. har^r, hard, firm, brave] We find this term in 'Be6wulf,' 1. 657— rondas regn-hearde (shield-bosses extremely hard). (Fr.-Teut.) a nickname from the Fox [Fr. renard, a fox : etymology as above] RENAUD RENAULD RENAULT RENAUT (A.-Fr.-Teut.) the O.Teut. Regin- wald, Reginwalt, etc.: v. Reynold, Reginald. John Renaud. — Soms. Subsidy-Roll, A.D. 1327. Richard fll. Renaut. — Testa de Nevill RENDALL\ i for Randall, Randell, Randle REN DEL I (q.v.), through the pron. Ran-. RPMnpF*"! ('^^'■e'y) 2 Bel. to Rendall, Ork- RENDLE jjgy^ form. 5e««aJa/ [first element doubtful : cp. O.N. renna, a run, course ; or perh. Renna is the genit. of a name like Renni or Rein{n)i ; and + O.N. dal-r, a dale, valley] RENDER l (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Renderer; Fat- RENDRERJ Melter [f. Fr. rendre, Lat. red- dere, to render] Johannes Rendrour. — Yorks Poll-Tax, A.D. 1379. The process of making lard and candles is called rendering : Line. — T. Wright, ZJjrf. Prov. Eng., p. 793. RENDFREY RENFREE I = Renfrey, q.v. RENFREW (Celt.) Bel. to Renfrew, 12th cent. Reinfrew, Renfrew, Renfriu [perh. f. the old forms of WeL rhin, a channel, and ffrew, stillness] RENFREY (Teut.) the O.Teut. Reinfrid, Regin- frid, etc. = Mighty or Godlike Peace [v. under Rainbird, and -|- O.H.Ger. /r!rf« = O.Sax. /n1S«=O.E. friSu^O.^. friS-r, peace] (Celt.) for Renfrew, q.v. rInNISON } ' RONNIE'S Son : v. Rennle. 2 occ. for Reynerson. q.v. RENKIN = Rankin, q,v. RlNSER}=R^y"«''''l-'- - RENNARD = Renard, q.v. REN N ELDS = Reynolds, q.v. RENNELL tor Reynold, q.v. plllJj^lLs^jforRennelds, Reynolds, q.v. RENNICK for Renwick, q.v. RENNIE, a North, double dim. of fieynold, Reginald, q.v. [E. dim. suff. -ie] RENSHALL for Renshaw, q.v. RENSHAW (Eng.) Dweller at the Raven- Wood or Raven's Wood [O.E. hrafn, a raven + sc{e)ag(f, a wood] Stephen de Ravenshagh. — Lane. Fines, A.D. 1342. Richard Raynshaw. — Lane. Fines, A.D. 1556. John Rainshaw. — Wills at Chester, A.D. 1647. John Ravenshaw. — do. A.D. 1673. Richard Renshaw. — do. A.D. i68o. There is a Renishaw near Chesterfield, Derbyshire. RENTELL i for Rendell, q.v. 2 for Rentoul, q.v. RENTON (Eng.) Bel. to i Renton (Berwick), A.D. 1098 Reguintun, c. 1200 Reningtona and Regnintun. There is evidently u-n confusion in these forms cited by the Rev. J. B. Johnston ; and definiteness as to the origin of the first element is precluded. 2 Ranton (Staffs) (through pron. Ran-), 1 3th cent. Raunton, Ronton, Domesday Ran- tone [the first element is prob. the genit;, ran, of O.E. rd, a roe(-buck) ; less hkely for O.E. rand, a. margin, edge: — + O.E. tun, estate, etc.] 3 Rendon (? where); The place-names Renedon and Reyndon iound in the Hun- dred-Rolls, and the occurrence of Randiin (app. ' Ra's Hill ' — O.E. rdn, genit. of rd, a roe + diin, a hill) in gth-cent. Southern charters, show that in some cases 'Renton' must be for ' Rendon' (cp. Repton). Renton, Dumbartonshire, is a modern borrowed name. RENTOUL (Celt.) Dwelleir at the North Point [Gael. rlp)inn, a point, peninsula -|- tuath-al (th mute), north] RENWICK (Eng.) Bel. to Renwick (Cumb.) [O.E. w(c, a place: the first element is uncertain — on the analogy of Renshaw it may be for the O.E. pers. name Hrcefn = O.N. Hrafn, Raven] Repington iro Rhodes REPINGTON \ (Eng;) Bel. to Reptoii (Derby- REPTON J shire), 13th cent. Repindoii, the A.-Sax. HrSpa(n)Mn, Hrdopa{n)diin = Hr^opa's or Hrypa's Hill [O.E. dAn, a hill: the pers. name Hr^pa or Hr4opq. (genit. Hrfpan-, Hr^opan-) is an ancient one (flifji^occurs among theWoden-descended ancestors of the East Anglian kings) and is prob. from O.E. hrdpan (pret. hriop-), to shout] rIsTELL } ^°^ Rastall, Rastell, q.v. RESTON (Etfg.) Bel. to Reston = the Brush- wood-Enclosure [O.K.hris{= O.N.hrts), brushwood + tiin, enclosure, farm] Reston, Berwick, was Ristun end of 1 1 th cent. Reston, Lines, was Riston in the 13th cent. Reston, Westmd., may be 'Ra's (Rop's) Farm.' Cp. Riston. RETFORD (Erig.) Bel. to Retford (Notts), the Domesday Redeford = the Red Ford [O.E. read, red + ford'\ REUBEN (Heb. ) Behold a Son [Heb. Kubhin — r'A, vision ; bin, a son] REUTER (Teut.-Lat.) Horseman, Trooper [the Mod. High Ger. Reuter is from the homophonous Dut. ruiter, L.Lat. ruptari-us — rupta, a troop: iJeMfer, however, occurs also in M.E. records] Cp. Ruttep. REVELEY (Eng.) Bel. to Reaveley (Northumb.), anc. Reveley = the Reeve's Lea [v. under Reeve, and + M.E. ley, O.E. ledh, a meadow] REVELL (Fr.-Lat.) the French Revel = 1 Grey, Tawny [f. Lat. rav-us, with Fr. dim. suff. -ei, Lat. -ell-us] 2 Pride, Joy [O.Fr. revel; f. Lat. re- hellare, to rebel] But the Southern French geographical name Revel is a dim. f. Lat. riv-us, a brook : Montrevel, Jura, e.g. was Mons Rivelli in Latin. Revel.— Hawrf. Rolls. Cp. Revill. REVILL (Fr.-Lat.) i Bel. to R6ville (Normandy) = the Royal Manor [Lat. regia villa\ 2 for Revel I, q.v. REW (Eng.) Dweller in a Row [M.E. rewe, O.E. rdew] Adam atte Rewe. — Subsidy-Roll, Soms., A.D. 1327. And leet icoraande anon to hakke and hewe The okes plde, and leye hem on a rewe. — Chaucer, Cant. Tales, A 2865r6. (Fr.-Lat.) for i the French De la Rue = Of the Street [Fr, rue, a street ; like O.Ital. ruga, f. Lat. rw^-a, a wrinkle, ridge] Usque ad locum qui vocatur Tudella, in ruga ejusdera S- Germani. — Charter, A.D. 1 165 ; Brachet. 2 the French Delru, Delrieu = Of the Brooklet [Fr. ru, O.Fr. riu, t. L.Lat. riu-s for Lat. riv-us, a watercourse] REWES, genit., and pi., of Rew (Eng.), q.v. REX (Lat.) King . [Lat. rex] John 'Rex.—Hund. Rolls. (Teut.) for Ricks, q.v. REX(S)TREW for Raokstraw, q.v. REY (Eng. and Scand.) for Ray, q.v. (Fr.-Lat.) King [O.Fr. rey, rei (^mod. roi), Lat. reg-em, ace. of rex, a king] REYBOLD, v. Raybold. REYBURN, V. Raeburn. REYNALDS, v. the commoner form Reynolds. REYNARD, v. Renard. REYNELL tor ReynQld, q.v. REYNER, V. Rayner. REYNERSON, Reyner's Son. REYNOLD, a vocalized form of Reginald, q.v. : rarely is the second element of Reynold for O.Teut. hold, gracious, faithful, loyal. Rainald-usis a common Domesday form; and it is also found in the i^tii-Cent. Yorkshire Poll-Tax. Reynold and Reynold are Hundred - Rolls spellings. French forms are Regnauld, Regnault, Rettaud, etc.; Renaud being the usual form of the christian name. Rainalde [variantly Reynold] .the Reve, of Rotland sokene [Rutland jurisdiction]. — Piers Plowman, ii. no. REYNOLDS, Reynold's (Son) 1 p„„„„,^ REYNOLDSON, RfeYNOLD's,SoN J ^- "eynoia RHEAD for Read, q.v. RHIND (Celt.) Bel. to Rhind or Rhynd /Perth- shire) = the Point (of Land) [O.Gael., and O.Ir. mrf(mod. Gael. »-(o)««h), a point, peninsula = Wei. rhyn, a cape] "The village of Rhynd ... is situated on a point at the confluence of the Rivers Tay and Earn."— ./Va*. Gaz. RHOADS for Roads, q.v. RHODEN for Roden, q.v. RHODES for Rodes, qv. Ill Rhydderch Riches RHYDDERCH, v. under P-rothero; but the name is rather from Wei. rhy-, 'super-,' and derch, ' ex^alted,' Ryderch escob [bishop]. — Brut y Tywysogion, A.D. 962. This name was used as a Welsh equi- valent of Roderick, q.v. RHYDER for Rider, q.v- RHYS fCelt.) Ardour [Wei. rhfs, ardency, a rusn — rh^su, to rush ; and cp. rhfs-wr— (g)wr, a man — a combatant, savage] Rys ab Owein. — Bruty Tywysogion, A.D. 1073. Rys ieuanc [young] ab Gruffud. — Bruty Tywysogiotti A.D. 1202. RIBALD (Teut.), the Dopiesday Ribald-us, re- presents the O.Teut. Rikbald, Ric{h)bald= Powerfully BoLb [O.Sax. Wfa' = O.N. rllM" = O.H.Ger. richi, rlhhi = Goth, reik-s = O.E. rice, powerful, mighty (Teut. base *rik; ruler) + O.Teut. bald, bold] Ribald-US. — Hund. Rolls. RIBBLE I for Ribald, q.v. 2 Dweller by the River Ribble, 12th cent. Ribbel, in Domesday-Book Ribel- (in Ribel-castre, Ribchester) [We do not know what the Celtic name of the Ribble was. The earliest recorded uncompounded form of the name is the Domesday Ripa ('Inter ' Ripam et Mersham '), which is app. in- tended for the Lat. ripa, a river-bank. ' Ribble ' may, in fact, represent Lat. ^ rivell-us, a dim. € riv-us, a stream, brook (mutation from v to b is regular : cp. Besan^on from Vesontion-em), but the size of the Ribble is an argument against this derivation. The' only point upon which we can speak with more or less certainty is that the name contains the Euraryan root ri, to flow, and is basically conn, with, e.g., Wei. rhe, a swift motion, Gr. rhSB (Ma), to flow, run, gush ; and 'Rhine' and 'Rhone '] ^ RIBCHESTER. Bel. to Ribchester (N.Lancs), ' I2th cent. Ribbecestre, Domesday Ribel- castre = the (Roman) Camp on the Ribble [v. under Ribble, and -|- O.E. ceaster, Lat. castra^ RIBSTON (Eng.) Bel. to Ribston (W. Yorks), 14th cent. Ribstane, 13th cent. Ribstan, Domesday Ripestan = Hryp's Stone (House or Monument) [O.E. stdti] RICARD (Teut. and Fr.-Teut.) = Richard, q.v. Richard IL, Duke of Normandy, is called Ricard (' t6 Ricardes rice ') in the A.-Saxon Chronicle, a.d. iooo. Ricardes occurs in Domesday Book. Ricard is fairly common in 13th atid 14th cent. English records. In France, Ricard is not nearly so common as Richard; and Ricart, again, occurs much less frequently than Ricard. RICARDS,RiCARD's(Son);v. Ricard, Richard. RICCARD, v. Ricard, Richard. RICE, an Anglicized form of Rhys, q.v. ' Cp. Reece, Rees(e. In the i6th-cent. Registers of Oxford , Univ. the same Welsh student is called indifferently- Rice and Rise Powell. RICH (Teut. and Fr.-Teut.) i Wealthy, Powerful, Mighty [M.E. riche, ryche, O.E. rice; also O.Fr. riche from O.H.Ger. rihhi (mod. reicKl Hugo le Ryche.— f/M»d. Rolls. 2 (later) 9 dim. of Richard, q.v. RICHARD (Teut. and Fr.-Teut.) Powerfully Brave [O.Teut. Richard, Rikhard, etc.— ' O.E. rice (mod. rich) = 0.ll.GeT. richi, rihhi (mod. reich) = O.Sax. riki = Dut. rijk = Goth, reik-s = O.N. rik-r, powerful, rich + O.E. h(e)ard = O.H.Ger. hart = O.Sax. hard = Dut. hard = Goth, hardu-s = O.N. har'S-r, hard, brave, firfti] The great popularity of this name ipay be said to have begun with Rlc(e)hard, that son of H16Shere, the 7th-cent. king of Kent, who became a monk at Lucca, Richard is an extremely common name in France, where it is a synonym for a man of wealth (' un richard') and where it also occurs with the diminutive sufBxes -eau (-el), -et, -ot, -on, -in. Cp. Ricard. RICHARDS, Richard's (Son) \ RICHARDSON, Richard's Son K ' Richard. RICHART, a French form of Richard, q.v. RICH BELL, an orig. fem. name of French origin found in our I3th-i4th cent, records as Richebelle, Richebele = Richly Fair [v. Rich, and -f- O.Fr. bel(l)e, Lat. bella ((.), pretty, fair] RICHER (Teut. and Fr.-Teut.), Mighty Army [O.Teut. Richer, Richere, Richeri, etc. : v. under Rich, and -j- O.E. here = O.H.Ger. O.Sax. heri = Goth, hatji-s = O.N. herr, army] Ricer-us, Richer-us. — Domesday-Book. Ranulf Richer.— Hund. Rolls. This name has largely merged into Richard. Cp. RIcker. RICHERS, Richer's (Son) : v. Richer. RICHERT, a Belgian (Flemish) form of Richard, q.v. RICHES I Rich's (Son) : v. Rich. 2 for Richersi q.v. 112 Richey Rickson RICHEY \= Rich (q.v.) + the E. dim. suff. RICHIE ]-ey,-ie. RICHIN = Rich (q.v.) + the Fr. dim. sufl.-i» [Lat. -in-us\ Exceptionally, Richin has another origin, for Foulques, Count of Anjou, was sur- named Richin or Rechin [O.Fr. rechin, rude, rough ; f. reche, M.H.Ger. resche, roesche, O.H.Ger. r6sc{i, sharp, active, hasty] " a cause de son humeur rude et aspre " (Larchey, pp. 405, 412). RICHING = Richin (q.v.) with added E. -g. RICHINGS, Riching's (Son). RICHIVIAN = Rich (q.v.) + man. Richeman fil. John. — Hund. Rolls. Confused with Richmond, q.v. RICHMOND (Fr.-Teut. + Lat.) Bel. to Rich- mond (Yorks), also Richemont (Normandy) = the Splendid or Mighty (Castle-) Mount [Fr.nc^.O.H.Ger.^fPi (M.H.Ger. riche, mod. retch) + 7r. mont, Lat. mans, mont-is] Johannes de Richemond. — Yorks Poll-Tax, A.D. 1379. Richmond, Surrey, still sometimes re- ferred to as West Sheen, owes its present name to Heniy VII, who "willed it to be hereafter called after his own title. " It is the A.-Sax. Sceon [O.E. sc^on, beautiful, fair] (Teut.) the O.Teut. pers. name Rlcmund, Richmund = Rich or Mighty Protector [O.E. rice = O.H.Ger. rlhhi (M.H.Ger. riche) + O.E. mund = O.H.Ger. munt (O.Sax. and O.N. mund), hand, protection, protector] Confused with Rich man, q.v. RICK (Teut.) I Wealthy, Powerful, Mighty [O.L.Ger. riki = O.E. ric- = O.N. rik-r = Goth, reik-s] 2 a dim. of Rickard, Rickwapd, &c., q.v. We also find one occurrence of the A.-Sax. word rica [=Goth. reik-s], 'ruler', as a pers. name. Cp. Rich. RICKARBY}Y-R''"<«-»'y. RICKARD = Rlcard, Richard, q.v. RICKARDS, Rickard's (Son). RICKARDSON, Rickard's Son. RICKART, an Anglicized (or rather American- ized)form of the DntchRijkaart^ Rickard, Richard, q.v. RICKARTS, Rickart's (Son). RICKARTSON, Rickart'S Son. RICKATSON, I for Rickartson, q.v. 2 for Ricketson, q.v. RiCKER (Teut.) Mighty Army • [O.Teut. Rikheri, Richere, etc. : v. under Rick, and + O.L.Ger. heri = O.E. here = O.N. herr ' = Goth, harji-s, army] The mod. French form is Riquer. Cp. Richer. RICKERBY (Scand. or Fr.-Teut. -f- Scand.) Bel. to Rickerby (Cumb.), 13th cent. Ricardeby — Ricard's or Rikhard's Estate [v. Ricard, Richard, and + O.N. b$-r, estate, farmstead] RICKERSON I Ricker's Son: v. Rioker. 2 exceptionally for Rickertson, Rickardson, q.v. RICKERT, an Anglicized (American) form of the Dutch Rijkert = Rickard, Richard, q.v. RICKERTS, Rickert's (Son). RICKERTSON, Rickert's Son. RICKET \ = RIok (q.v.) + the Fr. dim. suff. RICKETT J -et. , The mod. French form of this name is Riquet. RICKETS RICKETTS j Ricket(t)'s (Son). RICKETSON, Ricket's Son. RICKMAN (Teut.) = Rick (q.v.) + man. John fil. Rikeman.— /f«Mrf. Rolls. Cp. Richman. It has often been stated that an A.-Sax. pers. name Ricman is found in the Herts place-name Rickmansworth ; but as this place was formerly Richmereswearth and Rykemereswearth, the pers. name involved is, of course, the A.-Sax. Ricmobr = Mightily Famous [O.E. ric-, mighty, rich -I- mckre, famous, glorious] RICKON = Riok (q.v.) -(- the Fr. dim. suff. -on. Riquon is now somewhat rare in France. RICKS, Rick's (Son) 1 „. , RICKSON, Rick's Son /'■ '*'•''*• Rickward "3 Ridley RICKWARD (Teut.) Rich or Powerful Guardian [O.Teut. Rthtuard, Ricward, etc. : V. unfier Rick, and + O.L.Ger. ward = O.E. w(e)ard =t O.H.Ger. wart = Goth, wards = O.N. uorjp-r, guardian, protector] RICKWOOD for Riokward, q.v. The nairie, despite its appearance, does not seem to be local. RIDD (Eng.) I Rider, Trooper [O.E ridda] Ridda was the naine of a thane of the Mercian king Offa. 2 conf. with Read, q.v. (Celt.) Dweller at a Ford [Wei. rhyd, a ford] olSS^K ) (Eng.) I the A.-Sax. peirs. name S SS^. hJftfe'^e' [O.E. rckd, counsel, advice nlooltj +thedim.suff.-./] 2 the A.-Sax., pers. name Wrckdel [O.E. wrckd or wrck^, a band, wreath' {wr{j>an, to bind) + the dim. suff. -el: cp. Ridliugton] 3 for Reddall, Reddell, q.v. RIDDER = Rider, q.v. RIDDICK, V. Riddock. RIDDING (Eng.) i Dweller at the Clearing [O.E. hryding] 2 for Redding, q.v. RIDDINGS, pi., and genit., of Ridding. RIDDINGTON (Eng.) Bel. to Wrightington (Lanes), 13th cent. Wrichtington^ Wrightin- ton = the Estate of the Wyrhta Family [A.-Sax. *Wyrhtinga-tAn— ^wyrhta, a Wright, worker -)- -inga, genit. pi. of the fil. suff. -ing + ttln, estate, etc.] ' RIDDLE, V. Riddel(l. RIDDLER (EngO SiFTER (of grain, etc.) [O.E. hriddel, a riddle, sieve + the agent, suff. -ere] RIDDLESDEN (Eng.) Bel. to Riddlesden (Yorks), the Domesday Redelesden = Rebel's (or Wr^del's) Valley [v. under Riddel(l >, », and + O.E. denu, a valley] RIDDLESWORTH (Eng.) Bel. to Riddles- worth (Norf.), 13th and 14th cent. Redeles- worth = Ridel's (or WriEdel's) Estate [v. under Riddel(l\», and + O.E. w{e)orh estate, farm, enclosure] RIDDOCH (Celt.) Bel. to Redddch (Lanark) [doubtful : poss. Gael, reidh. (O.Ir. riid), smooth -f achadh, a field] RIDDOCK (Celt.) for Riddooh, q.v. (Eng.) a var. of Ruddock, q.v. RIDEAL, an Irish form of Riddell, q.v. [the form is due to Ir. (and Gael.) ridM, a riddle, sieve'; borrowed from Etig.] Rl DEH AUG H (Eng.) Bel. to Ridehalgh (La:ncs), ,17th cent. Rydehalgh [The second element is the Dial. E. halgh (found also as haugh, with common vocalization of /), a riverside meadow, a corner, O.N.E. halc= O.W.Sax. healh, a corner. In the absence of early forms the first element is quite uncertain : it may represent a dial, form of O.E. rPf(e, a streamlet; O.E. wrid, a thicket; O.E. riad, red ; O.E. hrSod, a reed ; or be Dial. E, ride, a riding, or road or cutting through a wood]' Rl DEOUT. The form of this name in the 1 3th- cent. Hundred-Rolls, Ridhut, and in the i4th-cent. Yorks Poll-Tax, Rydhowt, app. points to E. hut [Fr. hutte, a cottage, hut ; O.H.Ger. hutta, a hut] ; but the first element presents the same difficulty as in Ridehalgh, q.v. RIDER (Eng.) i Horseman, Trooper ; in late A.-Saxon, Norman K:*ight. 2 Mounted Keeper or Steward ; Ranger [M.E. ridere, rydere; O.E. ridere] I geve thee eightene pence a day. And my bowe shalt thou here ; 4.nd over all the north countre 1 make thee chyfe rydere. — ' Adam Bell ' ; Percy's Reliques. 3 (late) (Mounted) Commercial Tra-' VE1,LER. RIDGE (EngO Dweller at a Ridge [M.E. rigge, O.E. hrycg] RIDGEWAYl (Eng.) Dweller at the Ridge- RIDGWAY /Way iO. '&. hrycgweg] RIDGLEY (Eng.) Dweller at the Ridge-Lea [O.E. hrycgledh] RIDGMONT (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Bel. to Ridgmont (Beds, Yorks, Lanes, etc.) The Bedfordshire place app. owes its name to a Norman castle which was called Ruggemont, or Rougemont, from the Red Hill on which it stood {Nat.Gaz.) [Fr. 'rouge, f. Lat. ruhe-us, red, through a later form rubi-us (rubj-tts) + Fr. mont, Lat. motts, mont-is, a hill] RIDING (Eng.) i = Ridding, q.v. 2 (later) Dweller at the Riding, i.e. a riding-way cut through a wood [f. O.E. ridan, to ride] RIDLER = Riddler, q.v. RIDLEY (Eng.) Bel. to Ridley; or Dweller at I the Red Lea [Dial. E. rid(e, red ; O.E. r^ad + M.E. ley, O.E. l^ah, a meadow] 2 the Reedy Lea [O.E. hr^od, a reed -|- l^ah] Ridlington 114 Ringshaw 3 the Thicket-Lea [O.E. wrid, a thicket + Uah] 4 the Clearing-Lea [f. Dial. E. rid, to clear land (O.N. h)ry]^ia) + Uah] RIDLINGTON (Eng.)Bel.toRidlington (Norf.; Rutl.), 13th cent. Wridlington = the Estate of the Wr^del Family [A-Sax. *Wrdedelinga-Mn: ihe pers. name is a dim. f. O.E. wrded or iwcfej' {wri^an, to bind), a band, wreath -|- -inga, genit. pi. of the fll. suff. -ing + tun, estate, etc.] The Rutland parish was Redlictun in Domesday-Book. V. Rideout. RIDOUT "1 ridoutt; RIDPATH, V. Redpath. RIDSDALE (Eng.) Bel. to Riseley or Risley RISELY J (Beds), 13th cent. Risle = the Brushwood-Lea [O^E. hris, brushwood + ledh, lea] Cp. Risley. RISHTON (Eng.) Bel. to Rishton (Lanes), 14th cent. Risseton, Risshton = the Farm- stead by the Rushes [O.E. rise, a rush -f- tAn, a farm, enclosure] Cp. Rushton. RISHWORTH(Eng.) Bel. to Rishworth (Yorks) = the Rushy Estate [O.E. rise, a rush + worj", an estate, enclosure, farm] This township is (or was) mostly "un- cultivated moor." Cp. Rushworth. RISING (Eng.) Bel. to (Wood) Rising (Norf.), 13th cent. Rysing, Rising = the Bushy Meadow [O.E. hris = O.N. hris, brush- wood + O.Angl. ing, O.N. eng, meadow] RISK (Celt.) Dweller at a Morass or Moor [Gael, (and Ir.) riasg, riasc; conn, with O.E. rise, a rush] RISLEY (Eng.) Bel. to Risley (Lanes : 13th and 14th cent Riselegh, Ryselegh ; Derby : 13th cent. Risele/) = the Brushwood- Lea [O.E. hris + ledh] Cp. Riseley. RISTON (Eng.) Bel. to Riston (YOrks : Domes- day Ristun, Ristune ; Norfolk : 13th cent. Riston) = the Brushwood-Enclosure; Bush-Farm [O.E. hris (= O.N. hris), brushwood + t4n, enclosure, farm] Cp. Reston. RITCH = Rich, q.v. Ritchie ii6 Robarts RITCHIE, a North. E. and Scot, double dim. of Richard, q.v. [O.E. dim. suff. -ie, -y\ In the 1 6th cent, the form was commonly Richie. RITSON I for Ritch's Son : v. Ritch, Rich. 2 for Wpightson, q.v. RITTER (Ger.) Cavalier, Knight [v. the Appendix of Foreign Names] , Cp. Rutter. RIVEL(E)Y, V. Reveley. . RIVERS (A.-Fr.-LatJ Bel. to Rivieres (France) = the Banks, Shores [O.Fr. riviere, like Ital. riviera, f. L.Lat. riparia, a bank, sHore (also later a river) ; f. Lat. ripa, a bank, , shore] de Riveres, de Rivers, are the Hundred- Rolls forms. This name (which has absorbed the I3th-cent. A.-French de la< River{e) was Latinized de Ripariis. RIVINGTON (Eng.yBel. to Rivington (Lanes), A.D. 1202 Revington, Rowinton, other 13th- cent. forms being Ruwinton, Riviton, Rovinton, Rouinton, Rouuinton, Rou(u)yngton, Rowyngeton, Rowynton, Ruwington, Ruhivin- ton, Rpuington, early-i4th-cent. Rovinton, Rovington, Rvoyngton. [This is clearly a case where the A.-Saxon form of the name is necessary for its elucidation. If we were to judge by the i4th-cent. forms we could presume an A.-Sax, *Hr6finga-tun, 'the Estate of the Hr6f- Family" —hrdf, m.,lit. roof, summit, sky+-i«^a, genit.pl. of thefiL suff. -ing; hrdf app. being the origin of the first element of ' Rochester ' — A.-Sax. HrSfes-ceaster. A known variant of this word, hr^f-, would enable us to account for the Revington of 1202 and hence the present form, Rivington, which occurs in 1587. On the other hand, the divergent Rou-, etc., and Rev-, Riv- forms might be due to an A.-Sax. pers. name like Riulf, for Ricwulf, with the genit. pi. ' son ' suff. -inga + <«», estate, farm] RIX I for Ricks, q.v. 2 a local name from O.E. rix, f., a rush (the surname de la Rixe occurs in the Hundred-Rolls for Somerset). RIXON for RIckson, q.v. rcKE}=«-^«'«l- ROAD 1 (Eng.) Dweller at i a RoAD(-Side) ROADE J or Riding [M.E. rode, O.E. rdd, f.J 2 a Cross or Crucifix (Rood) [M.E. rode, O.E. rid, i.\ Simon de la Rode. — Hund. Rolls. But oonly that the holy rode Turne us every dreem to gode. — Chaucer, Hous of Fame, 57-8. (Scand.) Dweller at a Clearing [M.E. rode, O.N- riffp-r. a clearing, 'open space in a forest*] (TeutJ RED(-haired); Ruddy [O.N. riffS-r (Dan.-Norw. rod) = O.E. redd = Dut. rood (pron. rtJi), red, ruddy] ROAdI^ } P'-' ^""^ 2^"**-' °^ Road(e, q.v. Roads is common in Bucks. The Rhodes of Yorkshire (in the Yorks PoU- Tax, A.D. 1379, commonly 'del Rodes') and the neighbouring counties (Lanes : Richard A&Rodes. — ' Inq. de an. et die,' A.D. 1269), and the Rhoad(e)s of Lincolnshire, may lae set down as Scandinavian. ROADHOUSE, a local name = Road (q.v.) + house [O.E. O.N. Ajfa] ROAD(K)NIGHT(Eng.) Mounted Servant or Retainer [O.E. rddcniht — rdd, riding -j- cniht, boy, servant (later knight] ROAFE 1 „ 1^ roalfe; '*'"^•^■^• ROAKE (A.-Fr.) Dweller at a Rock [O.Fr. roke, roque ; L.Lat. rocca ; app. f. a deriv. (rupic-us) of Lat. rupes, a rock] Geof. de la Roke. — Hund. Rolls. Roque- is common in French place- names. Cp. Roche- ROAN "I (Scand.) Dweller at a Roan- or ROANE J Rowan -Tree pi.Eng. and Scot. roaurtree, rowan-tree I Dan.-Norw. ronne (tree) = Swed. ronn, O.N. reyni-r, rowan- tree] (A.-Fr.-Lat.-Celt.) Bel. to Rouen [A.-Fr. (andBret.)5oa»,L.Lat.J?oto»i-M»i,Lat.-Celt. Rotomag-us : -magus is the Latinized form of the Gaul, magos (= Ir. and Gael, magh), a plain, field ; the first element seems to be Gaul. *roto-, and conn, with Lat. rqtare, to turn round (Lat. rota, a wheel = Ir. and Gael, roth =Wel. rhod acd Bret, wd), and rotundus, round] ROANSON, a contraction of Rowlandson, q.v. ROANTREE, v. under Roan (Scand). ^°^3 1 dim. of Robert, q.v. ROBART = Robert, q.v. ROBARTS = Roberts, q.v. Rob(b)erd ROB(B)ERD, V. Robert. ROB(B)ERDS, Rob(b)erd's (Son): v. Robert. ROBBEY") double dim. of Robert, q.v. [E. ROBBIE J dim. suff. -^y, rie\ ROBBINS = Robins, q.v. ROBBS, Robb's (Son) : v. Robb. ROBEARTS = Roberts, q.v. ROBERSON for Robertson, q.v. ROBERT (Teut.) i FAME-BRiGHT[Fr. Robert, O. , TevLt.Hruodber(a)ht,Ruodperht, etc.(Mod.H. GeT.Rupreckt,etc.),HrdVberht,Hr^biart,etc. — O.H.Ger. h)ruod- = O.Sax. *hri}S- = O.E. A>-<«S- (hr^ = O.N. hr(fS-r, fame, victory + O.H.Ger. beraht = O.Sax. berht = O.E. be(p)rht = Goth, bairht-s = O.N. hiart-r, bright, glorious] Rodbert and Rodbriht are usual forms in the A.-Saxon Chronicle, nth and 12th cent. Fiz-Robert occurs in the copies of . the Roll of Battle Abbey. Robertus is the form in DomesdayTBook. Robert Wace invariably has Robert — Li quens iJoftert de Moretoing (The count Softer*, of Mortain). — Roman de Rou, ii. 183, etc. Sire Roberd le fiz Rei [variantly Roy] is name ssal be. — Rob. Glouc. Chron., 8895. i?oSert [variantly ^oJ^j-^fl the robbere. — Piers Plowman, v. 469 (341 1). Robert the Bruys erle off Carryk. — Barboufj The Bruce, i. 67. Robert is still a common French sur- name; it occurs also with the dim. suffixes -et, -in, -on, etc. Rupert is the same name, (occ.) 2 Counsei^Bright [f. O.L.Ger. Rddberht — rdd (O.E. rded), counsel + berht', bright, glorious] ROBERTON (Teut.) Bel. to Roberton (Scot.), i2th cent. VtllaRoberti, 13th cent. Roberts- tun = .Robert's Manor or Estate [v. under Robert, and + M.E. tun, O.E. tAii] ROBERTS, ROBERT'S (Son) \ ROBERTSON, Robert's Son J ^' «"°eri. Adam fil. Roberti. — Hund. Rolls. ROBERTSHAW (Eng.) Dweller at Robert's Wood [v. under Robert, and + M.E. shati)(e, O.E. sc{e)aga, a wood] ROBESON = Robson, q.v. ROBEY = Roby, q.v. ROBILARD = Rob, a dim. of Robert (q.v.) + . the Fr. double dim. suff. -el-ard. Robelard.^/fM«rf. Rolls. 117 Roche ROBIN, a double dim. of Robert, q.v. [Fr. Robin\ John 'Rohia.— Hund. Rolls. Til Robyn the ropere Arobs bi the southe. — Piers Plowman, 3147-8. Now am I Robert [i.e. a gentleman], now Robyn [i.e. a poor man]. — Chaucer, Rom. of the Rose, 6337. This trayturs name is Robyn Hode. — Robin Hood and the Monk, 8g. ROBINET 1 = Robin (qJv.) + the Fr. dim. ROBINETTJsuff. -«i. L'abb6 Brizard a vu, dans les titres de la famille de Buat, une meme personne appel6e Robert et Robinet. — Larchey, p. 416. ROBINS, Robin's (Son) 1„ p-uj- ROBINSON, Robin's SonJ ^' "°"'"- ROBISHAW for Robertshaw, q.v. ROBISON, Rob(b)ie's Son: v. Robbie. ROBKIN = Rob (q.v.) + the E. (double) dim. suff. -kin [O.L.Ger. -Mb] Robekin is the usual i3th-cent. form. ROBLET "I = Rob (q.v.) -|- the Fr. double ROBLOT J dim. suff. -el-et, -el-ot. Robelet and Robelot are not common now in France. ROB LIN = Rob (q.v.) + the Fr. double dim. suff. -el-in. Simon Robelyn. — Hund. Rolls. Rotelin is now somewhat rare in France. ROBOTHAM "I (Eng.) Dweller at the Roe- RO BOTTOM I Valley [O.E. rd, a roe + botm] ROBSART (Fr.-Teut.+Lat.) Bel. to Robersart (Nord)= Robert's Clearing ("v. Robert, and' -I- Dial.Fr, sort, Fr. essart, a clearing, f. essarter, to root up; Lat. ex, on\.+sarire, saritum, to hoe, weed] ROBSON, Rob's Son : v. Rob. ROBY (Scand.) Bel. to Roby = i RA's or the Roe Stead [O.N. rd, a roe + hy-r\ 2 the Farm in the Nook or Corner [O.N. ti)rd, a nook, corner -t- by-r] The Lancashire Roby was Rabi in the 1 2th and 13th cent; Robi and Roby{e in the 14th cent. occ. (A.-Fr.-Teut.) = Rob (q.v.) H- the E. dim. sufF. -e)y, ROCHE '(A.-Fr.-Lat.) Bel. to Roche (France) ; or Dweller at a Rock [Fr. roche, roc^ & rock (Ital. raced); app. f. a deriv. (rupica) of Lat. rupes, a rode] Rochefort Its Roddick Jordan ide la Roche. — Hund. Rolls. That ypotame a wonder beest is . . . In nche is his wonyying [dwelling].— Kyng Alhaunder, S184, 5196. Ther I was bred, alias I that harde day, And fostred in a roche of marbul gray. — Chaucer, Cant. Tales, F 499-500. 1 looked about and saw a craggy roche. — 'The Tower of Doctrine': Percy's Religues. ( de la ) Roche is a common French surname. Cp. Roake. occ. (?Celt.) Dweller by the Rivers Roche (Essex), Roch (Lanes) [if, as seems very probable, these river-names are Celtic the etymon may, on analogy, be sought for in the early form of Wei. rhwch, 'what is rough,' or rhwych, 'what expands '] ROCHEFORT (Fr.-Lat.) Bel. to Rochefort (France) = the Strong (Castle-) Rock ; FoRTlFlED^RocK [v. under Roche, and + Fr./ort, hat. fort-is, strong] This name was Latinized de Rupe Forti. Rochefort is a common French place- name. ROCHESTER. Bel. to Rochester (Kent), the A.-Sax. (7th cent.) Hrdfes-ceaster, i.e. Hr6f's (Roman) Stronghold [the pers. name is app. O.K. hrdf, m., (lit. roof), sky, heaven, in the genit. -|- 0,E. ceaster, a fortified place ; Lat. castr-um, a castle] This was Bede's belief (' Hist. Eccl.' IL iii.) ; but if Rochester, as has been claimed, was the Celt.-Roman Rotibis ^s well as Duro-brivis), Bede may have been wrong. Rochester, Northumberland, is on a rock, and may owe the first element of its name to that fact [see under Roche.] ROCHFORD (Eng.) Bel. to i Rochford (Essex) 13th cent. Rocheford = the Ford over THE Roche [O.E./ord] 2 Rochford (Wore), the Domesday Rochesforde [this may represent an A.-Sax. *Hr6ces-ford, Hrdc being a pers. name from the rook — 0,E. hrdc, m.] (A.-Fr.-Lat.) for Roohefor't, q.v. ROCKETT (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Bel. to (La) Roqnette (Normandy) = the Little Rock [O.Fr. roqite, a rock + the Fr. dim. suff. -et-te\ ROCKINGHAM (Eng.) Bel. to Rockingham (Northants), the A.-Sax. Hrdcinga-hdm = the Home or Estate of the Hr6c- Family [O.E. hrdc, m., a rook -|- -inga, genit. pi. of the fil. sufF. -ing + hdm, home, etc.] ROCKLEY (Eng.) Bel. to Rockley ; or Dweller at the Rocky Lea [M.E. rok(e, O.E. -rocc (of Romanic orig.), a rock 4- M.E. le{y, O.E. ledh, a meadow] The form of this name in the Hundred- Rolls, A.D. 1274, was usually Rokele. ROCKLIFF(E \ (Eng.) Bel. to Rockcliff(e, Ro- ROCLIFFE Jchffe (Yorks) ; or Dweller at the Rocky Cliff [v. under Rockley, and + O.E. clif] (Scand.) for Rawcliffe, q.v. RODBARD \ (Teut.) 1 Red Beard [O.Sax. RODBEARD J rdd = Dut. rood (pron. rsd) = O.N. riv. Nicholas de la Rodde. — Hund. Rolls. Rodd is the name of a Herefordshire township. RODDAM (Eng.) Bel. to Roddam (Northumb.) [the second element is O.E. ham(m, a piece of land, enclosure, dwelling; for the first element see under Road(e] This place is mentioned in a late metrical version of an alleged grant of land by Kins ■^thelstan— ■' 1 1 konig Athelstane Giffis heir to Paulane Odiham and Roddam. — Cart. Sax. No. 1342. RODDICK I a var. of Ruddiok, q.v. 2 an abbrev. of Roderick, q.v. Roddy 119 Roffy RODDY I a double dim. of Roderick, q.v., and Rodolph, q.v. [E. dim. suff. -y] 2 a var. of Ruddy, q.v. There does not seem to be any trace of this hame being local, with a second ele- ment -ey, 'island,' or -hay, -hey, 'enclosure.' RODE, V. Road(e. RODEN (Eng.) i Bel. to Roden ; or Dweller at I the Roe-Valley [O.E. rd, a roe -1- derm, a valley] 2 the Reedy Valley [O.E. hredd, a reed] ' aet Hrodene ' occurs in an A.-Sax. will (' Cart. Sax.' No. 1317). RODERICK (Teut.) Famous Ruler [O.Teut. Hruodric, Ruodric, Hr^rik, etc. (mod. Ger. Roderidi) — O.H.Ger. h)ruod- = O.Sax. *hrd^- = O.E. bra's- {hre^ = O.N. hr6^S-r, fame, glory, victory -f- a deriv. of O.Teut. n'fe-, a ruler, seen in O.Sax. riki = O.E. rica = Goth, reik-s, a ruler] This Teutonic name is used as an Anglicization of the Irish Ruadhri, Gael. Ruaridh — which are more often repre- sented by Ropy, q.v. — and of the Welsh Rhydderch, q.v. RODES, v. Roads. RODGER (Teut.) Famous Spear [O.Teut. HniodgSr (whence Fr. Roger, Rogier), Hro^gdr, HrSSgeirr, etc.— O.H.Ger. h)ruod- = O.Sax. *hrSS- = O.E. hrSS- (hr^ = O.N. hrffS-r, fame, glory, victory -|-0,H.Ger. and O.Sax. ger — O.E. gar = O.N.geirr, a spear] HrfiSwulf and HrdSgdr.—r WidsiS (The Traveller), 91. RSSgA' is the form in a loth-i ith cent. 'Index Bonorum' of the abbey of Werden- an-der-Ruhr. The mod. (High) German form is Riidiger. Cp. Roger. RODGERS, Rodger's (Son) 1„ n^rfao- RODGERSON, Rodger's Son K' «o°ser. RODGIE, a double dim. ol Rodger, q.v. [E. dim. sufT. -zV] RODICK, V. Roddick. RODMAN = Rodd, Road (q.v.) -)- man. But exceptionally the first element may be that seen under Roderick and Rodger, as Rodman occurs in a gth-cent. Register of the abbey of Werden-an-der-Ruhr. RODMUND (Teut.) Famous Protector [O.Teut. Hr{u)odmunt, HfSSmund, etc. — v. under Roderick and Rodger, and -|- O.H.Ger. munt (mod. mund) = 0;E. O.Sax. O.N. mund, hand, protection, protector] HreSric and HrA'Smund. — Be&wulf, 2382- The Domesday torm is Rodmund. RODNEY (Eng.) Bel. to Rodney (Soms.), early 14th cent, uniformly Rodeneye, pointing to an A.-Sax. *H)R6dan-ig = R6da's or Hr6da's Island [the pers. name Rdda or Hrdda or Hrd^a (genit. Rddan-, etc.) is the first element (without the common suff. -a) of Roderick and Rodger, q.v. (a Devon- shire thew named Hrdda was manumitted c. 970 — ' Cart. Sax.' No. 1246] RODNIGHT, V. Road(k)night. RODOLF "I (Teut.) Famous Wolf [O.Teut. RODOLPH I Hruod('w)olf, Ruodolf (whence Fr. Rodolphe), Hrd^{w)ulf, etc. — v. under Roderick and Rodger, and -|- O.H.Ger. wolf — O.Sax. and O.E. wulf = Fris. and Dut. wolf = Goth, wulf-s = O.N. Mf-r, wolf] RODRICK, V. under Roderick. RODWAY (Eng.) i Dweller at the ROOD- (Cross-)Way [O.E. rod -{■ weg'\ 2 a form of Radway, q.v. RODWELl. (Eng.) Dweller at i the Spring by the Road [O.E. rdd + w{i)ell(a, etc.] 2 the Spring by the Rood (Cross) [O.E. rdd, rood] Cp. Cro8(s)well. 3 the Red Spring (spring issuing from red earth) [O.E. redd, redd, red] 4 the Reedy Spring [O.E. hredd, a reed] In A. - Saxon charters we find such forms as 'on reddan-wylle' (dat.), "on reddwellan ' (dat.), and possibly ' Red Spring' is the commonest meaning; although redd is occ. found to be for hredd. Alan de 'Roiev/eW.—Hund. Rolls. ROE (Eng. and Scand.) a nickname and sign- name from the animal [M.E. ro(e, O.E. O.N. rd, a roe] John le 'Ro.—Hund. Rolls. John de la 'Koe..—Excheq. Iss. Cp. Ray, Rae, Raw(e; and there has prob. been confusion with Row(e, q.v. (Celt.) Of Red Complexion or Hair [Ir. and Gael, ruadh (dh mute), red] ROEBUCK (Eng. and Scand.) a nickname and sign-name from the animal [v. under Roe, and -I- O.E. bucc = O.N. bukk-r] ROFE 1 ROFF [ assim. forms of Rolf(e, q.v. roffeJ ROFFEY \ I = Roff, Roif(e (q.v.) -f- the dim. ROFFY /suff. -«)y. 2 |Dweller at (a) the Rough Island or Waterside [O.E, riih, rough, wild -|- ig (M.E. ey{e] 120 Rogan Rollason (b) the Rough Hey or Enclosure [O.E. nih + hcBg-, haga, enclosure] The surname ' de la Rogheye ' occurs in the i3th-cent. Hundred-Rolls. There is a Roughey in Sussex and a Rough Hey in Cheshire. Rofiy is the name of a shepherd in 'The Shepheards Calender' (September). In the ' glosse ' to this month Spenser says — Roffy, the name of a shepehearde in Marot his i£glogue of Robin and the Kinge. The Yonne (France) village - name Roffey will hardly have influenced this surname. ROGAN (Celt.) Of Red Complexion or Hair [Ir. Ruadhacdn (a.d. 8go, etc.) — ruadh (dh mute), red + the (double) dim. suff. -cdn {6c-dn\ later -gdn\ There has been interchange with Rohan, q.v. ROGER = Rodger, q>. Rogerus, 'B.ogenns.^Domesday-Book. See the quotations from Chaucer, etc., under Hodge. Roger (variantly Rogier) is a common French surname, found also with the dim. suff. -eau (earlier -el), -et, -on. In Wace's ' Roman de Rou 'Rogier is the usual form, as ' Rogier de Montgomeri.' ROGERS, Roger's (Son) "1 „ r.^^^^ p«^«„„ ROGERSON.Roger'sSon) ^- Ro^*""' Rodgen. The (Latinized) form of these patrony- mics in the i3th-cent. Hundred-Rolls is ' ill. Rogeri.' Many an Irish Mac Rory or Mac Rury has Anglicized his name to Rogers and Rogerson. ROHAN (Celt.) Of Red Complexion or Hair [Ir. Rtiadhdn (a.d. 904, etc.) — ruadh (dh , as h), red -f- the dim. suff. -dn] There . has been interchange with Rogan, q.v. ROKEBY (Scand.) Bel. to Rokeby (Yorks), the Domesday Rochebi [The first element, I despite the absence of the genit. -s seen (modified) in Roxby, is doubtless the O.N. pers. name Hrdk-r, a rook (in O.West.N. a cormorant) ; the name ajpp. occurs too early to be a borrowing from O.Fr. roke (Ft. roche), a rock : 1- O.N. b^-r, a dwell- ing, estate] ROKER (A.-Scand.) i Spinner ; or, as spinning was essentially a feminine occupation, rather Distaff-Maker [M.E. roker, rockere, , f. M.E. rok, rock(e, O.N, rokk-r (Dan.-Norw. roli) ^ Dut. rok, rokken, a distaff ; with the agent, suff. -er] Ralph le Roker.—Hund. Rolls. 2 Bel. to Roker (Durham) = (app.) the Roe-MArshJM.E. ro, O.N. (and O.E.) rd, a roe + N.E. ker(r, O.N. kiarr, a moss, marsh] : cp. the Yorks place-name Raw- marsh. But early forms are desirable. ROKSTER, the same name as Roker', but with the fem. agent. suS. -ster [O.E. -estre] ROLAND (Fr.-Teut. ) Famous Land [Fr. Roland, O.Fr. Rollant, O.Teut. Ruotlant, Hruodlant, Hr&Sland, etc. (mod. Ger. Ru(d)- land): v. under Roderick and Rodger, and -1- O.Teut. land ( O.H.Ger. lant ), land, country] In the ' Chanson de Roland ' we find the forms Rollant (also occurring in the ' Roman de Rou ')' and Rollanz — e.g. ' Amis Rollam' (2887) and 'Ami Rollant' (2909), the former instance showing in both words the formative ^ominative) suff. -s (-Z for -ts). The form in the Pfaffen Konrad's lath-cent.German adapt- ation ' is usually Ruolant — e.g. ' Ruolant unde [and] Turpin' (6717). Cp. Rowland. Roland. ROLANDS, Roland's (Son) "I ROLANDSON, Roland's Son;^" ROLF 1 ROLFE [ contr. of Rodolf, q.v. rolphJ John Rolf.— Hund: Rolls. Rolf is fairly common in Domesday- Book. It was the name of the first Duke of Normandy (Rolf'T or Hrolf-r, contr. f. HrS^Alf-r and Latinized Rollp). Rolv and Rolf are the mod. Norwegian forms. There has been some confusion with Ra!f(e, q.v. ROLFES ROLFS 1 Rolf(e)'s (Son). 2 for l^olandson, q.v. ROLL \ forms of the O.Fr. Roul (mod. Raoul, ROLLE I which, however, really represents Ralph or Ralf), lor Rolf, Rodolf, q.v. Rolle is not nearly so common a sur- name in France as the deriv. Rollet. Cp. Rowel I (A.-Fr.-Teut.) ROLLAND, v. Roland. ROLLANDSON, Rolland's orRoLAND's Son: V. Roland. ROLLASON I for Rollandson, q.v. 2 for Rolleeton, q.v. Rolles 121 Romsey ROLLES, Roll(e)'s (Son) : v. Roll(e. ROLLESTON (Eng.) Bel. to Rolleston = 1 R6|julf's or HR61)(w)uLr's Estate [v. under Rodolf, and + O.E. tiin] The Staffordshire Rolleston occurs a.d. 942 as Rfffulfes-tun, and in the will (a.d. 1004) of Wulfric, Earl of Mercia, as RolfestHn. 2 RoLLE's Estate \Rolle is, however, merely a late (A.-French) form of the same pers. name as under i] R§t:l:f7(?l=ff^°"(-(i-) + t^-F--- d-- rollat(tJ ^^''■"'■ Rollet is a common French surname. ROLLIN = Roll(e (q.v.) + the Fr. dim. suff'. -in: Rollin is common in France. ROLLING for Rollin, q.v. ROLLINGS for Rollins, q.v. ROLLINGSON for Rollinson, q.v. ROLLINS, RoLLiN's (Son) \_ „„,.. ROLLINSON, ROLLIN'S SoN J ^- «°'""- But Rollinson has been confused with Rolandson, q.v. ROLLISON for Rollinson, q.v. ROLLO, V. under Rolf. ROLLS, Roll's (Son) : v. Roll. ROLLSTON, v. Rolleston. ROLPH, V. Rolf. ROLSON I Roll's SoiJ : v. Roll. 2 a contr. of Rolandson, q.v. ROLSTON, V. Rolleston. ROLT ( Teut. ) Famous Power [O.Teut. Hr(u)odwalt, HrdVw(e)ald, Hrdpuald, etc.— V. under Roderick and Rodger, and + O.H.Ger. giywalt = O.Snx, gi)wald = O.E. ge)'w(e)ald = O.N. uald, power, might] The direct ancestor of Rolt is doubtless the i2th and 13th cent. Roald (13th cent, also Rowald), which by monosyllabication and unvoicing of d had become Rolt by ' the (early) 17th cent. ... and twegen eorlas mid [and two earls therewith], Ohtor and Hroald. — A--Saxon Chron., A.D. 918. These were Scandinavian jarls ; Roald IS the present Norwegian form. A Hrd'Swald was Archbishop of York A.D. 930. S2J!!^I!^,.l (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Roman [Ft. Romain, oSJ^aI^^ Lat. Roman-us] ROMAN J Reginald le Romayn. — Hund. Rolls, (Teut.) occ. confd. with weak forms of Rodmund, q.v.: cp. Rum(m)an (Teut.). ROMANS, (the) Roman's (Son) : v. Roman. ROME (A.-Fr.-Lat.) One from Rome [Fr. Rome, Lat. Roma] ROMEO (A.-Ital.-Lat.) Pilgrim to Rome [Ital. romeo ; f. Lat. Roma, Rome] ROMER (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Roamer, Wanderer; prop. Pilgrim to Rome [M,E. romer(e, O.Fr. romier ; f. Lat. Roma, Rome] And religiouse romeris [var. romares] Recordare in hir [their] cloistres. — Piers Plowman, 2321-2. RO M I LLY (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Bel. to Romilly (France) =: RoMiLius' Estate [M.Lat. Romiliacus . — dc-us, the Latinization of the Gaul, possess, suff. -dc-os"] There are two villages called Romilly . in the Eure Dept., and one in the Eure-et- Loir ; in addition to places called Rumilly in the Nord, Pas-de-Calais, etc. ROMNEY. Bel. to i Romney (Old and New, Kent). [The River Romney (Kent) was called Rumenea ("juxta flumen quod vocatur Rumenea") in a Latin charter a.d. 895, where -ea may reasonably be supposed to be the O.E. ea, river ; while the Rumening seta of a Kentish charter a.d. 697, which presumably relates to Old Romney, would appear to be ' the seat (residence) of Rumen's Son' (O.E. -ing, ' son ' suff.); or if the -ing of this Latin charter should be for the common -zw^a (genit.pl.) then the-aof seta might be taken as a sign of the plural instead of the dat. sing. But the analogy of a river in South Wales which in its upper part is called Rhymney ("avon Rymni," 'Brut y Tywysogion,'A.D. 1070), and in its lower (Anglicized) part Rumney, rather points to a Celtic origin for Rumen-, poss. the early form of Wei. rhym, 'what stretches round,' with the dim suff. -/« : cp. Wei. rhumen, a dim. of the seeming variant rhum, ' what projects or swells ']. 2 Romagny (Normandy) = Romanus' J Estate [M.Lat. *Romaniacus — dc-us, the Latinization of the Gaul, possess, suff. •dc-os} ROMSEY (Eng.) Bel. to Romsey or Rumsey (Hants), I3th-i4th cent. Romesy, ioth ceii\..Romesey,Rumesig. [The second element is O.E. i{e)g (= Ronald 122 Ropes O.N. ey), island, waterside : if we had only the form in the A.-Saxon Chronicle, A.D. 971, to guide us (H6r fortSferde Eidmund sefieling. and his Ifc litS set Rumesige — In this year died Eadmund iEtheling, and his body lies at Rumsey) we might have inferred that the pers. name involved (in the genit.) was trom O.E. rihn, liberal, noble; but the persistent -0- makes it fairly clear that a pers. name is in question ' from the O.E. cognate of O.Sax. hrdm = O.H.Ger. h)ruom (mod. ruhm), fame, glory] RONALD, the Scoto-Scandinavian form of Reginald, q.v. [O.N. Rognuald] The modern Norse form is Ragnvald as well as Rognald. RONALDS, Ronald's (Son) "1 D„„aiH RONALDSON, Ronald's Son/ ^- "0"aia. RONDEL "1 the French Rondel (later form ROHOEV-l.] Rondeau) = Round, Plump [Fr. rofid, Lat. rotund-us, round + the Fr. dim. suff. -el, Lat. -ell-us] RONEY, V. Rooney. RONILDS for Ronalds, q.v. RONNIE, a double dim. of Ronald, q.v. fN.E. and Scot. dim. suff. -/V] RONSON, a contr. of i Ronaldson, q.v. 2 Rolandson, q.v. RONTREE (Scand.) Dweller at a Roan-Tree or Mountain-Ash [Dan.-Norw. rSnnetrce ; cp. O.N. reyni-r, a roan-tree, rowan-tree] ROOD (Eng.) Dweller at a Cross [M.E. rood, rode, O.E. r6d\ Cp. Rode, Road". ROOF ROOFE ROOFF. 2 Famous, Renowned [O.E. and O.Sax. r6f = O.H.Ger. ruof, for older *hruof(f (mod. H.Ger. ruf, fame, etc.] 3 the French Ruf = the Red, Red- Haired [Lat. ruf-us] 4 the rare A.-Sax. pers. name Hrdf (v. under Rochester) Jcp. O.E. hrdf, m., the sky, heaven, (lit.) roof; but the name is rather the older form of rSf, famous, seen in 2] ROOF(W)RIGHT (Eng.) Roof-Builder [O.E. hrdf-^wyrhtdl ROOK "1 (Eng. and Scand.) a nickname and ROOKE ) pers. name from the Rook [M.E. rook, roke, O.E. hrdc = O.N. hrdk-r, a rook] Geoffrey le Rdke.—Hund- Rolls. ROOKER = Roker, q.v. ijoin (Teut.) I syncopated forms of Rud- " Rodolf, q.v. ROOKLEDGE, a gutturalized form of Rout- ledge, q.v. ROOM \ (Teut.-Lat.) for Rome, q.v. [cp- ROOME J O.N. RAm, Rome ; and O.E. Rum- wealR, a Roman] (Teut.) I Fame, Glory [O.H.Ger. K)ruom (mod. ruhm) = O.Sax. hrdm = Dut. roem (cp. Rumbold] 2 Liberal, Magnificent [p.E. nim, (lit.) spacious, (fig.) bountiful, noble, etc.; cognate with O.N. riim-r = Goth, riim-s^ Dut. ruim = Fris. rum, spacious, roomy] We find the name Riima in an A.-Sax. charter a.d. 958. ROONEY (Celt.) the Red [Ir. Ruamidh {dh mute) — ruanaidh, red, reddish : cp. Mul- rooney] ROOPE = Rope, q.v. ROOFER = Roper, q.v., when it does not represent the Dut. roeper (pron. rooper), a crier. ROoIe } (^--Fr-Lat.) a form of Rous(e, q.v. (Celt.) Dweller at a Moor [Wei. rAos] Hugh da Ros.— Pipe-Roll, A.D. 1237-8. Philip de Roos. — Lattc. Assize-Roll, A.D. 1246. These entries relate to Roose, N. Lanes. "Roose, Rouse, or Rhos, a hundred in the CO. of Pembroke . . . " — Nat. Gaz. Roos, E. Yorks, is said to owe its name to Peter de Ros, its proprietor temp. Hen. L (Eng. etc.) occ. a form of Rose, q.v. [cp. Dut. roos, a rose, as in the local name Rooseveld (-d as -t), Rosefield] ROOTe} (Eng.) Gay, Cheerful [O.E. rdt] (Teut.) the Red, Ruddy [O.H.Ger. rdt (mod. ro/) = O.Sax. rdd =O.N. ridp-r, red] Peter Rote.— Hund. Rolls. ROOTS, Root's (Son). ROPE (Eng.) theA.-Sax. Rop(p)a, Hrop(p)a [f. a deriv. of O.E. hrdpan (= O.Sax. hrSpan = Dut. roepen), to shout : cp. O.E. hrdp (= Goth, hrdp-s), a shout, clamour] ROPER (Eng.) Rope-Maker or -Seller [M.E roper{e, raper{e; O.E. rdp, rope -Jf the agent, suff. -ere] Simeon le Ro^ei.— Hund. Rolls. Til Robyn the ropere Aroos bi the southe. — Piers Plowman, 3147-8. ROPES I Rope's (Son) : v. Rope. 2 a nickname for a Roper : v. Roper. Ropkin 123 Rosamund ROPKIN for Robkin = Rob (q.v.) + the E. dim. sufl. -kin [O.L.Ger. -k-iti] The unvoicing of 6 to /> here is due to the influence of the following voiceless letter k. ROPKINS, RoPKiN's (Son) : v. Ropkin. RORISON, Rory's Son : v. Rory. RORKE, V. O'Rorke. RORY (Celt.) Red King [Ir. Ruadhri — ruadh (dh mute), red + ri, king] ROSBOTHAM \ (Eng.) Dweller at the Roe's ROSBOTTOM J Valley : v. Robotham, Ro- bottom. ROSCOE 1 (Scand.) Bel. to Roscoe (Lanes), ROSCOW J i6th cent. Roscoe and Roscow = the Roe-Wood [O.N, rd (Dan.-Norw. raa — pron. raw), a roe -(- O.N. sk6g-r (Dan.-Norw. skov), a wood] ROSE (A.-Lat.) a pers. name, nickname and sign-name from the flower [O.E. rose \ Lat. rosd\ Richard fil. Rose.^Hund. Rolls. Nicholas de la Rose. — Hund. Rolls. And maister Frank the goldsmith at the Rose. — Pasquin, Night-Cap, A.D. 1 612; Lower, i. 21 1. (Eng.) Roe's (Son) : v. Roe. (A.-Fr.-Teut.) Row(e)'s (Son) — Row{e, a contr. of Rowland or Rofand, q.v. (Celt.) Dweller at a. Moor [Wei. rhos = Corn, rds] " Rose-Market or i?Aos-Market, a parish in the hundred of Roose, co. Pembroke . . . ". — Nat. Gaz. Cp. Roos(e. • ROSEBERY \(Eng.) Bel. to Roseber(r)y ROSEBERRYJ (Edinb., Yorks," ; etc.) = I Roe's Stronghold [a genit. of O.E. rd (= O.N. rd), a roe (a common pers. name) -1- burh, a stronghold] 2 the Rose-Hill [O.E. rose (Lat. rosc^ + beorh,& hill] Rose-Hill is a common Eng. local name. ROSENGROVE (Eng.) Dweller at the Rose- Grove [O.'E. rosen (fi^^.) + grdf] ROSEVEAR(E (Celt.) Bel. to Rosvear (Corn- wall) = the Big Heath [Corn, rds (= Wei. rhos), a heath, moor + Corn, -vear, mu- tated form of mear (= Wei. mawr), great] ROSEWARN(E (Celt.) Bel. to Roswarne (Cornwall) = the Alder-Heath [Corn. rSs (= Wei. rhos), a heath, moor + Corn. gwern-en (= Wei. gwem = Bret, guem = Gaul, verti; whence Fr. ver(g)ne), an alder- tree] R08EWELL (Eng.) Dweller at the Roe's Spring (spring frequented by the roe) [a genit. of O.K. rd, a roe -|- wiella a spring, well] There is a Rosewell near Lasswade, CO. Edinburgh. It has been stated that the surname Rosewell is from a French Rosseville : if there is a place with this name in France (I cannot trace it) some Rosewells may quite possibly owe their name to France. On the other hand, as Rosewell is largely a west-country surname, it may possibly also represent a Cornish local name, from Corn, rds, a heath, and either whdl, a work or mine, or g)wSl, a field. See Rosweli, Roswald. ROSEWORTHY (Celt.) Bel. to Roseworthy (Cornwall) [Corn, rds, a heath -1- (app.) g)wartha, higher, upper] ROSHER I for Rusher, q.v. 2 for Rossep, q.v. ROSKELLl (Scand.) i the O.Scand. pers. ROSKILL J name Hros{s)kel [O.N. hross, a horse + -kel for ketel or Ixtill, a sacrificial cauldron] 2 Bel. to Rosgill (Westmld.), 13th cent. Rasegille = (the) Roe's Ravine [a late genit. of O.N. rd, a roe (often used as a pers. name) -f- gil, a ravine] ROSKELLY 1 (Celt.) Bel. to Roskilly (Corn- ROSKILLY / wall) [Corn, rrfj, a heath -)- kelly, killy (= Wei. celli), a grove] ROSLIN (Fr.)the French Rosselin — 1 a double dim. f. Fr. Rosse [O.Fr. ros, Lat. russ-us, red ; with the Fr. double dim. suff. -el-in\ 2 a double dim. f. an O.Teut. Ros{s-, Hrosis- name (as Roswalt, Hros{s)wald, Hrosls)kel, etc. : v. RoskellS Roswald) [O.H.Ger. ros (mod. ross) = O.Sax. hross = Dut. ros = O.N. hross ( = O.E. hors), a horse ; with the Fr. double dim. -el-in] The forms in the i3th-cent. Hundred- Rolls are Roscelin and Rocelin. (Celt.) Bel. to Roslin (Edinb.), 13th cent. Roskelyn=t'iie Holly- Wood Moor [Cym. rQi)os, a moor -f- celyn, a holly-wood] ROSLING = Roslin (q.v.), with added E. -g. \ (Teut.) Horse -Protection ROSMAN ROSMUND ROSOMAN(D ROSAMUND ) [O.Teut. . Hrosmund, Roswund — O.H.Ger. ros (mod. ross) = O.Sax. hross = O.N. hross ( = O.^.hors), a horse -f O.H.Ger. munt {mod., mund) = O.Sax. mund = O.N. mund (= O.E. mund), hand, protection, protector ; although mund is a fern, noun it was sometimes used for male names, as in the case of Eddmund] Ross 124 Roulston ROSS (Celt.) Bel. to Ross ; or Dweller at a Promontory or Peninsula [Gael, ros — It. ros, M.Ir. roijfN.Irel., a promontory or peninsula; S.Irel., a wood): cp. Wei. rhos, a moor, and Corn, rds, a heath] An ros Muileach (the promontory of Mull). ROSSALL "I (Eng. or Scand.) Bel. to Rossall ROSSELL J ( N.Lancs ), 13th cent. Roshal, iRoshale, T>omesAay Rushale [Without pre- Conquest forms nothing definite can be said as to the origin of this name : the first element may be O.N. hross, a horse, in which case the secohd would prob. be O.N. haU-r, a slope; or the first theme m^y represent a genit. of O.E. rd, a roe, which, if used as a pers. name, would make the second element O.N.E. hall, a hall, when otherwise it might be a weak form of either O.N.E. halh,iL corner, nook, or O.N.E. hald, a slope] (A.-Fr.-Lat.) the French Rossel, a dim. f. Rosse [O.Fr. ros, Lat. russ-us, red; with the Fr. dim. suff. -el, Lat. -ell-us"] Cp. Russell. ROSSBOTTOM, v. Rosbottom. ROSSER (Celt.) seems to represent the Wei. rhyswr = Champion, Combatant [v. under Rhys ; and for a similar vowel- change cp. Prothepo and v. Rhydderch] ROSSINGROVE for Rosengrove, q.v. ROSSITER. Bel. to i Wroxeter (Salop), the A. - Sax. *Wredcen-ceaster (cp. A.-Sax. Wredcen-sete, i.e. the seittlers in the Wre- kin area), the first element of which is due to the Latin name Uriconium, Uiroco- nium, Urioconium, etc. [O.E. ceaster, a Roman city — Lat. castra, a camp: the first element is doubtful (see Rhys, ' Celt. Brit.,' ed. 1908, p. 324.] 2 Rocester ( Staffs ), the Domesday Rowecestre, i2tli cent. Roffecestre, 13th cent. Rawecestre [O.E. ceaster, a Roman city : the first element is. doubtful — poss. O.E. rtih (M.E. row, etc.), rough, waste, wild] ROSTHERN(E, v. Rawsthorn(e. ROSTRON, a metathesized form of Raws- torn, Rawsthopn, q.v. ROSWALD (Teut.) Horse-Might [O.Teut. Roswalt, Hros{s)wald,, etc. — O.H.Ger. ros (mod. ross) = O.Sax. hross = O.N. hross (= O.E. hors), a horse -1- O.H.Ger. gi)'a)alt = O.Sax. gi):wald == O.N. uald (= O.E. ge)w{e)ald), might, power] Bare him a son, which was his heir. Whose name was called Roswall.-^ Roswall and Lillian, 1 2- 13. 2 for Rosewell, q.v. ROTHERAM l(Eng.) Bel. to Rotherham ROTHERHAM;(Yorks), the Domesday Ro- dreha' = the Land. by the R. Rother [O.E. ham{m, a piece of land, enclosure : the river-name may be from the early form of Wei. rhuthr, a rushing— rA«ttw, to rush] doTucdSc 1 (A.-Celt.) Anglicizations of the ROTHERY J ^^'- Rhydderch : vJRhydderoh. ROTHERY (Eng.) Dweller at the Cattle- Island or -Waterside [O.E. hreS\per, an ox, bull, cow + i{e)g, waterside] ROTHSCHILD (Ger.) Red Shield: see the Appendix of Foreign Names. ROTHWELL (Scand.) Bel. to Rothwell = I the Red Spring [O.N. rau)p-r (= Ger. roth), red + uell, a spring, well] 2 the Red Field [O.N. rau^r, red -|- aoW-r, a field] The Yorks Rothwell was Rodouuelle and Rodeuuelle in Domesday-Book. There is a famous spring at the Northants Rothwell. The Lines Rothwell was Rothewelle in the 13th cent. ROUGH, a var. of Roche, q.v. ROUGHLEY (Eng.) Bel. to Roughley or Roughlee ; or Dweller at the Rough Lea [O.E. nth, rough, wild -|- ledh, a lea] The Lane. Roughlee was Rughelegh A.D. 1323. ROUGHSEDGE "1 (Eng.) Dweller at the Rough ROUGHSICH [Ditch or Watercourse [O.E. nih + ifc (=O.N. sik(i] There is a Rough Sike in Cumberland. ROUGHTON (Eng.) Bel. to Roughton. (Norf. : 14th cent. Roughton ; Lines, etc.) = i the Rough Enclosure [O.E. ruh, rough, wild, uncultivated -t- tin, enclosure] 2 Hr6ca's Estate rA.-Sax. *Hr6can- ttin — Hrdcan-, genit. ol Hrdca, f. hric, a rook : 1- tAn, estate, etc.] At Roughton, Norfolk, a considerable portion of the land is (or was) heath. ROULSTON (Eng.) Bel. to Roulston or Rol- leston : v. Rolieston. Roulston, Lines, is also known, as Rowston, Round 125 Rowlandson ROUND (A.-Fr^Lat.) Rotund, Plump [M.E. rounde, O.Fr. roond (Fr. rond), Lat. rotund- us\ In France, this name usually has a dim. Stiff., as in Rondeau (for earlier Rondel), Roniiet, Rondelet, etc. (Scand.) (occ.) for Rowan (q.v.), with intrus. -d. ROUNDHAY (Fr. + Eng.) Bel. to Roundhay ; or Dweller at the Round En<;losure [M.E. rounde, O.Fr. roond (Fr. rond),' Lat. rotund-US + M.E. haye, O.E. hag; a field, meadow] The great Roundhay Park, near Leeds (a.d. 1322 La Roundhaye), was formerly " enclosed within a circular pale." ROUNTREE (Scand.) Dweller at a Rowan- Tree [v. under Rowan', and + O.N. tre, a tree] ROURKE, V. O'Rourke. ROUS I (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Red, Red - Haired ROUSE I [M.E. A.-Fr. rous{e, O.Fr. rous (Fr. roux -sse, Prov. ros), Lat. russ-us, red] , Jordan le Rous. — Cal Ing. P.M. Juliana la Rouse. — Hund. Rolls. In Malory we find the name with pre- fixed 'de la' — My lordes name is the duke de la Rouse. — Morte d' Arthur, VII. xxxii. My name is, said he, the duke de la Rowse.—Idem, VII. xxxiv. This name was usually Latinized Rufus. Cp. Russ, Russell. ROUSBY (Scand.) Bel. to Rousby (Yorks), the Domesday Rozebi = RA's, Estate [a genjt. of O.N. rd (Dan.-Norw. raa — aa as aw), a roe (used as a pers. name) -|r hy-r, estate, farm, etc.] ROUTH (Scand.) i Bel. to Routh (Yorks), the Domesday Rute, Rutha = the Clearing [O.N. ru\, a clearing] Cp. Royd. 2 Red, Red-Haired [O.N. rau^-r, red] ROUTLEDGE (Eng.) Bel. to Routledge fCumb.) = the Red Lache or Pool O.E. redd, red (the form Rout- has been influenced by O.N. raulp-r, red) ; and v. under Lach(e and Leech''] ROW "I (Eng.) Dweller at the Row (of dwel- ROWEJlings, hedge-row, etc.) [M.E. rowe, O.E. rckw, a row, nedge-row] Richard del Rowe. — Chesh. Chmbrlns.' Accts., A.D. 1350-1. Henry del Rowe. — Lane. Fines, A.D. 1434. (A.-Fr.-Teut.) I contr. of Rowland, Roland, q.v. (occ.) 2 for the O.French Roil (seen in Wace's ' Roman de Rou '). a contr. of Rolf, Rodolf, q.v. (Celt.) Red, Red - Haired [Ir. and Gael, ruadh {dh mute), red] There has naturally been some late confusion with Roe, q.v. ROWAN (Celt.) Red, Red-Haired [Ir. and Gael. Ruadhan {dh mute) — ruadh, red -|- the dim. sufT. -dn} (Scand.) Dweller at the Rowan-Tree (Mountain-Ash) [Dial. Norw. raM« = Dan.- Norw. rdn{ne = O.N. reyni-rl ROWAN D = Rowan (q,v.) with common post-» -d. ROWAT l the French Rouat (v. under Row(e ROWATT J — A.-Fr.-Teut.»), a double dim. of Rolf, Rodolf, q.v. [Fr. dim. suff. -at] ROWBOTHAM ] ROWBOTHOM ROWBOTTOM = Robotham, Robottom, q.v. ROWOLIFFE = Rawoliffe, q.v. ROWDEN = Roden, q.v. There are places of this name in Lei- cester, Hereford, etc. ROWE, V. Row. ROWELL "1 (Eng.) Dweller at the Roe-Spring, ROWLL J i.e. a spring or well frequented by roes [O.E. rd, a roe + w(i)ella, a spring] The Glouc. Rowell is also called Roel. (A.-Fr.-Teut.) I the French Rouel (v. under Row(e — A.-Fr.-Teut.'), a double dim. of Rolf, Rodolf, q.v. [Fr. dim, suff. -el] 2 for the French Raoiil = Ralph, Ralf, q.v. Death hes tane Rowll of Abirdene And gentill Rowll of Corstorphyn ; Two bettir fallowis did no man sie. — Dunbar, Lament for the Death of the Makkaris. ROWEN for Rowan, q.v. ROWETT, the French Rouet (v. under Row(e — A.-Fr.-Teut.»), a double dim. of Rolf, Rodolf, q.v. - [Er. dim. suff. -et\ ROWLAND = Roland, q.v. This form arises directly from the 13th- cent. A.-Fr. Rouland, which is a present- day French surname. ROWLANDS, Rowland's (Son) 1 „ , ^ ROWLANDSON, Rowland's Son / ^-Ro'and. 126 Rowlatt Roydon rowlettI ''"^- °^ R°"at(t' Ro"et(t, q.v. Roulat is now rather rare in France ; but Roulet (and Roullet) and Roulot are fairly common. ROWLES, a var. of Rolles, q.v. ROWLEY (Eng.) Bel. to Rowley = i the Rough Lea [M.E. rou, rowi etc., O.E. rAh, roiigh, wild + M.E. ley, etc., O.E. ledh, a meadow] 2 the Roe-Lea [M.E.w, O.E. rd, a roe + M.E. ley, etc., O.E. ledh, a meadow] The Staffs Rowley was Rueleg, Route, in the I2th and 13th cent. The Yorks place was ^ow/e;' in the 14th cent. The Lanes Rowley was Roley in the i6th cent. ROWLING, a var. of Rolling for Rollin, q.v. Roulin (also Roulliri) is nbt imcommon in Northern France. Cp. Rawlin(g. ROWLINGS, Rowling's (Son) "1 v. ROWLINGSON, Rowling's Son J' Rowling. Rowlingson is, however, sporadically for Rowlandson, q.v. ROWLINSON I for Rowlandson, q.v. 2 a var. of Rolllnson, q.v. ROWNEY (Celt.) for Rooney, q.v. (Scand.) Dweller at the Rowan-Tree Island or Waterside [v. under Rowan', and + O.N. ey, island, etc.] ROWNSON I Round's Son : v., Round. 2 for Rowlandson, q.v. ROWNTREE (Scand.) Dweller at a Rowan- Tree [v. under Rowan', and + O.N. tre'] This is especially a Yorkshire surname. Cp. Rountree. ROW3E = Rou8(e, q.v. ROWSEL ) rowsell! Russel(l, q.v. Broom ; Rowton Heath, Cheshire, is a famous battlefield. 2 the Roe-Enclosure [M.E. ro, O.E. rd, a roe -f- tin] . ROXBU RG H i (Eng.) Bel. to Roxburgh, 12th ROXBROUGH (cent. Rokisburc, Rochesburh, later Rgkhburgh; O.E. *Hr6ces-burh = Hr6c's Stronghold [the genit. of O.E. hrdc, a rook (used as a pers. name) + hurti, a fortified placfe] ROXBY (Scand.) Bel. to Roxby (Yorks», Lines) = Hr6k's Estate [the genit. of O.N. hrdk-r, a rook (used as a pers. name) + b^-r, farm, estate] In the 17th and i8th cent, this surname was often spelt Roxbee. , ROXETH (Eng.) Bel. to Roxeth (M'sex), a.d. 84s Hrdces sed^as Cset Hrdces sed^um ') — Hr6c'S' Pits or Springs [the genit. of O.E. hrdc, a root (used as a pers. name) ' + the pi. of O.E. sed^, a pit, pool, spring, etc.] ROXTON (Eng.) Bel. to Roxton = Hr6c's Estate [the genit. of O.E. krSc, a rook (used as a pers. name) + tiin, estate, etc.] ROY (A.-Fr.-Lat.) King (a nickname and pageant-name) [Fr. rot, O.Fr. rei, hat. rex, regis, a king] In to the ring of the Roy Robert, The first king of the gud Stewart. — Roy Robert, 1-2. (Celt.) Red, Red-Haired [Ir. and Gael. ruadh {dh mute), red] ROYAN (Celt.) Red, Red-Haired [Ir. and Gael, ruadh (dh mute), red + the dim. suff. -dn] ROWSON, Row's Son : v. Row (A.-Fr.-Teut.) There has prob. been some confusion with Rawson, q.v. ROWTON (Eng.) Bel. to Rowton = 'i the Rough Enclosure [M.E. rou, row(e, rugh{e, etc., O.E. rtih, rough, wild 4- tun, ' enclosure, etc.] The Yorks Rowton was Rugheton and Rugetonin Domesday- Book. "The Shrop- shire places were Roweton and Ronton in the 13th cent. The topography of some of the Rowtons makes the connexion with a state of uncultivation clear : thus one of the Shropshire Rowtons is united to 2 a fem. name Royse (and Roysia) occurs in our 13th and 14th cent, records: this seems to be the O.French Roese, Rohais, etc.. Latinized Roesia, Roisia, etc.] R0YCR0FT}f-RV-°«'1-- ROYD (Scand.) Dweller at a Clearing [O.N. rid]?-r, a forest-clearing] Cp. Routh>. ROYDEN (Eng.) for Roydon, Rydon, q.v. ROYDHOUSE (Scand.) Dweller at the Clear- iNG-HousE [v. under Royd, and + O.N. hiisl ROYDON (Eng.) Bel. to Roydon = the Rye- Hill [O.E. ryge = O.N. riig-r, rye + O.E. Mn, a hill] It is app. one of the Norfolk Roydons which occurs as RygedAn in Bishop /Elfric's will, a.d. 1037. Royds 127 ROYDS, pi. (and genit.) of Royd, q.v. ROYFFE, a form of Rolf, q.v. ROYLANCE for Rylands, q.v. ROYLE 1 V. Ryle. 2 (occ.) a North, dial, form of Roll(e, ROYLES, genit., and pi, of Royle, q.v. ROYS(E, V. Royoe. ROYSTON (Eng.) i Bel. to Royston (Herts) = Royse's or Roisia's Town [v. under Royoe', and + M.E. -ton, O.E. tan] Royston, Herts : Its present name is derived from Roisia de Vere, Countess of Norfolk, by whom a cross was set up, and near which" an Austin priory was founded in Henry H's time . . . which led to the erection of houses ; and the place acquired the appellation of Royse's TiyOm or Royston. —Nat. Gaz. 1868.' In mediaeval deeds the Herts place- name was Latinized Roissice Oppidum. 2 Bel. to Royston (Yorks). According to Turner's ' Yorkshire Doraesday-Book ' this is the Domesday Rorestun and Rores- tone [the pers. name involved (in the genit.) may be any one of the A. -Sax. names Hrfffw{e)ard, Hro^h{e)ard, HrS'pgdr, etc. ; or even the O.E. hrdr, vigprous, strong, if it could be shown that this word was used in pers. nomenclature: — + O.E. tAn, estate, farm, etc.] ROYTON (Eng.) Bel. to Royton (Lanes : rsth and 14th cent. Ryton; Essex, etc.) = the Rye-Enclosure [O.E. ryge = O.N. rug-r, rye -f- O.E. tun, enclosure, etc.] RUBBATHAM for Robotham, qlv. RUBEN = Reuben, q.v. [cp. Ger. Ruben} Than Ruben cam thider a-gen. — 13th cent. metr. vers. oiGen.axiA,Bx., 1959. RUBENS I Ruben's (Son) : v. Ruben. Oft ist noch die Genetivform geblie- ben . . . Jakobs, Peters, Rubens. — Bahnisch, Die deutschen Personennamen, 1910, p. 21. (rarely) 2 Red, Reddish [Lat. rubens] RUBERY \ (Eng.)Bel.toRowberrow(Soms.), RU BERRY J i6th cent. Rouberow = the Rough Hill [M.E. rou, row{e, O.E. nih, rough, wild -f- M.E. bergh(e, berwe,etc., O.E.beorg, a hill] RUCK for Rook, q.v. William le Rxik.—Hund. Rolls. Rudkins RUCKLEDGE, a gutturalized form of Rout- . ledge, q.v. RUDALUfor Rudhall, q.v. RUD(D (Teut.) i Red, Ruddy [O.N. r/rfji-r (Dan.-Norw. rod) = O.E. redd (cp, O.E. rudu, red colour] 2 a dim. of Rudolf = Rodolf, q.v. Walter Rui.—Hund. Rolls. There may have been some confusion with Rood, q.v. ^1JSSle'-1^-R"«^'^-"'-r), a clearing] Rudland Moor is in Yorkshire. 2 the O.Teut. pers. name Hruodlant, Hrd^land, etc. (mod. Ger. Rudland) : v. under Roland. RUDMAN = Rucl(d, q.v., + man. RUDOLF RUDOLPH V. Rodolf. RUDSTON 1 (Eng. or Scand.) Bel. to Rud- RUDSTONE/ston(e (Yorks)^ the Domesday Rodestan and Rodestein [The name is app. due to a large ancient stone pillar, nearly 30 feet high, which is (or was) preserved in the churchyard. The first element is either O E. rdd = O.N. rd^a, a rood, cruci- fix, or O.E. redd = O.N. riffp-r, red + O.E. stdn = O.N. steinn, a stone] RUDYARD (Eng.) Bel. to Rudyard (Staffs), the Domesday Rudierd, Ia.d. 1004 Rudegeard [the second element is O.E. geard, a yard, enclosure : the first may represent O.E. nide, the rue-plant, an A.-Sax. pers. name Ruda, or O.E. redd (O.E. rudu, red colour), red] RUFF I the French Ruf, Ruffe = the Red, Red-Haired [Lat. ruf-us] 2 an assim. form of Rolf, Rodolf, q.v. RUFFELL"! (A.-Fr.-LatJ the French Ruffel = RUFFLE /the Red, Red-Haired [ f. Lat. ruf-us, red -I- the Fr. dim. suff. -el, Lat. ■ell-us] RUFFIN (A..Fr.-Lat.) the French i?Mi?;«, Rufin, Latin Ruf(f)in-us=the Red, Red- Haired [f. Lat. ruf-us, red, with the suff. -in-usl Rujinus was the name of one of Theo- dosius's generals. RUFFORD (Eng.) Bel. to Rufford = the Rough Ford [O.E. nih, rough + ford] The Lancashire Rufford was R(o)ugh- ford in the 14th cent. The Yorkshire Rufforth is the Domesday Ruford. RUFSEDGE = Roughsedge,q.v. RUFUS (Lat.) Red, Red-Haired [Lat. ruf us, red] Rufus was a common Roman name, and it had derivatives like Rufinus and Ru- finianus ; while the geminated forms ^w^iw and Ruffinus (showing shortened u) also occur. Both Rufus and Ruffus occur in the 13th cent. Hundred-Rolls. RUGBY (Scand. or Eng.) Bel. to Rugby, the Domesday Rocheberie, 13th and 14th cent. ( and later ) Rokeby, iSth cent. Rukby [The absence of pre-Domesday forms makes this name difficult : the Domesday -berie usually represents O.E. be(fi)rh, a hill, and Rugby is "on high f round " ; but the cotisistent post-Domes- ay occurrence of -by, together with the contiguity of other -by names, makes it probable that the second element was orig. the O.N. hy-r, a farm, estate, etc. ; the first element doubtless being the O.N. hrdk-r (= O.E. hrSc), a rook, used as a pers. name: cp. the Yorks Rokeby, the Domesday Rochebi (v. Rokeby). As late as the reign of Elizabeth the Warwick- shire name was written Rokeby, so that the voicing of fe to ^ (due to the influence of the following voiced letter b) is compara- tively recent] RUGELEY (Eng.) Bel. to Rugeley (Staffs), 13th cent. Ruggeley, the Domesday Rkgelei = the Ridge-Lea [M.E. rugge, O.E. hrycg 4- M.E. ley, O.E. ledh] "The manor was formerly held by the Rudgeleys " ; and the natives' pronuncia- tion is ' Ridgeley." RUGG (Scand.) Dweller at a Ridge [O.N. hrygg-r, a ridge] Cp. Rudge. RULE (Eng.) Bel. to Rule (Staffs), 13th cent. Rewel(e, Rewell, Rewyl, Ruwel, 12th cent. Ruwell [the second element is app. M.E. well(e, etc., O.E. wielUfl, a spring, well ; the first element seems more likely to be M.E. rew(e, O.E. r(kw, a hedgerow, than M.E. row{e, rugh, O.E. nih, rough] (A.-Fr.-Teut.) for the French Raoul : v. Rawie, Ralph. RUMBLE^} ^- ^»^^o\6, Rumbald. RUMBELOW (Eng.) a nickname fora Sailor, from an old mariners' cry [perh. = Room Below I — somewhat equiv. to the modern ' Look out below ! ' a cry used to warn those in the hold of a vessel while she is being loaded] RUWIBOLDI (Eng. ) Magnificently Bold RUMBALD / [A.-Sax. Rumbold, Rumb{e)ald — rum, bountiful, noble, magnificent + -bold, b(e)ald, bold] (Teut.) Famously or Gloriously Bold [O.Teut. Hr{u)ombald, Ruombald, etc. — O.H.Ger. hruom, ruom = O.Sax. hrihn = Dut. roem, fame, glory -f O.H.Ger. O.Sax. O.E. bald = Dut. boud = O.N. ball-r, „ ' bold] Both Rumbald and Rumbold occur in the i3th-cent. Hundred-Rolls. RumboH 129 Rush There is evidence (e.g., a.d. 1545, "Robert Rumbold, alias Reynbald." — Blomefield, Hist. Nor/., v. 90, quoted by Bardsley) of some confusion witii the descendants of the O.Teut. Regetibald, Regiribald, Raginbald-.v-vrnder Rambau(l)t, Rainbow. RUMBOLL, V. Rumbold. RUMFITT for Rumfopd, q.v. RUM FORD (Eng.) Bel. to Romford (Essex) = (prob.) the Wide Ford [O.E. rum, wide + ford] Romford is prbn. 'Rumford.' The name, Rom, of the stream at Romford is modern and taken from the place-name. The ford has long been replaced by a bridge. The hamlet Rumford in co. Stirling does not seem to have influenced our pers. nomenclature. RUMLEY for Romilly, q.v. RUMMELOW for Rumbelbw, q.v. RUMMINGER (Eng. + Fr.) Stevedore [Early Mod. E. ro»ia.gB>- (Hakluyt) ; f. M.E. roum (O.E. rUm), room, space, with Fr. suff. -age, Lat. -atic-us: the surname has an inserted « as in 'messenger'] RUM(M)ON ] ( Teut. ) weak forms of the RUM(M)AN \O.T&it. Hruodmund, Hrdpmund, RUM(M)EN J etc. (v. Rodmund) ; prob. more particularly descendants of the O.N. Romund-r for /f>-ol'»zM»rf-r(forloss of final -d cp. Oman). (A.-Fr.-Lat.) occ. for Roma(i)n, q.v. RUIVI(M)ONS"| Rum(m)on's ( Son ) : Rum- RUM(M)ANS kM)AN'S (Son): Rum(m)en's RUM(M)ENsJ (Son). RUMNEY, v. Romney. RUMP (Teut.) a nickname for a stumpy per- son fM.E. rumpe (occurring in this form as a surname in the i3th-cent. Hundred- Rolls and othei" records) ; L.Ger. rump = O.N. rump-r (whence Dan.-Norw. rumpe, Swed. rumpia) = Dut. romp (= Mod. High Ger. runipf) : one of the definitions of ' rump ' in Geelmuyden's ' Engelsk Ordbog ' (Christiania) is stump'] RUMSEY, V. Romsey. RUNACRES (Scand.) Dweller at i the Bush- Fields [O.N-. runn-r, a bush, shrub -|- akr (= O.E. eecer), a field (with late (Eng.) pi. -s] 2 the Rowan-Tree Fields [Dan.- Norw. ronne = Swed. ronn (earlier runn), O.N. reyni-r, the rowan-tree] There is a Renacres (Hall) in Lancashire which occurs in the I3th-r4th centuries as Runacres, Ruynacres, Roynacres, Rowyn- acres, etc., and in the i6th cent, as Reynacre. Confused with Ranacrelwulf, king of the West Saxons, re- fers to Ruishton, Somerset. RUSHWORTH (Eng.) Bel. to Rushworth = the Rushy Enclosure [O.E. rysc, a rush -I- wor^, an enclosure, farm] Cp. Rishworth. RUSK (Scand.) Doughty, Bravk Active [O.N. rosh-r = O.H.Ger. rosch'\ RUSKELL for Roskell, q.v. RUSKIE 1 (Celt.) Dweller at a Marshy Place RUSKY J [Gael, riascach = Ir. riascach, ricts- gach,, rusgach, marshy, a marshy place] Ruskie is the name of a Perthshire village. ' RUSKIN I = RU88, Rous (q.v.) + the L.Ger; dim. suff. -kin [O.L.Ger. -k-in\ 2 — Rusk (q.v.) 4- the Fr. dim. suff. -in. RUSLING for Ro8lin(g, q.v. RUSS = Rous, q.v. John le Rus.—Hund. Rolls. Gilbert Kuss.—Hund. Rolls. RUSSEL l ( A.-Fr.-Lat. ) the Red, Red- RUSSELL ^ Haired [A.-Fr. russelQ, O.Fr. RUSSILL J roussel ■ v. under Russ, Rous, and -f the Fr. . dim. suff. -el : cp. Fr. rousseau, m., rousselle, i.i red-haired] Both Russel and Russell occur in the i3th-cent. Hundred-Rolls. Russel(l was an old name for the fox, from its colour — And Daun Russell, the fox, stirtie up at ones. — Chaucer, Cant. Tales, B 4524. The Russells, and the Fresells [Frasers] fre. — Thomas of Ersyldoune, ii. 24. RUSSET (A.-Fr.-Lat.) the Red, Red-Haired [A.-Fr. russet, O.Fr. rousset: v. under Russ. Rous, and -f- the Fr. dim. suff. -et : cp. Russel (I] Although Rousset is a common surname in France, Russet is practically extinct in Britain, largely because it has been assi- milated to Rust. RUST (A.-Fri-Lat.) a monosyllabized form of Russet, q.v. (Teut.) There is evidence (cp. the A.-Sax. place-names Rustingden, Rustewelle, and the Sussex ' Rustington ') that the A.-Sax. and Dan.-Norw. rAst, 'rust,' originally 'red,' 'redness,' was used in nomen- clature (the co-radical llatin word tor ' rust,' robigo or riibigo, was also a deity- name). Peter Rust.— /fani Rolls. RUSTON (Eng. or Scand.) Bel. to Ruston (Yorks ; Norf.) = Rust's Estate [v. under Rust (Teut.), and -t- O.E. O.N. es ys mftra )jonne Salomon. — Matth. Xn. 43 (A.-Sax. vers.). . . 1 s6nu [behold] hier m6ra thanne Salomon. — do. do. (O.H.Ger. vers.) Salomdn the kuning [king]. — Heliand (O.Sax.), 1. 1677. Lif and deaj?, Bej(> Salomonj is in tunge honden (Mors et vita in manibus lingue). — Ancren Riwle {'Speche'). . . . he that holdeth hym in verray penitence is blessed, after the sentence of Salomon.— Chaucer, Cant. Tales, I 128. Salomon Judaeus.— faf. Rolls. Richard Saloman. — Hund. Rolls. Cp. Salamon. SALOMONS, Salomon's (Son) \ v. SALOMONSON, Salomon's Son j Salomon. SALSBURY SALSBURRY SALSBERY = Salisbury, q.v. SALT (Eng.) Bel. to Salt (Staffs) [O.E. s{e)alt, salt] The Halen [Wei. halen, salt] referred to in the will, a.d. 1004, of Wulfric, Earl of Mercia, is supposed to be Salt. SALTER (Eng.) Salt Worker or Dealer [M.E. salter(e, O.E. s{e)altere — s{e)alt, salt -f the agent, suff. -ere'\ Sealtere, hwaet us fremaScraeft {"in ? (Salter, of what benefit is thy craft to us?). — jElfrici Colloq., late loth cent. SALTERN (Eng.) Bel. to Saltern ; or Dweller at a Salt-Work [O.E. s{e)alt-em] SALTHOUSE (Ehg.) Dweller at a Salt- House (place where salt was made) [M.E. salthus, O.E. s(e)alt-htis'] SALTMARSH (fing.) Bel. to Saltmarsh ; or Dweller at the Salt (-Watej) Marsh [O.E. s(e)att + mersc] The Yorks place was Saltmerssh in the 14th cent, and Saltemersc in Domesday- Book. SALTON (Eng.) Bel. to Salton = i the Hall- Enclosure [O.E. seel = O.N. sal-r, a hall -I- tAn'\ 2 the Willow-Enclosure [O.E. s(e)alh, a willow + tuti\ The Yorks Salton was Saletun in Domesday-Book. The Haddington Salton was Sawtlton in the 13th cent. There has been some confusion with Saltern, q.v. SALTONSTALL (Eng.) Bel. to Salternstall (Kent), A.D. 863 SealteiHsteall = the Salt- works Place (v. under Saltern, and -|- O.E. st(e)all, a place, a stall] SALUSBURY = Salisbury, q.v. SALVAGE \ etymologically more correct SALVI DG E J forms than the much commoner Savage, q.v. As shepheardes curre,that in darke even- inges shade Hath tracted forth some salvage beastes trade. — Spenser, Faerie Queene, II. vi. 39. SAMBORNE \ (Eng.) Bel. to Sambourne SAMBOURNEJ (Warwick), the Domesday Sandbume; or Dweller at the Sandy Brook [O.E. sand, sand -f hume] SAM BROOK (Eng.) Bel. to Sambrook; or Dweller at the Sandy Brook [O.E. sand- brdc] SAMMELS ± Samuels, q.v. SAMMON\_ e„i„„„ SAMON j^- Salmon. SAMMONDS] SAMMONS ^v. Salmons. SAMONS j SAMPER (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Bel. to St. Pierre (St. Peter), France [v. under Pier] St. Pierre is an exceedingly common French place-name. , SAMPFORD (Eng.) Bel. to Sampford (Devon, Soms., Essex, etc.) = the Sandy Ford ' [O.E. sand, sand -f- ford] One of the Devonshire Sampfords was Sand ford (' aet Sand forda ') in the 10th cent. SAMPLE (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Bel. to St. Paul (France) . ^ [v. Paul] John de St. Paul.— i>aW. Rdls. Si. Paul is a common French place- name. Cp. Sinclair. Samples 135 Sandle V. t Samuel. SAMPLES, Sample's (Son) : v. Sample. SAMSOn'^ } ■ Splendid Sun [Heb. Shimshdii] Samsones strenc)>e, }>et slouh a {>usund of his fon [foes] al et one time. — Ancren Riwle (' Luve '). We find both forms of the name in mediaeval German literature, e.g. Sampson in Hugo von Montfort's i4th-cent. ' Tage- lied,' and Samson in the lath-cent. ' Alex- anderlied ' of the Pfaffen Lamprecht. 2 Sam's Son : v. Samuel. SAMS, Sam's (Son) : v. Samuel. SAMUEL \ (Heb.) Heard of God, or Asked SAMUELL/ofGod [Heb. Sh'miUl, a der. of shdma, to hear + El, God] SAM U ELLS "lc,„„„r.c/Q„„\ 1 SAMUELS ] Samuels (Son) [, SAMUELSON, Samuel's Son SAMWELL for Samuel, q.v. SANBORN I etymologically more correct SAN BURN J forms than Sambopne, q.v. SANCTON (Eng.) Bel. to Sancton (Yorks), 13th cent. Sancton, Domesday Santon, Santun, Santune [O.E. twK.enclosure, village: the first elemept of Sa«cto« seems to refer to the dedication of the church to 'All Saints' — O.E. sand (Lat. sanct-us), saint : the Domesday forms can hardly be for ' sand,' as the soil is loamy] SANDALL\(Eng. or Scand.)' Bel. to Sandal SANDELL J (Yorks», Cumb., etc.) = i the Sandy Valley [O.E. O.N. sand, sand + Q.E. dcBl= O.N. dal-r, a valley] (occ.) 2 the Sandy Slope [O.E. O.N. sand+ O.E. h(e)al(d = O.N. hall-r, a slope] The Yorkshire Sandals odcur in Domes- day Book as Sandala and Sandale. There is also a Sand Dale in Yorkshire. SAN DAY (Scand.) Bel. to Sanday (Scotl.) = the Sandy Island [O.N. sand-r, sand + ey, island] (Eng. and Scand.) v. Sandy. SANDBACH ] (Eng.) Bel. to Sandbach SAN BACH \ (Chesh.) = the Sandy Brook SANDBADGEJ [O.E. sa«rf, sand-f-6«c, brook] Sir Richard de Sandbache. — Chesh. Chnibrlns.' Accls., A.D. 1303-4. SAN DBORN \ etymologically more correct SANDBURNJ forms than Sambo(u)rne, q.v. ante. SANDBROOK, an etymologically more correct form than Sambrook, q.v. ante. SANDELL, V. under Sandall. SAN DEM AN i (Scand.) True Man [O.N. sann-r for san'S-r, wrhence Swed. sann, Dan.-Norw. sand (= E. sooth), true -f- O.N. mann-r} Note the Ger. 5iZ«rfOTfl»«, 'sand-hawker.' 2 for Sanderman, q.v. SANDER I a popular form of Alexander, q.v. Sander seems to have been used from a comparatively early period by the Teu- tons (esp. the Low Germans, incl. the Frisians) as a convenient abbreviation of the Macedonian conqueror's name. " Aleksander, forkortet [shortened] Sander." — Stoylen, Norske Dobenavne {Norweg. Christ. Names], p. 5. 2 the O.Teut. Sandheri [the first element may be either O.Teut. sand, messenger, or sand (O.H.Ger. *sand = Dan.-Norw. sand = O.N. sann-r for san'S-r), sooth, true -f- heri (O.H.Ger. and O.Sax.), army, host] SANDERCOCK = Sander (q.v.) + the pet suff. -cock SANDERMAN (North.) Sander's Man (-Ser- vant) : V. Sander. (Eng.) Ambassador [O.E, .tander-mann] Sander. SANDERS, Sander's (Son) \ SANDERSON, Sander's Son J *• Cp. Saunders, Saunderson. SANDFORD (Eng.) Bel. to Sandford; or Dweller at the Sandy Ford [O.E. sand, sand +fori\ ' On sandford.' — Cart. Sax. no. 967 (Oxfd. Charter), A.D. 956. SANDHAM (Eng.) Dweller at the Sandy Land [O.E. sand, sand + hamm, a piece of latid, encldSurfe] SAN DHOE (Eng.) Bel. to Sandhoe ; or Dweller at the Sand-Bluff [O.E. sand + h6\ SAN DIE (Scot.-Gr.) a double dim.ofAlexander, q.v. [N.E. and Scot. dim. suff. -ie] (Eng. and Scand.) Dweller at the Sandy Island or Waterside [O.E. O.N. sand, sand -f- O.E. ig = O.N. ey, island, etc.] SANDIFORD (Eng.) Dweller at the Sandy Ford [O.E. sandig + ford\ SANDILANDS (Eng.) Dweller at the Sandy Lands [O.E. sandig -\- land ; with mod. pi. ■s] SANDISON, Sandie's Son : v. Sandle'. SANDLE = Sandell, q.v. Sandom 136 5arvent SANDOM for Sandham, q.v. SAN DON (Eng.) Dweller at the Sand-Hill [O.E. sand + diin\ SAN DOW = Sand hoe, q.v. This name is, of course, quite distinct from the imported Slavonic Sandow (w as v). SANDRINGHAM (Eng.) Bel. to Sandringham (Norf.), form. Sanderingham, O.Angl. *Sanderinga-hdm = the HoME OF the Sander Family [v. under Sander, and + -inga, genit. pi. of the fil. suff. -ing + Mm, home, estate] SANDS (Eng.) Dweller at the Sands [O.E. saM, sand] SANDY (A.-Gr.) a double dim. of Alexander, q.v. [E. dim. suff. -y\ (Eng.) Bel. to ' Sandy (Beds), 13th cent. Sandye, Sandeye, Domesday 'in Sandeia' = the Sandy Riparian Land [O.E. sand, sand + (g, island, waterside] SANDYFIRTH (Scand.) Dweller at the Sandy Bay [O.N. sandig, sandy + fior^-r, a firth, bay] SANDYS, Sandy's (Son): v. Sandy'. SANFORD for Sandfopd, q.v. SANGER (Eng.) Singer, Minstrel [O.E. sangere] SANGSTER, the fem. form of Sanger [O.E. sangestre] SAN KEY (Erig.) Bel. to Sankey (Lanes), 12th cent. Sonchi, I3th-I4th cent. Sonky, Sanki [doubtful : perh. the ' Sunk(en Island or Waterside,' f. M.E. sonk(en, sunk — O.E. sincan (pret. sing, sane, pp. suncen), tosink + M.E. ey, O.E. ig, island, etc. : cp. the Yorkshire local name ' Sunk Isle '] SANSBURY, V. Sainsbury. SANSOM 1 , SANSON I for Samson, q.v. sansumJ SANT (A.-Fr.-Lat. and Celt.-Lat.) Saint (a nickname) [O.Fr. sant ; Lat.sanct-us, holy : also Bret, and Wei. sant\ SANTER (A.-Fr.-Lat.) the French Santerfe, Sansterre = Lackland [Fr. sans, Lat. sine, without + Fr. terre, Lat. terra, land] SANTLEY (Eng.) Dweller at the Sandy Lea [O.E. sand, sand + ledh, a lea] (A.-Fr.-Lat) Bel. to St. Leu, i.e. St. Loup gi'rance) [Fr. saint ; Lat. sanctus, holy + ial. Fr, leu = Fr. loup, Lat. lup-us, a wolf) SANTON (Eng.) Bel. to Santon (Norf., Suff., Linc.,Cumb.,etc.) = the Sandy Enclosure [O.E. ^and, sand + tAn, enclosure, etc.] Both the Norf. and Line, places were Santon in the 13th cent. The Sandtdrt of a Kentish charter a.d. 833 js said by Birch (' Cart. Sax.' no. 411) to lie " now Samp- ton in West Hythe." At Santon, Cumb., " drifting sands have covered most of the adjoining lands." SANTONY (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Bel. to St. Antony [v. Ant(h)ony] Antony is a Southern French form of Antoine. SANXTER for Sangster, q.v. SAPSED (Eng.) Dweller at the Spruce-Fir HEAD(land [f. (with late -5 genit.) O.E. sappe, a spruce-fir -|- hedfod, a head, high ground] SAPSFORD (Eng.) Dweller at the Ford of THE Spruck-Fir(s [v. Under Saplsed, and -I- O.E./flreT ge mid land here ge mid scip here, and his micel ofer-hergode. (In this year King iEthelstan went into Scotland, with both a land-army and a fleet, and harried much of it).^- , A.-Sax. Chron. A.D. 933. SCOTNEY. Bel. to Scotney = Scota's Is- land (or Waterside) [A. Sax. *Scotanlg —Scotan-, genit. oi Scota (either f. O.N.E. and 0.^ast.'E,.ge)scot, arrow, shot, scot (as in scot-frio), or (more likely) the Celt, name : v. Scott) -t- Hf)g, island, etc.] Scotney Castle, SiisSex, is said to have been built by and named from Walter de Scoteni. Several persons named de Scoteni, de Scbteney, or de Scotenye are mentioned in the Lincolnshire Hundred- Rolls ; and the spot prob. existed in that county or bordering ones. SCOTSON, (the) Scot's Son : v. under Scott. SCOTT (A.-Celt.) orig. Irishman; later Scotchman [O.E. Scottas (pi.), Irish ; later Scotch ; Lat. Scott (first appearing in the 4th cent, in Amm. Marcellinus,'who fought in Gaul). The etymology has, of course, been much discussed ; but it is al- most certain that Isidore of Seville was right in saying (6th cent.) that the Scotti were so named from their habit of what we now call tattooing the body, in which case the connexion is evidently with E.Irish scoth-aim (mod. Ir. sgath-aim), I cut, lop, Gael, sgath, to cut, lop, and Wei. ysgwthr, a cutting or carving, a lop ; cog- nate with Gr. skhdzo {rfe Scottas c6mon t6 ^Ifrede cyninge on ^num batebtitan c&lcum ger6J^ rum of Hibernia. (And three Scots came to King .Alfred in a boat, without any oars, from Ireland). — A.-Saxon Chron., A-D. 891. Scotta le^da, and scip fiotan, fcfege fe6llon. (The soldiers of the Scots, and the ship- men, doomed fell). — 'Song of Brunanburh,' 11-12 ; A.-Sax. Chron., A.D. 937. Mid Scottum ic waes, and mid Peohtura (With the Scots I was, and with the Victs). —WidsfS (The Traveller), 159. Mil o vluydyned oed oet Crist pan diffeithuyt Dulyn y gan yr Yscoteit. (1000 was the year of Christ when Dubhn was laid waste by the Scots). — Bruty Tywysogion, A.D. 1000. Scot was used by Chaucer as a horse- name — This Reve sat upon a ful goodstot, r ■ That was al pomely grey and highte Scot. — Prol. Cant. Tales, 615-16. Noe, Douglas, quoth Erie Percy then. Thy proffer I doe scorne ; I will not yeelde to any 5w« That ever yett was borne.-'ChevyChase' (more modern ballad), 153-6; Percy's Reliques. Scotten 142 Scrosie Scot le Garzun. — Patent Rolls, A.D.123S. Roger le Scot. — Hund. Rolls, A.D. 1274. Adam Skotte [a relic of the O.N. spell- ing Skotar, Scots].— Yorks Poll-Tax, A.D. 1379. SCOTTEN . Bel to Scotton (Lines : 13th SCOTTON J cent. Scotton(e; Yorks' : Domes- day Scottune, ScOtone, Scottine) [v. under Sootney, and -|- O.E. or O.N. t^n, farm- stead, estate ; but the possibility of one or more of the place-names representing (as to the first demerit) the O.N. skdg'T, a wood, cannot be excluded] SCOTTS, Scott's (Son) : v. Soott. SCOULER "1 SCOULLAR r°'^ Soholer, Schollar, q.v. SCOVELL \ ('A,-Fr.) Bel. to Escoville (Calva- SCOVI L aos,NormJ [the first element may SCOVILL be the O.Fr. Escot, a Scot : Escot SCOVILLE J is a French surname (v. Scott) -f- Fr. ville, Lat. villa, a farm, estate] But the spelling Escoldivilla, a.d. i 109, hardly bears out the suggested etymology. SCOWCROFT (Scand. + Eng.) Bel. to Scow- croft (S.Lancs), 14th cent. Scoleeroft = the Hut- or Shed-Croft £v. under Scholefield, and -|- M.E. O.E. croft, a small field] In 1689-go members of the same family at Haugh, Lanes, were called Scowcroft and Scoleeroft. Cp. Schoolcraft. SCOWLE, V. Skull. SCRAFTON (Eng.) Bel. to Scrafton (Yorks), the Domesday Scraftun = the Cave- or Den-Enclosure [O.E. scraf + ttin\ SCRAGG (Scand.) a nickname for a Thin, Bony Person [Dial. E. scrag: cp. Dial. Swed. skraka, a scraggy person ; and O.N. skroggslig-r, scraggy] Cp. Soroggie. SCRAGGS, Scragg's (Son) : v. Scpagg. l§RAT§HERS}f-Scatchard,q.v. SCRATON ] App. merely assim. forms of SCRATTON V Scrafton, q.v. If, however, SCREATQN J ' Scrat(t)on' were really a dis- tinct place-name the first element might be that seen in ' Scratby ' (Norfolk), which one could have considered to be referable to a pers. name or nickname from O.N. skratti, ' wizard,' ' magician,' if it did not apparently occur as ScroMteftj in an iith- cent. land-grant ('Cart, Sax.' no. 1017). SCRIBEN ] SCRIBENER \ ■■ SCRIBNER J Scrlven, Scrivener, q.v SCRIBENS = Scrivens, q.v. SCRIMGEOUR \ SCRIMIGER SCRIMMENGER SCRIMMERGErL= Skrimshire, q.v. SCRIMSHAW [ SCRYMGEOUR SCRYMIGER / SCRIPPS, a form (with prefixed S-) of Cripps for Crisp, q.v. In the Cambridgeshire Hundred-Rolls the same person is referred to as Scrips and Scrisp. SCRIPTOR (Lat.) Writer, Clerk, Secre- tary, Author [Lat. scriptor] William Scriptor. — Hund. Rolls. SCRIPTURE for Scriptor, q.v. SCRIVEN ] (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Scribe, Public SCRIVENER Writer,Clerk [M.E. scrivein, SCRIVENOR J scriveyn, scrivayn, etc. (the sur- name ' Scrivener,' etc., is a later form with the agent, suff. -er), O.Fr. escrivain (Fr. icfivaiti), L.Lat. scriban-us, f. Lat. scriba, a scribe] Margaret Scrivein. — Hund. Rolls, A.D. 1274. , Johannes Scryvener. — Yorks Poll-Tax, A.D. 1379. Adam Scriveyn, if ever it thee bifalle BcEce or Troylus for to writen newe, Under thy long lokkes thou most have the scalle [scab] But after my making thou write more trewe.— Chaucer's Words unto Adam, his owne Scriveyn. (Eng.) ' Scriven ' is also from the W. Yorks place-name Scriven, Domesday Scravinge, O.Angl. *ScreBfinguin, dat. ,of *Scrafingas = the Scr^ef Family [the pers. name is app. a form of the 0;E. scrceb, m., a bird-name (perh. that of the cormorant) -|- the pi. of the fil. suff. -ing'\ ' William de Skrevyn ' occurs in a Yorkshire record of 1309-10, SCRIVENS, the Scriven's (Son) : v Scriven (A.-Fr.-Lat.) SCROGGIE] (Scand.) i a nickname for a SCROGGY V Scraggy person [v. under SCROGIE J Scragg] 2 Dweller at a Scraggy place, i.e. one covered with stunted undergrowth or brushwood [Scot, and North, and East E. : V. under Scragg] Amang the braes sae scroggie. — Burns, ' My Hoggie,' 8. Scruby 143 Seadon SCRUBY (Scand.) Bel. to Scrooby (Notts), 13th cent. Scrobby, Domesday Scrobye. [O.N. by-r farm, estate : app. the first element is the pers. name, Scropi or iicroppi {Skro(p)pt), seen in the ' Seroppen Jjorpe 'of a Notts charter a.d. 958 ('Cart.fSax.' no. 1044) and noted by Rygh, . ' Gamle [Old] Personnavne ' (p. 226), as occurring in the name of two places in Norway called ' Skroparud ' (Skropa-, • genit. oi Skropt). SCRUTON 1 (N. Eng. or Scand.) Bel. to SCRUTTON J Scruton (N. Yorks), i4th cent. Scruton, the Domesday Scurueton(e= Scurfa's or Skurfa's Farmstead [O.E. O.N. tun, enclosure, farm, etc. : the pers. name is a descriptive nickname for a scurvy individual from either O.N.E. scurf, scruf, or O.West Norse skurfa (Dan.-Norw. skurv), scurf : a Scand. jarl, Scurfa (for Skurfa), is mentioned in the A. - Saxon Chronicle under 911 as being killed in that year : Biprkman ('Nordische Personennamen in England,' p, 124) notes from Finnur Jfinsson the oc- currence of Skurfa as an 0. Scand. nick- name ; and Scutf is enumerated as an O.Dan, name (Nielsen, ' Olddanske Per- sonnavne, p. 85) — so that the place-name is most likely Scandinavian] SCRYlVIGEOUR\_ei,„i„»i,:„„ „„ SCRYMGIOUR } = Sknmah.re, q.v. SCUDAMORE, v. Skidmore. SCULLY (Celt.) the Irish Scolaidhe, Scolaighe [the homophonous -aidhe and -aighe are personal or agential suffs. : the ste,m may be O.Ir. scol = Bret, skol = Wei. ysgol (all from Lat. schola), a school] Scolaigi Ua h-Aedhacain, ri Dartraigi (Scolaighe, grandson of Aedhacan, king of Dartry). — - 1 Annala Uladh {Annals of Ulster), A.D. 946-7. After the English invasion the family of O'ScolaidheoT O' Scolaighe, now Scully, were driven into the county of Tipperary. — O'Donovan, Topog. Poems, p. 25. There seems to have been some con- fusion with Skelly, q.v. SCULTHORPE (Scand.) Bel. to Sculthorpe (Norf.;, 14th cent. Sculthorp [O-N. ]forp, 'an isolated farm,' village : the first element is the O.N. and O.Swed. pers. name Skuli (mod. Norw. Skule), f. a var. of O.N. sk^la, to shelter, protect, Dan.-Norw. skiule, same meaning; cp. Dan.-Norw. shul, a shelter, protection] SCUNTHORPE (Scand.) Bel., to Scunthorpe (Lines) [O.N. ^orp, 'an isolated farm,' village : the first element is the Dan.- Norw. skion = Swed. skdn, beautiful, fair — doubtless used as a pers. name] 8CURR (Scand.) f. the fairly common O.N, pers. name Skorri [prob. a descriptive nickname and conn, with O.N. sHor, a cut, notch, score] SCURRY = Sourr (q.v.) + the E. dim. suff. -y. SCUJT (Scand.) i Swift, Fleet, Quick; Short {O.^. ski6t-r (= O.E. scedi] 2 a nickname from the Hare [Dial. E. scut, a hare; same etymol. as i] William le Scut. — Hund. Rolls, Hugh le Skut.^ , do. Cp. Skeat. SCUTTS, Scutt's (Son) : v. Soutt. 8EABER (Eng. and Scand.) for i the A.-Sax. (fem.) name Sigeburh =i Victorious Stronghold .[O.E. sige, victory 4- burh ({.), a fortified place] 2 the O.Scand. (fera.) name (a) Sigborg = Victorious Stronghold [O.N. sig-r, victory -|- borg (f.), a stronghold] (6) Sigbiorg = Victorious Help [O.N. sig-r + bisrg (f.), help, deliverance] Sigborg is mostly Danish and Swedish ; Sigbiorg (sometimes apocopated to Si^fiibr), Norwegian. Both Seber and Siber are found in the Hundred-Rolls. SEABERT, V. Sebright, noting the cognate Fr.-Teut. Sebert. SEABORN SEABORNE SEABOURN SEABOURNE = Sibopne, q.v. SEABRIGHT=SebPight, q.v. SEABROOK ■|(Eng.) Bel. to Seabrook SEABROOKEJ (Bucks), early 17th cent., Sedbrooke = the Lake-Brook [O.E. jc6,lake, sea-j-6r(Jc, brook] Early spellings are lacking ; but there do not seem to be any grounds for assum- ing here that ' Sea-' is for ' Sheep ' as appears to be the case with Seabridge, Staffs. SEACOMBE (Eng.) Bel. to Seacombe ; or SECCOMBE Dweller at the Sea- or.LAKE- SECOMBE J Combe [O.E. sck, sea, lake-f- cumb (Celt.), valley] Seacombe, Cheshire, was Secoumbe, Secomifi, Secum, a.d. 1301-4. SEADON (Eng.) Dweller at the Hill by the Sea or Lakp [O.E. sds, sea, lake+diin, ' hill] Seafowl 144 Sebrigrht SEAFOWL (Eng. and Scand.) the A.-Sax. pers. name Sdfugel, Sckfugul, O.N. Sidfugl =Sea-Fowl (perh. more specifically the Cormorant) [O.E. sdi = 0.^. si6, sea+O.E. /M^e/, &c. = O.N./«j-/, fowl] SefugM and Sefoul were the 13th- cent. forms. SEAGAR "I SEAGERJ SEAGARS SEAGERS = Segap, Segep, q.v. j =Segars, q.v. SEAGRAVE I (Eng.) Bel. to Seagrave, 13th , SEAGROVEJ cent. Segrave = the Lake- Grove [O.E. sik, lake, s^a.+grdf, grcive] SEAL \ (Eng.) Bel. or Seal ; or Dweller at ot SEALE I by a Hall [O.E. sele, sal, a hall] fela ]>c6ra wses... j)e jiaet win-reced, gest-je/e gyredon, Cp. many of those were... who the wine-house, (the) guest-Aa// prepared. Bedwulf, 1989-92. Sale and Zeal SEALBY=Selby, q.v. SEALER (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Seal-Maker [M.E. seler; i. M.E. O.Fr. seel (Fr. scea«), Lat. sigill-um, a seal] lEAl:r}=s«e'«y'i-^- SEAMAN ] (Eng.) Sailor [O.E. jc6»ia«M (early SEAMEN ^ used as a pers. name), sailor ; also, SEAMON J later, pirate. Viking] Samann occurs in Domesday-Book. Seman is the usual i3th-cent. form. Occasionally this name may represent the A.-Sax. Sdkmund [O.E. sde, sea-|-muHe seli folc reste dede. — ' i^th-cent. metrical vers, of Gen. & Ex., 1986-7. For sely is that deth, soth for to seyne/ That, ofte y-cleped, com'th and endeth peyne 1 — Chaucer, rroi7. & Cris., iv. 503-4. That Nicholas shal shapen hym a wyle This sely, jalous housbonde to bigyle.-^ Chaucer, Cant. Tales, A 3403-4. This man lokede opon me. And leet the plough stonden ; And seyde, ' Sely man, Whi syghest thou so harde' ? — Piers Plowman's Creed, 881-4. The seely man, seeing him ryde so rancke. And ayme at him, fell flat to ground for feare. — Spenser, Faerie Queene, IL iii. 6 SEELMAN, V. Seel, Seal, and -|- E. man. SEER, a palatalized form of Segar, q.v. ; and cp. Sayer. SEERS, SEER's'(Son). SEERY (Celt.) the Irish Saoraidhe [f. (i) Ir. saor, free (2) saor, carpenter ; with the pers. suff. -aidhel SEFTON (Eng. or Scand.) Bel. to Sefton (S.W. Lanes), 14th cent. Sefton, 13th cent. Cefton, Segar 146 Seller Ceffton, Domesday Sextone [The absence of pre-Domesday forms makes an abso- lutely definite pronouncement on the origin of the first element imposs. ; but in all probability it is either the A.-Sax. pars, name Se/ij or its O.N. cognate Sefi-r- O.E. sefa = O.N. sefi, m., mind, heart — or else the O.N. sef, sedge ; the second origin perh. being the more likely from its being topographically suitable. The Domesday spelling is evidently a blunder] SEGAR 1 (Teut.) i the O.N. SAgeir, A.-Sax. SEGER J Sckgdr = Sea-Spear (i.e. Sea-War- rior) [O.N. s(k-r = O.E. si Shepard 154 Sherman SHEPARD SHEPHARD SHEPHE(A)RDJ (Eng.) Shepherd [O.E. scedp-hierde] SHEPHARDSON 1 SHEPHERDSON Uthe) Shepherd's Son: SHEPPERSON J V. Shephe(a)pd. SHEPLEY HEng.) Bel. to Shepley = the SHEPPLEY J Sheep-Lea [O.E. scedp + leak (M.E. Uy\ The Yorks Shepley was Seppeleie and Scipelei in Domesday-Book; Scheplay in the 14th cent. Cp. Shipley. SHEPPARD 1 SHEPPERD ^ = Shephe(a)rd, q.v. SHEPPHERD J SHEPPEY"! (Eng.) Bel. to Sheppey (Kent), SH EPPY J the A.-Sax. Scedp-ig= Sheep-Isle SHEPSTER = Shapster, q.v. . . a shepsteres shere. — Piers Plowman, 8683. SHEPTON (Eng) Bel. to Shepton = the Sheep-Enclosure [O.E. scedp + tHii] Shepton-Mallet, Soms., was so spelt a.d. 1317-18 ; Shepton-Montague, Soms., was Shepton Montagu a.d. 1314-15. Cp. Shipton. SHEPWAY (Eng.) Dweller at a Sheep- Way or -Walk [O.E. scedp + weg] IhIrEr}= Shearer, q.v. SHERARD I the A.-Sax. pers. name Sc(rh(e)ard — Splendidly Brave [O.E. scir, bright, splendid + h{e)ard, hard, brave] 2 a contr. form of Sherwood, q.v. 3 a sibilated form of Gerard, q.v. SHERATON (Eng.) Bel. toSheraton (Durham), 14th cent. Shirveion, Shurveton = Sceorfa's or Scurfa's Estate [f.O.E. sceorf, scurf, scurf (used as a descriptive nickname: cp. ' Sorut(t)on) 4- tun, estate, farm, etc.] SHERBORN \ (Eng.) Bel. to Sherborne, SHERBORNE Sherbourne, or Sherburn = SHERBOURNE the Clear or Bright SHERBURN Stream [O.E. sclr, bright, SHERBURNE ; clear + burne (f.), hurna (m.), a brook] Sherborne, Dorset, occurs frequently in charters of A.-Saxon times, the earliest mention app. being a grant dated a.d. 671 by Coenwealh, king of Wessex, " sedi pontiflcali Scireburnensis" ('Cart. Sax.' no. 26): in King jEifred's Will, as in the Chronicle A.D. 867, we find the normal A.-Sax. dative form "set Scire burnan." Sherburn in Elmet, Yorks, occurs in a charter A.D. 963 as "t6 Scke burnan." Sherbourn or Sherborne, Warw., was Scirebume in Domesday-Book. Sherborn, Soms., was Schireburne in the 14th cent. Sherborne, Glouc, was Sherebome in the 14th cent. This name was Latinized de Fonte Limpido ; also Pons Clarus. SHERD = Sheard, q.v. SHERE (Eng.) i Fair, Bright, White [M.E. shere, schere, O.E. scir^ Scira is found as an A.-Sax. pers. name in the 8th cent. 2 Bel. to Shere (Surrey), I3th-I4th cent. Shire [the parish includes Shere Ebor- acum (which belonged to the House of York), and ' Shere ' prob. represents O.E. scir, a district, administration] Note. — Sheer or shere is a North, dialect- word meaning ' odd,' ' singular.' SH ERG OLD (Eng.) a nickname = Bright or Pure Gold [M.E. s{c)here, O.E. scir H- M.E. O.E. gold] Cp. the (rare) surname Purgold. SHERIDAN ] (Celt.) the Ir. Seireadan, Siri- SHEREDAN \dean (a nickname) = Satyr, SHERRIDAN J Wild Man [Ir. siride + the dim. suif. -dn\ According to Matheson's 'Varieties and Synonymes of Surnames and Christian Names in Ireland,' igoi (p. 60), there are current in various parts of that country eleven more or less corrupt variants of 'Sheridan.' SHERINGHAM (Eng.) Bel. to Sheringham (Norf.), A.-Sax. *Sc{ringa-hdm — the Home OF THE ScfR- Family [O.E. scir, bright, splendid -|- -inga, genit. pi. of the fil. suff. -ing + hdm, home, estate] SHERLEY, V.Shirley. SHERLOCK (Eng.) i With Fair or White Hair [M.E. s{c)herej,schyr{e, etc., O.E. scir + M.E. lok, O.E. locc] The form Schyrlok occurs in the 13th cent. ; Shirlok in the 14th cent. Cp. the surnames Whitelock and Silverlock. 2 Dweller at the Clear Stream [O.E. scir -f- lacu\ Cp. the Cheshire place-name Shurlach. SHERMAN = Shearman, q.v. In the Rolls of the Freemen of the City - of Chester (1392-1700) 'sherman' occurs frequently as a trade-name, e.g. — Nicholas Wilkynson, sherman, alias Nicholas Sherraon, A.D. 1476-7. Sherra 155 Shiell SHERRA (Celt.) the Ir. Searrach (a nickname) i= the Colt [Ir. searrach, colt, filly] This name is sometimes used in Ireland for Sheppard, Sherand, q.v. Cp- Sherry. SHERRARD, v. Sherard. SHERRAS, Shbrra's (Son) : v. Sherra [Eng. genit. -j] SHERRATT I Dweller at the Sheer Gate or Opening [O.E. seer-, f. sceran, scieran, to cut, shear (prt. j«(a)r, pp. scoren, cut off short, precipitous) 4- geat (M.E.yate), a gate, opening] A Scergeat is mentioned in the A.-Sax. Chronicle, A.D. 912. 2 a weak form of Sherrard, Sherard, q.v. SHERRIFF (Eng.) Sheriff, Shire -Reeve [O.E. sclr-ge)refa] A shirreve hadde he been, and a countour. Was nowher suCh a worthy vavasour. — ' Chaucer, Prol. Cant Tales, 359-6o. SHERRIN I for Sherwin, q.v. 2 for Sherrihg = Shearing, q.v. 3 for the French CfeW« [Fr. cher, dear, beloved + the dim. suff. -««] SHERRING = Shearing, q.v. SHERRINGTON (Eng.) Bel. to Sherrington, ' A.-Sax, *Sciringa-tAn = . the Estate of THE ScfR- Family [O.E.^aV, bright, splendid 4- ringa, genit. pi. ot the fil. suff. -ing + tun, estate, etc.] The Wilts place was Sherinton, A.D. 1321-2. SHERRY (Celt.) for the Irish i MacSearraigh = Son of Searrach, i.e. the Colt [Ir. searrach, genit. searraigh, a colt, filly] 2 O'Searraigh = Grandson of Sear- rach. SHERSON for Sherston, q.v. SHERSTON (Eng.) Bel. to Sherston (Wilts) [If this place (as has been claimed; is the Sceorstdn where Eadmund fought Cnut in 1016 the name evid. means the 'Projecting Rock,' f. O.E. sceorian, to project, jut out, ', + stdn, stone, rock, Oh the other hand, Sherston rarely occurs with -stan or -stone in the i3th-i5thcent.:e.g. we find Shereston, A.D. 1247-8, Schireston, 1322-3, Sherston, 1414-S, implying "Scir's Estate.' But the speUing Shorstan of the Wilts place-name in 1 25 1-2 (Charter-Rolls) is strong evidence in favour of an orig. Sceorstdn, as .above. Sherston is situated " on an eminence "| ) (Eng.) to Shervington, SHERVINGTON | Lanes (poss. Shevington, near Wigan, although this place occurs in the 13th cent, as Shevinton and Shefinton), A.D. 1284-S Schuruyngton, Schureuyngton (Lane. Assize-Rolls), a.d. 1354 Shurvyntoh (Lane. Fines), A.-Sax. *Scuffinga-tAn= the Estate of the Scurfa Family [the pers. name is a nickname f. O.E. scurf, scurf -I- -inga, genit. pi. of the fil. Suff. -ing -I- tAn, farm, estate] Cp. Scruton. SHERWELL \ (Eng.) Bel. to Sherwell or Sher- SHERWILL J will (Devon) ; or Dweller at the Clear Spring [O.E. scir, clear, pure -|- w{i)ella, wylla, a spring, well] A scirviylla occurs in a charter by Offa, A.D. 785. SHERWIN \ (Eng.) 1 for the U.'E,. Sherwynd, SHERVJEH ] Scherewynd, a nickname for a Fleet Runner [f. O.'E.. sceran, to shear, cut + wind, wind] Peter Scherewynd. — Hund. Rolls. 2 for an A.-Sax. *Sclrwine = Splendid Friend [O.E. scir + wine, friend] SHERWOOD (Eng.) Bel. to Sherwood (jNotts), 14th cent. Sherwode, Shyrwode, 13th cent. Scher{e)wode, Scirewode, a.d. 958 Scirwudu : [the first element is ratherO.E.srfr,bright, fight-coloured (cp. the Ger. Klarholz), than O.E. 5«V, district, shire] Will'us de Sherwode. — - Cal. Ini- ad q. Damn., A.D. 1325-6, And Robyn was in mery Scherwode. — Rohyn Hode and the Munke, 357. SHEWALD(Scand.)SEA-RuLER[O.N.Si(;«aW-r (mod.Norw. SjSvald) — sj6-r, sea -|- uald-r, ruler] SHEWAN (Scand.) Sea -Used [this name corresponds exactly to the Swei.sjowan (sj as sh) (Dan.-Norw. sovant), f.O.N. sj6-r, sce-r, sea -t- uan-r, used, wontj This is muqh more probable, for several reasons, than the suggested derivation from an O.^orseSiguanXO.^.sig-r, victory + «rf«, hope], which, in any case, would be a fem. name. SHEWARD (Scand.) Sea -Guardian [O.N. Sjouar^-r, Sjpuor'S-r— sjo-r, sea -1- -uar^-r, ud>^, guard, guardian] Cp. Seward. SHEWELL for Shewald, q.v. Cp. Sewell. SHIEL \ (Scand.) Dweller at a Hut or Shed SHI ELL J [Scand. skiul {ski or skj as'shi), O.N. sk(0l, sk^li, a shed, ^elter^ Shield 156 Shinkins The swallows jintin' round my shiel Amuse me at my spinning-wheel. — I Burns, ' Bess,' 23-4. (Celt.) the Irish Siadhail, a nickname = Sloth ! [Ir. siadhail, sloth, sluggishness] SHIELD (Eng.) i Dweller at the sign of the Shield [O.E. sc{i)eld, scyld] 2 the A.-Sax. pers. name Sceld, Scild, Scyld = Shield, Protection. There has been some confusion with Shiel, q.v. SHIELDS (Scand.)Bel. to Shields; or Dweller at the Huts or Sheds [v. Shiel'] South Shields " was called Le Sheeles, from the sheds built along the shore by the fishermen of the Tyne."— iVat. Gaz. The spelling in the Yorks Poll-Tax a.d. 1379 was Scheles. (Eng.) Shield's (Son): v. Shield. (Celt.) = ShieP (q.v.) with the E. genit. •s suff. SHIELS (Scand.) pi. of ShleP, q.v. (Celt.) = ShieP (q.v.) with the E. genit. -J suff. (Eng.) for Shields', q.v. SHIER = Shere, q.v. SHIERS = Shears, q.v. SHIERSON = Shearson, q.v. SHILCOCK \ I'he first element has been SHILLCOCKJ thought to be that seen in Sheldrake, q.v. (the sheldrake and shel- duck were sometimes called sheld-fowl) ; but it is much more Hkely to be the pial. E. skill, shrill [O.E. scyl, resounding, noisy -|- cocc, a cock] SHILDRICK for Sheldrake, q.v. SHILLING (Eng.) the A.-Sax, tiers, name Scilling, occurring e.g. in ' WidsiS,' 1. 207 ; found in the i3th-cent. Hundred-Rolls as Scilling, Schilling, Schelling, the last being the present-day Dutch form [f. the O.E. monetary unit scilling, m.] SHILLINGFORD (Eng.) Bel. to Shillingford (Berks, Devon, Oxf.) [The Berks place seems to be the A.-Sax. Scaringaford (a.d. 931), i.e. the ' Ford of the Scar- Family' (cp. O.E. sc{e)ar, a shear or ploughshare) ; but the'Devon place (a.d. i 3 14-1 S Schilling- ford) and the Oxf. hamlet prob. denote , fords where a charge was made (cp. Guild- ford) and therefore contain the O.E. s«7W«^, shilling, a monetary unit] SHILLINGLAW(Eng.)Bel.to ShiUinglaw [The second element is the O.E. hHw, a hill, tumulus : the first element is prob. a pers. name (v. Shilling) ; but the possibility of its being the Scot, shieling, a shed, hut (v. Shiel', and with the sufi. -ing) cannot be excluded] SHILLINGSWORTH (Eng.) Dweller at Scill- ing's Estate [A.-Sa.-x..*Scillinges-wor\f :v. under Shilling, and -j- O.E. wot^, estate, ' farm] SHILLITO \ This name, uniformly occurring SHILLITOE in the Yorks PoU-Tax, a.d. 1379, SHILLITTO -as Selito, in 1397-8 as Shelito SHILLETO ('Notes and Queries,' 2Sth Apl. SHILITO / '14, p. 335) undoubtedly presents difficulties, chiefly owing to the lack of earlier forms. ' It has been suggested that it represents a Norman place-name S/7eto/ ; but I cannot trace such a place-name; and, ' in any case, in the 14th cent, we should expect the retention in the surname of the final -t. As it is "a great Yorkshire name" it is prob. Scandinavian, and the second element may be the O.N. td (Swed. taa, prou. almost toe), a path, walk, sheepwalk, cattle-run (rather than fof the O.E. ho, a hill, promontory), with the first element either O.N. skiol (sk before i normally palatalized to sK), a shiel, shed, shelter, or O.N. sei (genit. pi. sella), a shed on a moun- tain-pasture. I'he surname now occurs as both Sillito(e and Shillito(e, &c. Guppy, ' Homes of Family-Names ' (p. 550), says : "Shropshire contains both these forms, Staffordshire has Sillitoe with Sillito, and the West Riding has Shillitoe." SHILTON (Eng.) Bel. to Shilton, for Shelton, q.v. The Warw. Shilton was Scelftone in Domesday-Book. SHIMELD, V. Shemeld. SHIMMIN Vfrom the IVIanx double dim. form SHIMMING Simeen {or Mac Simeen)oi Simon, SHIMMEN q.v. [IManx dim. suff. -een = Ir. SHIMMAN I in] SHINE (Celt.) the Irish Seighin, a dim. of Ir. s^igh = Falcon, Hawk [Ir. dim. suff. in] Not, however, without confusion with the Ir. seighion, ' champion.' SHINER (Eng.) a nickname or occupati ve name [f. IVI.E. schynen, O.E. scinan, to shine] SHINGLER (A.-Lat.) Roofer, Tiler, i.e. with shingles or wood-laths [f. M.E. shingle for shindle ; Lat. scindula, a shingle] SHINGLETON (Eng.) a-palatal form of Single- ton, q.v. SHINKINS for Jenkins, q.v. Shinn 157 Shore SHINN, a weak form of Sheen, q.v. There may have been confusion with Chinn, q.v. The name can hardly be the O.E. scinnifl, ' demon,' ' spectre.' , SHINNER (Eng.) Wizard, Magician [O.E. scinnere] SHIP \ (Eng.) Dweller at the sign of the Ship SHIPP; [O.E. s«>] SHIPHAM » (Eng.)Bel.toShiphara;or Dweller SHIPPAM J at the Sheep-Encbosure [O.E. sc^ap, scip + hamm, eliclosure] SHIPLEE 1 (Eng.) Bel. to Shipley; or Dweller SHI PLEY J at the Sheep-Lea [O.E. scSap, scip , +UaK\ A Hampshire charter a.d. 909 has 't6 scipUage' (dat. form). The Yorks Shipley occurs as Scipeleia in Domesday-Book. ' SHIPMAN (Eng.) I Sailor, Skipper [M.E. s{c)hip'man, O.E. scipmann\ A shipman was ther, wonynge [dwelling] fer by waste ; For aught I woot he was of Dertemouthe. —Chaucer, Prol. Cant. Tales, A 388-9. (occ.) 2 Sheep - Man, i.e. Shepherd [O.E. sceap, scip + mann\ SHIPPARD \ (Eng.) r Shepherd [O.E. SHIPPERD / sctphierde] 3 for Shipwardi q.v. SHIPPER (Eng,) Sailor [M.E. s{c)hippere, O.E. scipere] SHIPPEY ^ Sheppey, q.v. SHIPSTER (Eng.) i Steersman, Pilot [O.E. scipsiiera'] 2 Barge-Woman [=Shippep,but with the fem. agent, suff. -ster, O.E. -estre] SHIPTON (Eng.) Bel. to Shipton, 13th - 14th cent. Shipton, Schipton = the Sheep-Farm [O.E. sceap, scip, sheep + tun, enclosure, farm, etc.] Cp. Shepton and Skipton. ^ ' SHIPWARD (Eng.) Shipmaster, Skipper [O.E. scipw{e)ard\ SHIPWASH (Eng.) Dweller at a Sheep- Wash [O.E. sc4apwasce, place for washing sheep] SHIPWAY = Shepway, q.v. SHIRD SHIRT for Sheapd, q.v. SHIRE (Eng.) i Dweller at a Shire \^..'S,.shire, , schire ; OiE. scir^ district, parish, diocese] Gregory atte Shire. — Cal. Wills Ct. Husting, A.D. 1397. 2 = Shore, q.v. [cp. Dial. E. jAw, clear] SHI REMAN (Eng.) Official; Steward; Sheriff; Native of a Shire or District [O.E. sclr(e)mann] In Eastern England ' Shireman ' denotes one who is not a native of Norfolk, Suffolk, or Essex. SHIRES, genit. of Shire, g.v. , SHIRLEY (Eng.) Bel. to Shirley ; or Dweller at I the Bright or White Lea [O.E. scir -h ledh'\ 2 the Shire- or Parish-Lea [O.E. scir, district, parish, shire] -Shirley, Hants, was Shirle, a.d. 1326-7; Shirley, Derby, was Scherlay in the late 14th cent. Cp. Sherley. SHIRREFF = Sherrlff, q.v. SHI RTCLI FF(E \ (Eng.) Dweller at the White SHIRTLIFF(E J or Shining Cliff [O.E. scir + clif] This is specifically a Yorks surname, found as Shirclyf a.d. 1379 and Sheircliffe and Sherclyffin the early 17th cent. SHMITH for Smith, q.v. [the -h- is prob. due to German influence] SHOBBROOK \ (Eng.) Bel. to Shobrooke SHOBROOK J (Devon) [the first element is doubtful ; but the occurrence of Sholbrook and Sholebrook, and the analogy of > Woburn (O.E. wdh, crooked), make it prob. that it represents the O.E. scedlh, crooked, if not M.E. shold, O.E. scedld, shallow] SHOEBRIDGE (Eng.) Dweller at (app.) the Sheep-Ridge [O.E. scedp + hrycg] SHOEBROOK = Sho(b)brook, q.v. SHOESMITH \(Eng.) Farrier [O.E. scd{h, , SHOOSMITH J shoe -1- smip, smith] SHOLTO (Celt.) The available evidence is not sufficient to show whether this name is f. Gael, and Ir. siolta, a teal, sioltaich, a. goosander, or f. sial, m., seed, race, clan, with the plen. suff. -tach. SHONE, an Irish form (Seon) of John, q.v. SHOOLBRED (Eug.) School-Bred; a nick- name dating irom days when education was not so widespread [a palatal form of ' school' (cp. Ger. schule, school), M.E. scale, Lat. schold] SHOPP (Eng.) Dweller at a Shop [O.E. sceoppa, a stall, booth] SHORE (Eng.) . Dweller at the Shore or Strand [M.E. schore \ prob. f. O.E. , . sc(f)orian, to project] Shoreditch J58 Shrimpton (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Dweller at the Sewer or Drain [O.Fr. sewiere, a sluice, channel; essouere, a drain, ditch] Robert del Shore. — Lane. Fines, A.D. 1374. SHOREDITCH (A.-Fr. + E.) Bel. to Shore- ditch, 14th cent. Shordych(e = the Sewer- Ditch [v. under Shore", and + M.E. dych(e, dich{e, O.E. d{c\ To the soutere of Southwerk, Or of Shordyche dame Emme^ — Piers Plowman, 8707-8, The author of the old ballad 'Jane Shore' believed that Shoreditch owed its name to Edward the Fourth's favourite mistress ! — The which now, since my dying daye, Is Shoredttch call'd, as writers saye. — l.l- 133-4- SHOREHAM (Eng.) Bel. to Shoreham (Kent : A.D. 822 Scorham ; Sussex : a.d. 1315-16 Shoreham \pS.scor- {—O.'ii. skor), a score, notch, cleft, rift -J- hamim, an enclosure] SHORLAND (Eng.) Dweller at the Shore- Land [v. Shore', and -t- M.E. O.E. land] SHpRROCK (Eng,) Bel. to Shorrock (Lanes), 13th cent. Shorrok [doubtful : perh. f. the pp., scoren (shorn, precipitous), of O.E. seeran, to shear, cut -f- M.E. rok, O.E. -rocc, a rock] SHORT "1 (Eng.) Little [M.E. s(f)hort, O.'E. SHORTTj scl,e)ori\ See the note under Shorting. In Ireland, ' Short ' has sometimes been used to represent the synonymous Ir. Gearr (or McGirr). SHORTALLl (Eng.) Dweller at the SHORT SHORTELL/NoOK [O.E. sc(e)ort, short -|- heal(h, nook] SHORTER (Eng.) (the) Littler [compar. of Short] SHORTHOSE (Eng.) a nickname from Short Hose [O.E. sc(e)ort, short -t- hosa, pi. hosan, hose, stockings] SHORTING (Eng.) Dweller at the Short Meadow [O.E. ic(e)ort, short -|- O.North. and East.E. ing (O.N. eng), meadow] There does not seem to be any record of the use of sc(e)ort as a pers. name among the Anglo-Saxons (the Scoria quoted by Searle, 'Onomas. A.-Sax.', p. 41 1, is due to his mistaking the ordinary adjective in a local name for a proper name), although there is, of course, no reason why it should not have be^n used as a nickname (cp. \ 'Pepin le Bref ') ; and this fact makes it improbable that the second element in ' Shorting ' is the O.E. 'son' suffix. On the other hand, there are various instances of its use in A,-Sax. local names ; and Mr. E. H. H. Shorting of Broseley, Salop, has given me the forms Shorting, Shortinge, Shortyng, Shortyn^e, as occurring in i6th- cent. East-Anglian deeds. SHORTIS, Short's (Son): v. Short. SHOTBOLT (Eng.) a nickname for a Cross- bowman [f. O.E. scedtan, to shoot -|- holt] Thomas Shotbolt. — Close Rolls, A.D. 1456-7. SHOTT (Eng.) i Dweller at a Nook or Corner [Dial. E. sh6t{t ; O.E. scedt, a corner, pro- jection] 2 Quick, Ready [O.E. sceSt] SHOTTER (Eng.) i = Shott' (q.v.) + the agent, suff. -er. 2 Shooter [f.O.E. scedtan, to shoot ; with the £. agent, suff. -er] There has prob. been some confusion with Shorter, q.v. SHOTTON (Eng.) Bel. to Shotton = the No6k- Farm [v. under Shott', and -|- O.E. tun, farm, estate, etc.] The Northumberland place occurs as Shotton A.D. 1269-70. SHOUBRIDGE, V. Shoebridge. SHOULDHAM, v. Shuldham. SHOULDING, a palatal form of Scolding, q.v. SHOVEL (Scand.) for the O^Scand. Sjdvald-r= Sea-Rijler [O.N. sjS-r, sea+vald-r, ruler] SHOVELLER 1 (Eng.) Shoveller (of Corn, SHOULER \&cA [M.E. schovel, show(e)l, SHOWLER J O.E. scofl, a shovel+the agent. suff. -er, O.E. -ere] SHOWELL (Eng.) i Bel. to Showell (Oxon), A.D. 1238-9 Shuwell = the Dark Well [O.E. scu{w)a, shadow, darkness -|-w(i)eWa, a spring] 2 = Shewell, q.v. SHREEVE SHREVE \ = Sherplff, q.v. SHRIEVE J SHRE;WSBURY (Eng.) Bel. to Shrewsbury, the A.-Sax. Scrobbesburh — Scrobb's Stronghold [the pers. name (in the genit.) is a masc. var. of O.E. scrybh, underwood + burh, a fortified place] Richard, the son of Scrob, as well as Richard's son Osberti, held lands under King Eadward in the counties of Hereford, Worcester, and Salop. — Lapp.-Thorpe, A.-Sax. Kings, ii. 311. SHRIMPTON (Eng.). Littleseems to be known of the surname (fairly common in Oxford- shire) beyond the apparent fact that "from the reign of James L to that of Shrosbree 159 5ibery [ for Shob(b)rook, q.v. George III. sixteen mayors of Wycombe [Bucks] bore this name." It may denote 'the Farm or Estate of Shrimp,' a nickname [IM.E. shrimp, a shrimp ; f. O.E. scrimman, ' to be drawn up or bent (of limbs '] ; but not imposs. a corrupt (metathesized) form of a name like Shervinton. SHROSBREE for Shrewsbury, q.v. SHRUBSOLE (Eng.) If the modern form may be trusted (early forms seem to be lacking) the name denotes ' the Shrubby Marsh' or ' Moss' [f. a var. of O.E. scrybb, underwood + O.E, sol, mud, a moss or boggy place (Kent. dial, sole, a muddy pond] SHUBOTHAM, prob. a contr. of Shuffle- both am, q.v. SHUBRICK SHUBROOK SHUFFLEBOTHAM "1 (Eng.) Bel. to Shuffle- SHUFFLEBOTTOM I bottom or Shipple- bottom (Lanes), A.D. 1323 Shipwallebothum, A.D. 1285 Schipwallebothon, Schyppewalle- hothem, and Schyppewellehothem = the Sheep-Well Valley [O.E. sclp, sheep + welle, a well, spring + hotm, a bottom, valley] SHUFFREY, a sibilated form of GeolTpey, q.v. SHULDHAM 1 (Scand. + E.) Bel. to Should- SHULDAM jham (Norf.), 13th cent. Shuld- ham = Skiold's Home or Estate [O.N. skiold-r, Dan.-Norw. skiold (with sk- before i palatalized to sh-), a shield + M.E. ham, O.E. hdm(p.N. heim-r), home, &c.] Prior' de Shuldham. — Charter-Rolls, A.D. 1250-1. SHUR(R)EY, app. a form of Surrey, q.v. SHUTE 1 (Eng.) i Dweller at a Shoot or SHUTT J Shut, i.e. a narrow lane or avenue [Dial. E. shoot, shut; f. O.E. sceStan, to shoot, riin (of a road] 2 Archer [O.E. scytta\ 3 Quick, Ready [O.E. scedtl Cp. Cockshoot ; and Shott. SHUTER (Eng.) Shooter ; Archer [O.E. scytere'\ SHUTTLEWORTH(Eng.) Bel. to Shuttleworth (Lanes), 14th cent. Shutelesworth, 13th cent. Shyotlesworth = Scytel's Estate [the pers. name is f. the O.E. scytel, m., a dart, missile (E. sfiuttle) + O.E. wor^, estate, farm, etc.] SHYLOCK is app. a shortened form of the M.E. Schyrlok (Hund. Rolls), i.e. White Hair [O.E. sclr, bright, white + locc, lock of hair; hair] and prob. has nothing to do with the M.E. Syloch, which represents the A.-Sax. Sigeldc, ' Victorious Contest.' SIBARY, V. Slbery. SIBB I a contr. of Sibyl, Sibil, Fr. Sibille, Ital. Sibilla, Lat. Sibylla, GT.Xt^v\U, a Sibyl or prophetess [the deriv. from the stem of the Lacon. ZhSs for Attic Geiis, God, and a weak dial, form of Attic /3o»Xi}, counsel, is not universally accepted] 2 for the A.-Sax. Sib{b)a, f. (a) A.-Sax. j/JJ.relationship.peace, happiness (whence E. sib, a relation) ; (6) a pet contr. of the Sigeb- names, such as Sigeb(.e)ald (v. Sib- bald"), Sigeber{h)t (v. Sebright'), Sigeboda (v. Slbbott>). SIBBALD (Eng.) i the A.-Sax. Sigeb{e)ald = Victoriously Bold [O.E. sige = O.Sax. O.H.Ger. sigi = Goth, sigi-s = O.N. Jie-r, victory -|- O.E. b{e)ald = O.Sax. O.H.Ger. bald = Goth. *bal^-s = O.N. ball-r, bold] 2 the A.-Sax. SdRb{.e)ald = Sea-Bold [O.E. sA = O.Sax. O.H.Ger. sSo = Goth. saiw-s = O.N. sA-r, sea + bald, as above] A SAbald is recorded in the A.-Saxon genealogies as a descendant of Woden and a progenitor of the kings of Deira. SIBBERING. The earliest forms of this name that Mr.G.T. Sibbering,of Newport (Mon.), has succeeded in tracing axeSybbering, a.d. 1643, and Sibbring, a.d. 1655. Phonetically, the name could represent an A. - Sax. Sigeburhing (with the ' son ' suff -ing); but Si^eJMrAisa fem. name. He finds the ndme Sidbrincke in 1560, Sydbrinche, in 1569 and Sidbrinkeini6og; Sibbrinke in i62/i. These surnames, which are app. local names of Continental Teut. origin, may be the originals of Sibbering. SIBBET SIBBETT SIBBITT Cp. Sibbot(t. SIBBOT 1 I = Sibb (q.v.) + the Fr. dim. SIBBOTT J suff. -ot. Cp. Sibbet(t. 2 for the A.-Sax. Sigebod{a (LowGer. and ■ Fris. Sibod) = Victorious Messenger [O.E. sige, victory -|- boda, messenger] SIBBS, Sibb's (Son): V. Sibb. SIBERY (Eng.) i for the A.-Sax. fem. pers. name Sigeburh = Victorious StRjOng- hold [O.E. sige, victory -1- burh, a fortified place] • - Sibb (q.v.) -1- the Fr. dim. suff. -et. 2 for SIdbury, q.v. Sibley i6o Sid(e)n]an SIBLEY= Sibyl or Sibil (v. under Sibb') + the E. dim. suff. -y, -ie. Thomas Sihe\y.—Hund. Rolls- Geoffrey Sibilie.^ do. SIBLING (Eng.) Kinsman [O.E. sibbling] SIBORNE (ScandJ the O. Scand. SigbVam = Victorious Bear [O.N. sig-r, victory + biBm, bear] (Eng.) the A.-Sax. Sigebeorn = Victori- ous Warrior [O.E. sige, victory + beam, warrior] The A. - Saxon name was used as an equivalent of the Norse name. SIBRAY SIBREE = Sibery, q.v. SIBREY . SIBSON I Sib(b)'s Son: v. SIbb. Thomas Sibson. — Yorlis Poll-Tax, A.D. 1379. 2 Bel. to Sibson or Sibston = Sibbe's Farm oV Estate [v. under Sibb', and + O.E, tuti] But the Leicester Sibson was formerly Sibstone, and the second element may be O.E. sldn, a ' rock,' ' stone castle.' SIBTHORPE (Eng.) Bel. to Sibthorpe (Notts), 13th cent. Sybethorp, Sibbeth0rp=SiB{B)A's Estate [v. under Sibb', and + O.E. )forp, , farm, estate] SICKELMORE\(Eng.) Dweller at (app.) SICKLEMORE I Sicel's orSicoL's Moor [for the pers.name see under Sioklinghall, and + M.E. more, O.E. mdr, a moor] Poss. the place is the Suflolk hamlet Sicklesmere ; but some, at any rate, of the Sickelmores may owe their name to the Staffs Silkmore;, in Domesday Selchmore, 14th cent. Silkemor, Selkemer, Selkmore, doubtless representing a.nA.-Sa.x.*Seolcan- mSr = Seolca's Moor [pers. name a nick- name f. O.E. seolc, m., silk] SIOKLINGHALL (Eng.) Bel. to SickHnghall (Yorks), the Domesday SicKw^-a/, O.Angl. *Sicolinga-hall = the Hall of the Sicol FAMlLYfthe pers. name is evid. a nickname from O.E. sicol (Lat. secula),m.,z. sickle -|- -inga, genit. pi. of the fil. suff. -ing + ball, a hall] SICKMAN (Eng. or Scand.) Sike-Ma'n [Dial. E. sick, ' a small stream or rill ' ; O.E. sic = O.N. sik, a ditch, watercourse] Ricardus Sykman. — Yorks Poll-Tax, A.D. 1379. SI D B U RY(Celt. -|- Eng.) Bel. to Sidbury (Castle) (Devon: a.d. 1337-8 Sydebiry) = the Stronghold on the R. Sip [the river- name is prob. Ce|t. and conn, with Wei. sid, a winding: 1- O.'E. burh, a fortified * place] (Eng.) Bel. to Sidbury (Salop, Wilts, &c.) = the Broad or Big Fortification [O.E. sid -f burJi] SIDDALL \ (Eng.) i Bel. to Siddall ; or Dwel- SIDDELL J ler at {a) the Wide Dale [O.E. sid + dceh , (6) the Wide Nook or Corner [O.E! sid -I- heal{h~\ The Yorks Siddall was Sydall a.d. 1379, as was the Lanes place a.d. 1548. 2 the A.-Sax. pers. name S!ife/= Broad, Big [O.E. sid, wide, big -1- the dim. suff. -el] SIDDALLS, pi., and genit., of Siddall, q.v. Thomas de Sidales. — Lane. Ing., A.D. 1323, , SIDDELEY I (Eng.)Bel.toSid(d)ley; orDwel- SIDDLEY Ueratthe Broad Lea [O.E.sid+ SIDLEY J ledh] SIDDINGTON (Eng.) Bel. to Siddington, the A.-Sax. *Sidinga-tlin = the Estate of the Sid(a Family [the pers. name is f. O.E. sid, broad, big, or O.E. sidu, chastity + -inga, genit. pi. of the fil. suff. -ing + tun, estate, etc.] Richard de Sidinton. — Chesh. Chmbrlns'. Accts., A.D. 1303-4. SIDDON (A.-Fr.-Teut.) the French Sidon, f. (with dim., or accus., suff. -o)n) the O.Teut. Sido [prob. f. the stem sid-, seen in O^Sax. and O.E. sidu = Goth, sidu-s, m., custom, habit, (also) chastity] (Eng.) Bel. to Siddon or Sidon = the Broad Hill [O.E.«W, broad -f- dtin, a hill] There is a Sidon Hill in Hants. SIDDONS, Sid(d)on's (Son) : v. Siddon. SIDE (Eng.) Broad, Big [M.E. side, O.E. sid] SIDEBOTTOM 1 (Eng.) Bel. to Sidebottom ; SIDEBOTHAM (or Dweller at the Broad Valley [O.E. sid, broad -f botm, a bottom, valley] The name occurs iii i5th-cent. Cheshire records as Sidbothom, Sidebotham. Cp. Longbottom. SIDES, Side's (Son): v. Side. SID(E)MAN (Eng.) the A.-Sax. Sideman [the first element here is rather O.E. side- (as in sidefull,c\izsie., respectable, good),f. sidu, chastity, than O.E.,j/rf, broad: cp. the corresp.O.N. «1Sa-»ja'S-r,'a well-bred man'] Sidgreaves i6i Silvanus SIDGREAVES(Enjg.)Bel.toSidgreaves(LanCs), 13th cent, (de) Sydegreves, Sidegreves — the Wide Groves [O.E. sld + grcefas\ SIDGWICK = Sedgwick, q.v. SIDLESHAM (Eng.) Bel. to Sidlesham (Suss.), 7th cent. Sideleshdm = Sidel's Home [v. under Siddell', and + O.E. hdm, home, estate] S I D N EY (A.-Fr.-Lat. &c.) i for the Lat. Stdoni-us (Ital. Sidonio) = Sidonian, Phcenician [f. the Phoenician port Sidon, Gr. 'ZiSiv, Heb. Tsiddn; commonly said to denote a fishing- station ( " the fish at Zidon were as numerous as grains of sand"), f. the root tsudh, to lay snares ; but ace. to Josephus the port owed its name and origin to Sidon the firstborn of Canaan {Gen. x. 15] 2 Bel. to St. Denys or St. Denis (Nor- mandy) [v. under Dennis] St. Denis is a common French ecclesias- tical village-name; and it is doubtless the preponderating source of 'Sidney.' Will'us Sidney. — Inq. a. q. Damn., A.D. 1324-5. Will'us Sydney.— Rot. Chart., A.D. 1446-7. SI DWELL (Eng.) Bel. to Sidwell (Hants; Devon) = the Broad Well , [O.E. sid + wit^elld] Cp. Bradweil. SIEBERT, a French form of the Teut. Sigebert: V. under Sebright'. SlEMMSl _ „!,„= n„ SIEMS } - S'"'^' "l-'- SIEVEKING seems to be for the O.Norse SiiSviking-r, denoting one belonging to SflS(a)vik [O.N. sOS-r, south + vtk, inlet, bay] SIEVER (Scand.) the Norse Siver, Syver for Stgvard, O.Norse Sigvar'S-r, Sigvor'S-r = Victorious Guard [O.N. sig-r, victory+ vSi^-r, guard] SIEVEWRIGHT (Eng.) Sieve-Maker [O.E. ■ sife + wyrhtd\ SIGG (Teut.) I a contr. of one or other of the numerous Teut. Sig- names [O.Teut. sig-, ' victory] An 8th-cent. Bishop of Selsey, Sigefrith, was familiarly known as Sigga, which also occurs as an O.Dan, name ; the fdrra in the i3th-cent. Hundred-Rolls (Norf.) being Sigge. 2 Man, Warrior [f. O.N. segg-r— O.E. secg'\ SIGGER, a form of Seger, Segar(q.v.), esp. 2. JIGGERS. SiGGER's (Son), I Silcock's (Son), SIGGIN (Teut.) for the O.Teut. Sigeixiine, Sigwin, &c. = Victorious Friend [O.E. , sige = O.Sax.O.H.Ger. sigi = O.N. sig-r (=Goth. sigi-s), victory -|- O.E. wine = O.Sax. O.H.Ger. wini = O.N. uin-r, friend] Sigewine occurs in the Liber Vitse Dunelm. SIGGINS, SiGGlN's(Son). SIGGS, Sigg's (Son): v. Sigg. SIKES, V. the commoner form Syl4 waes &.n man pn Hierusalem, Jjses nama waes Simedn- — St. Luke, ii. 25, A.-Sax. vers. ?Sor [there] cam Sat brotSer Symeon. — I3th-cent. metr. vers. Gen. and Ex., 2266. SIMES, Sime's (Son) : v. SIme. SIMEY = Si me (q.v.) + the E. dim. suff. -y. Bot quhair that Symy levit in synyng. — Symmie and his Bruder, i^-' SIM ISTER(A.-Fr.-Lat.) Summary- or Precis- Writer [M.E. sUmmister, summayster, &c. ; O.Fr. som, Lat. summa, sum, main point + O.Fr. maistre, Lat. magister, master] (Eng.) Sempstress, Dressmaker [O.E. siamestre'] SIMKIN = Sim (q.v.) -J- the E. (double) dim. suff. -kin [O.Low Ger. -fe-j»] SIMKINS, Simkin's (Son) "1 c:™i,:„ SIMKINSON, Simkin's SpNj '^^ =»""'^'"- SIMM, like Sim, a dim. of Simon, Simeon, q.v. SIMMANCElr„, e:„^„„= „„ SIMMINS )for Simmons, q.v. SIMMOND I (with the common post -« intrus. '-d) for Simon, Simeon, q.v. 2 V. Simond''. SIMMONDS SIMMONS I Simmon(d)'s (Son). SIMMS, SIMM's (Son): v. SImm. I for Sumner, q.v. ■■ Simonett, q.v. SIMNER SIMNOR SIMNETT SIMNITT SIMON I a form of Simeon, q.v. The Heb. name seems eventually to have be- come confused with the Gr. nickname Sim6n (St/idx), 'snub-nosed.' . . . and his broSru lacob, and Joseph, and Simon. — St. Matthew, xiii. 55, A.-Sax. vers. 2 There has been some confusion with Simond', q.v. SIMOND I (with the common post -» intrus. -4) for Simon, Simeon, q.v. 2 for the A.-Sax. Sigemund and O.N. Sigmund, Domesday Simund = Victori- ous Protector [O.E. sige — O.N. sigr, victory-i-O.E.O.N. mund, hand, protector] Corresponding to the Sigemunt of the 'Nibeliingenlied,' Simonds ;63 Sitton V. Sim. SIWIONDS, SwoND's (Son). SIMONETT = Simon (q.v.) + the Fr.Aim.-et. SIIVIONS, Simon's (Son) ) „. SIIV10NS0N, Simon's Son \ ^- ^""O"- SIIVIPKIN (with the common post-wj intrus. -p) for Siml—sigg, victory -1- l>ryl>, strength] have had little or no surnominal influence. (A,-Fr.-Lat.) = Sire (q.v.) + the Fr. dim. suff. -et. SIRES, (the) Sire's (Son) : v. Sire. SIRRELL I like Serrell, a var. of Serle, q.v. 2 poss. there has been some confusion with Cyril, Fr. Cyrille, Gr. Kyrillos (KiptWos) [f. Gr. Kipios, a lord, master] SISON 1 (A.-rr.-Lat.) 1 Siss's or Ciss's Son: SISSON J Ciss, a dim. of Cicdy or Cecilia [Lat. Ceecilia, fem. of Cacilius; app.f.Lat. ctscus, blind] 2 a double dim. of Cicely or Cecilia [Fr. dim. suff. -on'] In theYorks PoU-Tax, a.d. 1379, we find the variant surnominal forms Sisson, Cisson, and Cysson, Larchey, 'Diet, des Noms' (p. 442), con- siders Sisson to be a derivative of Francis, which does not seem very probable. SISSERSON for Sister>son,q.v. SISSISSON for Sissotson, q.v. SISSONS, Sisson's (Son) : v. Sisson'. SISSOT = Siss or CiSs (v. under Sis(s)on)-f- the Fr. di;m. suff. -ot. SISSOTSON, Sissot's Son. SISTERSON (Eng.) Sister's or Nun's Son: [M.E. systeTi O.E. sweostor, sister, nun + M.E. sone, O.E. sunu, son] There seems to have been confusion with Sissotson, q.v. SITTQN, a weak form of Seaton, q.v. Sivewright 164 Skelton SIVEWRIGHT = Sievewr-ight, q.v. SIVIER I (Eng.) I Sieve-Maker. SIVYER J ^Qgg ) 2 (Grain-) Sifter [M.E. siviere, etc. ; f. M.E. sive, O.E sife, a sieve] Ralph le Siviere. — Hjind. Rolls. SIVIERS ■) (the) Sivier's or Sivyer's (Son) : SIVYERSJ V. Sivier, &c. SIWARD (Teut.) i Victorious Guard or Protector [O.Teut. Sigew(e)ard, Sig{i)- ward, SigurS-r, &c. : O.E. sige — O.Sax. O.H.Ger. sigi = O.N. sig-r = Goth, sigi-s, victory -|- O.E. w{e)ard = O.Sax. ward = O.H.Ger. wart = O.N. vorS-r = Goth. wardia, ward, guard, etc.] Eadulf, Earl of Northumbria, a relation of Harthacnut, had been received by him virith feigned friendship, and was at his command murdered by Siward (Sigeweard), on whom that powerful earldom was after- wards bestowed.— Lapp.-Thorpe, A.-Sax. Kings, ii. 279. 2 conf. with Seaward, q.v. SIXSMITH (Eng.) Sickle-Smith [O.E. sicol+ John Sykelsmith. — Cal. Ing. P.M. SIZER(A.-Fr.-Lat.) Assizer, Juror; Sizar [f. O.Fr. assise, a judicial assembly, a tax, etc. ; Lat. assidere, to sit by] As sisours [var. sysoiirs^ and somonours Sherreves and hire [their] clerkes.-^ Piers Plowman, 998-99. SKAE (Celt.) Dweller by a Whitethorn-Tree [Gael, sgeach = Ir. sceacK\ SKAIFE = Sca(i)fe, q.v. In the 14th century this name is found in Yorkshire as Skayf (also 13th cent.), Scayf, Scayff, Scaif. SKANE, a var. of Skene, q.v. SKEAT 1 (Scand. and N. and East. Eng.) SKEATE I Swift, Quick [M.E. 5teJ(e, ifeef, SKEET J O.N. sMot-r = O.E. scioi\ Sket is the usual i3th-cent. East-Anglian form (as 'John Sket,' Norf.) ; and Skete occurs in Yorkshire in the 14th cent. Sket cam tiding in-til Ubbe That Havelok havede with a clubbe . . . — Lay of Havelok the Dane, 1926-7. In the glossary to 'Havelok' (ed. 1902) s.v. sket, the late Prof. Skeat says : "Cp. Icel. skjott, quickly, from skjBtr, quick, swift. The adj. is still preserved in the surname Skeat or Skeet." (occ.) 2 Shooter, Archer [O.N. skyii = 0.E. scytta] SKEATS, Skeat's (Son) : v. Skeat. SKEAVINGTON, v. Skefflngtjn. SKEEL 1 (Teut.) Crooked, Awry, Squinting SKELE J [O.N. skialg-r = O.E. sceolh = Dut. (and Ger.) scheet] IkEElP } Skeel's (Son): v. Skeel. SKEEN = Skene, q.v. SKEET = Skeat, q.v, SKEFFINGTON (Eng.) Bel. to Skeffington gvcic), 13th cent. Skeftinton, Scheftinton, . Angl. *Sce(ajftinga-tun= the Estate of the Sce(a)ft- Family [0.(East.)E.jc^(a)/f ( = Scand. skaft), a shaft, spear 4- -inga, genit. pi. of the fil. suS. -ing + tun, estate, farm, etc.] This name has evid. been influenced by the var. skepti (/> as/) of O.N. skapt, 'a shaft,' 'spear.' SKEGG (Scand.) Rough - Haired, Shaggy [the O.N. skegg, a beard (= O.E. sceaggw, nair), gave rise to the pers. names Skegg-r and Skeggi] Richard Skegge. — Chesh. ChmbrlnsWAccts., A.D. 1303-4. SKEGGS, Skegg's (Son): v. Skegg. SKELBECK (Scand.) Dweller at the Crooked Brook [O.N. skialg-r (= O.E. scMh) crooked -|- bekk-r, a brook] SKELDING, a form of Scolding, q.v. But the second element of the Yorks place-name Skelding may be the O.N. eng, a meadow. SKELETON, a corrupt form of Skelton, q.v. SKELLAN l (Celt.) Shield [Ir. Sce{a)llan,i. SKELLON 1 sceall, a shield -f the dim. suif. -an'] SKELLAND (Scand. or N.Eng.) Dweller at the Crooked (Piece of) Land [O.N. skialg-r = O.E. scMk, crooked -|- land] (Celt.) for Skellan, q.v. SKELLHORN "I (Scand. orN.Eng.) Dweller at SKELLORN J (app.) the Crooked Horn f-shaped piece of land) [O.N. skialg-r = O.E. scMh, crooked -)-Aor«, a horn, corner] SKELLY (Celt.) St^ry-Teller, Historian \\x. Scialaidhe (=Ga.e\. sgeulaiche), i. sc^al (also sc^ul), O.Ir. sc^l, a story, tale -|- the pers. suff. -aidhe] There seems to have been some con- fusion with Scully, q.v. SKELTON (Eng.) Bel. to Skelton— a Northern (guttural) form of Shelton, q.v. Two of the Yorks places were Scheltun and Scheltone in Domesday-Book, Skene 165 Skrymsher SKENE (Celt.) i Bel. to Skene (Aberdeen) [The place is prob. named from Loch Skene, as there is also a Loch Skene in Dumfriesshire (as well as a Lough Skean in Ireland); and as several lochs are narned from the colour of their water the connex- ion maybe with Gael. sgean(n, cleanliness, brightness, app. cognate with O.Norse skina = E. 'shine'] 2 Squint-Eyed; Wild-Eyed [f. Gael. sgean, n., a squint, v. 'to look awry' = Ir. sgean, 'a wild or mad look' (M.Ir. seen, affright]' SKEPPER = Skipper, q.v. SKERRY (Scand.) Dweller at a Rocky Isle [O.N. sker, a rock + ey, an isle] SKETCH LEY (? Scand. + Eng.) Bel. to Sketchley (Leic), form. Skechley [the first element is app. a partly^ palatalized form of the O.N. pers. name Skakk-r = crooked (cp. the A.-Sax. pers. name SccBccd): — -t- M.E. ley, O.E. ledh, meadow] But early forms are desirable. SKETT = Skeat, q.v. SKEVINGTON = Skefflngton, q.v. SKEY (Celt.) = Skae, q.v. (Scand.) Dweller at a Promontory [O.N. skagi\ SKID BY (Scand.) Bel. to Skidby (E. Yorks), Domesday Sckitebi = Skyti's Estate [O.N. skytt (geriit. skyta), shooter, archer ( = 0.E. scytta) + O.N. bS-r, estate, farm, etc.] SKIDMORE (Scand.) Bel. to Skidmoor, a.d 1319 Skydemor [the first element is prob. that seen in Skidby -|- O.N. mdr, a moor, heath] SKIFFINGTON ;= Skefflngton, q.v. We may compare the Leic. skip as a var. oiskep, 'basket', &c. (' Leic. Gloss.'p. 241.) SK I FTLI N G (Scand.) Changeling [a var. (with the dim. suff. -/) of the Dan.-Norw. ski/ting, a changeling ; f. siifte, O.N. skipta, to shift, change, etc.] This name occurs in the Yorks PoU- Tax A.D. 1379 as Skyftlyng and Skyffilyng. SKILBECK = Skelbeck, q.v. lKlLLEN}^^'^-°^SkeIlan,q.v. SKILLICORN \ (Manx), early -1 6th -cent. SKILLICORNE I Skylycorne, Shillicorne, "a name peculiar to the Isle of Man, is puzzling : it is most prob. derived from a local name, nowforgottfen, beginning with the word sMUsi 'rock' [cp. Ir. scillec, 'splinter of a stone']: we have Skellig and Cornaa separately among our local names, but not in combination." — Moore, Manx Names, p. 58. SKILLING,aNorth.orScand. form of Shilling, q.v. [cp. Dan.-Norw. skilling, a halfpenny, Swed. skilling, a farthing; f. O.N. skilling-r, m., (i) pi. money, (2) Shilling (the borrowed Gael, sgillinn = penny] SKILLMAN (A.-Scand.), found in the Eastern counties in the 13th cent, as Skileman, Skyleman, is evid. an Anglicized fbrm of the O.N. skila-maiS-r, 'trustworthy man'. [O.N. skil (genit. pi. skila)i discernment, knowledge, reason, etc; (E. skill) + ma'S-i; man] SKILTON = Skelton,q.v. SKINNER (A.-Scand.) Flayer (of Hides); HiDE-DEAtER ; Tanner [M.E. skynner{e, O.N. skinnari ; f. O.N. skinn, skin, fur] Robert le Skynnere. — Pari. Writs, A.D. 1302. SKIPP : the guttural form of Shipp, q.v. [O.N. skip=T)xA. schip (pron. almost skip), a ship] SKIPPER (Low Teut.) Shipmaster; orig. Sailor [M.E. skipper{e, Dan.-Norw- skipper = Swed. skeppare, shipmaster — O.N. skipari, sailor, seaman ; also Dut. schipper (pron. almost skipper), captain, master, boatman] Cp. Shipper. SKIPTON, a Northern form of Shipton, q.v. [O.N.E. sdp, sheep] The two Yorkshire Skiptons were resp. Scipton and Schipetune in Domesday-Book. SKIPWITH (Teut.) Bel. to Skipwith (Yorks) [M.N.E. skip, O.N.E. sclp, sheep + -with, O.N. uiS-r, a wood] Will'us Skipwith.— Charter-Rolls, A.D. 1377-8. But the second element seems to have changed since the nth cent., as the Domesday form (twice) was Schipewic [O.E. wic, a place] SKIPWORTH for Skipwith, q.v. SKIRBECK (Scand.) Dweller at the Clear Brook \0M. skirr, cleax-\-bekk-r, a brook] SKIRLAUGH (Scand.) Dweller at the Clear Brook [O.N. skirr, clear -|- loik-r, a brook] SKIRMISHER] (A.-Fr.-Teut.) Fighter, Fen- SKRIMSHIRE I CER, Instructor - IN - Arms SKRYMSHER J [M.E. skrymsher, skirmisour, etc.; O.Fr. eskermisor, fencer (cp. Fr. escarmoucheur, skirmisher) ; O.H.Ger. Sherman, scirmen, to defend, fight] Skirrow t66 Sleddall SKIRROW (Scand.) Dweller at the Sheer or Bright Hill or Bluff [O.N. sMrr, sheer, bright + haug-r, a how, hill] A Skyrhow occurs ia the' Yorks PoU- Tax A.D. 1379. SKITT, a weak form of Skeat, q.v. SKOTT = Scott, q.v. SKOTTOW(E (Scand.) Bel. to Scottow (Norf.), 14th cent. Skothow, 1 3th cent. Scothowe [O.N. haug-r, a hill, mound : the first elenient is rather a pers. name than O.N. skot, a shooting, shot] SK0ULDIN6 = Scolding, q.v. SKUDDER (Teut.), formerly (1604) Shifter, is doubtless the Dut. schutter \scH- almost as sk-), 'a shooter', 'marksman', 'archer' : if the orig. form were really 'Skudder' it would represent the Dut. schudder, 'a shaker', f. schudden, 'to shake'. SKULL (Scand.) the Norse Skule: v. under Sculthorpe. This name occurs in the Line. Hundred- Rolls (A.D. 1274) as Scowle. SKURRAY\(Celt.) for the Ir. O'Scuiridh = SKURRY J Grandson of Scor(a)idh {dh mute), i.e. a Champion [Ir. scor, champion, etc. + the pers. suff. a)idh\ (Scand.) = Scupp (q.v.) + the E. dim. sufif. -y. SKYNER SKYNNER I = Skinnep, q.v. Will'us le Skynner.— Inq. ad q. Damn., A.D. 1343. SLACK (Eng. and Scand.) Slow, Lazv [O.E. slcBc = d.N. slak-r\ (Scand.) Dweller at a Hill-Cleft or Valley [cp. O.N. slakki, a slope] Johannes del Slak'. — Yorks Poll-Tax, A.D. 1379. SLADE (Eng.) Dweller at a Valley or Dell \M.E. slade, O.^. slced\ John atte Slade.— CZose Rolls, A.D. 1346. For he [Little John] found tow of his owne fellowes Were slaine both in a slade, — 'Robin Hood and Guy of Gisborne,' 55-6; Percy's Reliques. ...down through the deeper slades. — Drayton, PolyoMon, xiv. 290. SLADEN (Eng.) Bel. to Sladen; or Dweller at the Sloe- Valley [O.E. sld (obi. and pi. sldn), sloe + denu, valley] Quenilda de Slaneden. — Lane. Assine-Rolls, A.D. 1246. Johannes Sladen. — Yorks Poll-Tax, A.D. 1379. SLAGG, a voiced form of Slack, q.v. Cp. Gael, slag, 'a hollow' (Lewis), from Scand. SLAPE (Eng.) Dweller at'a Slope [M.E. and Dial. E. slape ; I. a var. (*sUpan) of O.E. > sMpan (pp. slopen), to slip] Randulph atte Slape. — - ' Soms. Subs.-RoU, A.D. 1327. (Scand.) Crafty, Sly [O.N. sleip-r, slippery, etc.] SLATE, a var. of Slett, q.v. SLATER SLATTE «}'• Sclatep. SLATTERY (Celt.) i Straight, Tall [Ir. slatarrd\ 2 Strong, Robust [Ir. slatra] SLAUGHTER (Eng.) i for Slaughterer; Butcher [f. M.E. slaught, O.E. sleaht, slaughter] Cp. Ger. schldchter, 'slaughterer'. 2 Bel. to Slaughter (Glouc), 14th cent. Sloghtre, 13th cent. Sloutre = the Sloe- Tree [O.E. sld(k,s\oe + triow (M.E. tre), tree] iLAVrN* } = ^'^^®"' ^'^^'"' I'- SLAY, a var. of Sly, q.v. [M.E. sleh, etc : cp. O.N. slcBg-r, sloeg-r, cunning] SLAYMAKER (Eng.), Weaver's Reed or Shuttle Maker [M.E. slaymaker; f. O.E. sled, a weaver's reed, and macian, to make] SLAYMAN (Eng.) i Weaver's Reed or Shuttle Maker [M.E. slay, O.E. sled, a weaver's reed] 2 a var. of Slyman, q.v. SLAYTER = Slatep, Sclatep, q.v. SLAYWRIGHT (Eng.) Weaver's Reed or Shuttle Maker [M.E. slaywright, sla- wryghte; O.E.sled, a weaver's leed+wyrhta, a maker] SLEAP (Eng.) Bel. to Sleap (Salop: 13th cent. Slepe); or Dweller at the Slip or Slope [f. O.E. slipan (pt. sing. sUap), to slip] Cp. Sleep. SLEATH (Eng. and Scand.) Cruel, Fierce, Severe [O.E. slKe = O.N. sKS-r] SLEDDALL (Scand.) Bel. to Sleddale (Westmld.), i6th cent. Sleddall, 13th cent. Sleddal [O.N. dal-^, a valley : the first element is .app. O.N. sUtt-r, flat, smooth, evenj Slee 167 Slowe SLEE, a N.E. and Scot, form of Sly, q.v. But little did her auld minny ken What thir [O.N. \ieir, they] slee twa togither were sayn.-^- The Gaherlunyie Man, 14-15. SLEEMAN \ I = Slee (q.v.) + man. SLEMAN J (rarely) 2 a var. of Slayman', q.v. SLEEP (Eng.) Bel. to Sleep (Herts); or Dwel- ler at the Sup or Slope [v. under Sleap] SLEEPER, V. Slipper^ SLEET = Slight, q.v. SLEIGH = Sly, q.v. This clerk was clepedhende Nicholas ... And ther-to he was sleigh and ful privee.— Chaucer, Cant. Tales, A 3199, 3201. SLEIGHT = Slight, q.v. SLEITH = Sleath, q.v. SLEMMAN \ _ Qi„^o„ n„ SLEMMON 1 = Sleeman, q.v. SLETT(Scand.) Dweller at a Plain or Level Field [O.N. sUttd\ SLEVEN ) (Celt.) for the Ir. O'Sleibhin = De- SLEVIN J SCENDANT OF Sliabhin [Ir. d or ua, grandson, descendant ; sMibh, genit. pf sliabh, m., mountain -f- the dim. suff. -in\ SLICK (Eng. and Scand.) Sleek, Smooth ; Cunning [M.E. sli{c)ke, O.E. slic = O.N. slik-r'\ SLIGHT (Teut.) Simple, Plain, Honest; Slender [M.E. slight, plain, smooth, simple: O.L.Ger. slight^ even, plain, simple: cp. Dut. slecht (earlier slicht), simple, plain, base; W.Fris. sliuchi (O.Fris. sliuht), smooth, simple ; Goth, slaiht-s, smooth, etc. ; Ger. schlicht (O.H.Ger. sleht), .plain, straightforward, smooth, simple; and O.N. slett-r, plain, flat, smooth] SLIIVI(M)ON 1 SLIMMOND \ for Sleeman, q.v. SLIMOND ) SLING (Scand.) Clever, Dexterous, Expert [O.N. slyng-r\ SLINGER (Scand.) the M.N.E. (Yorks,, 14th cent.) Slenger, Slynger [f. O.N- slyngua, slongua, to sling ; whence Dah.-Norw. slynge = Swed. slunga, to sling, and Swed. slungare, slinger] SLINGSBY (Scand.) BeL to Slingsby (Yorks), r4th cent. Slyngeshy, Domesday Selungesbi .=■ Slyng's Farm or Estate [v. under Sling, and -I- O.N. 6ji-r, farmstead, etc.] SLIPPER (Eng.) Short for Sword-Slipper, i.e. Sup- or Scabbard - Maker [f. M.Q. slip(p)en, to slip ; f. a var. of O.E. sUpan, to slip, glide] (Scand.) Grinder, Whetter, Polisher [p.N.sUpari, whence Dan.-Norw. sliber, Swed. slipare {slipa, to sharpen, etc.); and cp. Dut. slijper, grinder, etc.] Brand quotes two i6);h-cent. Newcastle instances of the trade-name sword-slipper, and Halliwell a 17th - cent. Hexham example of sword-sliper. It is really doubt- ful whether the 14th - cent. Yorkshire occupative surnames Swerdslyper and Swerdsliper belong to 1 or 2. Cp. Sleeper. SLOAN "1 (Celt.) Soldier, Warrior [Ir. SLOAN E J Sluaghan,Sluaghadhan(ia.ter,ns}iz\\y in the genit. with the 'son' prefix, as MacSluaghadhain); f. Ir. sluagh, army, host, with (in the case of the second form) the suff. -adh + the dim. suff. ■dn\ Cp. Sloyan. 5f-2S2!l^r, \ (Eng.) I Bel. to Slocombe ; or SLOCOMB Dweller at the SLOE(-tree)i SLOCOMBE 1 Valley or Hollow [O.^.sld IlSoumb + --* (^- *^« C^"-)- -i\7^ SLOKAM ; J A Slacomb occurs in a Somerset charter a.d. 942 : 'Cart. Sax.' no. 776 ; and Slo- eombe is mentioned in a Devonshire 'Inq. ad q. Damn.' a.d. 1316-7. 2 for Slow-Come, a nickname for a Sluggard [O.E. sldw, slow ; cuman (pret. sing. c6m), to come] SLOLEY (Eng.) Bel. to Sloley (Norf. ; 13th cent. S/tfZe>'^) = the SLOE(-tree)-LEA [O.E. sld + ledhl SLOMAN 1„ SLOMONJ • . Slowman. SLOPER (Eng. and Scand.) Slop-Maker or -Dealer [M.E. slop(p)e, an outer garment (easily slipped on), O.E. o{ei-sl6p, a sur- plice, O.N. slopp-r, a loose gown, surplice; f. O.E. slApan, to slip, p.p. slopen — O.N. sleppa, p.p. sloppinn] Agatha le Slopere.— H^M«rf. Rolls. SLOTT (Low Teut.) Dweller at a Castle or Stronghold [M.E. slot, Dut. slot (= Ger. scA/oM, a lock, castle) ; f. Dut. sluiten, to shut, lock] Walter de la Slot.— Hund. Rolls. SLOW "1 (Eng.) I Dweller at the Slough or SLOWE ; Bog [O.E. sUli] The entry in the Bucks Hundred-Rolls (a.d. 1274), 'Stephen de la Slou', evid. refers to Slough. Now is my cart out of the slow, pardee ! —•Chaucer, CtmU Tales, D 1565. Slowley 168 Smeed With conquering ploughs He furrows up cold Strymon's slymie slows. — Sylvester, The Colonies {a-.d. i6ii), 223. 2 Sluggardly, Lazy [O.E. sldwl The antithesis of Snell, q.v. ll:8;:i:nf-sio.ey.q.v. SLOWMAN = Slow (q.v.) + E. man. SLOYAN "1 (Celt.) = Sloan, q.v. But (unlike SLOYNE J Sloan) Sloyan, Sloyne, seem to be descended from forms with the 'grandson' prefix, as O'Sluaghain (with the dim. suff. -dn genit. inflected), O'Sluaighin (with the stem genit. infl. and with the dim. suff. -i«),etc. SLY ^(A.-Scand.) Cunning, Skilful, Art- SLYE J FUL [M.E. sly, sligh, sle{i)h, etc. ; O.N. slag-r, slceg-r\ Cp. Slee. SLYMAN I = Sly (q.v.) + E. man. 2 conf. with SlaymanS q.v. SMAIL "I forms (usually North.) of Small, SMALE J q.v. Henry le Smale, A.D. 1277-8.— Vale Royal Ledger-Bk. SMAITHWAITE (Scand.) Bel. to Smaithwaite (nr. Keswick) ; or Dweller at the Small Clearing [O.N. smd-r + ^ueit\ SMALEMAN = Smallman, q.v. Cp. Small, Smale. SMALL (Eng.) Litile, Slender [M.E. smal(le, stnaill, etc., O.E. smcel (= O.Sax. O.H.Ger. and Scand. smal\ This name has been used as the Eng. equivalent of the Irish Keelty (O'Caoiltigh) [f. Ir. caol, small]. SMALLBONE 1 (Eng.) the second element SMALLBONES J of these nicknames (i6th cent. Smalbone) may refer to 'leg(s' rather than 'bone(s' proper [O.E. hdn, bone, leg = O.N. and Ger. bein, bone, leg] SMALLCOMBE (Eng.) Bel. to Smallcombe (Soms.: 14th cent. Smalecome); or Dweller at the Small Valley [v. Small and Combe] SMALLEY (Eng. ; Eng. and Scand.) Bel. to Smalley; or Dweller at 1 the Small Lea [O.E. smcel + ledh] 2 the Small Hey or Hay (Enclosure or Pasture) [M.E. smaKJe, O.E. smcil = Scand. smal, small-|- M.E. hey, hay, hagh{e, O.E. ge)hcBg, haga = O.N. hagi, enclosure, pasture, etc.] Alicia Smalhaghe. — Yorks Poll-Tax, A.D. 1379. SMALLMAN (Eng.) Little or SLENbER Man [v. Small, and + man] SMAL(L)PAGE (Eng.) Little or Slender Page [v. Small and Page] SMALLPIECE (E. + Fr.) Dweller at a Small Field or Enclosure [v. under Small, and + Dial. E. piece, a piece of land, enclosure or field — M.E. pece, O.Fr. piece ; of Celt. orig.] SMALLSHANKS (Eng.) Little or Slender Legs [v. Small, and + the pi. of M.E. shankie, O.E. scanca, a shank, leg] SMALLSHAW (Eng.) Dweller at the Little or Narrow Wood [v. under Small, and + O.E. scaga, a wood] SMALLTHWAITE (Scand.) Dweller at the Narrow Clearing [O.N. smal-r + ]'ueii] SMART "I (Eng.) Quick, Sharp [M.E. SMARTT J smart{e,smert{e,shaTp, quick, pain- ful ; O.E. smeari] SMEATH (Eng.) i Smooth, Polished, Suave [M.E. smeth{e, O.E. smdj-e] Philip le Smethe.-^iy«Krf. Rolls. 2 Dweller at a Plain or Level Field [same etym.] (occ.) 3 for Smith, q.v. Cp. Smeeth. SMEATHAM = Smetham, q.v. SMEATHMAN = Smeath (q.v.) -|- man. SM EATON (Eng.) Bel. to Smeaton (Yorks"), Smeeton (Leic), &c. = i the Smooth or Ft AT Enclosure [O.E. sme]>e + tun\ 2 the Smith's or Smiths' Place [O.E. smi^, genit. pi. smPfa -f tlin\ 3 the Small Enclosure or Farm [v. Smee] One of the Yorkshire Smeatons was Smt\'atAn in the loth cent. ('Cart. Sax.' no.i2S5.) In Domesday-Book, Gt. Smeaton (Yorks) was Smidetune and Smidetone; Little Smeaton (Yorks), Smidetune and Smedetone ; > Kirk Smeaton (Yorks), Smedeton(e ; Smeeton (Leic), Smitone. SM EDLEY (Eng.) Bel. to Smedley (Lanes), a.d. 1505 Smetheley = the Smooth or Flat Lea [O.E. sme^e + ledh] SMEE (Teut.) i Small [cp. V>vitsmi- and Fris. sme- (as in Dut. smient, Fris. smM, lit. 'small duck', smew) = Dan.-Norw. smaa, O.N. smd-r = O.H.Ger. smdhi, small] (rarely) 2 an apocopated form of Smeath, q.v. SMEED = Smeeth, Smeath, q.v. Smeeth 169 Smitton SMEETH = Smeath, q.v. The Kentish parish Smeeth was Smethe in the 13th cent. SMEETON, V. Smeaton. SMELLIE, a var. of Smalley, q.v. [(;p. W.Fris. smel, small, narrow] SMELT (Eng.) Gentle, Sdn, Mild [O.E. smeoli\ William Smelt.— ifuwrf. Rolls. \ (Eng.) Bel. to Smerden (Kent) J [O.E. denu, a valley : the first SMETHEM SMERDEN SMERDON . . element seems to be the O.E. sme{o)ro, fat, grease, and may be from the plant-name smerwort] r^ "I (Eng.) Dweller at i the Smooth 1 J or Level Enclosure [O.E. sm^e, smooth, etc. -f- ham{m, enclosure, piece of land] 2 the Smith's Enclosure [O.E. smi'f, , smith] SMETHICK for Smethwiok. SMETHURST (Eng.) Dweller at i the Wood on the Smeeth or Plain [v. under Smeeth, Smeath', and + O.E. hyrst, a wood] 2 the Smith's Wood [O.E. smi^, smith] SMETHWICK (Eng.) Bel. to Smethwick; or Dweller at i the Village on the Smeeth or Plain [v. under Smeeth, Smeath', and + O.E. wic, dwelling(s] 2 the Smith's Place [O.E. smiJf, smith] The Staffordshire Smethwick was Smedewich (d for th, ch as k) in Domesday- Book : it "lies on a plain at the foot of the Rowley Hills." The Cheshire Smelhwick was Smethewik A.D. 1431-2. SMILTER (Teut.) SMELTER[f. M.Dut. smilten, Dut. smelten = Dan.-Norw. smelte, Swed. smdlta, to smelt ; with the agent, suff. -er\ SMIRTHWAITE, v. Smurthwaite. SMISBY (Scand.) Bel. to Smisby (Derby), earlier Smithesby = the Smith's Place [the genit. of O.N. smiS-r + b;f-r] SMITH (Eng. and Scand.) i Worker with the Hammer [O.E. smi} or smi^ = O.N. smiS-r (=Goth. smi^a\ Se Smi^ secg]j: Hwanon J>a.m yrflinge sylan-scear ojj|;e culter, fie n& gade haefj>, baton of crsefte minon? Hwanon flscere ancgel, ofl'e sce6-wyrhtan cfel, ojjfie s6a- mere ncfedl, nis hit of minon geweotce ? (The Smith saith : Whence the plough- man [his] ploughshare or coulter, who no goad hatn, without my craft? Whence the fisherman [his] hook, or the shoe- maker [his] awl, or the tailor [his] needle, unless through my work ?) Ic hsebbe smi^as, isene-smijias, gold- smij), seolfor-smij;, cfer-smi]?, tr6ow-Wyrht- an, and manega 6fire mistlicra cr3efta bigengeras. (I have smiths, iron-smiths (black- smiths), goldsmith, silversmith, brass- smith, carpenter(s, and many other tradesmen of various crafts,) — JElfrici Colloquium, loth cent. Many Celtic Cairds and Gows, Gowans, and MacGowans, and many German Schmidts, have translated themselves into English Smiths. (occ.) 2 for Smeeth, Smeath, q.v. Cp. Smyth(e. SMITHAM 1 (Eng.) i Dweller at the Smith's SMITHEM J Enclosure [O.E. switS + ham{m enclosure, piece of land, dwelling] 2 for Smetham", q.v. SMITH EM AN \ (Eng.) Smith's Man [v. SMITHMAN J Smith, and -)- E. OTa«] Smytheman and Smythmati are the forms in the Yorks PoU-Tax, a.d. 1379. SMITHER = Smith (q.v.) -f- the agent, suff. -er [cp. Dut. smeder, 'forger' ; also O.H. Ger. smeidar, ' artifex '] SMITHERMAN (Eng.) Smither's Man [v. Smithep, and -|- E. man] SMITHERS (Eng.) i Smither's (Son): v. Smither. 2 conf. with Smithurst, q.v. SMITHETT, a corrupt form of iSmaithwaite, q-v. 2 Smipthwalte, Smurthwaite, q.v. SMITHIES 1 (Eng.) Dweller or Worker at SMITHYESJ the Smithies [O.E. smiSSe, smithy] SMITHSON, Smith's Son : v. Smith. SMITHURST (Eng.) i Dweller at the Smith's Wood [O.E. smi^ + hyrst, a wood] 2 for Smethupst', q.v. Lawrence Smythurst and Henry Smyth- urst (of Lomax, Bury).— Lattc- Fines, A.D. 1546. SMITHWAITE 1 for Smaithwaite, q.v. 2 for Smirthwaite, Smurthwaite, q.v. SMITHWICK (Eng.) i Dweller at the Smith's Place [O.E. smiti + wic] 2 for SmethwIckS q.v. SMITTON, v, Smeaton, Smocker 170 Snell SMOCKER 1 (Eng.) Smock- Maker or SM0(0)KER; -Dealer [M.E. smoher, etc.; f. M.E. smok, O.E. smocic = O.N. smokk-r] SMOLLETT (Eng.) Small-Head [O.E. smal + hedfod] SMORFITT (Teut.) This is hardly lilcely to be a corrupt form of Smurthwaite. In names, a second (unstressed) element -Jit(t usually represents -foot; and, in fact, Bardsley mentions the surname 5mM;/oote as occurr- ing in a i7th-cent. London register. But it is not very probable that the first element here is the O.N. smior (Dan.- NoTw.smor), 'butter'; and possibly it is (with intrus. -r) for O.N. smd-r (Dan.- Norw. smaa, pron. stnaw), ' small.' SMORTHIT, for Smor^hwaite, Smur- thwaite, q.v. SMORTHWAITEl (Scand.) Bel. to Smor- SMURTHWAITEJ thwaite or Smurthwaite [The second element is the O.N. ^ueit, a clearing : if the first element is the O.N. smior = Dan.-Norw. smor, butter (cp. the Yorks place-name Butterthwaite), it must rather be the flower-name (cp. Dan.-Norw. smorblomst, buttercup) ; the possibility, however, of the first element being for O.N. smd-r = Dan.-Norw. smaa (pron. smaw), small, must be considered ; but cp. Smaithwaite] SMYE, a var. of Smee, q.v. SMYTH SMYTHE I William le Smyth. — Hund. Rolls, A.D. 1274. W: Srhythe et alii. — Cal. Inq. ad q. Damn., A.D. 1315-16. Wher {"is is not a smy^, Jie sone of Marie . . . ?— 5f. Mark, vi. 3 : Wycliffe. Hys Sworde upon the schireff hed Sertanly he brake in too : 'The smyth that the made', seid Robyn, 'I pray God wyrke him woo'.— Rohvn Hode and the Munke, 1 13-16. SMYTHERS = Smithers, q.v. SMYTHSON, Smyth's Son : Smith. . I M.E. forms of Smith, q.v. V. Smyth, SNAILHAM (Eng.) Bel. to Snailham(Suss.) = (prob.) the Snail-Land [O.E. snegl, sncegl + ham(tn, a piece of land] SNAILWELL(Eng.) Bel. to SnailweU (Camb.), A.D. 1336 Sneilwelle = the Snail-Spring [O.E. snegl, sncegl + w(i)ella\ SNAITH (Scand.) Bel. to Snaith (Yorks : 14th cent. Snayth) — the Cut-off Piece of Land ; or Clearing [O.N. s««tS (f. snf&a, to cut) = O.E' i«(6rf] Cp. Snead, Sneath. SNAPE (Eng.) Bel. to Snape ; or Dweller at the Snipped (i.e. Cut-off) Piece of Land [M.E. snaype, snap{e, O.E. *sndp, snckp ('Cart. Sax', no. 1124), f. O.E. *snipan, to snip = Dut. and Fris. snippen, to cut into small pieces: cp. Dial. E. sneap, to nip, etc., and E.Fris. smp(pe, a small piece of land] Henry de la Snape.— fl«»rf. Rolls (Suss.) Snape, Suff., was Snape a.d. 1310-11 ; Snape, Yorks, was Snaype in the 14th cent.; Snape, Lanes, Snape in the 14th and ijth cent., but we find an 'Alan del Snap' in a Lane. Inq. ad q. Damn. a.d. "323- SNARR (Scand.) Quick, Swift; Bold [O.N. s?mrr. (Dan.-Norw. snar] , SNAYLAM = Snallham, q.v.- SNAZEL ] (Eng.) Bel. to Snazell, app. the SNAZELL V Sneleshall mentioned in the SNAZLE J Charter-Rolls for Bucks a.d. 1226-7 = Snel's Hall [y. under Snell, and + O.E. h{e)all, a hall] This is more likely than a connexion with the Glouc. place-name .Snowshill, a.d. 1318-19 SnosehuU. SNEAD 1 (Eng.) Bel. to Snead or Sneath SNEED \ = the Cut-off Piece of Land; SNEATH I or Clearing [O.E. sndsd (=0.N. sttei^ ; f. sntSan, to cut] Snead, Montgora., was Snethe a.d. 1226-7; Snead, Wore, was Snede a.d. 1328-9, as was the Staff. Sneyd in 1410. Cp. Snaith. SNEE, the Scand. form of Snow, q.v. [Dan.- , Norw. sne(e, O.N. snee-r, snow] SN EESAM 1 (Eng.) Bel. to Snettisham (Norf.), SNEEZUM I 13th cent. Snetisham, Snetesham, = Snet's Home [the pers. name (in the genit.) is f. a variant of O.E. snytrian, to be wise : 1- O.E. hdm, home, estate] SNELGROVE (Eng.) Dweller at a Snail- Grove [O.E. sne(g)l + grdf] SNELL (Eng.) Quick, Active, Agile ; earlier also Bold, Brave [O.E. snel(l = O.Sax. O.H.Ger. . snel(l (mod. schnell) = Dut. snel] . . . se snella sunu Wonredes (. . . the agile son of Wonred). — Beowulf, S934-S. M& sendon t6 J)6, scfemen snelle.— The Battle of Maldon (A.I).gg3),n. 56-7 (29). Sythyne wente into Wales with his wyes [men] ^lle, Sweysinto Swaldye with his snelle houndes, for to hunt at the hartes in thas hye laundes. — Morte Arthure (E.E.T.S.), 11. 56-8 S^A.—Hund. Rolls. William Snell. — do^ Snell^ove 171 5oare SNEULGROVE = Snelgnove, q.v. SMELLING (Eng.)the A.-Sax. Sneling, Snellirtg (Domesday Snelling) = Snel(l)'s Son [v. under Snell, and + the O.E. fil. suft. -ing\ Snelling TuUinges sunu. — I ith-cent. Manum.; Thorpe, Dipl. Angl, p. 633. SNELSOn (Eng.) i Snel's Son : v. Snell. 2 Bel. to (a) Snelson (Chesh.), 14th cent. Snelleston, Domesday Senelestune = Snel(l)'s Estate [v. under Snell, and + O.E. 14th cent. Snytall, Domesday SNIDLE J Snitehala, Snitehale = the Snipe- Corner [O.E. snite, a snipe + h{e)al{h, a corner], SNIDER, an Anglicized form of the Dut. snijder = Gex. Schneider, M.H.Ger. snldare, = O.N. sniddari, 'cutter', 'tailor,' SNITTERBY (Scand.)BeL to Snitterby (Lines: A.D. 1314-15 Snytterby) = Snyth's Estate [the pers. name is f. a var. of O.N. snotr, wise : 1- O.N. 6^-r, estate, farm, etc] SNITTERTON (Eng.) Bel. to Sriitterton (Derby: A.D. iz^%-ig Snytterton) = Snytre's Estate [the pers. name is f. O.K. snytre, a var. of snotor, wise :- — [-O.E. tun, estate, farm, etc.] SNOAD 1 (Eng.) theA.-Sax. pers. (nick-) name SNOOD ] Snod(d)a [f. O.E, snod, a fillet, a kind ;of head-dress; cognate with O.N. smi'S-r, a twist, twirl, and Swed. snodd (pp. of sno, to twist), a string, cord] Snod Servians . . . —Hund. Rolls. SNODDEN, V. Snowden. SNODDON, V. Snowdon. SNODGRASS (Eng. or Scand.) Dweller at the Smooth Grass or Lawn [North. Dial. E. and Scot, snod, smooth, trim, pruned : cp. O.E. sttddan, to trim, prune ; ahd O.N. jMoSS-2»«, bald, smooth] SNODIN, V. Snowden. SNOOK "l(Eng.)i the A.-Sax. pers. (nick-) SNOOKE j name Snoc [conn, with Dut. snoek, a pike ; the root-idea being 'something markedly projecting'; hence the word was prob, applied to a long-nosed individual] 2 Dweller at a Point, Small Headland, or Pointed Rock [Dial. E. snook = Scot. snuk{e, 'a small promontory'; Early Eng. snok ('west snok') occurring in a late version of a Somerset charter dated a.d. 975 ('Cart. Sax.' no. 1313): see i] Robert Snouk. — Lay Subs. Roll (Soms.), A.D. 1327. 3 Bel. to Sevenoak(s (Kent), 14th cent. ' Sevenoke, Sevenok, 13th cent. Sevenac' = the Seven Oaks [O.E. seofon, seven -|- ckc, pi of dc, oak-tree] The transition (by syncope) from Sevenoak(s to Snookfs is well authent- icated. SNOOKS, genit., and pi., ofSnook, q.v. SNOW (Eng.) Born in the time of Snow [M.E. snou, snow, O.E. sndnsi] William Snou. — Hund. Rolls. The Dan.-Norw. snu, 'sly,' 'cunning/ has prob. not affected this name. SNOWBALL is a nickname of comparatively mod. orig. SNOWDEN \ (Eng.) Dweller at the Snow SNOWDON J Hill [O.E. sndw + diin] John Snowdone. — Lay Subs. RolHSoma.), A.D. 1327. There are hamlets called Upper and Lower Snowden in W. Yorks, Snowden Close in Cumb., and a Snowdon Pool in Salop. The (unstressed) suff. -don is freq. mutated to -den. The first element. Snow-, may sometimes be used fig. for colour (cp. Goldhill). The great Welsh mountain may occ. have contributed to this surname by the migration of a Welshman from its neighbourhood. SNYDER = Snider, q.v. SOAM \ (Scand.) Swarthy, Blackish, SOAME/ [O.N.sdm-r] SOAMES, Soam(e)'s (Son) : v. Soam(e. SOAN \ (Teut.) Son (a pet name) [M,E. SOANE / sone, O.E. sunu = Fris. soan = M.Dut. sone (Dut. zoon) = Ger. sohn, son] Cp. the French surname Fils. SOAN ES, Soan(e)'s (Son): v. Soan(e. SOAR \ CA.-Fr.-Teut.) With Reddish- SOARE J Brown or Yellowish-Brown Hair. [O.Fr. sorie (Fr. saur(e)-, of Teut. orig. : cp. Low Ger. soor = M.Dut. sore (Dut. zoor) ~ O.E. sedr, dry, withered] In our 13th and 14th cent, records we find the surnames 'le Sor', 'le Sore',aj\i Soares 172 Somersett 'le Soor'; Soar* appearing at the beginning of the 17th cent. As we might expect, the term was used as a name for a sorrel horse — For they had two steeds for to keep . . . And laid the sheild upon the soar, And then he rode the knight before. — Sir Gray Steill, 2306, 2309-10. SOARES, Soar(e)'s (Son) : v. Soap(e. SODEN = Sowden, q.v. SOLE (Eng.) Dweller by a (Muddy) Pond or Pool [Kent, sole; i. O.E. sol, mud, a puddle] In i3th-cent. Kentish rolls we find the surnames ' de la Sole ', 'atte Sole,' and ' de SoUs.' " The will of Jno. Franklyn, Rector ot Ickham, describes property as being ' Besyde the wateringe sole in thend [the end] of Yckhame streete.' " — Diet- Kent. Dial. (Parish and Shaw), p. 155. SOLES, pi. (and genit.) of Sole, q.v. SOLEY (Eng. or Celt. + E.) Bel. to Soley (End), Warw., the Domesday Soulege = =the (River) Sow-Lea [O.E. ledh] (Heb.) more usually Solly, q.v. SOLLER (A.-Lat.) One who lives in a Garret or Loft [M.E. soler(e ; O.E. solor or O.Fr. solier, both f. Lat. solari-um, ' a balcony or terrace exposed to the sun ' ] In the Hundred-Rolls both ' de Solaria ' and ' ad Solarium ' occur as surnames. SOLLOWAY for Solway, q.v. SOLLY, a (double) dim. of Solomon, q.v. [E. dim. suff. -y] ISiloMAN}^- Solomon. q.v. SOLOMON (Heb.) Peaceful, Peaceable [Vulgate Salomon, Gr. ZaKia/iiiv, Heb. Sh'ldmdh, f. shdldm, peace] When Solomon was born, David was a man whose strength had been exhausted in warfare and who was keenly sensible of the blessings of peace both for a king and a kingdom. Hence it was altogether natural that at that period of time he should have given the name Solomon to a son on whom he placed high expectations . . . The name was certainly one which indicated well a prominent and dis- tinctive feature of both the character and reign of Solomon. — Diet. Bible, ed. Hastings, iv. 560. See Salomon. The old form Salomon persists in the Tyndale (1534)1 Cranmer ^, (1539), and Rheims (1582) Bibles; but Solomon is the form in the Geneva Bible 1557) aiid, of course, in the Authorized "ersionof i6n. SOLOMONS, Solomon's (Sou). SOLWAY (prob. Celt.) One from the neigh- bourhood of the Solway Firth. [17th cent. Sulloway, c. 1300 Sulway : if the name is Celtic the connexion may be with the British tribe Selgovce (Ptolemy's Selgovoi), the base of which name is usually considered to be represented by O.Ir. selg (Gael, and Ir. sealg), a hunt ; ' but more likely the second element of ' Solway' is that seen in ' Medway ' and ' Wey,' viz. the early form of Wei. gwy, water, in which case the first element might be represented by Wei. sul, ' what extends round ' : if the name were Teu- tonic it could easily represent the O.N. cognate of O.E. sol, mud, wet sand-l-O.N. vdg-r,^!iha.y, "the chief characteristic of the Sblway being the sands exposed at low tide " ; but a Celt. orig. is more prob- able] (Eng.) for Salway = Dweller at the Hall-way [O.E. s\it, spar, a spar, beam. App. this place is not the Spareweham fO.E. spearwa, a sparrow) of the Charter-Rolls, A.D. 1226-7] SPAR HAWK (Eng.) Sparrowhawk [M.E. Sperhauk{e, Sparhavec, etc., Domesday Sperhavoc, A.-Sax. Spe{a)rhafoc ; f. spearwa, sparrow, and hafoc, hawk] The refusal of Archbishop Robert to consecrate SpearhafocXo the see of London [a.d. 1050] had just excited the minds of the people anew against the Franks. — Lapp. -Thorpe, A.-Sax. Kings, ii. 300. What mighte or may the sely larke seye Whan that the sperhauk hath it in his foot ?— Chaucer, Trail. & Cris., iji. 1191-2. SPARK \ (Eng.) an assim. form of Sparhawk, SPARKEJq.v. (Scand.) a nickname for a Gay Fellow, a Gallant [M.E. spark{e ; O.N. spark-r, lively, brisk] Robertus Spark. — Yorks Poll-Tax, A.D. 1379. Ere many days, in her fathers park, Just at the close of eve-a. Again she met with her angry sparke ; Which made this lady grieve-a.^ — 'The Baffled Knight,' 93-6: Percy's Religues. Cp. Sprake. |pARKf}SPARK(E)'s(Spn). SPARLING (teut.) = Spaprowj (q.v.) -)- the (double) dim. suff. -ling : cp. Ger. Sperling, 'sparrow.' SPARROW I (Epg.) a nickname from the SPARROWE J Sparrow [M.E. spar{e)wisi sparowe, etc., O.E. spearwa — Goth, sparma.\ ' 5parrowhawk 176 Spence SPARROWHAWK (Eng.) the fuller form of Sparhawk, q.v. SPARSHOLT "I (Eng.) Bel. to Sparsholt SPARSHOTT J (Berks: a.d. 963 and 1229 Speresholt; Hants: a.d. 900 Speoreshplt) [O.E. holt, a wood.: the first element looks like a' pers. name (in the genit.) f. O.E. spere = O.N. spior (pi.), a spear ; but the above two place-names would provide almost the only instances of this word (in O.E. neuter like O.Sax. sper) being used as a pers. name, and it is not improb. that the two holts in question were so named from their containing ash-trees suitable for spear-shafts ; the early forms quoted are against a derivation f, the O.E. cognate of O.N. sparri, a spar, beam] SPAUL "I (A.-Fr.-Lat.) One from St. Paul (a SPAULL J common French eccles. place- name) [Fr. saint ; Lat. sanct-us, holy ; and V. Paul] SPAULDING, V. Spalding. SPAWFORTH, V. SpofTorth. SPEAIGHT, V. Speight. SPEAK "1„ o„„^„ SPEAKEJ'-^P^'^^- SPEAKMAN (Eng.) Spokesman, Speaker, Orator [f. O.E. sp{r)ecan, to speak -I- manti\ Richard Spekeman. — Hund. Rolls- SPEAR (Eng.) i meton. for a Spearman [M.E. O.E. spere, a spear] 2 a form of Spyer, q.v. SPEARING (Eng.) i representing an A.-Sax. * S/>m«^=SPERE's Son [O.E. spere, a spear (neuter, like O.Sax. sper; hvA O.H.Ger. sper, as mod. speer, was mostly masc.) 4- the fil. suff. -ing\ Cp. Goring. 2 perh. also (on grammat. analogy) for , the A.-Sax. spyrigend, ' investigator ', 'explorer', 'scout'. SPEARIVIAN (Eng.) v. Spear, and -|- man. SPEARS, Spear's (Son) : v. Spear. SPECK = Speke, q.v. SPECKIVIAN = Speakman, q.v. SPEDDING for Speeding, q.v. SPEDDY for Speedy, q.v. SPEECHLEY"! (Eng.) Bel. to Spetchley SPEECHLY J (Wore. : a.d. 967 at Spceclea, A.D. 816 SpcBcleahtun) = the Speech-Lea (evid. a field where public meetings were held) [O.E. spate, speech, also ' palace of public speaking ' + ledh, m., dat. led, meadow, field] SPEED (Eng.) SUCCESS, FORTUNE, Pros- perity [O.E. sped] Roger Sped. — Hund. Rolls. SPEEDING (Eng.) representing an A.-Sax. *Speding= Sped's Son [O.E. spM, f., suc- cess, prosperity, etc. + the fil. suff. -ing] For ari analogous -!M5--formation on a fem. noun cp. the A.-Sax. Munding. SPEEDY (Eng.) Prosperous, Fortunate; (later) Swift [O.Y.. spSdig] SPEER = Spear, q.v. SPEERS = Spears, q.v. SPEET 1 (Teut.) a nickname from the S P E i G H T J Woodpecker [M.E. spe(i)ght, etc. : cp. Dut. and Ger. specht (O.H.Ger. speht), woodpecker] Hugo Speght. — Yorks Poll-Tax, A.D. 1379. Eve, walking forth about the forrests, gathers Speights, parrots, peacocks, estrich scatter'd feathers.— Sylvester's tr. Du Bartas; T. Wright. SPEIR = Spear (esp. '), q.v. SPEIRS, Speir's (Son). SPEKE (Eng.) Bel. to Speke (Lanes : Domes- day S/>ec) [a North, form of O.E. spAc, lit. speech, also ' place of pubUc speaking ' : cp. O.E. sp{r)e, serviceable] John le Stalewrthe.— i^MBrf. Rolls. STALMINE (Scand.) Bel. to Stalmine (N.Lancs), 13th cent. Stalmyn, Staleminne, Stalmin, Domesday Stalmin [the second element is O.N. minni, mynni, mouth (of a river, valley, etc.) ; in Engl, usage app. also applied to a junction of roads : the first element is either O.N. stalli, (heathen) altar, qx stuU-r^ % staUj Stamford 183 Standring: STAMFORD (Eng.) Bel. to Stamford (Lines : A.-Sax. . Stdnford), Stamford (Bridge) (Yorks: A.-Sax. Stdnford (Bricg) = tiie Stone-Ford (i.e. a ford whose passage was facilitated by stones.) STAMFORDHAM (Eng.) Bel. to Stamford- ham (Northumb.), a.d. i 200-1 Stanford- ham [v. under Stamford, and -H O.E. ham(m, piece of land, enclosure] STAMMERS (Eng.) a nickname for a Stammerer or Stutterer [M.E. stameren, O.E. stamerian, to stammer] STAMPER (Eng.) Pounder; Thrasher; Printer; Minter [M.E. stamper{e\ i. M.E. stampen, O.E. stempan, to stamp, pound] John Stamper. — Hund. Rolls. STANANOUGHT (Eng.) app. for 'Stand-at- nought' (a nickname). STANBERY \ 1 for Stanbury, q.v. STANBERRY J 2 for Stanborough, q.v. STANBOROUGH 1 (Eng.) 1 Bel. to Stan- STANBRA V borough; or Dweller at STANBROUGH J the Rocky Hill [O.E. stdn, a stone, rock' + heorh, heorg, ahiVi\ Stdnbeorh and Stdnbeorg (with dative -beorge and -beorwe) are fairly common in A^-Sax. charters. Stanborough, Devon, was Stahberewe a.d. 1312-13. 2 for Stanbury, q.v. Cp. Stainborough. STAN BRIDGE (Eng.) Bel. to Stanbridge; or Dweller at the Stone-BRidge [O.E. stdn +brycg] Stanbridge, Beds, was Stanbrigge and Stanbrugge ia the M.E. period. STANBURY (Eng.) i Bel. to Stanbury; or Dweller at the Stone or Rock Fortifi- cation [O.E. stdn + burh, dat. byrig] 2 for Stan b(o) rough, q.v. STANGLIFF(E(Eng.) Bel. to Stancliff(e; or Dweller by the Rocky Cliff [O.E. stdn, a stone, rock-|-c/«/, clyf] A Stdnclyf, e.g., occurs in a Wilts charter dated a.d. 850. STAN DAG E for Standedge, q.v. STANDEDGE 1 (Eng.) Dweller at i the Stony STANDIDGE J or KocKY Edge or Hill- Ridge [M.E. stan(e, O.E. stdn, a stone, rock -|- M.E. egge, an edge, (dial.) a hill* ridge ; O.E. ecg, an edge] In this case the first d in the name is the common post-n dental intrusion. 2 the Stone Ditch or Dike [Dial. E. 4itshy a dike, fence ; O.E. dk} STAN DEN (Eng.) Bel. to Standen; or Dweller at the Stony or Rocky Valley [O.E. stdn, a stone, rock + denu, dat. dene, a valley] We find 'in stdndene', e.g., in a Wilts charter dated a.d. 778. Thomas de Standene. — Lane. Inq., A.D. 1292. Confused with Standon, q.v. STANDERING, v. Standring. STANDFIELD for Stanfield, q.v. STANDFORD for Stanford, q.v. At Standford, Kent, "the ancient Stane Street crosses a brook". STANDING I for Stanning, q.v. (rarely) 2 for Standen, q.v. STAN DISH (Eng.) Bel. to Standish (Lanes: 14th cent. Standissh, Standisch, 13th cent. Standische, Stanedisse, \2th ce.xA. Statiedis ; Glouc. : 14th cent. Standish, Stanedish, a.d. Sy2 Stanedis (Lat. charter) = the Stony or Rocky Enclosure or Park [O.E. stdn, a stone, rock + edisc, an enclosure, park] The Lane. Standish seems to have been the more fruitful source of the sur- name. The famous Miles Standish carried it to America — He was a gentlemen born, could trace his pedigree plainly Back to Hugh Standish of Duxbury Hall, in Lancashire, England, Who was the son of Ralph, and the grandson of Thurston de Standish. — Longfellow, The Ctshp. of Miles Standish, iii. 140-2. STANDLEY for Stanley, q.v. STAN DON (Eng.) Bel. to Standon ; or Dweller at the Rocky Hill [O.E. stdn, a stone, rock + dun, a hill] Standon, Herts, was Standuneia a Latin charter, a.d. 944-6 ; but Standon, Staffs, ace. to Duignan, wasStantone (cp.Stanton) in Domesday-Book (this is, however, prob. an error, as we find a ' Robertus de Standon' mentioned in conn, with Stan- don, Staffs, in the Charter-Rolls, a.d. 1283). Confused with Standen, q.v. STANDRING (Eng.) Dweller at (prob.) the Stone Ring or Circle [O.E. stdn + hring] Stannering occurs as a Lane, surname in the 17th cent, Stanes 184 Stannart STANES: v. Staines; but there is also a Lines hamlet, Stane(s, which prob. in- volves the O.N. steinn 'a stone,' 'rock,' 'stone dwelling.' STANESBY : v. Stainsby. STANFIELD (Eng.) Bel. to Stanfield (M.E. Stanfeld, Slanefeld); or Dweller at the Stony or Rocky Field or Plain [O.E. stdn, a stone, rock + feld] STANFORD (Eng.) Bel. to Stanford; or Dweller at the Stone (i.e. Paved)- Ford [O.E. stdn -Vford\ ... on Stanford of Stanf orda [dat. case] . . . (...into Stanford; from Stanford...) Wore. Land-Charter c. A.D. 757. Adam de Stanford. — Hund. Rolls. This name was Latinized de Vado Saxi. Cp. Stamford. STANGER(Eng.) i Pole-Dresser or -Maker [M.E. stang(e, O.E. stang = O.N. stong, a pole, stake -|- the agent, suff. -ere} 2 Dweller at the Stony or Rocky Gore [O.E. stdn, a stone, rock -|- gdr(a, a three- cornered piece of land, a projection] A land-name Stdngdr is mentioned, in connexion with Upminster, in a charter (A.D. io62)oftheConfessor's,'Dipl.Angl.', P- 395- Jordan de Staugar. — Sams. Subsidy-Roll, A.D. 1327. STANHAM (Eng.) Bel. to Stanhara ; or Dweller at i the Stone House [O.E. stdn + hdwi] 2 the Stone or Stony Enclosure or Piece of Land [O.E. stdn + ham{m\ The 'aet Stanham' of a Latin + A.-Sax. charter a.d. 932 (' Cart. Sax.' no. 692) refers to Stoneham, Hants, which is claimed to be the Roman 'ad Lapidem' ; and as the Lat. lapis, lapidis, in addition to its primary meaning, also denoted a boundary-stone, sepulchral stone, mile- stone, etc., 'Stoneham' may owe its first element to a stone of this Kind. STANHOPE (Eng.) Bel. to Stanhope; or Dweller at the Stony or Rocky Hope (Mountain Recess or Hollow) [O.E. stdn, : a stone, rock ; and v. Hope'] The parish of Stanhope, Durham, 13th cent. Stanhop, is mostly "rugged and mountainous."' STANHOUSE (Eng.) Dweller at the Stone House 10.E. stdn + h^] STANIER (Eng.) Stone-Worker [M.N.E. stance (O.E. stdn) -I- the A.-Fr. agent. suff. -ier} STANIFORD 1 (Eng.) Dweller at the Stony STAN I FORTH J or Paved Ford [M.E. stany, O.E. stdnig + M.E. forth, ford, O.E. ford] Cp. Stainford, Stainfopth, Stanford. STANILAND (Eng.) Dweller at the Stony Land [O.E. stdnig -I- land] STANISTREET (Eng.) Dweller at the Paved (usually Roman) Road [O.E. stdnig,slony, paved 4- street (Lat. strata via), road] Richard de Stanistretei [place-name now Stanney Street]. — Lane Inq., A.D. 1307. STANK \(A.-Fr.-Lat.) Dweller by the Pool STANG J [Dial. E. : O.Fr. estang, Lat. stagnant, a pool of standing water] STANLEY (Eng.) Bel. to Stanley; or Dweller at the Stony or Rocky Lea [O.E. stdn, a stone, rock + ledh (M.E. ley), a lea] The M.S.E. forms of this common place-name were Stanleg(h, Stanley{e ; the M.N.E. forms Stanelegh, Stanelay, Staynley, etc. Stanelia Monaster' Stanleya pro Stanley.— 5ot Chart., A.D. 1203-4. Stanleg Abbatia Ciscestr' ordinis. — Rot. Chart., A.D. 1226-7. The two foregoing entries relate to the old Cistercian priory at Stanley or Stanleigh, Wilts. The Liverpool suburb Stanley owes its name indirectly to the Staffordshire Stanley through the great Stanley family. This name was usually Latinized de Pascuo Lapidoso. STANMER(E (Eng.) Bel. to Stanmer (Suss.), the A.-Sax. (8th cent.) Stdnmere = the Stony or Rocky Lake [O.E. stdn, aj stone, rock -f mere, a lake, pool] Stanmer is near Palmer, whose mere still exists. STANMORE (Eng.) Bel. to Stanmore (M'sex: Domesday Stanmera, a.d. 793 Stdnmere f Berks : A.D. 948 Stdnmere) = the Stony or Rocky Lake [v. under Stanmer(e] Gt. Stanmore, M'sex, "includes the district of Stanmore Marsh." STANNARDl (Teut.) Stone-Hard, Rock- STANNARTJ Firm [A.-Sax. Stdnh{e)ard= O.N. Steinhar^-r = O.Ger. Steinhart, etc.: O.E.i&«« =O.N.ite««« = O.H.Ger. stein - Stanney 185 Staple Goth. stain-s= O.Sa.x. stin, a stone, rock , + O.E. h{e)ard = O.N. har^-r = O.H.Ger. hart = Goth, hardu-s = O.Sax. hard, hard, firm] Stanard-us occurs in both Domesday and the Hundred-Rolls, the latter having also Stannard and Stonhard. STANNEY (Eng.) Bel. to Stanney (Chesh.: Domesday Staiiei); or Dweller at i the Stony, or Rocky Island or Waterside [O.E. stdn, a stone, rock+i^, island, etc.] (occ.) 2 the Stony or Rocky Hey or Hay (Enclosure) [O.E. ge)hwg, haga] STANNIFORD = Staniford, q.v. STANNING (Scand.) Bel. to Staining (N. Lanes), 13th cent. Staning, Staynyng, Stayning, Stenenge = the Stony or Rocky Meadow [O.N. steinn (O.E. stdn), a stone, rock + eng (O.N.E. ing), a meadow] Adam de Staning. — Lane. Assize-Rolls, A.D. 1246. STANNINGTON (Eng.) Bel. to Stannington (Northumb. : 13th and 14th cent. Staning- ton; Yorks)=the Estate of the StAn- Family [A.-Sax. *Stdninga'-tun—stdn, stone, rock, precious stone ; -inga, genit. pi. of the fil. suff. -jn^ + t»i«, estate, farm, etc.] STANNISTREET = Stanistreet, q.v. STAN N US (Eng. and Scand.) Dweller at the Stone House [O.E. stdn = O.N. steinn + O.E. O.N. hAs'\ STANSBIE1 _e+„:„.h» n„ STANSBY I =Stain8by, q.v. STANSFELD \ (Eng.) Bel. to Stansfield STANSFIELD / (Yorks: Domesday Stanesfelt ; Suff.: 14th cent. Slansfeld, 13th cent. Stanesfeld) = Stan's Field [O.E. stdn, genit. stones, stone, rock, precious stone + feld, field, plain] STAN STEAD! (Eng.) Bel. to Stanstead, STANSTEO J Stansted = the Stone or Rock Place [O.E. stdn + stede'\ Stansted, Essex, was Stanstede in the 13th cent., Stansted in the 14th cent. ; Stanstead, Herts, was Stan{e)stede in Domesday-Book, Stansted in the 13th and 14th cent. ; but Stanstead, Kent, Stansted in the 14th cent., was Stdnhdmstede [O.E. hdm, a dwelling] in the 9th cent. STANTON (Eng.) Bel. to Stanton = i the Stone DwELLmG(s. 2 the Dwelling(s or Farmstead by the Stone(s or RocK(s [O.E. stdn, . stone, rock + (tin, farmstead, etc.] StdntUn occurs fairly frequently in deeds of the A.-Saxon period : in Latin charters typically " in loco qui dicitur Stantun " (without vowel-marks) ; in A.-Saxon docu- ments "ssiStdntiine" (dat. case). Stanton is the usual form in the i3th-cent. Hundred- Rolls. At Stanton-Drew, Soms., are "circles of large stones" ; at Stanton-Harcourt, Oxon, are "a number of large stones called the Devil's Coits"; and in descriptions of several of our Stantons particular mention is made of stone-quarries. STANWAY (Eng.) Bel. to Stanway; or Dweller at the Stone or Paved (often Roman) Road [13th and 14th cent. stanwey{e', O.E. stdn weg\ Stanway, Glouc, on a Roman way, is referred to in an A.-Saxon charter c. a.d. 800 ('Cart. Sax.' no. 299) as "on ealdan stdnwege" (&iA. case) — "on to the oXAstone way"; Stanway, Essex, also on a Roman road, occurs in an A.-Sax. will c. a.d. 972 ('Dipl. Angl.', p. 522) as "aet Stdnwegun", where -un represents the dat. pi. suff. -urn. STANWICK (Eng.) Bel. to Stanwick (North- ants : 13th cent. Stanewig ; Yorks : Domes- day Steinuege, Stenuueghe) = the Stone or Paved Road [O.E. stdn (= O.N. steinn) + O.E. weg (= O.N. ueg-r, Goth, wig-s^ 'Stanwick' is therefore a Northern (guttural) form of Stanway, q.v. The Yorks place is "on the Roman way from Catterick." The Northants place occurs as Stane- ivigge in a charter ('Cart. Sax.' no. 22) which is dated a.d. 664 but which (even if genuine) is evidently a copy made centuries later. STANWIX is for Stanwicks, a pi. form of Stanwick, q.v. Stanwix, Cumb. (14th cent. Staymvikes), is on a Roman way and near a Roman station. STAPLE (Eng. and A.-Fr.-Teut.) Bel. to Staple ; or Dweller at a Pillar or Post, hence a Market or Fair-Place [O.E. stapol, a pillar, post, etc. ; also O.Fr. estaple, a fair, market, borr. f. L.Ger. stapel: cp. Dut. stapelhuis, staple-house, staple ; stapelrharkt, staple-market ; stapel- plaats, staple-town, emporium : (High) Ger. stapel, a post, staple, pile, market, is borr. f. L.Ger.; the cognate High Ger. staffel (O.H.Ger. staffat) meaning a step, etc.] Robert atte Staple.— Close Rolls, A.D. 1277. The French place-name Etaples (Pas- de-Calais) is pron. locally exactly like Fr. eolede [suffered] be stones. — Ancren Riwle ('Wrej>|>e'). Sir Lancelott and Sr Steven bold. — Marr. of Sir Gawaine (Fragmt.) STEPHENS, Stephen's (Son) 1 _. ,. STEPHENSON, Stephen's Son / ^Stephen. Gilbert fil. Stephani. — Hund. Rolls, A.D. 1274. Richard Stephenes. — Sows. Subs. Roll, A.D. 1327. 5tepkin 189 Steyning 8TEPKIN, a double dim. of Stephen, q.v. [E. dim. suff. -kin, O.L.Teut. -k-in] STEPNEY (Eng.) Bel. to Stepney (M'sex). 14th cent. Stebenhethifi, 13th cent. Steben- hith, Domesday Stebenhede [The second element is no doubt for O.E. hS>S, a land- ing-place, harbour, (not for kdiS, a heath), as in the case of 'Lambeth' ; and the first element prob. represents the adj. form of a var. of O.E. stybb, a tree-stump (the haven app. had tree-stumps as mooring- posts] 'Stepney' seemingly began to be used for earlier 'Stepnetn' c. 1600. The ancient importance of Stepney as a haven is suff. attested by the fact that all children born at sea in English vessels were supposed to belong parochially to Stepney. STEPTO(E \ (Eng.) app. not local names but STEPTOW J nicknames relating to gait (early forms not found) [f. O.E. steppan, to step + td, a toe] STERK (Scand.) Strong, Stern, Severe [O.N. sterk-r] Cp. Stark. (Eng.) for Stipk, q.v. STERLING (Eng.) i nickname from the former coin so called [M.E. sterling ; perh. = starling : v. under Starling] (occ.) 2 for Stapling (q.v.) through the pron. Starling. (Celt.) for^tirling. q.v. / STERN 1 (Eng.) Austere, Severe [M.E. STERNE / Sterne, O.E. stieme, styme'\ Henry Sterne. — Hund. Rolls. (Sc^nd.) Star (a sign-name) [Dan.- Norw. stieme, O.N. stiarna, a star] But the name in our directories is fre- quently the Ger. Stem = Star. STERNS, Stern's (Son). STERRY (Teut.) Big, Strong, Stout [M.E. stere, app. f. the compar., stceri, ot O.N. st6rr{= O.H.Ger. stiurt), bi& powerful; or an O.E. cognate (allied to E. steer, O.E. stior, a bullock) + the E. dim. suff. -y] iCp. Storry. STERT = Start, q.v. STEUART = Stewart, q.v. STEVEN = Stephen, q.v. STEVENS, Steven's (Son) \ etaohen STEVENSON, Steven's Son/ '• "^^Pien. Thomas Stevenson. — Yorks PfiU-Tax, A.D. 1379. STEVENTON (Eng.) Bel. to Steventon or Ste- vington (Berks : 14th cent. Styvington, 13th cent. Styvintott, Stivinton, Domesday Stivetune ; Beds : 13th cent. Stivinton, Domesday Stiventone ; Hants : 14th cent. Stivington) = the Estate of the StIf- Family [A.Sax. *Stifinga-tiin — st!f, stifi, rigid, hard, prob. fig. (as with the cog- nate Dan.-Norw. stiv), inflexible, stub- born + -inga, genit. pi. of the fll. suff. -ing + tun, estate, farmstead, etc^ Steventon, nr. Abingdon, Berks, is prob. the same place (with changed land-ele- ment) as the Stifinge-hame referred to in a grant to Abingdon Abbey by King Eadgar in 964 (' Cart. Sax.' no. 1142). STEVERSON for Steveson, q.v. STEVESON, Steve's Son: Steve, a dim. of Stephen, q.v. STEWARD \ (EngO Seneschal ; lit. and orig. STEWART J Sty-Ward [M.E. styward, sti- ward, steward, stuard, etc. ; O.E. stiw(e)ard (= O.N. st(uar^S-r) — stigu, sty, animal- enclosure -I- w(e)ard, guardian, keeper] Hugh le Stivfard.— Hund. Rolls. But, shortly, from the castel on a nyght. The lordes styward, — God yeve [give] him meschance 1 — ... Came into the ship allone. — Chaucer, Cant. Tales, B 913-16. Schyr Eduuard, that had sic valour, Wes ded, and Johne Steward alsua. — Barbour, The Bruce, xviii. 108-9. It was not till after several generations that the Fitz-Walters and Fitz-Alans took that name [Stewart], destined to become so illustrious, from their office of steward of the royal household. — C. Innes, Some Scotch Surnames, p. 34. In the baptismal registers of St. James's, Clerkenwell, a.d. 1723-5, the same parents are called both Steward and Stewart. STEWARDSON, Steward's SonI v. Ste- STEWARTSON, Stewart's Son/ ward, Stewart. STEWIN, a Scot, form of Stephen, q.v. Sanct Stcwin and his tormentouris. — Burgh Reeds. Aberdeen, A.D. 1531. STEYNING (Eng.) Bel. to Steyning (Suss.), the A.-Sax. Staningas (K. iElfred'sWill: 'set Steeningum ' (dat.) = (the Estate of the) ST.EN- Family [O.E. stdsn, stdn, a stone, rock -t- the pi. of thefil. suff. -ing^ sticker 190 Stirrup STICKER (Eng.) (Pig-) Killer [M.E. stikkere ', f. O.E. stician {— Dan.-Norw. stikke), to stick, kill (pigs, etc.] John le Stikkere. — Soms. Stibs. Roll, A.D. 1327. STICKFORD (Eng.) Bel. to Stickford; or Dweller at the Stick-Ford (i.e. a ford whose passage was marked out or other- wise facilitated by sticks or stakes) [O.E. sticca (= O.N. stika), a stick, stake +ford] STICKLAND (Eng.) Bel. to Stickland ; or Dweller at the Steep Land [West. Eng. stickle, O.E. sticol, steep, nigh + land] Stickland, Soms., is, like Sticklepath, nr. Watchet. STICKLEPATH (EngJ Bel. to Sticklepath ; or Dweller at the Steep Path [West. E. stickle, O.E. rfjco/, steep, high + O.E./xztS] There are villages called Sticklepath in Somerset and Devon. , STICKLEY (Eng.) Bel. to Stickley; or Dweller at I the Stick-Lea (i.e. a meadow fenced in by sticks or stakes) [O.E. sticca(=0,'S. stika), a stick, stake -|- ledh] 2 the Steep Lea [West. E. stickle, O.E. sticol, steep, high -|- O.E. ledh] A Sticlegh, Sticcle, is mentioned in a Soms. Subsidy-Roll a.d. 1327. STIOKNEY (Eng. or A.-Scand.) Bel. to Stickney (Lines), i6th cent, same spelling [O.E. {(e)g = O.N. ey, island, waterside : the first element is app. an oblique (genit. pi.) form of O.E. sticca = O.N. stika, a stick, stake, pile] STIFF (Eng.) Stiff, Hard, Firm, Strong, Proud [M.E. stififi, O.E. stif = Dan.- Norw. stiv = Dut. stijf] John Stiie.—Hund. Rolls. STIGAND (Scand.) Mounting [O.N. Stigand (Mod. Norw. Stiand), f. the pres. part, of stiga, to mount, ascend] Stigand was perh. the most famous name ecclesiastically in iith-cent. England. It occurs in Domesday-Book in this form. Gervase fil. Stigandi. — Pipe-Rolls, A.D. ti6o. STIGGI N, a weak Anglicized form of Stigand, q.v. STIGGINS, Stiggin's (Son). STILE (Eng.) Dweller at a Stile [Q.E. stiget] John atte Stile.— /f«»rf. Rolls. STILEMAN = Stile (q.v.) -I- E. man. STILES, pi., and genit., of Stile, q.v. STILL (Eng.) i Silent, Quiet, Gentle [M.E. O.E. stille] Walter StiWe.—Hund. Rolls. (occ.) 2 a weak form of Steel, q.v. STILLINGFLEET (Eng.) Bel. to Stilling- fleet (Yorks), i4tncent. Stilyngflete, Domes- day Steflingeflet, A.-Sax. *Stifelinga-fliot= the Stream of the Stifel Family [the pers. name is f. (with suff. -et) O.E. stif, bard, firm, inflexible -f -inga, genit. pi. of the fil. suff. -ing H- fl^ot, a stream, water] STILLINGTON (Eng.) Bel. to Stillington (Yorks), Domesday Stivelinctun, A.-Sax. *Stifelinga-tiin = the Estate of the Stifel Family [v. under Stillingfleet, and -I- O.E. tun, estate, farm, etc.] As Stillingfleet and Stillington are both in the vicinity of York the connexion is doubtless with the same A.-Sax. pro- prietors. STILLMAN = Still (q.v.) + E. man. STILLWELL1 (Eng.) Dweller at the CoN- STILWELL Jstant Spring (one not in- termittent) [O.E. stille, constant, etc. -f w(i)ella, a spring] ItImSOn'^}^"'^ Stinson, Steenson, q.v. STINSON, V. Steenson. STIRK "[(Eng.) a nickname (or sign-name) STIRKE J from the Bullock or Heifer [O.E. styric\ (Scand.) conf. with Sterk, q.v. STIRLAND (Eng.) Dweller at the Steer- Pasture [O.E. stSor (= Dut. stier), a steer, ox 4- land] STIRLING (Celt.) Bel. to Stirling, 16th cent. Striveling, isth cent. Striviling, 13th cent. Estrevelyn, Estrivelin, 12th cent. Strivilen, not improb. repr. a Cymric *Ystrefelyn, Yellow House [Cym. ystre(f, a dwell- ing +Jelyu, mutated form oimelyn, yellow] In Strivelingschire is the toun of Striveling. — Boece, Scot. Hist., tr. Bellenden. (Eng.) conf. with Sterling, q.v. STIRRIP (Eng.) Bel. to Styrrup (Notts), STIRR0Pti4th cent. Sterappe, Styrop, 13th STIRRUP) cent. Stirap (for Stirop) = ihc Steer-Hope [v. steer and Hope] Stirsaker igx Stockport STIRSAKER ] (Eng.) Dweller at (the) STIRZACKER ^ Steer's Field [the genit. STIRZAKER J of O.E. st^or = O.N. stlorr, a steer, ox + O.E. acer = O.N. akr, a field] Stirzaker, N. Lanes, was Styresacre A.D. 1443, Steresaker a.d. 1379, Steres- acre a.d. 1332. STITT (Eng.) app. a weakened form of O.E. s = Strong, Hard. STIVE (Eng.) Stiff, Strong, Hard [O.E. stif] STIVENS, a weak form of Stevens, Stephens, q.v. St. JOHN, an Anglicized form of the common French eccles. place-name St. Jean — anc. St. Jehati [v. John] STOATE 1 „. .. „„ STOATT ; =Stott,q.v. STOBART 1 STOBBARD \ = StUbbard, q.v. STOBBART J STOBB = Stubb, q.v. [cp. Dut. stobbe, a stump, trunk] STOBBS = Stubbs, q.v. STOCK (Eng.) i Dweller by a (conspicuous) Tree Stump or Trunk ; or a Post or Pillory [M.E. stockfe, stokk, etc., O.E. stoc(c = O.N. stokkr] William de la Stocke. — Hund. Rolls, A.D. 1274. Hen. del Stock.— iMttc. Inq., A.p. 1323. Jordan atte Stokk. — Soms. Subs. Roll, A.D. 1327. Reginald atte Stocke. — Close Rolls, A.D. 1330. And Scarlette he was flyinge a-foote Fast over stocke and stone. — ' Robin Hood and Guy of Gisborne', S7-8 ; Percy's Religues. Occ. the name may represent an old dat. pi. : cp. the ' on stoccum ' of a Soms. charter A.D. 963 ('C.S.' no. 1116). 2 occ. conf. with Stoke, q.v. See Stocks ; and the note under Stockton. STOCKBRIDGE (Eng.) Bel. to Stockbridge (Hants : 14th cent. Stockbrigg, 13th cent. Stocbrigge, Stokebrigg ; Yorks : 14th cent. Stokbrig' ; etc.) = the Log-Bridge [O.E. stoc(c, trunk, log, etc. + brycg'\ William de Stokynbryg.— Lane. Fines, hS, 1370. STOCK DALE (Ena and Scand.) Bel. to Stockdale (yorks, Westmd., etc.) = the Tree-Stump Valley [O.E. stoc(c = O.N. stokk-r, a tree-stump, trunk, log -|- O.E. dal = O.N. dal-r, a valley] One of the Yorks Stockdales was Stokdale in the 14th cent. There is a Stockdalewath [O.N. wa'S, a ford] in Cumberland. STOCKEN, a M.E. pi. form of Stock, q.v. STOCKER (Eng.) i = Stock (q.v.) + the agept. suff. -er. (later) 2 a Grubber-Up (of tree-stumps) [Dial. E. stock, to grub or root up] 3 conf. with Stoker, q.v, Elena le Stocker. — Hund. Rolls, A.D. 1274. Walter Stokker.— Inq. ad q. Damn., c. A.D. 1440. STbCKFORD \ (Eng.) Dweller at a Log or STOCKFORTH J Stump Ford (a ford whose passage was facilitated by logs or stumps) [O.E. stoc(c+/o»-i] STOCK HAM (Eng.) Bel. to Stockham (13th cent. Stockham); or Dweller at the Tree- Stump or Trunk Enclosure [O.E. stoc{c + ham{ni\ STOCKIN, I for Stocken, q.v. 2 for Stocking, q.v. STOCKING (Eng. and Scand.) Bel. to Stocking (13th cent. Stocking) ; or Dweller at the Tree-Stump or Trunk Meadow [O.E. stoc{c = O.N. stokk-r -\- O.E. ing = O.N. eng, a meadow] STOCKINGS, genit., and pi., of Stocking. STOCKLEY (Eng.) Bel. to Stockley (i3th-i4th cent. Stockley(e, Stoklegh, etc.) ; or Dweller at the Tree-Stump or Trunk Lea [O.E. stoc{c + ledK\ Stockley and Stock, Calne, Wilts, are referred to in the same Inq. ad q. Damn., A.D. 1445-8, as Stockley and Stocke. Cp. Stokeley. STOCKMAN (Eng.) = Stock (q.y.) -f- man. STOCKPORT (Eng.) Bel. to Stockport (Chesh.), 13th cent. Stokport, Stockeport, i2th cent. Stokeport [O.E. stoc(c, a log, beam, post, etc. -1- O.E. port, a town, by extension from port (Lat. porta), a (city) g*te1 See Stopfopd. stocks 192 Stonehewer STOCKS, pi., and genit., of Stock, q. v. He swor her this, by stokkes and by stones. — Chaucer, Trail. & Cris., iii. 589- And all about old stockes and stubs of trees. — Spenser, Faerie Queene, I. ix. 34,. STOCKTON (Eng.) Bel. to Stockton, 13th. 14th cent. Stockton, Stokton, Stocton, Domes- day Stochetun, etc., A.-Sax. Stoctiin = the Tree-Stump or Trunk, or Log-Fenced, Enclosure [O.E. stoc{c + tun\ Stockton is not so common a surname as the prevalence of the place-name would lead us to expect ; hence it is prob. that in some cases the pers. 'Stockton' has been cut down to 'Stock' : v. Stock. STOCKUM for Stockhann, q.v. STOCKWELL (Eng.) Bel. to Stockwell, 13th- 14th cent. StokwellU, A.-Sax. StocwyU{a = the Well by the 'rREE-STUMP(s ; or the Log-Fenced Well [O.E. stoc(c + wyll{a, wielKa] IToDAR? ) (Eng-) Horsekeeper [M.E. STODDARD [ •S""'*''-*. et=- i OE. stM, stud, o-rXr>r\AD-r I herdof horses -|- hierde, heorde, ItSSSaRt) herd, keeper] Walter Stodhirde.— Par/. Writs. For the vowel-change in the surnames cp. Hardwick. There has prob. been some confusion with Stothard, q.v. Cp. Studdapd. STOGDEN (Eng.) Dweller at the Stock or Tree-Stump Valley [O.E. stoc(c + denu] The voiced -g- for -c- (-k-) is due to the influence of the following voiced letter -d-. Conf. with the next name. STOGDON (Eng.) Dweller at the Stock or Tree-Stump Hill [O.E. stoc{c + dUn] Conf. with the preceding name. STOKE (Eng.) i Bel. to Stoke, M.E. Stok(e, O.E. Stdc (' set Stdce ' — dat.) = the Dwel- ling-Place, Village [O.E. stic; conn, with O.E. stoc(c, a stock, trunk, log, etc.] Petrus de Stok (Kent).— Charter-Rolls. A.D. 1*04-5. Baldewin de Stoke (Suff.) — Hand. Rolls, A.D. 1274. Prepositus de Stoke (Soms.) — Inq. ad q. Damn., A.D. 1421-2, 2 conf, with Stock, q.v. STOKELEY \ (Eng.) i Bel. to Stokeley ; or STOKELY J Dweller at the Stoke-Lea [v. under Stoke, and -f M.E. ley, O.E. ledKl 2 conf. with Stockley, q.v, STOKER (Eng.) i = Stoke (q.v.) -|- the E. agent, suff. -er. 2 conf. with Stockep, q.v. (Dut.) Fire-Tender [Dut. stoker'\ STOKES (Eng.) i pi., and genit., of Stoke, q.v. 2 conf. with Stocks, q.v. Petrus de Stokes (Kent). — Charter-Rolls, A.D. 1203-4. Robert de Stokes (Oxon). — Hund. Rolls, A.D. 1274. Gair de Stokes.— Inq. ad q. Damn., A.D. 1317-18. William Stokes. — MSS. D. and C. Wells, A.D. 1490. John Stokys, alias Stokes. — Lane. Fines, A.D. 1550-1. STOLLARD = Stallard, q.v. STOMBRIDGE for Stonbridge, Stanbridge, q.v. STONARD = Stannard, q.v. STONBRIDGE = Stanbridge, q.v. STONE (Eng.) Bel. to Stone ; or Dweller at a Stone (Obelisk, etc.), Rock, or Stone Castle [M.E. ston(e, stan{e, O.E. stdn\ John de la Stone— Hund. Rolls. Stone, Staffs, occurs in the 13th cent, freq. as both Stane and Stanes; Stone, Wore, was Stanes in Domesday-Book and in the 13th cent.; so that 'Stone' must sometimes be interpreted with plural significance. STONECLOUGH (Eng.) Dweller in or by a Stony or Rocky Hollow [O.E. stdn, a stone, rock -|- *cm, a hollow] STONEHALL (Eng,) Bel. to Stonehall; or Dweller at i the Stone Hall [O.E. stdn + h(e)aiq 2 the Stone or Stony Corner [O.E. h{e)al(h, a corner] William de la Stonhall.— /fanrf. Rolls. STONEHAM (Eng.) Bel. to Stoneham : v. Stanham. Stephen de Stoahsm.—Hund. Rolls. STONEHEWER (Eng.) Stonecutter [M.E. stonhewer; f. O.E. stdn, a stone, and hedvoan, to cut] Stonehill 193 Storkey STONEHILL (Eng.) Dweller at the Stony or Rocky Hill [O.E. sfdn + hylQ STONEHOUSE (Eng.) Bel. to Stonehouse; or Dweller at the Stone House [O.E. stdn + hits] Stonehouse, Glouc, was Stonhus in the 13th cent. STONEMAN (Eng.) = Stone (q.v.) + E.man. STONER (Eng.) i Stonecutter, Stone- mason [O.E. stdn, stone + the agent. suff. -er] 2 = Stone (q^v.) + the agent, suff. -er. (rarely) 3 for Stonop, q.v. STONES, pi., and genit., of Stone, q.v. Elena de Stons. — Yorks Poll-Tax, A.D. 1379. STONESTREET (Eng.) Dweller at the Stone, i.e. Paved Road (usually Roman) [O.E. stdn strckt] Salomon de Stonstrete (Kent). — Hund. Rolls. STONEY (Eng.) Bel. to Stoney; or Dweller at I the Stony or Rocky Island or Waterside [O.E. stdn, a stone, rock + (g] 2 the Stony Land [for O.E. stdniht] STON(E)YHURST (Eng.) Dweller at the Stony Wood [O.E. stdnig, stony + hyrst, a wood] STONHAM (Eng.) Bel. to Stonham = Stone- ham, Stanham, q.v. STONHILL- Stonehill, q.v. STONHOLD (Eng.) Rock-Faithful [O.E. stdn, a stone, lock+hold, faithful, loyal, etc.] STONHOUSE = Stonehouse, q.v. STONIER = Stonep (q.v.), but with the A.-Fr. agent. suS. -ier instead of E. -er. This name was occ. used for Stone- hewer, q.v. STONOR (Eng.) Bel. to Stonor (Oxf.), 13th cent. Stonore = the Stony or Rocky Bank [O.E. stdn 4- 6rd\ A stanora occurs in a land-grant a.d. 758 by King Offa (' C.S.' no. 216). STOODLEIGHl _e+„wi«!KU c+.,wi... „„ STOODLEY J =Studleigh, Studley, q.v. Stoodleigh, Devon, was Stodlegh in the 14th cent. STOOP l (Scand.) Dweller at a Post, Pillar, STORE J or Column [North. E.: O.N. stdlpi, whence Dan.-Norw. stolpe, a post, prop] "Stoop, a post, a gate-post of stone or wood,"— (?;w, Dial, lQns4ale, p. 81, STOOPS 1 pi., and genit., of Stoop, StopOi \P1- f q.v. STOPES STOPFORD \(Eng.) Bel. to Stockport. STOPFORTH J Stopford and Stopforth are old corrupt forms, nevertheless making good sense [v. under Stope] ; but Stok(e)port, Stockeport, &c., are earlier : v. Stockport. " ' Stopford law-— no stake, no draw.' — Stockport is the place meant, nearly one half of which borough is in Lancashire." — Lane. Legends, Sec, 1882, p. 207* STOPHER, a contr. of Christopher, q.v. STOPP I a var. of Stoop, Stope, q.v. (occ.) 2 an unvoiced form of Stobbi Stubb, q.v. William del Stopp. — Yorks Poll-Tax, A.D. 1379. STOPPARD 1 assim. forms of Stopford, STOPPORT J Stockport, q.v. STOP PS 1 STOPS J P'*' ^^^ S^"*-' °f Stopp. STORCK = Stork, q.v. Thomas Storck. — Hund. Rolls. STORE (A.-Scand.) Strong, Powerful, Big [M.E. stor{e, O-N-stdr-r] For Sir Anlaf, the king of Danmark. With an ost [host] store and stark, Into Inglond is come. — Gy of Warwike, p. 383. Cp. Storr. STORER (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Storekeeper, Store- man; (Scotl.) Flockmaster [M.E. and M.Scot, storour, etc. ; f. (with agent, suff^ star, O.Fr. estor, store, provisions ; ult. 1. Lat. instaurare, to restore] Thomas Storour. — Yorks Poll-Tax, A.D. 1379. Tyrrheus thare fader was hie maister and gyde Of stedis, flokkis, bowis, and hirdis wyde. As storour to the kinge, did kepe and jrym [tend]. — G. Douglas, Mneid, ed. 1710, p. 224, 11.25-7. STOREY! = Store (q.v.) -t- the E. dim. suff. STORIE i-e)y,-ie. Cp. Storrey. STORK (Eng.]) a nickname and sign-name from the bird [O.E. store - Scand. stork] Cp. Storck. STORKEY I = Stork (q.v.) -f- the E. dim. suff. -ey. ' J for Stftrkey, q.v. storm 194 Stovill STORM (Teut.) ' a pers. name and nickname [f. M.E. storm, O.E. storm, m., O.N. storm-r, m. (= Dut. storm - Ger. sturm, M.Ger. also storm), a storm, uproar, tumult] Hugo Storm. — Hund. Rolls. STORMONT. Bel. to Stormont (Perth), a.d. 1292 Starmonthe (Johnson) [If the name is Celt., the second element must be Gael. monadh = Wei. mynydd, a mountain-range (but Gael, monadh now means a moor, heath), and the first element may be Gael. star, a Steep cliff, broken teeth ; but perh. more likely the name is Teut., viz. late O.E. stdr, O.N. stdrr, great + O.E. munt, borr. f . Lat. mons, montis, a mountain (cog- ,, nate, in any case, with the above Celt. words] STORMS, Storm's (Son) : v. Storm. STORR (Scand.) Big, Grkat fO.N. stdr-r (mod. Scand. storl Roger Storre. — Yorks Pott-Tax, A.D. 1379. Cp. Store. = Storr (q.v.) -|- theE. dim. sufl. ■e)y,-ie. STORREYl STORRIE STORRY Cp. Stor(e)y. STORRS, Storr's (Son) : v. Storr. STORT (Eng.) Dweller at a Tail or Tongue OF Land [O.E. steort"] A Storte (Wilts) occurs in the Charter- Rolls a.d. 1283. Cp. Start. STORY = Store (q.v.) -t- the E. dim. suff. -y. STOTE (Eng.) a nickname or sign-name Irom the Stot [v. Stott] (A.-Fr.-Teut.) Stout, Bold [O.Fr. esto{u)t : V. under Stout] ItOTHARt) (^°S-) Stot-Herd [v. under ItStHERD Stott, and + M.E. herde, O.E STOTHERTJ *'^''*J William Stothard.— /f«M(f. Rolls. There has prob. been confusion with Stoddard, Stodart, q.v. STOTT (Eng.) a nickname and sign-name from the Stot, i.e. a Horse, Bullock, etc. [M.E. and Dial. E. and Scot. stot{te, a stallioi^, horse, bullock, ox : cp. O.N sltit-r, a bull (Swed. siut, a bullock, Dan.-Norw. stud, an ox] Thomas Stot.— Ifanc. 4sske-R?lls, A.D, 1262-3. And Grace gaf Piers Of his goodnesse foure stottes ; Al that hise oxen eriede [ploughed], Thei to harewen [harrovv] after. — Piers Plowman, 13489-92. This Reve sat upon a ful good stot, That was al pomely [dappled] grey, and highte Scot. — Chaucer, Cant. Tales, A 615-16. If aur nebbour's stot or stirk break into til' fog [aftermath] let us net [not] pinfald it.— A Bran New Wark (Westmd. Dial.), 1 78s, 1. 476. STOUGHTON (Eng.) Bel. to Stoughton, like Staughton, a form of Stockton, q.v. STOUR (Celt.) Dweller by the River Stour (several in England), usually Stur, dat. Sture, in charters of the A.-Sax. period [prob. f. the prim, form of Wei. ystwrio (ystwr, a stir, noise), to stir, bustle; cognate with O.E. styrian, to stir(up), agitate* O.N. styr-r, a stir, tumult, M.E. and Dial. E. and Scot, stour, O.F. estour, estur, a con- flict, commotion, agitation, Scot, stour, to move swiftly, to cause foam, or spray ; and related to the base of E. storm = Ger. Sturm ; and to Bret, stdr, a river] (A.-Scand.) a var. of Store, q.v. . Cp. Stower. STOURBRIDGE. Bel. to iStourbridge (Wore), 14th cent. Sturbrugg, Stourbrugge = the Bridge over the R. Stour [y. Stour, and + M.E. hrugg(e, O.E. brycg'\ 2 Stourbridge (Camb.), formerly Sterre- bridge, earlier Steresbreg = Ster's Bridge \Ster occurs as a pers. name in Domesday- Book ; it is prob. for the O.Scand. Styr: cp. O.N. styr-r, m., a stir, tumult] STOURTON (Celt. -|- Eng.) Bel. to Stourton gVilts, Warw., etc.) = the Farmstead or state on the R. Stour [v. Stour, and -I- O.E. tun\ Conf. with Sturton, q.v. STOUT 1 (A.-Fr.-Teut.) Bold, Strong, STOUTE / Proud; (later) Corpulent [O.Fr. esto{u)t, stout, bold ; O.L.Ger. stolt = Du,t. stout, bold = Ger. stols, proud] STOVEL ] (Fr.) Bel. to Estouteville (Seine- STOVELL Inferieure), anc. Estoteville [Fr. STOVILL J ville, Lat. villa, estate, farm, etc. : the first element is doubtless a pers. name (withfem. suff. -e) f. O.F. esto(u)t, stout, bold, O.L.Ger. stolt = Dut. stout, bold] Joh'is de Stotevill.— Charter-Rolls, A.D. 1 260-1. Agnes de Stovile. — Hund. Rolls, A.D. 1274. Stoven 195 Strauss STOVEN "I (Eng.) Bel. to Stoven (Suff.); or STOVIN J Dweller at the Stock or Tree- Stump or -Trunk [O.E. stofn] " Stoven : a stumpy post." — Northts. Dial. ; T. Wright. STOW "1 (Eng.) Bel. to Stow or Stowe [O.E. STOWE J stdw, dat. stdwe, a place] "... apud locum ubi vulgari dicitur nomine at Stou)e."-~ Charter A.D. 956 ; Cart. Sax. no. 986. Oda de Stow. — Hund. Rolls, A.D. 1274. Joh'es de Stowe. — Ing. ad g. Damn., A.D. 1369. STOWEL "I (Eng.) Bel. to Stowell (Wilts: STOWELLJA.D. 1300-1 Stowell; Soms.: 13th cent. Stawell; Glouc, etc.) [v. under Stow, and + O.E. heal(h, a corner, nook] But the Glouc. Stowell was Stanuuelle in Domesday-Book, i.e. the 'Rock-Spring' [O.E. Stan, a stone, rock + welle, a spring] STOWE R (Celt.) a form of Stour', q.v, Stower (West),Dorset, is on the R. Stour. (A.-Scand.) a form of Store, q.v. STOYLE, a dial, form of Style, q.v. STRACHAN (Celt.) i Bel. to Strachan (Kin- cardine), anc. Strathauchin [the first element is Gael, srath, a valley, strath : the second elem. is app. for Gael, achadk^ a field, with the dim. sufi. -in] 2 conf. with Strahan', q.v. STRADLING (Eng.) app. a nickname for a straddle-legged individual [f. straddle, a freq. i.strdd, pret. sing, of O.E. j\it. strak] Cp. Stretch. STREAT = Street, q.v. STREATER \ STREATHER J Streeter, q.v. STREATFErLD "I (Eng.) Dweller at the Field STREATFIELD J or Plain of the Roman Road [v. under Street, and + O.E.feld, a fie^ld, plain] Lower mentions a Streatfeild in E. Sussex called Stretfelde in the i6th cent. STREET 1 (A.-Lat.) Dweller at the (Roman) STREETE J Road [O.E.strdst (Lat.i^ratovia), (Roman) road, street] Our 13th and 14th cent, records contain such entries as ' [christian name] de la Strete', 'atte Strete', and 'del Strete.' Street, nr. Shepton-Mallet, Soms., is on " the ancient Fosse-Way ". Street, nr. Kingsland, Hereford, is "on the Roman Way to Staunton." STREETEN for Streeton, Stretton, q.v. STREETER = Street (q.v.) + the agent, suff. -er. STREETON = Stretton, q.v. STREFFORD, an assim. form of Stretford,q.v. STRELLEY "I (Eng.) Bel. to Strelly (Notts), STRELLY J i2th cent. Stretleg, Stratlega = the Street-Lea [v. under Street, and + O.E. ledKl STRENSAM 1 (Eng.) Bel. to Strensham STRENSHAM J (Wore). 13th csai. Strenges- ham, but app. the StrengesM of a Wore. charter a.d. 972 [As the name stands it represents 'Strang's Home' (O.E. Mm, home, residence) : the loth-cent. second element is O.E. h6, a ridge or promontory. Streng (O.E. streng, severe, strong) must have had a hdm, and prob. the two forms co-existed] STRETCH (Eng.) Stern, Strong, Violent [O.E. strec\ Cp. the guttural form Streak. Hamon Streche. — Chesh. Chmbrlns'. Aacts., A.D. 1302-3. STRETFORD (Eng.) Bel. to Stretford ; v. Str^tforj), Stretford, Lanes, 13th cent. Stretford and Stratford, is "near the R. Mersey, where the Roman way to Chester crossed." STRETTELL \ (Eng.) [Early forms are lacking STRETTLE J of this local surname, but the second element will be either O.E. h{e)all, a hall, or O.E. h{e)al{h, a nook, rather than O.E. hyll, a hill, although the surname Sft-etA/W is found in Cheshire in the lyth cent. : the first element is O.E. strdet, a (Roman) road] There is a Streethall or Strethall in Essex, occurring as Strethalle a.d. 132 1-2. STRETTON (Eng.) Bel. to Stretton, 13th cent. Stretton, A.-Sax. Strdkt-tiin : v. Stratton. STRIBLING (Eng.) a voiced form of Stripling [-E. strip + tiie (double) dim. suff. -l-ingi STRfCKLAND (Eng.) Bel. to Strickland (Westmd.), 13th cent. Stirkland, Stirkeland = the Stirk-Land [v. under Stirk, and-f O.E. land] > See the Westmd. quot. under Stott. STRIDE (Scand.) Hard, Stubborn, Strong [O.N. strCS-r] William le Stride. — Chesh. Chmbrlns.' Accts., A.D. 1357-8. STRINGER (Eng.) String- or Cord-Maker (esp. a maker of bow-strings) [O.E. streng (= O.N. streng-r), string, rope -|- the agent, suff. -ere] Both Strenger and Strynger occur in Yorkshire in the 14th cent. STRING FELLOW (A.-Scand.) earlier Streng- fellow = Strong Fellow [M.E. streng, O.E. strenge = Scand. streng (O.N. strang-r), severe, strong -f- M.E. felawe, O.E. fMaga=O.N. fdlagi, partner, fellow] Cp. Strongfellow. STRIPP (Eng.) app. a nickname for a Thin Person — one as thin as a strip [O.E. be- stripan, to strip] : hence the dim. 'stripling.' STRODE, a M.E. form of Stroud, q.v. STRONG \ (Eng.) Powerful, Hard, STRONGE J S-E.WEKE.\U.E.strong{e,strang{e, O.E. Strang^ STRONG BOW (Eng.) a nickname[O.E. Strang, strong + boga, a bow] Ranulf Strongbowe.— HmmA Rolls. Richard of Clare, Earl of Pembroke and Striguil, a ruined baron later known by the nickname of Strongbow, who in defiance of Henry's [II.] prohibition landed near Waterford. — Green, Hist. Eng. People, p. 898, Stronsfellow STRONG FELLOW (A.-Scaud.), i6th cent. Strongfellowe [O.E. strong = O.N. strang-r + QX.fMaga = O.H.Magi] Cp. Stringfellow. STRONG ITHARM (Eng.)for Strong-in-thb- Arm : cp. Armstrong. Cheshire born, Cheshire bred, Strong i'th' arm, weak i'th' yed. — Chesh.' Saying. This couplet may really owe its origin to the fact that Strongitharm is (or was) mostly a Cheshire surname. STRONGMAN = Strong (q.v.) + man. STRONGSON, Strong's Son : v; Strong. ST ROOD : V. Stroud. STROTHER (Celt.) Dweller by a Stream [Gael, (and Ir.) sruthair, a stream] There are the Strother Hills, Durham and an ' Alan del Strother ' was Bailiff of Tindale (Tynedale) in 1358. Cp. Struther. STROUD (Eng.) Bel. to Stroud or Strood ; or Dweller at the Brushwood or Thicket [O.E. strod = M.H.Ger. O.H.Ger. struot, bushes, underwood, thicket] Strood, Kent, was Strdd (genit. Strddes) in a charter dated a.d. 889. In the Charter-Rolls, a.d. i 199-1200, a Westgrove and a La Strode are bracketed together as ' Bosci ' [M.Lat. boscus, a bush, thicket]. The surnames 'atte Stroude ' and ' atte Strode ' occur in a Soms. Subsidy-Roll a.d. 1327. STROYAN (Celt.) Dweller at a Streamlet [Gael, sruthan {th mute), f. sruth, a stream, with the dim. suff. -dn\ STRUDE, a var. of Strood, Stroud, q.v. STRUDWICK (Eng.) Bel. to Strudwick; or Dweller at the Bushy Place [v. under Stroud, and + O.E. wic, a place] A strdd wic occurs in a Sussex charter dated a.d. 956 ('C.S '. no. 961). STRUTHER (CeU.) Dweller by a Stream [Gael, (and Ir.) sruthair'] STRUTHERS = Struther -f the E. pi. (and genit.) -J affix. There is a Struthers in co. Fife, STRUTT (Teut.) Stiff, Pompous [Low Ger. strutt, stiff, etc.: cp. O.E. strtiiian, to be stiff, and O.N. sirdt-r, a pointed hood] In the Hundred-Rolls the same individ- ual is referred to as 'John le Strut' and 'John Strutt." 197 Stukley STUARD : v. Steward. STUART : v. Stewart. STUBB (Eng. and Scand.) Dweller at the Tree-Stump [O.E. stybb, stubb = O.N. stubb-r] ... eft on ellen stubb (. . . again to the alder-stump). — Berks Charter, A.D. 956 ; Cart. Sax. no. 1 183. Guy de Stub.— Gt. Ing. Serv., A.D. 1212. John de Stubbe.— Z,a«c. Fines, A.D. 1333. The Dan.-Norw. stub denotes ' stubble ' as well as ' tree-stump.' STUBBARD UEng.) Ox-Herd [Dial. E. STUBBART stub, an ox ; prob. a nickname STUBBERD for the animal f. O.E. stybb, STO(B)BART J stubb = O.N. stubb-r, a stump, log -I- E. herd, O.E. kierde, a herdsman] ST U B B I N f or Stu bbing, q.v. STUBBING (Eng. and Scand.) Dweller at the Tree-Stump Meadow [O.E. stybb, stubb = O.N. stubb-r, a tree-stump 4- O.North. and East.E. ing = O.N. eng, a meadow] Henricus de Stubbyng. — Yorks mi-Tax, A.D. 1379. STUBbInS^} Pl- "''^ Senit., of Stubbing. Nicholas de Stubbings.— fla«rf. Rolls. STU BBS (Eng. and Scand,) pi., and genit., of Stubb, q.v. Richard de Stubbes. — Hund. Rolls (Yorks). With knotty, knarry, bareyne trees olde, Of stubbes sharpe and hidouse to biholde. — Chaucer, Cant. Tales, A 1977-8. See also the quotation from Spenser under Stocks. " Ye'll find a pretty many stubs about when ye gets into de wood ". — Diet. Kent. Dial., p^ 166. STUCK (Eng.) Short; Stumpy [M.E. stuk; I. O.E. stocc, a stump] STUGKEY (Eng.) Short and Thick [Dial. E. stucky, stocky ; f. O.E. stocc, a stump] The West. Eng. (voiced) form is rfMggy — "I yer [hear] that 'is missis is a stuggy little body. — Peasant-Speech af Devon, p. 130, STUCKLEY 1 1 for Stookley, (j.v. STUKLEY ; 3 foj stukeley, q.v. 5tuddard 198 Sturton STUDDARD \ (Eng.) = Stoddard, Stoddart, STUDDARTJq.v. (Scand.) Ox-Herd [Dan.-Norw. stud (= Swed. stut), an ox + hyrde, a herdsman] STUDLEIGHl (Eng.) Bel. to Studleigh, STUDLEY I Studley, the M.E. Stodky, Siodlegh, A.-Sax. StSdledh (' td stddledge '— dat. : 'C.S.' no. 620) = the Stud-Lea [O.E. stod, a stud (of horses] The Warw. Studley was Stadlei in Domesday-Bk. Cp. Stoodleigh, Stoodley. STUKELEY(Eng.)Bel. to Stukeley (Hunts), loth cent. (Lat. charters) Stivecleia,Styvec- lea = the Clearing - Lea [f. O.E. stxfician, to root or grub up + ledh, a meadow] STU NT (Eng.) Stubborn ; Stunted ; Stupid [O.E. stunt\ The meaning varies somewhat ace. to dialect — e.g. : East Yorks, 'stubborn', also 'short and thick' ; Kent, 'sullen', 'dogged' ; Lines, 'fierce', 'sulky". STURDEE \ (A. - Fr. - ?Lat.) Sturdy ; orig. STURDY J Rash, Reckless [M.E. sturdi; O.Fr. estourdi (Fr. dtourdi, giddy, thought- less) ; of uncertain but prob. Lat. orig.] Walter Stmdx.—Hund. Rolls. lTURmVA*N7 }'■ Sturtevant,Sturtivant. STU RE f (i6th cent. Stuer), a West. Eng, form of Steep, q.v. "Thee art lick [like] a skittish stwe." — Exmoor Scolding, 1. 49. See also "Notes on the Sture Family of England', by Rev. W. H. Hornby Steer (Reprint from The Antiquary, 1887), who would like to connect both 'Sture' and 'Steer' With O.N. styrr, 'a stir', 'tumult'. 2 = Stoup, q.v. STURGE is not an easy name, but it is app. merely a voiced descendant of the O.E. sterced-, 'stern', 'stout', 'strong' (seen in sterced-ferKS, 'stern, etc., -minded', in the Old Northumbrian poem 'ludith') [conn, with O.E. stearc, rigid, stern, strong; and therefore with E. 'starch'] STURGEON \ (A.-Fr.-Teut.) a nickname from STURGIN J thefishso called {O.Vx.est{o)ur- geon (Fr. esiurgeon), L.Lat. sturjo, -onis; f. O.H.Ger. sturU)e, mod. stiir (= O.E. styria), a sturgeon] The surname is usually Sturgeon in our I4th-i5th cent, records; Sturgion occurs in the i6th cent. Sturge's (Son) : v. Sturge. STURGES STURGESS STURGIS Johannes Sturgys.— Yorks Poll-Tax, A.D. 1379. STURM (Storm): see the Appendix of Foreign Names. STURM AN (Eng.) i Ox-Man or -Herd [v. under Sture', Steer, and + man] 2 Steersman, Skipper [a descendant of the O.E. steSrmann, steersman, captain] STURMER(Celt. + E.) Bel. to Sturmer(e (Essex), 14th cent. Sturmere, A.-Sax. Siurtnere = the Stour-Lake [v. under Stour (Celt.) and + O.E. mere, a lake] The village is situated near the R. Stour. The lake formerly covered about 20 acres : it is mentioned ("embe [about] Sturmere") in the A. - Sax. poem 'The Battle of Maldon', a.d. 993. Rarely this name may be for the Ger. Sturmer, ' a blusterer.' STURMINSTER (Celt. + A.-Lat.) Bel. to Sturminster (Dorset), 14th cent. Stur- minster = the (R.) Stour-Minster [v. under Stour (Celt.), and -|- O.E. mynster (Lat. monasterium), a monastery, church] STU RT (Eng.) Bel. to Sturt or Stert ; or Dweller at a Tail or Tongue of Land [O.E. sUort] I3-I4th cent. West. Eng. records contain such surnames as 'de la Sturte' and 'atte Sturt.' Cp. Start and Stort- STURTEVANT"! The evidence is not con- STURTIVANT J elusive, but the name (found also as Startivant) is app. a nick- name — 'Start Away' I^for a messenger or pursuivant [f. M.E. sterten, to start, and A.-Fr. ava{u)nt, forward, away, O.Fr. avant, Lat. ab ante] Willelmus Styrtavant. — Yorks Poll-Tax, A.D. 1379. STURTON (Eng.) i a metathesized form of Stretton, Stratton, q.v. 2 = Stourton, q.v. Sturton (Grange), Yorks, was Stretun in , Domesday-Book. Sturton, Notts, form. Stretton, "is situated on Ermine Street," as also is one of the Line. Sturtons. The 'Nicholas de Sturton, Wilts', mentioned in the Testa de Nevill, evid. hailed from the mod, Stourton in 4hat county. Stutfield 199 Suggie STUTFIELD (Eng.) Bel. to Stutfield or Stot- field ; or Dweller at the Horse or Cattle Field [v. under Stott, and + M.E. O.E. feld] STUTT(A)FORD (Eng.) Dweller at the Horse or Cattle Ford [v. under Stott, and + Kford] STUTTARD i for Stothard, q.v. 2 conf. with Studdard, Stoddard, q.v. STUTTER (Eug.) Stutterer [f. late M.E. stut{te, M.E. stolen, to stutter : cp. E.Fris. stuttem = Dut. stotteren, to stutter] STYDOLPH \ (Eng.) the A.-Sax. StfSwulf STI DOLPH J ('Liber Vitae Dunelm." Stithmlf) = Strong Wolf [O.E. stUS, stiff, strong, firm + «)«//] STYE (Eng.) Dweller by i a Sty [O.E. ^^^•(a, a sty, animal-pen] 2 a Path [0,E. siig, a path] The scheref made to seke Notyngham, Bothe be strete and stye. — Roliyn Hode and the Munke, 301-2. STYER = Stye + the E. agent. saS.-er. STYLE (Eng.) Dweller by a Stile [O.E. stigol, -el\ Richard de la Style.— ifMBrf. Rolls. STYLEMAN = Style + E. man. STYLES, geuit;, and pi., of Style, q.v. STY(E)MAN = Stye (q.v.) + E. man. SUART = Seward, q.v. : cp. Stuart from Steward. The Yorks PoU-Tax, a.d. 1379, has as surnames both 5«ar/ and Sueherd. SUCH \ Q^.-Fr.-Lat.) Dweller by a Tree- SUCHE J Stump [Fr. souche; prob. f. the pp., succisum, of Lat. succidere, to cut down] Alan de la Souche. — Hund. Rolls. SUCKBITCH (Eng.) for the M.E. Sokespic, a nickname, = Suck-Bacon, for a rustic [f. O.E. sitcaii, to suck + sptc, bacon] SUCKLING (Eng.) a nickname [f. O.E. stican, to suck + the (double) dim. suff. -Hng] Robert Suciiag.— Hund. Rolls. SUCKSMITH (Eng.) an imit. form of Sixsmith, q.v. SUDBURY (Eng.) Bel. to Sudbury =the South Stronghold [Q.E. srftS + burh] Sudbury,. Suffl, occurs in A.-Sax. records as SitSbyrig'-dat. case. Ric'us [de] Sudbury. — Inq. adq. Damn., A,D. 1326. SUDDELLl (Eng.) Dweller at i the South SUDELL J Dale , [O.E. sA^ + d(Bt\ 2 the South Corner [O.E. sA^ + heali/t] SU DLOW (Eng.) Bel. to Sudlow ; or Dweller at the South Hill or Tumulus [O.E. sA'S + hlfkuj] Sudlow, Chesh., occurs as Sudlow and Sudloe in the 17th cent. SUFFIELD (Eng.) Bel. to Suffield (Yorks.: Domesday Sudfelt, Sudfeld ; Norf.) = the South Field or Plain [O.E. swS + feld] SUFFOLK (Eng.) One from Suffolk, the M.E. Suffpik{e, etc., A.-Sax. SA'^folc = the South Folk (of the East Angles). A Latin charter dated a.d. 895 ('Cart. Sax.' no. 571) has "in pago Suthfolchi". . . . they of Kente, Southsex, and Surrey, Estsex and of Southfolke and of Northfolk.— Malory, Morte d Arthur, XXI. iii. Suffolke and Norfolke near, so named of their sites. — Drayton, Polyolbion, xxiii. 135. SUGAR (Eng.) is doubtless for the M.E.. Sulgar, which occurs more than once as a surname in the Yorks Poll-Tax, a.d. 1379 [the second element is O.E. gdr, a spear : the first element seems to represent O.E. sylla, good] (A.-Fr.-East.) a compar. late nickname or trade-name from the article [M.E. suger, Fr. sucre. Span. azAcar (a- for Arab. al, the) ; Arab, sokkar, sugar] SUGDEN (Eng.) Dweller at the Sow-Hollow [0.(N.)E. sugu, a sow -|- denu, a hollow] Robertus de Sugden. — Yorks Poll-Tax, A.D. 1379. SUGG (Eng.) I a nickname and sign-name from the Sow [Dial. N. and East.E. and ,S<^ql. sugig, 0.(N,)E. sugu = Swed. sugga, a sow] 2 a nickname from the bird so called [M.E. sugge, O.E. sugga, a bird] SUGGIE = Sugg (q.v.) -f the N.E. and Scot, dim. suff. -ie, Suggie.— {i) a young sow; (2) a fat person (North. Scot.).— Jamieson, 200 Suitor Sumption SUITOR = Soutep, q.v. sullivan 1 sullevan; SULLOCH 1 (Celt.) Keen-Sighted; Sharp, SULLOCK J Knowing [Gael, and Ir. suileach] SULLY "l(Fr.-Lat. + Celt.) Bel. to Sully SULLEY J (Normandy), a.d. iiig Sul[l]iacum = the Estate of Sulla [i-ac-um, the Lat.-Gaul. poss. suff.] (Eng.) Bel. to Sudeley (Glouc), anc. Sulley, Sudley, &c., Domesday Sudlege = the South Lea [O.E. siiS + ledh] Bartholomew de Sulley, or Sudeley (GloMc,).—Hund. Rolls. Sully, Glam., app. owes its name to a Norman knight — "Sully was given by Fitzharamon to Sir Robert de Sully, who had a castle here." —Nat. Gaz. SUMMER I an O.Teut. pers. name and nick- name from the season [O.E. sumor, sumer = O.N. sumar (Dan.-Norw. sommer, Swed. sommar) = O.Sax. O.H.Ger. sumar (Ger. sommer) = O.Fris. sumur = Dut. somerl John Somer. — Sonts. Subsidy-Roll, A.D. 1327. Henr' Somer. — Charter-Rolls, temp. Hen. VI. 2 a contr. of the A.-Scand. Sumerlide or Sumerlida: v. Summerlee and Somepby. 3 for Sumnep, q.v. SUMMERFIELD (Eng.) Dweller at Summer's Field Iv. under Summep, and + M.E. Q.E.feld\ (Fr.) for'Somerville, q.v. SUM M ERLEE 1 (A.-Scand.) for the A.-Scand. SUMMERLEY ] Sumerlide or Sumerlida: v. under Somerby. In mod. Norwegian we find the form Sommaarlee as well as earlier Sumarlide. SUMMERS I Summer's (Son) : v, Summep. 2 for Sumneps, q.v. SUMMERSBY (Scand.) Bel. to Somersby (Lines) [prob.the same name as Somepby (q.v.), but with a genit. -5] SUMMERSCALE 1 (Scand.) Dweller at the SUMMERSCALES J Summer- HuT(s [O.N. sumar + skdli, a hut] The Yorks PoU-Tax, a.d. 1379, has both 'de Somerscale' and 'de SomerscaUs' as surnames. SUMMERSET : v. Somepset. SUMMER(S)FORD : v. SomepfoPd. SUMMERSGILL (Scand.) Dweller at Sumar's, or SuMARLiDE's, Ravine [v. under Summep and Somepby, and -t- O.N. gil, a ravine] SUMMERSHALL (Eng.) Bel. toSomersall (Derby), the Domesday Sumersale = Sumer's, or Sumerlide's Hall [v. under SummePand Somepby and+O.N.E.Aa//] SUMMERSKILL (Scand.) i for Summepsgill, 2 for Summepscale, q.v. ^' ' SUMMERSON i Summer's Son : v.'Summep. 2 for Sumnepson, q.v. SUMMERVILLE = Somepville, q.v. SUMNER ] (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Summoner, Appa- SUMNOR \ ritor, Ecclesiastical-Court SUMPNErJ Officer [M.E. sumenor, som{p)nour, somonour, etc., A.-Fr. somenour, etc. i f. O.Fr. som(m)oner, to summon, Lat. summonere, to remind secretly] Hugh le Sumenor. — Hund. Rolls, A.D. 1274. John Sompnour. — Vale Royal Ledger-Bk., A.D. 1428-32. As sisours fassize-men] and somonours, Sherreves and hire [their] clerkes, Bedelles and baillifs.^ — Piers Plowman, 998-1000. Ther was also a Reve and a Millere, A Somnour and a Pardoner also. — Chaucer, Cant. Tales, A 542-3. A Somonour is a rennere up and doun. — do. do. D 1283. S U M N E RS, (the) Sumner's (Son) 1 v. Su m- SUMNERSON, (the) Sumner's SoNj nep. SUM(P)TER (A.-Fr.-Lat.-Gr.) Pack-Horse Man, Sumpter-Horse Attendant [M.E. sum{e)ter, sumpter,som{e)ter,O.Tx. sommetier, L.hat. summatarius, a pack-horse driver; f. L.Lat. sagmarius, a pack-horse ; Gr. a&yna, a pack-saddle] Thomas le Someter. — De Banco Rolls, A.D. 1272-3. William le Sumeter. — Hund. Rolls, A.D. 1274. Ralph, alias Ranulph le Sumpter. — Chesh. Chmbrlns'. Accts., A.D. 1303-4. SUM(P)TERMAN = Sum(p)tep + man. SUMPTION (A.-Fr.-Lat.) an aphseresized form of a name given to one born on the festival of the Assumption (isth August) [f. the pp., assumptus, of Lat. assumere, to take to oneselt^ Sumpton 201 Suttle SUMPTON, a corrupt form of Somerton, q.v. SUNDAY (Eng.) a nickname and pers. name from the day [M.E. sunedai, sunnedei, etc., O.E. sunnan-dceg\ SUNDERLAND (Eng.) Bel. to Sunderland; or Dweller at the Private or Reserved Land (land set apart') [O.E. sundarland] The Lane. Sunderland was Sunderland in the 13th and 14th cent. ; the Yorks Sunderlandwick was Sundrelofiwic in Domesday-Book ; the Durham place was Sounderland in Boldon Book. ; SUNMAN (Eng.) the Domesday and A.-Sax. Sun(fi)matt = Sun(ny Man [O.E. sun- {sunne, sunna), sun-, sunny -f- man{n'\ SUNNER for Sumner, q.v. SUNNERS for Sumners, q.v. SUNTER for Sum(p)tep, q.v. SURFLEET (Eng.) Bel. to Surfleet (Lines), 13th cent. Surflet = the Sour Water [M.E. sur, O.E. sAr, sour + M.E.fiet, O.E. Jleot, water, a stream] SURLE for Seple, q.v. SURMAN \ (Eng.) Sour or Surly Man SURMON J [M.E. sur, O.E. siit, sour + mati\ Cp. 'Sweetman' ; and E. 'surly'. SURR (A.-Fr.-Lat.) prob. for the M.E. and M.Scot, ser, sere, etymologically more correct than sir, sire : v. Sire. "Gud Ser, behald, and thu may se . . " —Scot. Legends of the Saints (Machor and Dewynik). Hardly, for more than one reason, for the Scand. sur [O.N. sur-r\ 'sour,' 'sUUen'. SURRAGE for Suppidge, q.v. SURREY! (Eng.) Bel. to Surrey, the M.E. SURRY ISurreye, A. - Sax. StiWg (dat. SiiSrige) = the Southern Waterside (of the Thames opp. old London) [O.E. .sriSffl, prop, the compar. of sttS, south -|- ((e)g, waterside, etc.] " sfitS ofer Temese on SitSrige." — A.-Sax. Chron., A.D. 851. Cp. Southpey. SURRIDGE (Eng.) Dweller at the South Ridge [O.E. srftS -|- hrycg'\ SURTEES (Fr.-Lat. + Celt.) Dweller On the (R.) Tees [Fr. sur, Lat. super, on ; and v. Tees] The M.Lat. form of this name was super Tysam or Tmam. Rivers glso have imposed names to some men, as they have to towns situated on them; as the old Baron Sur Teys, that is, on the River Teys, running between Yorkshire and the Bishoprick of Duresme. — Camden, Remains cone. Brit., ch. ■Surnames'. SUSSEX (Eng.) Bel. to Sussex, the A.-Sax. Slits Seaxe = the South Saxons. Si's Seaxe and East Seaxe. — A.-Sax. Chron., A.D. 823. SUTCH = Such, q.v. SUTCLIFF \ (Eng.) Dweller by the South SUTGLIFFE / Cliff [O.E. jijts + clif'\ This surname occurs in the Yorks PoU-Tax, A.D. 1379, as both &)u(Ac/(/ and Sothclyff. SUTER 1 (A.-Lat.) Shoemaker [O.E. sitere, SUTORJ Lat. jMtor] Patrick le Suter. — Chesh. Chmbrlns'. >Accts., A.D. 1303-4. See Souter. SUTHERLAND (Scand.) Bel. to Sutherland, the O.N. Su'Srland = the Southern Land (compared with the Orkneys). SUTHERST (Eng.) Dweller at the South Wood [O.E. iu'tS -1- hyrsi\ luT?HlRY}^-So"thPey. SUTHREN, V. Sothep(a)n. luTL!EFF}^°'^Sutcliff,q.v. SUTTER for Sutep, q.v. SUTTERBY (Scand.) Bel. to Sutterby (Lines) = the Southern Dwelling or Farmstead [O.N. su'Sr (Swed. soder) + b^-r] SUTTERLEY (Eng.) Bel. to Sotterley (Suff.), 13th cent. Soterle = the South Lea [Soter- for M.E. Sother-, O.E. suiSra, siitSra, prop, compar. of silS, south = O.N. sUSr (v. under Suttepby) + M.E. ley, O.E- ledh, a lea] SUTTILLI (Eng.) Dweller at the South SUTTLE ; Hill [O.E. siiS hyll; with inter- dentalism lost through Scand. influence : cp. Suttepby] Soothill, W. Yorks, was Sutill in the 14th cent. , (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Subtle, Clever, Cun- ning [A.-Fr. sotil, etc. ; Lat. subtilis, fine, thin] And if that thow sotil be, Help now thiselve.— Piers Plowman, I2i8i-3t 202 Suttley Swan5comb(e SUTTLEY for Sutferley, q.v. SUTTON (Eng.) Bel. to Sutton, the M.E. Sutton{e, A.-Sax. SUVtun - the South En- closure, Farmstead, or Village [O.E. siiS, sOp + mn] Sutton, Surrey, occurs in a wholly Latin charter dated a.d. 727 ('Cart. Sax.' no. 39) as "apud Su^tone," SUTTOR for Sutor : v, Suter. SWABEY \ (Scand.) Bel. to Swaby (Lines), SWABY J 13th cent. Swaby [O.N. 6^-r, farm, estate: the 'first element, Swa-,'ma.y re- present the O.N. pers. (ethnic) n^me Siidf-r (=0.E. Swckf), 'Swabian'; or O.N. Sueinn (= O.E. Swan) (v. Swain] SWAFFHAM (Eng.) Bel. to Swaffham (Norf. and Camb.: 13th cent. Swaffham, Swafham) = Sw.«;f's Home or Estate [v. under Swaby, and + O.E. hdm\ We find the Cont. Low-Ger. counter- part of this place-name — SuAfliim — in a gth-cent. register of the Abbey of Wer- den-an-der-Kuhr. SWAFFI^LD (Eng.) Bel. to Swafield (Norf.), 13th cent. Swaf eld [O.E. f eld, afield, plain: for the first element see under Swaby] SWAILES, V. Swales. SWAIN "I (Scand. and Eng.) orig. Swine- SWAINE J herd; later Herdsman, Servant, or Man generally [M.E. swayn(e, sweynie, swein, etc. ; O.N. sueinn = U.E. swdn] John le Swein,— Hund. Rolls. Sueinn (Swed. Sven, Dan.-Norw. Suend, a youth, servant), like the almost equally lowly Karl (churl), became a royal name — Sueinn konungr tiagu-skegg . . . [ob. 1014] (King Sweyn Forkbeard . . . ). Sueinn Dana-konungr ok Ol^fr Suia- konungr ... (Sweyn, King of the Danes, and Olaf, King of the Swedes . . . ). — The Death of Olaf Trygguason. Hym boes [behoves] serve hym-self that has na swayn, Or elles he is a fool, as clerkes sayn. — Chaucer, Cant- Tales, A 4027-8. With that sprong forth anakedswayne.— Spenser, Shepheards Cat. (March). 8WAINS0N, (the) Swain's Son: v. Swain. Thomas Swaynesson.— rorfe PoU-Tm A.D. 1379. SWAiNSTON (Eng.) Dweller at Swain's or Swan's Farmstead [v. under Swain, and + O.E. mn] There is a Swainstou jn the Isle of Wight. SWALE (Scand.) the Norse Svale, O.Norse Suali [O.N. sual-r, cool, cold, fresh] Ricardus Swale. — Yorks Poll-Tax, A.D. 1379. (Teut.) Dweller by the R. Swale [prob. f. O.E. swilian (prt. sg. swal), to swill, wash] Thomas de Swale. — Yorks Poll-Tax, A.D. 1379. (Eng.) Dweller at a Swale [Dial. E. swale, " a gentle rising of the ground, but with a corresponding declivity" ; app. f. O.E. swellan (prt. sg. sweall), to swell] SWALES, Swale's (Son) : v. Swaie, esp.i SWALLOW (Eng.) a nickname from the bird [M.E, swalewe, swalowe, O.E. swealwe] (Scand.) Bel. to Swallow (Lines), a.d. 1226-7 Swalewe [prob. Dial. N. and East E. swallow, a deep hollow, abyss ; O.N. suelg-r, f. suelga, to swallow : cp.. O.E. swelgend, an abyss, whirlpool, f. O.E. swelgan, to swallow, absorb] SWAN 1 (Eng. and Scand.) i a nickname SWANN \iTom the Swan [O.E. swan ~ SWANNE JO.N. s»a«-y] Henry le Swan. — Rolls of Pari. 2 a sign-name. Thomas atte Swan. — Close Rolls. 3 = Swain, q.v. SWANCOCK = Swan (q.v.) + the pet suff. ' -cock. SWANCOTT "I (Eng.) Dweller at i the Herds- SWANCOAT I mai?sCot [O.E. «i;a'«, a swain, herdsman + coi\ 2 the Swan-Cote [O.E. swan -f cot\ There is a township called Swancott in Shropshire. SWANNINGTON (Eng.) Bel. to Swannington (Norf. : 14th cent. Swenington ; Leic.) = the Estate of the Swan- Family [A.-Sax. *Swdninga-tun — swan (= O.N. Sueinn), swain, warrior -f- -inga, genit. pi. of the fil. suff. -ing | tun, estate, etc.] SWANSCOMB(E (Eng.) Bel. to Swanscombe {S.tnt), i^th cent. Swaneschampe, A.D. 695 Suanescamp ('C.S'. no. 87) = Swan's Camp [the genit. of O.E, swdn, a swain, warrior + eamp, borrowed f, Lat. camp-us\ Swanson 203 Swepstone The change in the second element of the place-name has doubtless been helped by the fact that it is topographically suitable, the village being situated "in a hollow" [O.E. cumb (f. Celtic), a hollow] SWANSON I Swan's Son : v. Swan. 2 = Swainson, q.v. SWANSTON (Eng.) i Dweller at Swan's Farmstead [v. Swan, and + M.E. -ton, to», O.E. 7(2n, farm, etc.] 2 = Swainston, q.v. There is a Swanston in c6. Edinburgh; and a Swanneston occurs in the Charter- Rolls for Kent tp. Hen. VI. SWANTON (Eng.) Bel. to Swanton (Norf.: 13th cent. Swanton, Swantun; Kent: A.-Saz. , Swdnatun — 'C.S.' no. 1322; etc.) = the Swains' Place [O.E. swdn, genit. pi. swdna, swain, herdsman -ff tin, dwelling(s] SWANWICK (Eng.) Bel. to Swanwick (Hants: 13th cent. 5wan«uic; Derby, etc.) = Swan's Place [v. under Swain, and + O.E. wic\ SWARBRECK \ (Scand.) Bel. to Swarbrick SWARBRICK \ (N.Lancs) a.d. 1249 Suarte- SWARBRIGG J brec = the Black Slope [O.N. suart-r, black -|- brekka, a slope] William de Swartebricke. — Latic, Ing., A.D. 1286. SWART (Eng. and Scand.) Swarthy, Dark [M.E. swart(e, O.E. sm(e)art = O.N. suart-r (= Ger. schwarz] hrsefen wandrode, swearta.ndssa.lo- brfln (the) raven wan- dered, swart and dark- brown. — The Finnesburh Fight, 69-70. Untill a nation straunge, with visage swart. — Spenser, Faerie Queene, II. x. 15. SWATHLING (Eng.) Bel. to Swathlfng (Hants), a.d. 932 Sw(s\>elingeford = the Ford of the Sw^>el Family [the pers. name is rare, if not unique ; but it is evid. a nickname f. (with dim. suff. -el) O.E. swa^, a scar, a var. of O.E. swa]>, a track, trace + -inga, genit. pi. of the fil, suff. -ing] SWATMAN = Sweetman, q.v. SWEAR = Swire, q.v. SWEARS, Swbar's (Son). SWEATMAN = Sweetman, q.v, SWEENEY! (Celt.) the Irish Suibhne, prob. SWEENY J for Suidhne—dh mute (cp. Ir. suibhe for suidhe, a session, assize) [Ir. suidh, a hero + the dim. suff, -«e] (occ.) (Eng.) Dweller at (i) the Swine- Meadow [O.E. swin + ge)hteg] (2) the Swine Island or Waterside [O.E. swln -I- {{e)g'] Sweeney is the name of a Shropshire township. SWEET (Eng.) [M.E. swet(e, suete, O.E. sai/te, sweet] SWEETAPPLE (Eng.) Dweller by theSwEET- Apple (Tree) [O.E. swdte -i- mppel] SWEETCOCK (Eng.) = Sweet (q.v.) -t- the E. pet suff. -cock. Adam Swetcoc. — Hu«d. Rolls. SWEETENHAM, v. Swetenham. SWEETING (Eng.) i the Domesday Sueting, A.-Sax. Sweting = Swet(a)'s Son [v. under Sweet, and -1- the O.E. fil. sufl. ■ing\ 2 Dweller at the Sweet Meadow [O-E sw^te + ing (O.N. eng), a meadow] John de Sweting. — Testa de Nevill. SWEETMAN = Sweet (q.v.) -1- E. man. Swetman was not an uncommon A.-Saxon name. There has been sporadic confusion with Swetenham, q.v. SWEETNAM, v. Swetenham. SWEETSER ■> SWEET SIR (Eng. -J- A.-Fr.-Lat.) Sweet SWEETSIRE f Sir [v. Sweet and Sire] sweetzerJ Richard Swetesire. — Close Rolls, A.D. 1355. There has been confusion with Swltzer, q.v. SWENEYl i.e^„„„/ v„ _„ SWENY ; Sween(e)y, q.v. SWEPSTONE (Eng.) Bel. to Swepstone (Leic), the Domesday Scopestone [O.E. Stan, a stone : the first element is app. f. the pret., scop, of O.E. scieppan, to create, form ; and the reference is doubtless to a figured or ornamental stone of some kind (rather than to the 'Stone of the Poet' [O.E. scSpl Swetenham 204 Swinerton SWETENHAM ] (Eng.^ Bel. lo Swettenham SWETNAM KChesh.), I3th-i4th cent. S)NETTEN»/KM } Swetenham = Sweta's Home [A.-Sax. *Swetan-hdm — Swdtan-, genit. of Sweta (f. swite, sweet) + Mm, home, estate] The -h- in the surname began early to drop out — Hankyn de Swetenam. — Pat. Rolls, A.D. 1403. There has been occ. confusion with Swetman. SWETMAN (Eng.) the Domesday and A.-Sax. Swetman = Sweet Man [O.E. sw^te + man'\ SWIFT (Eng.) [M.E. swyft, O.E. swift, fleet] SWINBANK (Eng. and Scand.) Dweller at the Swine-Bank [O.E. swin = O.N. suin; and see under Bank] A Westmoreland Swinbank occurs in the 1 6th cent, as Swynebank. (Eng.) Bel, to Swinburn ; or Dweller at the Swine-Brook [O.E. swin -f- burne\ SWINBORN SWINBORNE SWINBURN SWINBURNE The Northumbrian Swinburn, 13th cent. Svjytibume, " takes its name from the Swinburn brook, a tributary of the North Tyne." {Nat. Gas.) (Scand.) the O.Scand. SuinbiSm — Wise Bear [O.N. suinn-r, wise, intelligent -\- biont, a bear] SWIN DALE ] (Eng. and Scand.) Bel. to Swin- SWINDELL \ dale ; or Dweller at the Swine- SWINDLE J Valley {O.E. swin = O.N. suin + O.E. dcel = O.N. dal-r] Swindale, Westmd., was Swindale c. 1200. SWINDELLS \ pi., and genit., of Swindell, SWINDLES /Swindle. But the Chesh. Swindells are said to owe their name to a spot called Swyndelves [O.E. ge)delf, a ditch, trench] in the 14th cent. SWINDEN ■) (Eng.) Bel. to Swinden ; or SWIN DIN J Dweller at the Swine- Valley [O.E. swin + denu] The W. Yorks Swinden was Swyndenie in the 14th cent., Suindene in Domesday- Book. SWINDLEHURST (Eng.) Dweller at i the Swine-Dale Wood [v. under Swindale, and -t- O.E. hyrst, a wood] 2 the Swine-Lea Wood [v. under Swinley, and + O.E. hyrst] A ' John Swinlehurst ' occurs in a Lane. doct. a.d. 1576. SWINDLEY for Swinley, q.v. SWIN DON (Eng.) Bel. to Swindon ; or Dweller at the Swine-Hill [O.E. swin -f i*fe (Dan.-Norw. toJt) = O.E. j'anc, thought, I'avour, grace (thanks): see underTancred] with the Fr. dim. suff. -et (-on in the case of Tacon). We also find in France the dims. Taconet, Taconnet, Tacnet, Taconnot; as well as Tacot. The pers. element in the Norfolk place- name Tacolneston is prob. a Scand. T{h)akulf (= A.-Sax. Thancwulf) ; and the medial '« in the place-name an early misreading for v. TADD is prob. for the Wei. tad, 'father'. TADHUNTER for Todhuntep, q.v. TADLEY (Eng.) Bel. to Tadley (Hants)^ a.d. 909 Tadanledh = Tada's Lea [A.-Sax. Tadan-, genit. of Tada ; prob. borrowed f. Wei. tad. father] TADLOO 1 (Eng.) Bel. to Tadlow (Camb.) TADLOWJi3th cent. Tadelowe, A.-Sax. *Tadan-hMw = Tada's Hill or Tumu- lus [v. under Tadley] TADMAN (Eng.) for the A.-Sax. Tdtmann = Merry Man [O.E. tdt- (= O.N. teit-r), cneerful, merry] TAFF = Taaffe, q.v. TAFNER for TavePnep, q.v, Taft ao7 Talmati TAFT, a North, form of Toft, q.v. (as 'craft' is "Taft, a messuage".- °f '<=™ft') Jamieson, Scot Diet. TAGART "1 ((.gjj J j,pjjjj. jjf MaoTaggart, q.v. TAGERT TAGGART TAGG (Scand.) a nickname from the animal [Dial. E. tag, a yearling sheep: cp. Swed. tacka,, a ewe] "Tag, Tagge, a sheep of the first year". — Cp. Tegg. ^"^*' ^^"*' ^"''■ (A.-Gr.) a pet form of Agnes [Gr. ayi/lx, pure, chaste, sacred] Both Tag and Tagge occur as surnames in the Yorks Poll-Tax a.d. 1379. TAGG ETT \ = -^^Sg (q-v.) + the Ff. dim. TAGGITT suff. -et. TAGUE (Celt.) a contr. of Mac Tague, q.v. TAILER, V. Taylor. TAILYOUR, a Scot, form of Taylor, q.v. Tailyouris [var. Telyouris\ and Sowtaris, blist be ye ! — Dunbar, Telyouris and SenvtariS' . . . litstaris, wobstaris, tailyeouris. — Burgh Seeds. Aberdeen, A.D. 1505. TAINTER 1 (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Tinter, Dyer TAI NTERER S- [f. Fr. teint, a dye (Fr. teinturier, TAI NTOR ) a dyer) ; Lat. tinct-^s, a dyeing —'tingere, to dye] Stephen le Teynterer. — Hund. Rolls. John le Teyntour.— i?oWs of Pari. TAIT "I (A.-Scand.) Cheerful, Gay, Brisk TAITE • [M.E. te:v/, tete (Scot, tait), O.E. tdt TAITT J = O.N.te«-r] (later) (A.-Fr.-Lat.) i a nickname from some peculiarity of the Head [Fr. tlte^ O.Fr. teste, a head ; Lat. testa, a pot, (fig.) a skull] 2 Tite is also a French local name (cp. Head). (A. - Fr.) Pillager, Bandit fO.Fr. talebot'\ TALBOT TALBOTT TALBUT TALBUTTJ Talebotus Talebot.— Pine-Rolls, A.D. 1284. Ta/Jo/ occurs in the listof "Compagnons de, Guillaume ^ la CpnquSte de I'Angle- terre en MLXVI" graven over the main doorway (inside) of the old church at DiveS; and, of course, in the alleged copies of the Roll of Battle Abbey. In the dialect of Normandy talbot signi- fies 'lampblack', 'pot-black'— Talehot s'est dit dans I'andenne langue pour pillard, voleur; peut-Stre pourrait-on rattacher cette denomination k I'habitude qu'avaient et qu'ont gard6e certains bandits de se rendre m6connaissables en se noircissant le visage. — , Moisy, Diet. Patois Norm., p. 615. TALBOYS (A.-Fr..Lat. + Teut.) i Bel. to Taillebois (Orne, Normandy) ; or Dweller at the Cut Wood [f. Fr. tailler, to cut (cp. Tallis) ; and see Boys, BoyceJ 2 Wood-Cutter or -Trimmer [same Cp.Talfer. ^'^""-^ TALFER ) (A,-Fr.-Lat.) the Fr. Taillefer, a TALFOR ( trade- or nick-name = Cut Iron [f. Fr. tailler, to cut (cp. Tallis), and -1- Fr, fer, Lat. ferr-um, iron] William Tailefer.— .ff»«rf. Rolls. As one of William the First's com- panions, Taillefer is mentioned more than once by Wace — Sires, dist [dit] Taillefer, merci, Jo [je] vos ai lungement servi. — Roman deRou, ii. 183 sqq. TALIE8IN (Celt.) Fair Front, Radiant Brow [Wei. tal, the front, forehead, etc.+ iesin, fair, radiant, etc.] TALINTIRE (Celt.) Bel. to Tallentire (Cumb.), A.D. 120S Talghentir [app. Cym. taken (c as k), front, brow + tir, land : this ety- mology seems to be borne out by the topography — " the village is situated on a declivity"] TALLACK (Celt.) As this is a Cornish name the orig. may be the Corn, form (talhac) of Wei. talaivg, 'having a large forehead' [f. Corn, and Wei. (and Bret.) tal, the front, forehead.] The cogn. Bret, talek, 'qui a un gratia front', is used as a family-name in Brittany. TALLAND 1 (Celt.) Bel. to Talland (Cornwall), TALLANT J evid. named from the Saint Tallan to whom the church is dedicated. TALLBOY, an imit. form of Talboys, q.v. TALLEMACH(E (Fr.) a nickname from the O.Fr. tal{e)mache, 'wallet,' 'knapsack.' Peter Talemache.— if««rf. Rolls. TALLERMAN (Eng.)prob.forTallman (q.v.), in which case -er is a phon. intrusion ; it may, however, be the compar. suff. TALLIS (A..Fr.-LatJ Dweller at the Cut or Trimmed Copse [Fr., taillis, a copse ; prop, "jeune bois mis en coupe r6gl6e"; f. Fr. tailler.to cut; Lat. talea, a cutting, graft] TALLMAN T (Eng.) Willing or Prompt Man TALMAN J [M.E, tal, willing, obedient : cp. O.E. ge)tal, duick, prompt] Walter Talman.- Soms. Subsidy-Roll, A.D. 1337, Talmadge TAM, a North, form of T(h)om, q.v. TAMBLIN 1 North, forms (with intrus. -J-) of TAMBLYN J Tomlin, q.v. TAME (Celt.) Bel. to Thame ; or Dweller by the R. Tame or Thame [O.Celt, tdm, quiet, placid] John de Tame (Oxon)— /7«»i. Soils. TAM KIN = Tam, T(h)om (q.v.) + the E. (double) dim. suff. -kin [O.Low Teut. -k-in] TAMLYN } ^°'^'^- ^°™® °^ Tomlin, q.v. TAMMAGE, an assim^ form of Talmage, Tallemach(e, q.v. TAMPLIN 1 North, forms (with intrus. -/>-) TAMPLING r of Tomlin, q.v. TAMS, TAM'S (Son) 1 „ Tom T<'h^nm TAMSON, Tam's Son] ^- ^^'^^ T(h)om. TANCOCK I = Tann' (q.v.) + the pet suff. -cock. 3 an unvoiced form of Dancock, q.v. TANCRED (A.-Fr..Teut.) the O.Teut. Tancrad, Dancrat(A..Sax.Thancred,O.^.Thak(k)rad), &c. = Gracious Counsel [O.H.Ger. danc = O.Sax. thank = O.E. ^anc = O.N. Yakk-, Y'oldl, thought, favour, grace, thank + O.H.Ger. rdt = O.Sax. rdd = O.E. rckd = O.N. rats, advice, counsel] TANDY, an unvoiced form of Dandy, q.v. TANFIELD (Eng.) Bel. to TanEeld (Yorks« : 14th cent. Tanfeld, Domesday Tanefeld; Durh.) = the Scrubby Field [O.E. tdn, pi. of td, a twig, branch + feld, a field, plain] > TANGYE (A.-Fr.-Celt. and Corn.) the Fr. Tanguy, Bret. Tanguy, Tanneguy (M.Lat. Tanneguidus) [perh. Bret, tdn (5= Wei. and Corn, tdn), fire + Bret. guiti(= Wei. gwiw, Corn, gwyw, apt), brisk] Jenner (who does not attempt to ex- plain the name) has the following note: — "Tangye (Tanguy, a quite common name in Brittany, from St. Tanguy, one of the entourage of St. Pol of Leon).''— 'Corn. Names' : Hdbk. Com. Lang., 1904, p. 199. For the first element we may compare the fem. name Tannwen of the ' Mabinog- ion.' Doubtless the Tengy (not infreq.) of the Hundred-Rolls (a.d. 1274) is the same name — Tengy ad Fontera (Camb.) 308 Tapeser I for Tan c red, q.v. TANKARD TANKERD Both of these forms of Tancred are found as early as the 14th cent, in Eng. records. TANKERAY, v. Tanquenay. TANN (Eng.) Dweller at the Scrub [v. under Tanfield] William de Tan.— Hund. Rolls, A.D. 1274. There is a Tan Hill in Yorks. (Scand.) an O.Scand. pers. name = Tooth, Tusk [O.N. tann-r, later tsnn; .seen in Hilditann-r, etc.] Adam Tan. — Yorks Poll-Tax, A.D. 1379. TANNAR\ (Eng.) Leather-Maker [O.E. TANNER r tannere\ See the quot. from 'The Tanner of Tamworth' under Barker. TANNATTl = Tann' (q.v.) -|- the Fr. dim. TAN N ETT J suff. -at, -et. There seems to have been some con- fusion with Dannatt, Dannett, q.v. TAN NOCH 1 (Celt.) Dweller at a Meadow TANNOCK J [Gael, (and Ir.) tamhnachi TANQUERAY (Fr.-Teut.) Bel. to Tanqueray (France), M.Lat.*ra«cAmac«»i =T(h)anc- heri's Estate [for the first element see under Tanored: the second is O.Sax. and O.H.Ger. fieri, army; the third is the Lat.-Gaul. possess, suff. -dc-um] The Seine-Inf^rieure place-name Tan- carville is the same name with the Lat.- Gaul. poss. suff. replaced by Lat. villa. TANSLEY. Bel. to Tansley (Derby), the Domesday Taneslege [O.E. ledh, a lea : the first element seems to be the genit. of the O.Scand. pers. name Tann-r (v. Tann'], TANTON (Celt.+E.) Bel. to i Tanton (Yorks), the Domesday Tametun = the Enclosure or Dwelling(s on the R. Tame [O.E. tun, enclosure, etc. ; and see under Tame] 2 Taunton (Soms.), 13th cent. Tanton A.-Sax. Tantiin = the Enclosure or Dwelling(s on the R. Tan (now Tone) [O.E. tun, enclosure, etc.: for the river- name cp. O.Ir. tdin, tdn, water] Guido de Tanton. — Hund. Rolls (Soms.). tapIsIrI'-t^p'^^^)^"' Taphouse 209 Tarr TAPHOUSE (Eng.) Dweller at a Tavern or Inn [O.E. tceppa, a tap + hus\ Their senses are with blacke damnation drunke, Whose heart is Satans tap-house or his inne. — John Taylor, Workes (1630) i. 3. There are places called Tap House in both Devon and Cornwall. , TAPISER 1 (A.-Fr. - Lat. - Gr.) Tapestry- TAPISSER j- Worker, Upholsterer [Fr. TAPSER j tapissier ; f. Fr. tapisserie, tapes- try, to/iji, a carpet, etc.; Lat. to/>?/e, tapestry, etc., Gr. Tiiriit, a carpet, rug] TAPLAY 1 (Eng.) Bel. to Tap(e)ley (Devon), TAPLEY I iz'(iicmtTapplegh,A..-S>?>.-x..*T(eppan- Jedh = TiEPPA's Lea [the pers. , name Ttzppa, genit. Teeppan-, is app. a nickname (for an innkeeper) f. O.E. teeppa, m., a tap (whence ttsppere, a tavern-keeper] There may have been sporadic confusion with Tabley, q.v. TAPLIN = Tamplin (q.v.), with -m- assim. to -P-. TAPLING = Taplin with intrus. -g. TAPP (Eng.) I the A.-Sax. pers. name Tappa : V. under Tapley. 2 an abbrev. of one of the Tap- names. 3 a North, (esp. Scot.) form of Topp,q.v. TAPPENDEN (Eng.) Bel. to Tappenden or Toppenderi (Kent), anc. Tappendene, A.-Sax. *T(eppan-denu=TMPPA's Valley ITiBppan-, genit. of Tteppa : v. under Tapley] TAPPER (Eng.) Beer-Seller, Innkeeper [M.E. tapper{e, O.E. tappere] John le Tapper. — Hund. Rolls. TAPPIN = Tapp (q.v.) + the;A.-Fr. dim. suff. -in. TAPPING I = Tappin, with intrus. -^. 2 for an A.-Sax. Tapping— Tapp- + the fil. suff. -ing : v. under Tapley. Cp. ' Tapping-oe Hall', Essex. TAPPLY = Tapley (q.v.) TAPSCOTT (Eng.) Dweller at Ta(p)p's Cot [v. under Tapp, and -)- M.E. cotl, O.E. ' cot, a cottage] TAPSQN, Tap(p)'s Son ; v. Tapp. TAPSTER (Eng.) (orig. female) Beer-Seller, Innkeeper [M.E. tappester(e, O.E. tappestre] He knew the tavernes well in all the toun. And everich hostiler and tappestere. — Chaucer, Cant. Tales, A 240-1, TARBARD TARBART TARBERT \ forms of Torbart (etc.), q.v. TAR BET TARBUTT TARBERT \ (Celt.) Bel. to Tarbet or Tar- TARBET jbert = the Isthmus [Gael, tair- beart\ Tarbet or Tarbert, co. Argyle, "is sit- uated on a neck of land between East and West Tarbert Lochs". (Scand.) for Torbert, q.v. TARBOCK \ (Scand.) Bel. to Tarbock (Lanes), TARBUCKJanc. Torboc, Torhec = Thor's Brook [O.N. bekk-r, a brook] TARGE (Fr.-Teut. and E.) a nickname and (later) local name [Fr. targe, a shield, target ; O.N. targa = O.E. targe, targa, a small shield] Richard Targe. — Hund. Rolls. TARGETT i = Targe (q.v.) -f the Fr. dim. suif. -et. [O.Fr. targuete, a small shield] Often meton. for Targetman — "Scutati . . . Armezdeboucliers. The shieldbearers, or targetmen." — Nomenclator, A.D. 1585. 2 for Torgett, q.v. TARL(E)TON (Scand.) Bel. to Tarleton (Lanes: i3tn cent. Tarleton; Glouc. : anc. Thorleton) = Tarald's or Thorwald's Estate [v. under Thorald, and -|- O.N. tun, enclosure, estate, etc.] The form of the pers. name in this place-name is exactly paralleled by the Norw. place-name TarlebS, in 1563 Tharallebo. Tarald and Torald are present-day Norwegian forms of the O.N. Thirald-r or Thoruald-r. TARLING: v.TeMing, TARN (Scand.) Dweller by a Pool [M.E. tern(e, O.N. tisrn] In Kyng Arthurs tym ane awntyr [ad- venture] bityde BythererKeWathelynr'TgaraWadling, or Tarn Watling,in Cutnberland "]. — The Awntyrs of Arthure, 1-2. TARR, a var, of Tppr, q.v. Tarrant 210 Tawyer TARRANT (Celt.) Bel. to Tarrant (Dorset), named t. the River, 9-i3th cent. Tarent [f. (with post-« intrus. -/) the early form ofWel. (and Corn.)Yara«(«, noise, thunder = Bret, taran, noise-maker = Ir. toran, 'a sounding or great noise' (E.Ir. torand, thunder) = Gael, torunn, 'a loud, murmur- , ing noise'] Tarent Abb'ia. — Charter-Rolls, A.D. 1236-7. TARRETt) **"' Terratt, Terrett, q.v. T^RRY^ } forms of Terry, q.v. TARTT } (^°S.) Sharp, Severe [O.E. t{.e)ari\ TASKER (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Thrasher, Reaper; Task- Worker, i.e. Piece-Worker [M.E. taskerie ; f. (with agent, suff. -er) M.E. taske, O.Fr. tasque, tasche (Fr. tdche), a task; L.Lat. tasca, taxa, a tax; Lat. taxare, to appraise] Gilbert Tasker. — Hund. Rolls, A.D. 1274. Henry le Taskere.?— Lane. Ing., A.D. 1293. TASSELL (A.-Fr.-Lat:) a nickname from the Hawk [M.E. tassel{l for earlier tercel, O.Fr. t{i)ercel, male hawk ; f . (with dim. suff. -el) O.Fr. tierce, tiers, Lat, tertius, third] (A.-Fr..Teut.) the French Tassel, a dim. f. the O.Ger. Tas{s)o. (A.-Fr.-Lat.-Gr.) a double dim. L Eustace, q.v. TASSEL(L)ER, a form of Teaslep, q.v. TATCHELL, the Frenchrac^e/ (^aterTacheau), a double dim. f. Eustache: v. Eustace l-el, dim. suff. ; Lat. -ell-us] Gilbert Tachel.— if«n(/. Rolls. TATE, V. Tait(e. Nicholas Tate.— Hund. Rolls. TATlM'""}fo^Tatham,q.v. TATHAM(Eng.) Bel, to Tatham (Lanes), 13th cent. Tateham, tatham = Tata's (m.) or Tate's (f.) Home [v. under Tait(e, and + O.E. Mm, home, estate] TATLOCK (Eng.) Bel. to Tatlock (Chesh. or SXancs), i6th cent, same spelling[the first dementis the A.-Sax.pers. name Tata (m.) or Tate (f.) (v. under Tait(e) : the second element is rather for O.E. lacu, a stream, th^n 0,£. loc{a, an enclosure, stronghold] TATLOW (Eng.) Bel. to Tetlow (Lanes), 14th cent. Tetlawe=TiETA.'s Hill or Tumulus [the A.-Sax. pers. name Tata is a var. of Tata (v. under Tait(e) :■ — l-O.E. hlAw, hill, etc.] Some confusion with Tad low (q.v.) was inevitable. TATNELl} fo"- Tattenhair, q.v. TATTAM for Tatham, q.v. TATTENHALL (Eng.) Bel. to Tattenhall (Chesh.), A.D. 1303-4 Tatenhale, A-Sax. *ratanA(«)a?/=TATA'sHALL[rata»-,genit. of Tata (v. under Tait(e) + O.E. A(e)aH, a hall] TATTERSALL "I (Eng.; Bel. to Tattershalt TATTERSHALL f (Lines), 13th cent. Tattes- hall, Tateshale, A.-Sax. *Tatesh(e)all = Tat's Hall [v. under Tait(e, and + O.E. h{e)atl, a hall] TATTON (Eng.) Bel. to Tatton (Chesh.), 13th cent. Tatton, A.-Sax. *Tatan-tiin = Tata's Estate [Tahn-, genit. of Tata (v. under. Tait(e) -|- O.E. tUn, estate, etc.] TATUM for Tatham, q.v. TAUNTON (Celt. + E.) Bel. to Taunton : v. Tanton'. TAVENER ^ TAVERNER TAVERNOR TAVINER TAVINOR TAVNER TAVNOR , (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Tavern-Keeper [M.E. taverner, etc.Fr. tavemier, f. Fr. taverne, a tavern, Lat. tdbema, a hut] Falco le Taverner. — Hund.Rolls. Rie'us Taverner.— Inq. adq. Damn., A.D. 1410-11. Thiseriotoures thre, of whiche Itelle ... Were set hem in a taverne forto drynke... By Seinte Marie I seyde this taverner. — Chaucer, Cant. Tales, C 661, etc. TAVISTOCK (Celt. + E.) Bel. to Tavistock (Devon), a.d. 981 lavistoc — 'at Tavistoce', (daU = the Dwelling(s on the R. Tavy [O.E. st6c,a dwelling-place : for the river- name cp. Ir. tamhach (nth as v), quiet, sluggish, the stem of which (tamh) is cognate with Wei. taw (also a river-name), still, quiet] Abbas de Tavistock. — Charter-Rolls, A.D. 1285-6. \ (Eng.) TAWYER J M.E, TAWER Leather-Dresser [f. taiven, to prepare skins ; O.E. tdwian, to prepare, dress] Tayler ail Tedmund TAYLER \ (A.-Fr..Lat.) Tailor [M.E. toy- TAYLOR/ lo{u)r, tayler, etc., O.Fr. taitteor (Fr. tailleur), prop, cutter; Fr. tailler, to cut ; Lat. talea, a cutting] This name was Latinized Pamtentdrius. Some foolish knave (I thinke) at first began The slander that three Taylers are one man ; When many a Taylers boy I know hath beene Hath made tall men much fearefuU io be seene. — John Taylor, Workes (1630), iii. 73. Tay!:IrIon}('^^) TAILOR'S Son. TAYNTON (Eng.) Bel. to Taynton (Oxford : 13th cent. Teynton; Glouc. : 13th cent. Teynton, Tethingtone, etc., Domesday Tetinton, Tatinion, prob. representing an A.-Sax. *Tcetan-tiln = TjETa's Estate [Talati; genit. of Tceta : the pers. name is prob. conn, with O.E. tpetan, to caress, and therefore with O.E. tat = O.N. teit-r, cheerful] TEAGUE, acontractedvar. of Mao Tigue, q.v. TEAKLE = Tickle, q.v. (Teut.) a nickname from theWATER- FowL [M.E. tele, O.E. *tckle] TEAL TEALE TEALL Martin Tele.— Hund. Rolls. TEALING (Teut.) iia nickname from the waterfowl, the Teal [cp. M.Dut. teeling, mod. taling, a teal] 2 Bel. to Tealing (Forfar), 15 th cent. Teling. TEAR "1 (Eng.) Dweller at a Peak or Point TEAPE J [West. Eng. leap ; a lengthening of E. 'tip'] TEAR I (Celt.) contr. of Mao Tear, a form TEARE J of Mao Intyre, q.v. TEARLE (Eng.) Stern, Strict, Severe > [O.E. ^earl] :|:|A|}= Tees, q.v. TEASDALE = Teesdale, q.v. TEASLER (Eng.) Teaser, Carder [f. O.E. Idsel, a teasel; tdsan,to tease or card (wool] TEBAY \ (Scand.) Bel. to Tebay (Westmd.), TEEBAYJi4th cent. Tybay, Tybey(e, 13th cent. Tibbeie, Tybbeye, Thebeye, Thyby, etc. [Earlier forms are desirable ; but as the township is " situated under Tebay Fell " the name is evid, Scand., and the second element rather O.N. bf-r, a farm, estate, than O.N. ey, island ; the first element doubtless being an abrasion of a pers. name, prob. one of the various O.N, Thio'S- ( = A.-Sax. Th^od-) names] TEBB, a pet form of Theobald, q.v. TEBBAT(T TEBBET(T TEBBIT(T TEBBOT(T tebbut(t; 1 = Tebb (q.v.) + the Fr. dim. suff. -flt, -et, -ot. 2 weak forms (cp. the ¥v.ThSbaut, Thiebaut) of Theobald, q.v. TEBBAT(T)S TEBBET(T)S TEBBIT(T)S TEBBOT(T)S TEBBUT(T)S; = Tebbat(t)'s, etc., (Son) : v. Tebbat(t, etc. TEBBS TEBBES I Tebb's (Son) : V. Tebb. TEBBY I = Tebb (q.v.) + theE. dim. suff. -y. 2 conf. with Tebay. TEDD (Eng.) a descendant of the first element of an A.-Sax. Theod- name (as Theodbald, Theodberht, Theodred, Theodric, etc.) [O.E. ^eSd, nation, people] The ibth-cent. Bishop of London, Theodred, was also called Tedred; and Tedric is a common Domesday form of Theodric. Nowadays 'Ted' is used as a pet form of 'Edward'. TEDDER (Eng.) for the A.-Sax. Theodhere = National Army [O.E. ^edd, nation, people + here, army] TEDDINGTON (Eng.) Bel. to i Teddington (Wore), A.D. 969 Teottingc[_a]tun, a.d. 780 ' Teotting[a]tun — the Estate of the Teotta Family [Teotta is app. a pet form of an A.-Sax. Theod- name (y. Te^d) -I- -inga, genit. pi. of the fil. suff. -ing + iuK, estate, etc.] 2 Teddington (M'sex), anc. Todynton [the etymol. is prob. the same as i] TEDMAN for Tedmond, q.v. TEDMONDHEng.) i for the A.-Sax. Theod- TEDMUNDJ »i««i= National Protector [O.E. \edd, nation, people -|- mund, hand, protector] 2 for (Bury) St. Edmund (with the -/ of 'St.' attracted to the pers. name) : v. Edmund. Godfrey 4e St. Edmund. — Hmd. Rolls (Norf.). Tee im Templeton I var. of Tedd, q.v. TEE I for Tighe : v. Mao TIghe. 2 poss. also representing the initial of some T name : we may compare Teebee, near Washington, U.S.A., which name, it is beUeved, represents the initials of Thomas Blandford, an early proprietor. TEEBAY, V. Tebay. TEECE for Tees. q.v. TEED TEEDE TEER, a contr. of Mac Teer, a form of Mao Intyre, q.v. TEES \(Celt.) Dweller by the R. Tees, TEESE Jform.TVw, Teys [There is little doubt that this is a bi-elemental name, that the first element corresponds to the Scot, river-name Tay (occurring in the 12th cent, as Tey), representing the GaeL tdmh = Ir. tdmh (aspirated form of O.Ir. tdm), pron. practically like the cogn. Wei. taw, quiet, sluggish, placid ; and that the rem- nant (-s)ofthe second element represents the Old Celtic word for water seen in Mod. Gael, and Ir. uisge (O.Ir. u{i)sce) = Wei. wysg] Where Teis first from my bounds rich Dunelme TOurham] doth divide. — Urayton, Polyolbion, xxviii. 314. Cp. Surtees. TEESDALE (Celt, -t- Teut;) Dweller in the Valley of the Tees [v. Tees, and + O.K. dtel = O.N. dal-r, valley] TEGG (Teut.) a var. of Tagg, q.v. A lamb becomes a teg about the first Michaelmas after its birth. — Leic. Gloss., p. 270. (Celt.) Fair, Handsome [Wei. tSg] TEGG IN = Tegg (q.v.) + the dim. suff. -in. TEIR, a contr. of Mac Teir or Mac Tier, a form of Mac Intyre, q.v. TELFER TELFOR TELFOUR V. Talfer, Talfor. TELFORD for Telfor. The real name of Telford the engineer was Telfor. TELLER \ (A. - Fr. - Lat.) Cloth - Maker, TELLIER r Weaver [O.Fr. tellier, Ulier (mod. Fr. toilier), a weaver; f. telle, Lat. tela, cloth] Johannes Teller. — Yorks Poll-Tax, A.D. 1379. Encore aujourd'hui Ton donne, en patois picard, le nom de telliers aux fabri- cants de toiles. — Moisy, Noms de Fam. Norm., p. 426. tW^Tt] = Tillett, q.v. TELLING (Eng.) the A.-Sax. Taling= Tjel's Son [O.E. ge)tal, swift ; with the fil. suff. -ingi TELLWRIGHT (Eng.) Tent-Maker [O.E. teld wyrhta — teld, a tent + wyrhta, a Wright, maker] There may have been some confusion with Tiiewright. TEMPANYI „ Tim«<.«« TEMPENYJ v-Timpany. TEMPERLEYl _ -r:„„^„,^„ „„ TEMPERLY ) = Timperley, q.v. TEMPEST, the Fr.-Lat. equiv. of E. Storm. Isabella Tempest. — Yorks Poll-Tax, A.!). 1379. TEMPLE (A.-Lat. and A.-Fr.-Lat.) Dweller in or by a Religious House, esp. a Precep- tory of the Knights Templars [O.E. temp{e)l ; Lat. templ-um, whence also Fr. temple] For example, at Temple Bruer, Lines, " are the ruins of a Knights Templars' preceptory, founded before 1185"; Temple Newsham, W. Yorks, "was a Knights Templars' preceptory"; the Manor of Temple Sowerby, Westmd., "was given by the Viponts to the Knights Templars"; the Knights Templars poss- essed Temple Bryan, co. Cork, in the 14th cent. Les localit€s qui portent le nom de le Temple spnt d'anciennes prgceptoreries dependant de I'ordre du Temple. — Cocheris, Noms de Lieu, p. 165. A gentil maunciple [purveyor] was ther of a tewj^fe.— Chaucer, Prol. Cant.Tales,s67. (Celt.-Lat.) Dweller by a Church [Ir. and Gael, teampull; Lat. templ-um, a temple] TEMPLEMAN (A.-Lat. + E.)=Temple(q.v.) -I- E. man. Ambrose le Templeman. — Hund. Rolls. TEM PLER 1 (A.-Lat.) Templar [M.E. tempter, TEMPLAR/ L.Lat. templarius: v. under Temple] 'Wm&mTevap\e:T.— Hund. Rolls. TEMPLETON (A.-Lat. -f- E.) Bel. to Temple- ton =x= the Temple-Town [v. under Temple, and + M.E. -ton, tun, O.E. tUn, estate, village, etc.J Tench 213 Tester The manor of Tenjpleton, Devon, formerly belonged to the Knights Templars. TENCH (A.-Fr.-Lat.) a nickname from the "fat and sleek" fish so called [M.E. O.Fr. tenche (Fr. tanche), Lat. tinea, a tench] We should naturally expect a fish nick- name to arise in a maritime county: hence we find a 'John Tenche' in the Line. Hundred-Rolls. TENISON, V. Tennison, Dennison. TENNANT 1 (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Tenant, Farmer TENNENT J [f. Fr. tenant, holding, pres. part. , of tenir, Lat. tenere, to holdj TENNER for Tanner. TENNESONl unvoiced forms of Dennison, TENNISON ; q.v. TENNEY, an unvoiced form of Denney, q.v. TEN N I EL is prob. to be referred to the French (Cher) village - name Theniou (form. Theniot), a dim. f. a dial. var. of chine, ' oak-tree '. TENNISWOOD. Bel. to Tenniswood, app. Yorks and for 'Dennis's Wood'. TEN NY, an unvoiced form of Denny, q.v. TENNYSON, an unvoiced form of Dennison, q.v. TENPENNY for TImpany, q.v. TENTER (A.-Fr.-Lat.) i Minder, Watch- man, Herdsman [an aphzeresized form of 'attender'; f. Fr. attendre, to wait — Lat. attendere, to stretch to] Tenters : watchers of cattle or sheep on the moors. — Lonsdale Gloss., p. 85. 2 Dyer [for M.E. teynturer, etc., Fr. teinturier, f. Lat. tinctura, a dyeing] Both Teynturer and the Lat. Tinctor occur as trade-names in the Hundred- Rolls. TEPPER for Tipper, q.v. TEPPETT, an unvoiced form of Tebbett, q.v. TERENCE (Ir.-and Fr.-Lat.) the Lat. Teren- tius [prob. f. Terentum, the place in the Campus Martins where the secular sports were held] The Irish sometimes use Terence for their native Tiirlough {Toirdhealbhach). TERLING (Eng.) Bel. to Terling (Essex), the A.-Sax. Terlingas = (the Estate of) the Terl- Family [the pers. name is app. a form of O.E. \earl, stern, strict -H -ingas, pi. {-infftm, dat. pi.) of the fil, suff. -ins\ TERRATT1 (A.-Fr.-Teut.) double dims, ot TERRETT J Theodonio, q.v. [Fr. dim. sufif. -at, -et\ The present-day French forms are Terrat, Terret. Terriet, Thiret, Iherret, Therriet, Thiriot, Thieriet, Thierrat, Thierret, Thierriot, etc. Cp. Terry. TERRELL 1 TERRILL J V. Tirrell. TERREY \ (A.-Fr.-Teut.) contr. of Theodoric, TERRY 1 q-v- Terry.— Hund. Rolls. Geoffery Terri. — do. Wo was Hawkyn, wo was Kerry ! Wo was Tomkyn, wo was Terry I — 'The Turnament of Tottenham", 222-3 : Percy's Reliques. The present-day French forms are ThSry, Thidry, Thierry. A form, Terrick, preserving the orig. guttural, remained in Cheshire (and prob. elsewhere) in the late-i7th cent.; and a I3th-cent. Latinization was Terricus. (Ir.-Lat.) a dim. of Terence, q.v. TERRISS, Terry's (Son) : v. Terry [the formation corresponds to Harriss (Harry's] TESMOND(Eng.) the M.E. r«»itfMrf postu- lates an A.-Sax. *Teosmund, 'Protector from Evil' [O.E. teoso, injury, fraud, evil, etc. -I- mund, protector] The first element in this name is doubt- less that seen in the loth-cent. Ties- berd ("dux"), 'Cart. Sax', no. 689; -iVt interchanging with -eo-. TESSEYMAN 1 the i4th-cent. Tacyman = TESSYMAN J Tacy's or Tacey's Man (-Servant) [v. Taoey, and -t- E. man^ TESTARD (A.-Fr.-Lat. -h Teut.) a nickname = Great Head (cp. Greathead) [O.Fr. teste (Fr. tite), a head ; Lat. testa, a pot, skull + the Fr. intens. suff. -ard, Teut. hard, hard] Robert Testard.— ffawrf. Rolls. Testard is a fairly common name in France; but the mod. form Tetard (cp. Fr. tStard, bull-head, tadpole) is more frequent. TESTER I (A.-Fr.-Lat.) 1 Assaykr [f. (with TESTARJ the agent, suff. -er) M.E. O.Fr. teste, a testing-pot, refining-pot; Lat. testa, apotj » for Testardi q.v, Tetbury 214 Thames TETBURY(Eng.) Bel. to Tetbury (Glouc), the A. -Sax. Tettanburg=TTsnn:A'sSTRONG- HOLD [the pers. name Tetta, genit. Tettan, is conn, with O.E. tdstan, to caress, and therefore with O.E. tdt- (=. O.N. teit-r), merry] TETLEY (Eng.) i Bel. to Tetley [for the first element see under Tetbury; and + M.E. ley, O.E. ledh, a meadow] This name may, however, also be due to an early filial form, as a Tettincgledh for Tettingaledh \_-inga, genit. pi. of the 'son' suff. -ing'\ occurs in a loth-cent. Kentish Charter: 'Cart. Sax', no. iioi. 2 for Tetlow, q.v. TETLOW ) (Eng.) Bel. to Tetlow (Lancs)> TETLAW J 16th cent. Tetlow, isth cent- Tetlowe, 14th cent. Tettelowe, Tettelawe [for the first element see under Tetbury; and + O.E. hl(kw, a hill, tumulus] TEVERSALL (Eng.) Bel. to Teversall (Notts), 15th cent. Tyvershalt, 13th cent. Teversalt, Domesday Tevreshalt [the second element represents O.E. holt, a wood : the first elem., evid. a pers. name in the genitive, is prob. a corrupt form of A.-Sax. Theod- frith] TEVERSHAM (Eng.) Bel. to Teversham (Camb.), 13th cent Teveresham, Domesday Teversham [for the first element see under Teversall ; and+O.E. hdm, home, estate] TEW (Celt.) Fat, Plump [Wei. tew\ John le Tieu. — Chesh. Chmbrlns'. Accts., A.D. 1359-60. (Eng.) Bel. to Tew (Oxon), 13th cent. Tiwe, Domesday Tewa, Tewe, Teowe [the A.-Sax. pers. name TeSw^f, Tiiv(e, with a local sufi. lost: the A.-Sax. Tlw, Mars, also denoted the Runic T] Cp. Tewln. TEWER (Eng.) Skin-Dresser [M.E. fewer; f. M.E. tewan, tawen, to dress sicins; O.E, tdwian, to prepare] A tewer of skynnes. — Cathol. Anglic, A.D. 1483. TEWIN (Eng.) Bel. to TeWin (Herts), the Domesday Tewinge, loth cent. Tiwingas (dat. pi. Tiwingum) = (the Estate of the) Tiw(e Family [v. under Tew', and + the pi., -ingas, ot the fil. suff. -ing'\ TEWK(E)SBURY (Eng.) Bel. to Tewkesbury (Glouc), 13th cent. Teuksbury, Domesday Teodechesterie = T(h)eodec's Strong- hold [the pers. name is f. A.-Sax. \e6d, nation, people, with the dim. suff. -ec:— -f itarh, a fortified place] TEWSON, Tew's Son : v. Tew. THACKER (Eng.) Thatcher, Roofer [M.E. thackerie ; O.E. ^aca, ^cec = O.N. ^ak, a roof, thatch + the agent, suff. -«re] (Scand.) Dweller at the Thack or Thatch Corner (store - place) [O.N. ^ak, thatch -)- urd (Dan.-Norw. vraa), a corner] THACKERAY ^ THACKERY THACKARAY THACK RAH THACKRAY THACKWRAY/ Johannes de Thakwra. — Yorks Poll-Tax, A.D. 1379. THACKSTER(Eng.)(orig.) Female Thacker , or Thatcher [v. Thacker, but with the O.E. fem. agent, suff. -estre"] THADD/EUSl the Lat. forms of the Gr. THADDEUS J Thaddaios (Qa^Saioi), occurring in the A.-Saxon version of St. Mark (iii. 18) as Taddeus. Thaddeus is much used among the Poles; and the Polish hero of Balfe's famous opera 'The Bohemian Girl' is not letting the name readily be forgotten in this country. Thaddeus is also used in Ireland for the native Tadhg (v. MacTague), as shown, e.g., in Con- cannon's ' Mion-Chomhr^dh', p. 129. [" The most prob. etym. of ' Thaddaeus' seems to be that proposed by Dalman, who sees in it the Heb. abbrev. of a Gr. name beginning with Theo- (' God '), as in Theudas." — Hastings, Diet, Christ and Gasp., ii. (igo8) 726] TUAtNpl(E°g- and Scand.) Thane [M.E. THANE J '**^''' ^*'=-' °-^' ^ eg{e)n=OM. ^egH\ Eadulf cynges Tpegn on SflS Seaxum.— A.-Sax. Chrott., A.D. 897. The worthy Thane of Rosse . . . . . . that most disloyall traytor, The Thane of Cawdor. — Macbeth, I. ii. John le Theyn.— ffMHrf. RolU. Cp. Thayne. THAME, V. Tame. THAMES (Celt.) Dweller by the R. Thames, the A.-Sax. Temes, Tmmes, Tamis, Temis, etc. (" be-saSan Temese" in K. iElfred's Introd. to Gregory's 'Cura Past.'), the Lat. Tamesa and Tamesis [The first element is the O.Celt, tdin- (seen in Ir. and Gael. tamh, Early Jr. tdm = Mod. Wei. taw), still, placid, sluggish : the second elem. is a relic of an O.Celt, word for water seen in O.Ir. u(i)sce, Mod. Ir. and Gael, uisge = Mod. Wei, wysg, water, a stream; cp, Eadalej Thanet 215 Thew ". . . flumen dividit quod appellatur Tamesis."—De Bella Gall., V. xi. Tak two stronge men, And in Themese cast hem. — Piers Plowman, 7743-4. Fair Isis . . . (the Mother of great Tames). — Drayton, Poly-Olbion, xiv. 281. Cp. Tame ; and see the quot. under Surrey. THANET (Celt.) Bel. to Thanet (Kent), the A.-Sax. Tenet, Tenaet, Tcenet, Tanet, etc., Lat. Tanat-us [prob. O.Ir. td(t)ndit, a watery place] TH ARM \ app. contr. of Strongitharm, q.v. THARME J (Hardly for O.E. }^{f)arm, an entrail 1) THARP = Thopp, q.v. THATCHER, th6 palatal form of Thacker, q.v. When thatchers thinke, their virages worth their worke. — G. Gascoigne, Steele Glas (A.D. 1376). THAXTER, V. Thackster. THAYER (A.-Fr.-Teut.)represents an O.Frank, cognate, 'Ihiadher (A.D. ,799), of A.-Sax. rAeorfAere= National A.Kyci\thiad- = O.E. l>e:dtJ=Goth. J)i«da= O.H.Ger. diot(a, thiat(a, nation, people] William Thede.— ^««rf. Rolls, Cpl Tee«l(e and Tedd. THELEN (Ger.) : v. the Appendix of Foreign Names. THELWALL \ (Eng.) Bel. toThelwall (Chesh.), THELWELL j 13th cent. rA^fea»e/= the Plank- Well [O.E. Yel, a plank -^a)(i>Ha, a well] 'Wall' is a Chesh. form of 'well.' THEOBALD (Teut.) People-Bold [O.Teut. Theod{p)bald, Thiodbald, Theotbald, etc.: V. under Theed, and + O.E. Me)ald = O.Sax. (and O.H.Ger.) hald = O.N. ball-r (for earlier 6a/8-r) = Goth. balS-s, bold] A Theodbald was brother of .ffithelfrith, ' king of Northumbria, ob. A.D. 617. Theobald was the usual ?3th-cent. form. The Fr.-Teut. forms are : Thibault, Th^aut, Thiebault, Thi^aut, ThUbaud, Thibaud, Thibault, Thibaut, etc. Cp. Tibbald. THEOBALDS, Theobald's (Son). THEODORE (A,-Fr.-Lat-.Gr.) Divine Gift [Lat. Theodorus, Gr. ee63upos -Oeds, God -f- a der. of Supeiv, to give] THEODORIC (Teut.) People or Mighty Ruler [O.Teut. Theod(o)ric, Thiodric, Thiudrik, etc. : v. under Theed, and 4- O.Teut. rlk; as in O.E. rlca = Goth. reik-s, ruler] A Theodric was a sixth-cent, king of Northumbria. TheSdrlc we61d Froncum ' {Theodric ruled the Franks). — Widsm {The Traveller), 1. 49. THESAURER\(A.-Lat.-Gr.) Treasurer [f. THESORER J (with E. agent, suff. -er) Lat. thesaur-us, Gr. er/xa-vp-ii a treasury] "... the superplus to be deliverit to Alexander Park, or the uther thesaurertox the tyme."— Burgh Reeds, Edinb., A.D. 1560. THETFORD (Eng.) Bel. to Thetford (Norf.), the A.-Sax. Theodford ('set Theodfordd — dat. : A.-Sax. Chron., A.D. 870) = the People's, or Chief, Ford [O.E. ferfi, people, nation ; (adjectivfely) great, chief (as \eSdvieg, highway) +fordf] The small riverside places of the same name in Carab. and Line, no doubt have the same origin. THEW (EngO Servant, Bondsman, Slave [M.E. theow, O.E. ferfw, T^e&tva} "... and yi ^edwan drincaS medo" ( , . . and the thews drink mead).— OhUKrecmdWWstan(^.mix^)' 2l6 Thewless Thome THEWLESS \ (Eng.) Immoral, Virtueless THEWLIS J lO.E. yedwleds] Thomas Thewelesse. — Yorks Poll-Tax, A.D. 1379. THEXTON for Theckston, q.v. THICK (Eng.) i Thick-Set, Stout [M.E. thikke, thicke, O.E. )>«c«] William le Thikke. — Soms. Subs. Soil, A.D. 1327. 2 Dweller at a Thicket [M.E. thicke, a thicket: ,cp. O.E. Yiccet and Dial. Dan. tykke, a thicket] From his tall steed, he rusht into the thick. — The Faerie Queene, II. i. xxxix. THICKBROOM (Eng.) Dweller by or among the Thick Broom [O.E. yicce + brdm, the broom-plant] THICKLE (Eng.) Fat [O.E. ^iccol] THICKNESS \ (Eng.) Dweller at a Thicket THICKNESSEJ [O.E. ^icnes, thickness, thicket] THICKPENNY (Eng^) a nickname from a trade-sign [O.E. ^icce +penig, a penny] THIMBLEBY (Scand.) Bel. to Thimbleby (Line: 13th cent. Thumbleby; Yorks: Domesday 7'«OTJW6i)=THeMBEL's Estate [the pers. name is a nickname f. O.N. Yomb, paunch (we find l>ambar-skeifir, pauncn-shaker, as a nickname): hO.N. 6ji-r, farmstead,' estate, etc.] THINGWALLI (Scand.) Bel. to Thingwall THINGWELL; (Lane. : 12th cent. Tingwella ; Chesh. : Domesday Tinguelle) = the Parliament-Field (of the Scandinavians) [O.N. ^ing, pariiament + uoll-r, dat. uelli, field] THIRGOOD, V. Thupgood. THIRKELI. THIRKLE THIRKETTLEJ THIRLWALL THIRLWELL / (Northumb.),i3thcent.rAMr/e- iua//=the Pierced or Broken Wall [O.E. I)jir/,aperture, hole, gap, (adj.) pierced -I- w{e)all] Thirlwall is situated "under the great Roman Wall." The name was Latinized Murus Perforatus. THIRLWAY ■[(Eng.) Dweller at the Gap- THIRLAWAY f Way [v. under Thirlwall, and -1- 0.'&.weg\ As this is a Northeastern surname, the relation is app. to an opening in the Roman Wall between Tyne and Solway. V. Thurkell, Thurkettle. \ (Eng.) Bel. to Thirlwall THIRN 1 (Eng. and Scand.) Bel. toThirn(e; THIRNEJor Dweller at the TnoRN-Tree _ [O.E. \yme = O.N. \ymi\ THIRSK (Scand.) Bel. to Thirsk (Yorks), 14th cent. Thresk, 13th cent. Tresis, Domesday Tresch, Tresche (ck as k) = the Marsh or Fen [Scand. trdsk] THIRST, a corrupt forni' of Thipsk, q.v. THIRSTON, V. Thurston. THIRTICLE, a corrupt form of Thurkettle, q.v. THIRTLE for Thurkell, Thurkettle, q.v. The Yorks place-name Thirtleby was Torchilebi (ch as k) in Domesday-Book. THISELTON, v. Thistleton. THISTLETHWAITE (Scand.) Dweller at the Thistle-Clearing [O.N. distill -f- ^ueii\ THISTLETON (Eng.) Bel. to Thistleton (Rutl. : 13th cent. Thistelton, Domesday Tisterton, for Tistelton ; Lane. : 13th cent. Thistilton, Thistelton) = the Thistle- Enclosure [O.E. JjMte/ (=0.N.})irf«7/) -f- tAti\ THISTLEWOOD (Eng.) Dweller at the Thistle- Wood [O.E. J>wte/ -(- vmdu\ THOM, a dim. of Thomas, q.v. Robert fil. Thome.— Hund. Rolls. THOMAS (A.-Fr.-Lat.-Gr.-Heb.) Twin [Lat. Thomas, Gr. Thomas {Qaims) ', Heb. Tomi\ Witodllce Thomas, 4n of J>am twelfum, l>e is gecweden Z)idimus [Gr. SlSv/ios, twin] . . . — St. John, XX. 24. (A.-Sax. version). Walter Thomas.— ff««om -\- beam, a grove] THORNBER(R)Y THORNBOROUGH THORNBORROW THORNBROUGH (Eng.) I Dweller at the Thorn-Hili, [O.E. ^orn + beorh, a hill] 2 conf. with Thopnbup^, g.y, THORNBURY (Eng.) Bel. to T-hornbury (G1ouc.:a.d.896 Thornburh, 't6 Thombyrig,' dat.; Heref. : 'aet Thornbyrig', dat.— 'Wulfgeates Cwide' [Will] ; Devon, etc.) = the Thorn-Stronghold [O.E. )>«-« + burh, a fortified place] The Herefordsh. parish includes "Wall Hill treble-ditched camp." THORNBY (Scand.) Bel. to Thornby; or Dweller at the THORN-Tree Farmstead i;O.N. J-fffw -h b$-r\ Thorncroft 218 Thrale (Eng.) Bel. to Thornley; or Dvveller at the Thorn-Lea [O.E. l>or» + leak (M.E. ley, lay]' THORNCROFT (Eng.) Dweller at the Thorn- Croft [O.E. ^orn + croft, a small field] THORNDIKE 1 (Eng.) Dweller at the Thorn- THORN dyke; Dike [O.E. ^em + die] THORNELEY\ THORNELY THORNLAY THORNLEY THORNLY But the I3th-cent. forms of the Lane. Thornley, Thontedelegh and Thornedeley, show that the meaning here is Thorn- Head Lea [O.E. hedfod, head, high I ground, upper part] THORNELOE (Eng.) Dweller at the Thorn- Hill [O.E. ^om + hl(kw\ THORNES, pi., and genit., of Thorn(e, q.v. THORNEWILL \ (Eng.) Dweller at the THORN WILL J TnoRN-Tree Spring [O.E. ^om + w(J.)elld\ THORNEY (Eng.) Bel. to Thorney; or Dweller at i the Thorn-Island [O.E. )fortt + i(e)g\ 2 the Thorn-Enclosure [O.E. fom -l- haga\ Thorney, Camb., was the A.-Sax. \iont(g. Thorney (Island), Sussex, and Thorney (Island), Westminster, were bothTomeia in Latin deeds of the A.-Sax. period. Thorney, Notts, was Thornhawe and Thomehawe in the 13th cent. THORN EYGROFT THORNIORAFT THORNICROFT THORNYCROFT (Eng.) Dweller at the Thorny Croft [O.E. ^omig 4- croft, a small field] There are a Thorneycroft in Yorks and a Thornycroft (14th cent. Thomicroft) in Chesh. THORNHILL] (Eng.) BeL to Thornhill; or THORNILL t Dweller at the THORN-Tree THORN ELL J Hill [O.E. \orn + hyll] Thornhill, Yorks, the Domesday Tomil, was Thornyll and Thornhyll in the 14th cent, THORN I LEY (Eng.) Dweller at the Thorny Lea [O.E. Tfomig + leak (M.E. ley] TH0RNL(E)Y, v. Thor'nel(e)y. THORNS, pi., and genit., of Thorn, q.v. TH0RN(E)THWAITE (Scand.) Bel. to Thorn- thwaite ; or Dweller at the Thorn- Clearing [O.N. )fom + ]>ueit] One of the Cumbd. places was Thorn- ^wayi in the 13th cent. THORNTON (Eng. and Scand.) Bel. to Thorn- ton ; or Dweller at the Thorn - Tree Enclosure or Farmstead [O.E. O.N. Yorn + O.E. O.N. tun] Thornton, Dorset, occurs in a charter A.to. 958 as ' xt^omtAne' — dat. The various York. Thorntons appear in Domesday-Bk. as Torentun, Torentune, Tornetun, Torneton, Tomitun ; Lane. Domesday entries being Torenton, Toren- tun ; Chesh., Torintone. Forms in the Hundred-Rolls (a.d. 1274) are Thorneton, Thorntone. THOROGOOD THOROUGHGOOD THOROUGOOD THOROWGOOD (Eng.) a nickname = Very Good [O.E. ^rh, th(o)rough; in compds., very -)- gid, good : cp. O.E. Yurh-Mlig, very holy] (A.-Scand.) for Thurgood', Thupgate. THOROLD for Thorald, q.v. THOROTON (Eng.) Bel. to Thorotpn (Notts), 13th cent. Thurverton, Thorverton, Domes- / day Torvertune = Thorferth's Estate [the pers. name is a compound of Thor (V. Thop) and O.E./er(A)tS, mind, spirit : + O.E. tAn, farm, estate] THORP 1 (Eng. and Scand.) Bel. to Thorp, THORPE J Thorpe = the Farmstead, Ham- let, Village [O.E. and O.N. ^orp] yfa.nB.dsThorpe.—Hund. Rolls. The cok, that orloge [clock] is oithorpes lyte [little].— Chaucer, Parlement of Foules, 350. THORRINGTON (Eng.) Bel. to Thorrington (Essex), 13th cent. Thorington, A.-Sax. *Thoringa-tUn =the Estate of the Thor Family [v. underThop, and -I- -inga, genit. pi. of the fil. suff. -ing + tun, fawn, estate, etc.] THORSBY, v. Thoresby. THRALE (A. -Scand.) Thrall, Servant, Slave [M.E thral(e, O.N.E. J>rcB/=O.N. ^All] And sw4 hw4 swS welle in iow e^rist • oSSe foertSmest wosa biS Jie alra ]fr(kl otfSe esne. — St. Mark X. 44; O. Northumb. vers. (Rushworth Gospel). In Wycliffe's version of the above verse the Lat. servus and Gr. SoCXos have been rendered servaunt. My servant, which that is my thral by right.— Chaucer, Cant. Tales, C 183. Cp. Thew. Thrave 219 Thurgood THRAVE (A.-Scand.) One of a Company (prop, of Threshers: Halliwell) [O.N. J>re/t = O.E ge)]'rrced, thread -|- the agent, suff. -ere] THRELFALL (Scand.) Bel. to Threlfall (N. Lanes), 13th cent. Threlefel, Threlefal = the Thralls' Fell [O.N. ^rMl (genit. pi. ^Alla), a thrall, serf +fiall,fell, a hill (also dial., a moorj THRELKELD (Scand.) Bel. to Threlkeld (Cumb.), I3th-i4th cent. Threlkeld = the Thrall's or Thralls' Spring [v. under Threlfall, and -|- O.N. kelda, a spring] THRIMBY (Scand.) Bel. to Thrimby (Westmd.), 13th cent. Thirneby, Thumeby = the THORN-Tree Farm [O.N. ]?ymi{-tr^, + bf-r, farm, etc.] THRING (Eng.) Bel. to Tring (Herts), 13th cent. Thring, Domesday Treunge [the name app. represents the genit. pi., Thyringa-, or the dat. pi. Thyringum, of the A.-Sax. family-nameT'Aj'WH^a.s (-iHgas, pi. of the ' son' sun. -ing), seen in 'WfdsiS,' 1. 62 : W6d [we61d = ruled] Thyringuni\ THRIPP, a metath. var. of Thorp, q.v. [O.E. Jfrep iox\orp] THR1ST (Eng.) Bold, Brave [O.E. J>r/rf] THROCKMORTON (Eng.) Bel. to Throck- morton (Wore), 13th cent. Trokemartuite, Trokemertutt, c. i2ooTrochemerton [the first two elements prob. represent an A.-Sax. pers. name Thracmier {DragmtEr is recor- ded), f. Yracu, force, energy, violence, and mdre, famous (for the vowel-change cp. ' mon ' for ' man ') :-^ + <«», farm, estate, etc.] Throgmorton Street, London, owes its name indirectly to the Wore, place. THR00P1 THROPP t metath. forms of Thorp, q.v. THROUPj Adam de la Throppe,— H««rf. Rolls. There stood a throop, of site delitable, In which that poure folk of that village Hadden hir [their] beestes and hir herbergp.ge [abode];— Chaucer, Cant. Tales, E 199-201. There are a tything called Throop in Hants, a hamlet Throope in Wilts, and Throop in Soms. THROSBY, a metath. form of Thorsby, Thoresby, q.v. THROSSELL) (Eng.) a nickname from the THROSTLE J THROSTLE [O.E. jirosiOle] THROWER (Eng.) Thread - Thrower (in textile-manuf.) ; Potter ; Turner [f. O.E. ^rdwan, to twist, turn, throw] The turner's lathe and the potter's wheel are still called a ' throw'. Hardly O.E. ^owere, ' martyr'. THRUPP for Thropp, Thorp, q.v. THRuItlE^ } ^"^ Throasell.Throstle, q.v. Sire Thopas fil in love-longynge, Al whan he herde the thrustel synge. — Chaucer, Cant- Tales, B 1962-3. THURBURNi v. Thorburn. THURGALAND 1 (Eng.) Bel. to Thurgoland THURGOLAND / (Yorks), the DomesdayTar- gesland = Thurgisl's Land [v. under Thurgis(8, and + O.E. land] THURGALLforThurkell, q.v. THURGAR 1 (Eng.) Thur-Spear [A.-Sax. THURGUR J Thurgar (=0.1i.Thorgeirr):ThAr .= ThSr (v. Thor) 4- gdr,a. spear] THURGARTON (Eng.) Bel. to Thufgarton (Notts : 13th cent. Thurgarton, Domesday Turgarstune; Norf.)=THURGAR's Estate [v. Thurgar, and-j-O.E. tun, farm, estate] THURGATE (A.-Scand.) an Anglicized form of the O.N. Thorgaut-r [v. under Thor, and + Gaut-r, the ethnic name] A Thurgot was an early-i2th-cent. bishop of St. Andrews. THURGIS(S (Eng. and Scand.) for the A.-Sax. Thurgisl, 0.li.Thorgisl=TaoR's Hostage [v. under Thor, and -f- O.E. O.N. glsl, a hostage] The mod. Norweg. form of the name is the metathetic TorgilSi THURGOOD (A.-Scarid.) like Thurgate for the O.N. Thorgaut-r. (Eng.) for Thoro(ugh)good, q.v. The Domesday forms were Turgod and Turgoti Hundred-Rolls, Thurgod, Thurkell 220 Thwaits THURKELL 1 Thurkell and Thurkill were THURKILL } A.-Sax. forms of the O.N. T H U R KLE Thorkell, a contr. of Thorketill : V. Thurkettle. THURKETTLE.themod. form of the A.-Scand. Thurcytel, O.N. Thorketill=THOK's (Sacri- ficial) Cauldron [v. under Thop, and + O.N. ketill\ Thus the incident of a jarl named Thorketill asking King Eadweard (K. Alfred's son) to be his lord is narrated in the A.-Saxon Chronicle under the year 918 in the words: "Thurcytel eorl hine ge-sohte him t6 hl^forde." THURLBY(Scand.) Bel. to Thurlby (Lines: 13th cent. Thurleby), Thoralby (Yorks: Domesday Turalzbi) = Thor(u)ald's Farmstead [v. Thorald, and + O.N. bf-r, farm, estate] THURLEIGH \ (Eng.) Bel. to Thurleigh (Beds: THURLEY ; Domesday La £s^a), Thurley (Kent: A.D. 1316-17 ThurUy) = Thur's Lea [v. under Thor, and -|- O.E. ledK\ THURLOW (Eng.) Bel. to Thurlow (Suff. : I3th-i4th cent. Thrillow(e, Threlowe ; for the metathesis cp. ' throp ' for ' thorp ') = Thur's Hill or Tumulus [v. under Thor, and + O.E. hlAw] THURMAN for Thurmond, q.v. THURWIOD 1 (Eng. and Scand.)THOR. Mood THURMOOD;[A.-Sax. Thurmod=0.^. Thor- mo'S-r: v. under Then, and -|- O.E. mdd = O.N. mdS-r, wrath, courage (mdod] Alan Thurmod. — Hund. Rolls. There has been confusion with Thur- mond. THURMOND! (Eng. and Scand.) Thor's THURMUND J PROTECTION [A. - Sax. Thur- mund = O.N. Thormund : v. under Thop, and + O.E. O.N. mutid, hand, protection] Walter Thurmond.— £r««rf. Rolls. "[(Eng.) Bel. to Thurnhara I /Jl ■ THURNAM THURNHAM /(Lane's), 13th cent. Thimum, Thymum, Domesday Tiernum = At the Thorns [O.E. ^yrnum, dat. pi. oi}fyme, a thorn-tree] The -h- in this name does riot seem to occur until nearly the end of the i6th cent. THURNSCOE (Scand). Bel. to- Thurnscoe i Yorks) ; or Dweller at the Thorn- Wood O.N. \ymi-r, a thorn-tree4-sft<^-r, a wood] THURSBY (Scand.) Bel. to Thursby (Cumb.), 13th cent. Thoresby, 12th cent. Toresbi = Thor's Farm or Estate [v. Thor, and -t- O.N. Jji-r, farmstead, etc.] Cp. Thopsby, Thoresby. THURSFIELD (Eng.) Bel. to Thursfield (Staffs), the Domesday Turvoldesfeld = Thurwald's Field or Plain [the pers. name (in the genit.) is a compound of Thur (v. Thor) and O.E. w(e)ald, might, power : 1- O.E. f eld, a field, plain] THURSTAN (Eng. and Scand.) the A.-Sax. Thurstan, O.N. Thorstein{n = Thur's or Thor's Stone [v. under Thor, and -f- O.E. stdn = O.N. steinn] Wi[g]stan Thurstanes sunu. — The Battle of Maldon (A.D. 993), 297-8. Thurstan-us Dispencer. — Charter-Rolls, A.D. 1228-9. Thurstan de Torp. — Hand. Rolls, A.D. 1274. The second element in this pers. name prob. denoted primitively a stone monu- ment or image worshipped in the name of Thor. THURSTON (Eng.) Bel. to Thurston (Suff.) and Thur(s)ton (Norf.), 13th cent. Thurs- ton = Thur's Estate [v. under Thor, and -I- O.E. tun, farm, manor, etc.] William de Thurston (Norf.).— Hund. Rolls, A.D. 1274. Ric'us de Thurston (Norf.).— Charter-Rolls, A.D. 1303-4. Confused with Thurstan, q.v. THURTELLl dentalized forms of Thurkell, THURTLE /Thurkle, q.v. THURWARD(Eng. and ScandJ Thor-Guar- TiiAH[A.-S«ii.Thurweard=OJH.Thonidt^-r^ In an iith-cent. will (' Dipl. Angl.', p. S91) wefindtheformrAarwerrf. Thoreward is the form in the I3th-cent. Hundred- Rolls. Toruard is the mod. Norw. name . THURWOOD for Thurward. THWAITE (ScandO Bel. to Thwaite = the Clearing [O.N. i>ueit, a clearing; prt. sing. of *\>uita (= O.E. Ywitan), to cut] Thwaite, Norf., was Tkweit a.d. 1292. THWAITES1„, A : c^. THWAITS / P •' °" genu., of Thwaite. Thomas de Thwaytes.— Ca/. Inq. P.M- Thwaites is the name of a Cumberland chapelry, Thwellin 9ftl Tickenhurst THWELLIN for Uewellyn, q.v. Evan ap Thewelin.— Charter-Rolls, A.D. 1335. THYNNE (Eng.) Thin [M.E. thitine, thyntie, O.E. J^ynrie] Thomas Tbynae.—Hmd. Rolls. TIBB, like Tebb, a pet form of Theobald, q.v. We find Tibha and Tiba as early as the 8th cent. Gradually Tib came to be used as a pet form of Isabella, and even as a term for a common woman, as we see from the following : — Perkyn the potter into the press past, And sayd, Randol, the refe, a doghter thou hast, Tyb the derei— ' The Turnament of Tottenham ' : Percy's Reliques, . . . every Coystril that comes inqui- ring for his Tib. — Pericles, IV. vi. iSi, In Udall's ' Roister Doister' (e. 1550), Tib or Tyb and the dim. Tibet are used indifferently for the same female character. TIBBALD, a form of Theobald, q.v. TIBBALDS TIBBALS I Tibbald's (Son). TIBBAT(T TIBBET(T TIBBIT(T TIBBOT(T TIBBUT(Tj 1 = Tibb (q.v.) + the Fr. dim. suff. -at, -et, -ot. 2 weak forms (cp. the Fr.Thibaut, Thiebaut — -«- for -1-) of Theo- bald, q.v. Tibbat(t)'s, etc., (Son) : v.Tib- bat(t, etc. Cp. Tebbat(t, etc, TIBBAT(T)S TIBBET(T)S TIBBIT(T)S TIBB0T(T)S tibbut(t)s; TIBBELL, a weak form of Theobald, q.v. TIBBELLS, TiBBELL's (Son). TIBBENHAM (Eng.) Bel. to Tib(b)enham (Norf.), 13th cent. Tibenham, A.-Sax. *Tibanhdm = Tiba's Home or Estate \Tiban-, genit. of Tibah'. under Tibb) + O.E. ham, home, etc.] TIBBERT, a descendant of i the the A.-Sax. Tidberht [O.E. tid, season, festival, time + be{o)rht, bright, glorious] 2 the A.-Sax. Theodberht [O.E. ]>ec/.i?/'<.S«m/rW.(i909),p.73. TIFFANY "1 (A.-Fr.-Lat.-Gr.)DiviNE Showing TIFFEN [[Fr. Tiphaine, Theophanie, Lat.. TIFFIN } Theophania, Gt. eto^d «o — Geiis, God -t- a der. of ipalvav, to show] Cristina Typhayn. — Soms. Subs. Roll, A.D. 1327. This name seems to have been given to a child(of eithersex)bornon Epiphany Day (6th Jan.). TIGG, v. Tegg. TIGHE, a contr. of MacTlghe, q.v. TILBERT (Eng.) the A.-Sax. Tilbe(o)rht [O.E. til, good, liberal + he{o)rht, bright, illus- trious] TILBROOK (Eng.) Bel. to Tilbrook (Beds), 13th cent. Tilhroc, Domesday Tilebroc = Tila's Brook [Tila, genit. Tilan-, f. O.E. til, good, liberal -f- broc, a brook] TILBURY (Eng.) Bel. to Tilbury (Essex), 13th cent. Tillebyr', Tilbery, etc., A.-Sax. Tila- burg (Baeda, ' Hist. Eccl.' iii. 22) = Tila's Stronghold [y. under Tilbrook, and -t- O.E. burg, a fortified place] TILDEN (Eng.) Bel. to Tilden (app. Kent), 13th cent. Tildenne = Tila's Valley [v. under Tilbrook, and -(- O.E. denu, dat. dene, a valley] Tildesley 223 Tillotson TILDESLEY \ (Eng.) Bel. to Tyldesley TILDSLEY J (Lanes), 13th cent. Tyldesley, Tildesle [An unrecorded A.-Sax. pers. name (in the genit.) seems to be involved here, prob. *TiloV, i. til, good, with the dim. suff. -o«;— + O.E. ledh (M.E. ley, le, etc.), a lea, meadow] TILESTON, V. Tilaton. TILEWRIGHT (Eng.) Tile-Maker ; Potter [O.E. tigelwyrhta] In the A.-Sax. Version of S. Matthew, xxvii. 7, tigelwyrhta is used to translate the Gr. Kepa/ieis, a potter, TILFORD 1 (Eng.) Bel. to Tilford (Surrey) TILLFORD J [Early forms seem tp be lack- ing, but the first element is probi the pers. name seen in Tilbrook and Tilbury: the ford over the Wey has long been replaced by a bridge] TILL (Eng.) a descendant of one of the A.-Sax. Till- or Til- names, as Tilla, Tilli, Tila, Tile, Till, Tilbe{oyht, .TilfriS, etc. [f. O.E. til, good, liberal] Thomas fil. Tilla.— , Lane. Assize-Rolls, A.D. 1246. (A.-Fr.-Teut.) a pet form of Matilda : v. under Malkin. (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Bel. to Til or Thil (France); or Dweller at a Lime-Tree [Lat. tilia] The surname Du Thil in France has been largely replaced by the later Du Theil (Dutheit). TILLARD 1 (A.-Fr.-Teut.) the FrenchTillard, r\LLE/\RD j Tilhard, O.Frank. Tilhard -= Good (and) Brave [the O.Frank, cognate of O.E. til, good, liberal + hard, hard, brave] TILLCOCK= TilP,' (q.y.)-t-the pet suff. -cocit. TILLER I (Eng.) iHusbandman [f. O.E. tilia, TILLIER J land-cultivator, labourer; with later E. agent, suff. -er, or A.-Fr. -jer] The stalke, the greyne, and floures alle. That to the tilieris f6rdone[destroyed]: — Chaucer, Som. of the Rose, 4338-9. 2 Good' Army rA.-Sax. Tilhere — til, good, liberal -t- here, army] Tilhere was a famous 8th-eent. bishop of Worcester. The Mbd. Fr. tilleur, a 'stripper', 'hemp-scutcher", has prob. had no sur- nominal influence in this country. TILLET(T (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Dweller at a Lime- Tree Grove [Fr. Tillet, f. Lat. tiliet-um ■ — tilia, a linden- or Ume-tree, with the plantatioa-suff. -et-um] Marquis du Tillet.— Pam Direct. , The form of the place-name in the Meuse; Vosges, etc., Departments is (le)Thillot. Cp. Tilly. (A.-Fr.-Teut.) if. the Cont.-Teut. cog- nate of O.E. til, 'good' (v. under TilP)i with the Fr. dim. suff. -et. 2 f . a pet form of Matilda (v. under Malkin), with the Fr, dim. suff. -et. V^fe] =TMiy,q.v. TILLING (Eng.) the A.-Sax. Tilling = Till- (v. Till') -1- the ' son' suff. -ing. TILLINGTON (Eng.) Bel. toTillington (Staffs: Domesday Tillintone ; Suss. ; Heref.), A.-Sax. *Til(l)inga-ttin = the Estate of THE Til(l)- Family [the pers. name is f. O.E. til, good -f- -inga, genit. pi. of the fil. suff. -ing + ttin, estate, etc.] But the Sussex place was Tullingtun in a Latin charter a.d. 960, pointing to a different origin. TILLI0L(L (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Dweller at a Lime- Tree [O.Fr. tiliol {Mod. Fr. tilleul), Lat. *tiliol-us, a dim. form of tilia, a lime-tree] Petr' TilWoW.— Charter-Rolls, tp. Ric. U. This name seems almost entirely to have merged into Tilly. TILLISON, TiLLiE's or Tilly's Son : v. Tilly >,". TILLMAN 1 (Eng.) i Plougijman, Husband- TILLMON J man [f. O.E. tilian, to till+»jaB(», »20n(n] 2 Good Man [A..Sax. Til{l)man, Til(t)- mon — til, good, liberal] Tilmott was the name of one of the English priests who accompanied the ill- fated Hewalds in their mission to the Continental Saxons a.d. 690, as related by Beeda, ' Hist. Eccl.', v. 10. TILLOCK (Eng.) Good rA.-Sax. Tilluc — til, ^ood, Mberal -I- the dim. suff. -uc] TILLOT(T (A.-Fr.-Teut.) the same name as Tillet(t (A.-Fr.-Teut.), q.v., but with the Fr. dim. suff. -ot instead of -et. Tillot is not now a very common French surname. (A.-Fr.-Lat.) for Tillet(t (A.-Fr.-Lat.), q.v. TILLOTSON, Tillot's Son. JohaHnes Tillotson.— Yorks Poll-Tax, A,D. 1379. Tills 224 Tinckler TILLS, TiLL's (Son) : v. Till. TILLSON, TiLL's Son : v. Till, In the Yorks PoU-Tax (a.d. 1379), this surname is found in the forms Tilleson, Tylleson, and Tyllson. TILLY (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Bel. to Tilly (France) = the Linden-Grove [Lat. tilietum — tilia, a linden- or lime-tree + the plantation- suff. -et-uni] There are several places in France called Tilly, two of them being in the Dept. of Calvados. A de Tilly occurs in the List of " Com- pagnons de Guillaume k la ConquSte de i'Angleterre en MLXVI " graven over the main doorway (inside) of the old church at Dives, Calvados. Philipa de Tylly alias Tilli.— Cn/. Geneal (Eng.) Good [f. the A.-Sax. name-stem n/(/- {til, good), with the E. dim. suff. -y] A riV/i occurs in the LiberVitae Dunelm. (A.-Fr.-Teut.) a double dim. oi Matilda : V. under Malkin. TILLYER = Tilliep, Tiller', q.v, TILMAN: V.Tillman. TILNEY (Eng.) Bel. to Tilney (Norf.), 13th cent. Tilney(e, A.-Sax. *Tilanig = Tila's Island or Waterside [Tilan-, genit. of Tila, f. O.E. til, good + i{e)g, island, etc.] TILSLEY for Tildesley, q.v. TILSON I V. Tillson. occ. 2 for Tllston, q.v. TILSTON (Eng.) Bel. to Tilston (Chesh.), 17th cent. Tilston, i6th cent. TyUton, A.-Sax. *Tilestiin = Tile's Farm or Estate [the pers. name (in the genit.) is f. O.E. til, good : 1- tun, estate, etc.] John Tylston. — Chstr. Freemen-Rolls, A.D. 1537-8. TlLTON(Eng.) Bel.toTilton (Leic.), 13th cent. Tylton, Domesday Tiletone = TiLA'S Farm or Estate [A.-Sax. Tila, genit. Tilan-, f. O.E. til, good + Itin, estate, etc.] TIMBRELL (A.-Fr.-Ldt.-Gr.) a nickname f. the Timbrel [a dim. f. M.E. O.Fr. timbre, a tambourine] TIMBS (with intrus. b) for Tim(m)8, q.v. TIMCOCK = Tim(m, q.v. -K the pet suff. -cock. TIMES = Tims, q.v. TIMEWELL (Eng.) The first element is hardly the herb-name 'thyme', and it is prob. for ' timber' [O.E. timber, timber, a building], the whole name denoting a timber-roofed well. TIMIN = Tim(m), q.v.+the Fr. dim. suff'. -in. Gilbert Timin.— ^««rf. Rolls. TIMINS, Timin's (Son). TIMLETT = Tim(m), q.v. -f the Fr. double dim. suf. -el-et. TIMLIN = Tim(m), q.v. + the Fr. double dim. suff'. -el-in. TIIV!(N1, a dim. of Timothy, q.v. TIMMIE = Timm (q.v.)-)-the E. dim. suff. -/e. TIMMIN = Timm (q.v.) -|- the Fr. dim. suff. -in. TIMMINS, Timmin's (Son). TIMIVIIS, Timmie's (Son) : v. Timmie. TIMMON I = Timm (q.v.) + the Fr. dim. suff. -on. (rarely) 2 for Timoii, Gr. Tlfuov {Acts, vi. 5.) [f. Gr. Ti/ios, Ti/iii, honour, reward] TIMMONS, Timmon's (Son). TIMMS, Timm's (Son) : v. Tim(m, Timothy. TIMOTHY (A.-Gr.) Honoured of God [Gr. tt/iieeos (Lat. Tinietheus),f.nfidu, I honour, revere -|- Beds, God : cp. the reverse for- mation Qe6-Ti.fi.os, honoured of God] TIMPANY (Celt.) Harper, Minstrel [Ir. tiompdnach, f. E.Ir. tiompan, ' a small stringed instrument' ; conn, with Lat. tympan-um, a. timbrel] Tl M PERLEY (Eng.) Bel.toTimperley {Chesh.), 14th cent. Tymperlegh,Tymperley [The first element is app. not for ' timber,' but for an A.-Sax. pers. name Timhere, whose existence may be inferred from the Tym- erington occurring in an ' Inq. ad quod Damn." for Yorks tp. Edw. II. :— -)- M.E. ley, legh, O.E. ledh, a lea, meadow] TIMPSON (with intrus. p) for Timson, q.v. TIMS, Tim's (Son) 1 „ -n^i.^ Ti,v,«th« TIMSON, Tim's Son) v.Tim(m, Timothy. TINCKER (Eng.) Tinker [M.E. tinkere, f. tinker, to tinkle ; of imit. orig.] TINCKLER = Tinkler, q.v. Tindal 225 Tirebuck TINDAL 1 TIN DALE (Celt. + Eng.) Bel. to Tindale, TINDALL \ 13-I4th cent. Tyndale, i.e. the TINDELL / (River) Tyne-Dale [O.E. daU TINDILL a dale, valley] TINDLE J TINGAY"! (Scand.) Dweller at the Parlia- TINGEYJ MENT-FiELD \0.^.\ing, assembly, parliament (Dan.-Norw. ting, court of justice) + hagi, a field] TINGHILLI (Eng.) Dweller at the Meeting TINGLE for Court Hill [O.E. ^ing, a meeting, court of justice + hyll] The interdental (Ih) sound has been lost through Scand. influence (see under TIngay) : we find a 'Ricardus Tynghill' in the Yorks Poll-Tax a.d. 1379, which name had becomeTjin^^/ by the 1 5th cent. (Celt. + Eng.) Tingle may sporadically be a gutturalized form of Tindal, q.v. TINING (Eng.) Dweller at an Enclosure (esp. a new enclosure) [Dial. E. titling, f. tine, O.E. tynan, to fence, enclose] Thomas atte Tynyng. — Soms. Subs. Roll, A.D. 1327. TINKLER (Eng.) a North, form of Tinker: V. Tlncker> [f. M.E. tinklen, to tinkle] My bonny lass, I work in brass, A tinkler is my station. — Burns, The Jolly Beggars, 212-13. Henry le Tirikeler. — Lane. Assize-Rolls, A.D. 1278. Rogerus Tynkler. — Yorks Poll-Tax, A.D. 1379. TINLING is prob. for the imit. ' ting-a-Hng', a nickname for a Tinker or Bellman. TINMOUTH : v. Tynemouth. V. Tennlswood. TINNISWOOD I TINNSWOOD J TINSLAY 1 (Eng.) Bel. to Tinsley (Yorks), TINSLEY \ 14th cent. Tyneslawe, Domesday TIN SLY J Tineslawe [O.E. hlAw, a hill, tu- mulus: the pers. name is evid. that seen in Tyneberht, the name of a gth-cent. bishop of Lichfield, which again is a var. of the fairly-common A.-Sax. pers. name Tun- beip)rht = World Bright or Glorious ; the first element being the O.E. tun, a farm, estate, but in the abstract denoting the world ; and the pers. element (in the genit.) in the Yorks place-name may be a shortened form of Tyneberht] TINSON for Timson, q.v. TIPKIN (16th cent. Typkyn) for TIbkin, q.v. TIPKINS, TiPKTN's(Son). TIPLADY, app. a nickname for a libertine. TIPLER (A.-Scand.) orig. Beer-Seller [cp. Norw. tipla, to tipple, freq. of tippa, ' to drip from a point or tip'] Tiple, v., to sell ale or beer. Tipler, the person who sold it. — Boston Records, i6th cent. ; T.Wright. No inn keeper, ale - house keeper, victualler, or tipler ... — Abshp. Grindal, Remains, p. 138. TIPPER (Eng.) Header, Pointer, Mounter (one who furnished articles with metal tips or mounts) [M.E. tipper{e, f. M.E. tip, a tip, with the agent, suff. -er{e ; Teut.] Henry le Tipper. — Hund. Rolls, A.D. 1274. Richard le Tippere. — Chesh. Chmbrlns'. Accts., A.D. 1303-4. !^!pp|^.._ I unvoiced forms of Tibbet(t, q.v. Tl PPET(T)S, unvoiced form of Tibbet(t)s,q.-v. TIPPIN I for Tibbin, q.v. 2 for Tipping, q.v. TIPPING (Eng.) Tippa 's Son [the A.-Sax. pers. name Tippa (' Dipl. Angl'., p. 395) -f the 'son' suff. -ing: the name is f. an O.Low Teut. word seen in E.Fris. and L.Ger. tippen, Swed. ti^pa, to tap, tip, strike gently] Ewan Typpynge. — Preston Guild-Rolls, A.D. 1542. There has been confusion with Tippin for Tibbin, q.v. TIPPINS, Tippin's (Son) : v. TIppln. TIPPITT for TIppett, TIbbett, q.v. TIPPLE for Tibbie, q.v. TIPPLER = Tipler, q.v. TIPTON (Eng.) Bel. to Tipton or Tibbington (Staff's), 13th cent. Tibinton, Domesday Tibintone, A.-Sax. *Tibinga-tiin = the Estate of the Tiba Family [tlie A.-Sax. pers. Tiba or Tibba is a pet contr. of a name whose first element is Tid- or Theod-, etc., with a second element beginn- ing with 6-, as -b{e)ald or -be(o)rht -|- -inga, genit. pi. of the fil. suff'. -ing + tun, farm, minor, etc.] There is also a small chapelry called Tipton in Devonshire. TIREBUCK, as it occurs in the neighbourhood of Tarbock (v. Tarbook), is no doubt a 226 Tirney Tiverton corrupt imitative form of that name ; but Tirebuck, the Liverpool novehst, used to say that the name was due to an ancestor who was so fleet a runner as to " tire the buck " I TIRNEY = Tierney, q.v. TIRRELL (A.-Fr.-Teut.), the 13th cent. Tirel, Tirell, Tyrel, Tyrell, weak forms of tlie Domesday Turold, Tnrald, O.N. Tlwr(u)ald-r (A.-.Sax. Thurw{e)ald) = Thor - Ruler [O.N. Thor-r + uald-r, ruler ; uald, power, might] Rad' TnsW— Charter-Rolls, A.D. 1203-4. Walter Tyre].— Hund.-Rolls, A.D. 1274. Edward Tirell et Thomas Tyrell. — Ing. ad g. Damn., temp. Hen. VI. The French surnames Tirel, later Tireau,Thirel, laterThireau, are considered by some French writers to be referable to Thierry : v. Terpy. TISBURY (Eng.) Bel. to Tisbury (Wilts), A.-Sax. Tysseburh, Tysanburh (dat., ' t6 Tysanbyrig) = Tysa's Stronghold [the A.-Sax. pers. name Tysa is prob. conn. with O.E. ge)t(kse, pleasant : f- bmh, a fortified place] TISDALE ] TISDALL \ = Teesdale, q.v. TISDELL TISSINGTON (Eng.) Bel. to Tissington (Derby), 13th cent. Tissinglon, Domesday Tizinctun, A. - Sax. *Tysinga-tun = the Estate of the Tysa Family [for the pers. name see under Tisbury, and -|- -inga, genit. pi. of the fil. suft. -ing + tiin, estate, farm, etc.] TITCHBORNE : v. Tlohborne. TITCHEN (Eng.) a nickname from the Km [O.E. ticcen, ticgen, a kid] TITCHENER] (Eng.) may be apocopated TITCHENORJ forms of 'Titchen-Herd', i.e. Kid-Herd [v. Titchen] ; but the analogy of Buller and Calver seems to show that the second element is really the agent, suff. -er ; and in any case the meaning is the same. Lower, 'Eng. Surn.', ii. 43, says: "A village in western Sussex bears the name Itchenor. In the same district resides a family surnamed Titchenor." This is perhaps worth mentioning. Lower's idea being that ' Titchenor ' " is probably a corruption of ' De Itchenor.' " If he had suggested that the T- of ' Titchenor' had been "attracted'' from the preposition 'at' it would have been more to the point ; but neither case is probable. TITCHFIELD : v. Tiohflelcl. TITCHMARSH (Eng.) Bel. to Titchmarsh (Nortliants), I3lh cent. Tichemersh{e = the Goat-Marsh [v. under TIchborne, and -t- O.E. mersc, a marsh] TITCHWELL(Eng.) Bel. to Titchwell (Norf.), A.u. 1199-1200 Tichewell = the Goat- Spring (spring used by goats) [v. under TIchborne, and -f O.E. w(i)ella, a spring, well] TITE, the French form of Titus, q.v. TITFORD (Etig.) Bel. to Tetford (Lines), 14th cent. Tetford [for the first (pers.) element see under Tetbury] TITHERINGTON (Eng.) Bel. to Tytheringtou (Chesh. : 13th - 14th cent. Tyderinton, Tyderington ; Glouc. : 12th cent. Tidring- ton, Domesdayrzirra/MBe; Wilts), A.-Sax. *Tidheringa-tun or *Theodheringa-tiin = i\ie Estate of the Tidhere or Theodhere Family [for the pers. name see under Tidder: 1- -inga, genit. pi. of the fil. suff. -ing -I- tiin, farm, estate, etc.] TITHERLEIGH (Eng.) Bel. to Titherleigh (Dorset), Tytherley (Hants) [O.E. ledh, a lea, meadow: for the first (pers.) element see under Titherington] TITLEY (Eng.) 1 Bel. to Titley (Heref.), the Domesday Titelege, A.-Sax. *Tita7t-ledh = Tita's Lea [Titan-, genit. of Tita -1- ledh, {., dat. ledge, a meadow] 2 for Tetley, q.v. TITLING (Scand.) a nickname from the SpARROvy [O.N. titling-r] TITLOW for Tetlow, q.v. TITMAN for TIdman : v. under TIddeman. TITMAS \ (Eng.) a nickname from the TiT- TITMUS MOUSE [M.E. tytmose, titmose — TITMUSS [tit, small (cp. O.N. titt-r, a tit) + TITTMUS j mose, O.E. mdse, a small bird] TITSWORTH (Eng.) Bel. to Tittesworth (Staffs), I3tli cent. Tettesworth, Tetesworth = Tet(t)'s Farm or Messuage [cp. Tetley, Tetbury ; and -|- O.E. W0r%] TITTERINGTON, v. Titherington. TITTERTON (Eng.) Bel. to Titterton or Tytherton (Wilts) [O.E. tiin, farm, estate: for the first (pers.) element see under Titherington] TITUS (Lat.) is prob. conn, with Lat. Titan, Gr. TiTiv, 'a giant'. TIVERTON (Eng.) Bel. to i Tiverton (Devon), anc. Twyfordton = the Double-Ford Town [O.E. twi-, two-, double -^ ford + tiin, enclosure, farm, town] Toal 227 Tollemache There are " two bridges over the Exe and Loman, at the points where these rivers were formerly forded". — Nat. Gaz. 2 Tiverton (Chesh.), a.d. iy}2-^Teverton [liere a pers. name is in question, prob. the fairly common A.-Sax. Tidfri'S : — + tiin, farm, etc.] TOAU = Toole, q.v. TOBBIAS 1 (Gr. - Heb.) Jehovah is Good TOBIAS I [Gr. Tw^fas, Heb. Tdbhiydh—tdbh, good ; Yak, a contr. of Y'h&vdh, the Lord] Ego Tobias presbyter rogatus testis subscripsi. — Kentish Charter, A.D. 699 ; Cart. Sax. no. 99 T°|f,^}v.Tohy. TOBIN, a double dim. of Tobias, q.v. TOBINS, Tobin's (Son) : v. Tobln. TOBIT(T (Gr.-Heb.) [Gr. Twj3fe)fT = Heb. Tdbhiydh : v. Tobias] TOBY, an Anglicized form of Tobias, q.v. "Who so hath rauche, spende manUche": So seith Tohye.— Piers Plowman, 5781-2. ... as seyde the aungel Raphael to Thobie. — Chaucer (Pcrsoiins Tale), I 905. TOD \ (Teut.) I a nickname from the Fox TODD J [M. and Dial. N.E. and Scot, torf, a fox, a bush (the fox was called a tod from his brush) : cp. O.N. toddi (Dan.-Norw. tot), a tuft = Dut. tod, todde, a rag = Ger. notte, a tuft] John le Tod. — Pari. Writs. This tod, to rest him, he passit to ane craig . . . Than [then] rorfLowrie lukit quhair he couth lour [hide]. — Henryson, Trial of the Fox. My helpless lambs I trust them wi' him ; Oh, bid him save their harmless lives Frae dogs, an' tods, an' butchers' knives ! Burns, Poor Mailie, 28-30. 2 Dweller at the Bush or Small Thicket [etym. as i] At length within an yvie todde. — Spenser, Shep. Cal. (March). TODHUNTER (Eng.) Fox-Hunter [v. Tod and Hunter] TODNAM 1 (Eng.) Bel. to Tod(d)enham TODMAN J (Glouc), the Domesday TVo&Aaw, A.-Sax. *Teodanhdm = Teoda's Home or Estate [Teodan-, genit. of Teoda (f. O.E. d, nation, people) -|- hdm, home, etc.] TOFIELD, app. (with intrus. -d) = Tufflll, q.v. TOFT (A.-Scand.) Bel. to Toft ; or Dweller at a Croft or Messuage [M.E. and Dial. E. toft ; O.E. toft, 'a piece of ground' ; f. O.N. topt (p as /), a homestead (Dan.-Norw. toft, a croft ; Swed. tomt, ground, place] A subsidiary meaning in Old Norse, "the walls or foundations of a former building", may be compared with the Kent. Dial, secondary signification, " a piece of ground on which a messuage formerly stood," and the N. Lane, "a field where a house or building once stood." "In a court-book of the manor of Der- wentwater, Gawan Wren was fined ten shillings about 1640 for having two fires on in one tofi at the same time." — Cumbd. Gloss., p. 104. In Piers Plowman (II. 27, 29) the word seems to denote an eminence — I seigh [saw] a tour on a toft . . . A deep dale bynethe. Cp. Taft. TOFTS, pi. (and genit.) of Toft. TOKE (A. - Scand.) the 13th cent. Take, Domesday Toka, Tochi, Tocha, etc., A.-Scand. Toca VToca I)anus, c. 1030, 'Liber Vitse' Hyde Abbey), Toce, O.N. Take, Toki, a pet contr. of the O.N. ThiffSgeir (mod. Norw, Tiodgeir, Tiogiei, etc.) = National Spear [O.N. ^iSS, nation, people -f- geir-r, a spear] TOKELIN = Toke (q.v.) + the Fr. double dim. suflf. -e)l-in. Richard Tokelyn. — Soms. Subs.-Roll, A.D. 1327. TOLEMAN = Tolman, q.v. TOLER = Toller, q.v. TOLFREE"! (Eng.) Toll- Free (free from TOLFREY J taxation) [M.E. and M. Scot, toll- fre, O.E. toll-frio, 'exempt from toll'] The uther mous that in the burgh can byde Wes gild-brother and maid ane fre burgess, Toll-fre als[o], but [without] custum mair or less. — Henryson, The Uplandis Mous, 10-12. TOLL (A.-Heb.) a dim. of Bartholomew, q.v. (Eng.) Dweller at a Toll - House ; meton. for Toller, q.v. [O.E. toll, toll, toll-house] TOLLADY, an assim. form of Toplady, q.v. TOLLEMACHE for Tallemache, q.v. A connexion with M.H.Ger. tolmetsche (Ger. dolmetsch). Hung, tolmdcs (of Turk, orig.), 'interpreter', is not likely. Toller 228 Tongue TOLLER (Eng.) Tax-collector [M.E. toller(e, O.K. tollere] Of ryche Pers, jie tollere. — Robt. of Brunne, Handlyng Synne, 5814. Loke Matheu was first toller. — Cursor Mundi, 25<8°4- Taillpurs and tynkeres, And tolleres in marketes. — Piers Plowman, 438-g. TOLLET(T "1 (A.-Fr.-Heb.) double dims, of TOLLIT(T I Bartholomew, q.v. TOLLEY 1 (A.-Heb.) double dims, of Bar- TOLLY I tholomew, q.v. (Scand.) Tollei and Tolli are mod. Norw. forms of the O.N. Thorleik-r = Thor's Sport or Contest [O.N. leik-r, sport, contest, etc.] TOLLMAN 1 (Eng.) Toll-Man, Tax-Col- TOLMAN \ LECTOR [M.E. O.E. toll, toll, tax TOLMON J + man] TOLMIE, a Scot.-Gael. form of the A.-Scaud. Holm(e, q.v. TOLMIN, 17th cent. Tolmin, Towlmyn, is prob. a Northern local name, in which case the second element is the O.N. minni, mynni, mouth (of a river, valley, etc.) : in Eng. usage applied to the meeting of either streams or roads), as in Stalmine, q.v, ; and the first element may be the O.N. pers. name Toll. But there has been some confusion with Tolman. TOLMING = Tolmin (q.v.) with excresc. -g. TOLNER (Eng.) Tax - Collector [O.E. tolnere'] TOLSON, Toll's Son : v. ToM. TOM, like Thorn, a dim. of Thomas, q.v. TOMALIN for Tomlin, q.v. TOMAN (Eng.) a syncopated form of Tolman, q.v. (Celt.) a nickname f. the Ir. toman, a 'bush,' a 'tuff. TOMBLESON, like Tombllnson, with intrus. b for Tomlinson, q.v. ^SZtll^lol^--^-""''!- TOMBLINSON for Tomlinson, q.v. TOMBS for Tom(e)8, q.v. TOMES = Toms, q.v. TOMEY, a double dim. of Thomas, q.v. TOMILTY, see the commoner form Tumilty. TOMKlll}f°'^T°'"'*'"^''l-^- TOM KIN = Tom (Thomas), q.v. + the E. (double)^dim. suff. -kin [O.LowTcut. -k-in] The 14th - cent. (Yorks) form was Thomkyn. See the quotation from 'The Turnament of Tottenham' under Terry. TOMKINS, ToMKiN's (Son) 1 „ t-„,„^. TOMKINSON, Tomkin's SonJ^- '"'"xin. TOMLEY, a metalhetic form of Tolmie, q.v. TOMLIN -Tom (Thomas), q.v. -f the double dim. suff. -e)l-in. The 14th - cent. English forms are Tomelyn, Thomelyn, Tomlyn, Thomlyn. Thomelin is now somewhat rare in France. TOMLINS, ToMLiN's(Son) 1 „ .r„,„,i„ TOMLINSON, Tomlin's Son j ^- 'O""""- HenricusThomlynson. — Yorks Poll-Tax, A.D. 1379. TOMLYN = Tomlin, q.v. TOMMAS = Thomas, q.v. TOMPKIN= (with the common post -»; intrus. p) Tom kin, q.v. TOMPKINS,ToMPKlN's(Son) "I ^ .. TOMPKINSON,ToMPKiN'sSoN J ^' ' '""PX'"- TOMPSETT TOMPSITT TOMPSON = (with the common post-w intrus. />) Tomson, Thomson, q.v. TOMS, Tom's (Son) 1 Tom, like Thorn, a TOMSON, Tom's Son J dim. of Thomas, q.v. TOMSETT TOMSITT TONER (Ir.) The family of O'Tomhrair, who now call themselves Toner, took their name from an ancestor 'lomhrar. — ^Joyce, Ir. Names of PI., ii. 139. TONG 1 (Eng.) Bel. to Tong or Tonge; or TONGE > Dweller at a Tongue or Point of TONGUE I Land (such, e.g., as would be formed by the meeting of two streams) [M.E. tonge, tunge, O.E. tunge, a tongue] Two brooks meet at Tong(e (13th cent. Tonglie), Salop ; and Tongland, Kirkcud- bright, " stands at the confluence of the rivers Tarf and Dee". The Yorks Tong, Tunge in the 13th cent., occurs as Tuinc in Domesday-Bk. i for Thomasset, q.v. I for Thomasset, q.v. Tonkies 229 Topham TONKlll|f°^T°"k'ns-q-- TONKI TONKYN N \ I a double dim. of Ant(h)ony, q.v. rN J [E. di " " ~ ■ ~ m. suff. -kin, O.LowTeul. -k-(n\ 2 for Tomkin, q.v. TONKINS, Tonkin's (Son) 1 „ T^„^i„ TONKINSON, Tonkin's Son r lonKin. TONKS, a contr. of Tonkins, q.v. TONSON I Tony's Son : v. Tony, Ant(h)ony. 2 for Tomson, q.v. TONY, a dim. of Ant(h)ony, q.v. TOOEY, V. Toohy. TOOGOOD, I3th-i4th cent. Togod, in spite of apparent phonological difficulties, seems to represent the Domesday 'lurgod, O.N. Thorgaut-r (mod. Norw. Torgaut) : v. Thupgood, Thupgate. TOOHY (Celt.) North-Country ; Boorish [Ir. Tuathach {th as h) — nepotic or genit. form O'Tuathaigh — f. tuath, the north + the agent, suff. -acK] ^°g|^,} = Toke,q.v. TOOKER (A.-Fr.-Teut.) Tucker, Fuller (of cloth) [iVI.E. to(u)ker{e, tuker(e, tokker, a fuller; f. Fr. toquer (^toucher), to beat, knock ; of Teut. orig. : cp. Low Ger. tukken = Ger. zucken, to twitch, jerk, etc.] Roger leTukere.—/fM«(/.ifflHi,A.D.i274. Alex' le Toukere. — Soms. Subs. Roll, A.D. 1327. John Touker (Soms.). — MSS. Dn. & Ch. Wells, A.D. I474-S- Taillours, tanneris, And tokkeris bothe. — Piers Plowman, 438-9 (MS. Trin. 2). Tucker, sb,, fuller.— West Devon Gloss., A.I>. 1796. TOOKEY (A.-Scand.) the I3th-cent. Toky, nth cent. Tokig: the same name as Took(e, Toke (q.v.), with the dim. suff. TOOLE (Celt.) v. O'Toole. TOOLEY (A.-Scand.) the I3th-I4thcent. Toly, Toll, nth-cent. Tolig (also O.Dan.), a pet form of the O.N. Thorleik-r = Thor's SpoRTor Contest [O.N. leik-r, sport, etc.] Mod. Norw. forms of O.N. Thorleik-r are Tolleik, Toilet, Tolli. (Celt.) the Ir. Tuatkal{l)ach {th as h) = Tuathal (v. O'Toole) with the pers. suff. -ach. TOOMBS for Tom(e)8, q.v. TOOMER is f. the North. Fr. place-name St. Omer, anc. St. Audomar, with the t of St. attracted to the pers. name [the pers. name isa compound of O.Ger. aud{=0.^. au'S-r = O.Sax. dd=O.E. edd), prosperity, wealth, happiness, and mdri ( = O.E. mcere), famous] William de St. Omero. — Hund. Rolls. TOOMEYl (Celt.) the Irish O'Tuama = TOOMY J Descendant of Tuam [Ir. d or ua, grandson, descendant : the pers. name is f. the Ir. tua{i)m, a stronghold] TOON 1 ^ TOONE J 'own, q.v. TOOP I (Eiig.) lengthened vars. of Tupp, TOOPE J q.v. ; but there may have been some confusion with Topp, q.v. TOOTAL(L ) (A.-Fr.-Teut.) for the French TOOTEL(L ( r(?fe/,adoubledira.ofTheodopio, q.v. [Fr. dim. suff. -el] As is so often the case with A.-Fr. names, our I3th-cent. form is the present- day French form — Custance Totel. — Hund. Rolls. (Eng.) for Toothlll, q.v. TOOTH (Eng.) a nickname, like the cognate Dent [M.E. toth, O.E. t£^, a tooth, tusk] Thomas Toth. — Hund. Rolls. TOOTH ILL \ (Eng.) Dweller at a Toot-Hill, TOOTILL /i.e. a Look-out - Hill [M.E. totehill, totehylle ; i. M.E. toten, O.E. tdtian, to peep out, project -f- O.E. hyll, a hill] John de Totehill. — ■ Yorks Poll-Tax, A.D. 1379. TOOTING (Eng.) Bel. to Tooting (Surrey), the Domesday Totinges, in Latin charters of the A.-Sax. period Totinge = (the Estate of the) ToTA Family [A.-Sax. Totingas (dat. pi. Totingum): the pers. name Tot(t)a is a pet form, of one of the A.-Sax. Torht- names (O.E. torht, beautiful, glorious) -|- -ingas, pi. of the 'son' suff. -ing] TOOTLE I for Tootel(l\ q.v. 2 for Toothlll, q.v. TOOVEY (A.-Scand.) the common nth-cent. Tofig (Domesday Tovi), O.N. Tofi, a dim. of rAzoSi)flH-f= National Ruler [O.N. Jiio'S, nation, people -|- vald-r, ruler] TOPHAM (Eng.) Dweller at the Upper Field; or the Hill-Field [O.E. topp, a summit -f ham{m, a piece of land] Tophill 230 Totler TOPHILL (Eng.) Dweller at the Top of the Hill [O.E. topp, a summit + hylt\ TOPLADY is app. a nickname fo( a libertine. TOPLEY (Eng.) Dweller at the Upper Meadow ; or the Hill- Meadow [O.E. topp, a summit-|-Zea'A(M.E. ley), ameadow] There are a Topley in Shropshire and a Topley Pike in Derbyshire. TOPLIFF (Eng.) Bel. to Topcliffe (Yorks), 14th cent. Topcliffe, 13th cent. Topclyf, Domesday Topedive = the Top of the Cliff [O.E. topp, a summit + clif] l (Eng.) Dweller at the Top Leas J [O.E. topp, a summit ; ledh, a lea, meadow] TOPP (Eng. and Scand.) Dweller at a Summit [O.E. topp = O.N. topp-r\ (Scand.) a nickname f. the O.N. topp-r, 'tuft', 'lock of hair', 'forelock'. TOPPER = Topp (q.v.) + the E. agent, sufl. -er. TOPPIN for Topping, q.v. TOPPING (A.-Scand.) Dweller at the Top Meadow [O.E. topp = O.N. topp-r, a top, summit + O.N.E. ing, OM.eng, ameadow] TOPPLE for Tophill, q.v. TOPLIS TOPLISS TORBART TORBARD TORBERT TORBET(T TORBUTT (Scand.) the O.N. Thorbiart-r = Thor-Glorious [v. Thor, and + O.N. biart-r, bright, glorious, etc.] TORDOFF (Scand.) a corrupt Yorkshire de- scendant of the O.N. Tkio'Sulf-r (A.-Sax. Theodwulf) = National Wolf [O.N. Jpii'S, nation, people + lilf-r, wolf] The mod. Norw. form of this name is Tiodolv TORGETT (Scand.) the O.N. Thorgaut-r {mod. Norw. Torgaut) : v. under Th ungate. TORKINGTON (A.-Scand.) Bel. toTorkington (Chesh.), i3th-i4th cent. Torkinton, Old A.-Scai\A. *Torhinga-ttin = i\\e, Estate of the ToRK- Family [thepers. M&meTork{a is a contr. of the O.N. Thorkell, Thorketill, mod. Norw. Torkell (v. Thurkell, Thur- kettle) : h -inga, genit. pi. of the fil. suff. -ing -f ttin, estate, etc.] TORLEY 1 (Celt.) the Irish Toirdhealbhach TORLOGH I (fil. —genit. — form MacToir- dhealbhaigh) [Ir. tdir, aid, help +dealbhack, ingenious, inventive ; handsome] TORMEY (C^lt.) the Irish Tormach (nepotic — genit. — form O'Tormaigh) [f. the Ir. verb tormach-aim, I increase, magnify; tormach, m., an increase, augmentation] TORNEY (Celt.) for the Irish O'Torna, i.e. Descendant of Torn(a = a Lord [Ir. 6 or iia, grandson, descendant -\- the genit. oilr.tdrn, a head, summit; lord, sovereign] "Tomey is now a pretty common family- name, the correct form of which is O'Torna. According to O'Curry, they derive their name from the celebrated poet Torna Eigeas, who flourished in the fourth century ; and they inhabited the district of O'Torna in the North of Kerry." — Joyce, Ir. Names of PL, ii. 139 TORPIN (Scand.) form. Torphin, the O.N. Thorfinn-r (mod. Norw. Torfinti) [v. under Thon, and -f Finn-r, the ethnic name] TORR ] (A.-Lat. ; A.-Celt.) Dweller at a TORRE / Tower, or Tower-like Rock or Hill [O.E. torr, a tower, rock, tor; Lat. turr-is, a tower ; cogn. with Celt. tor{r, a mound, heap, pile, conical hill, tower, castle] Henry atte Torre. — Fine-Rolls. (Scand.) for the O.N. Thori-r, Thdr-r (mod. Norw. Tore) : v. Thor. TORRAN (Celt.) Dweller at a Knoll or Hillock [Gael, torran (Ir. tordn) — torr, a hill + the dim. suff. -dn] TORRANS = Torran (q.v.) + the Eng. -J suffix. TORRANCE i : TORRENCE pi. TORRENS J There are places called Torrance in cos. Lanark and Stirling. 2 Irish var. of Terence, q.v., and, like it, used for the Ir. Toirdhealbhach : v. Torley. TORRIEl I like Terry', a contr. of Theo- TORRY J doric, q.v. 2 like Torrence", used for the Ir. Toirdhealbhach : v. Torley. TORT (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Wry, Crooked [O.Fr. tort, Lat. tort-US, twisted, crooked] Ralph le Tort. — Plac. de quo Warr. TORTOISESHELL, an imit. form of Tatters- hall, q.v. TOTHILL, V. Toothill. TOTILLER "I (Eng.) Tatler [f. M.E. totelen, TOTLER J tatelen = L.Ger. tateln, to tattle] John Totiller.— i?t)H5 of Pari. The Chaucerian form was totelere. Totman 231 Townshend TOTMAN for Tottenham, q.v. TOTTENHAM 1 (Eng.) Bel. to Tottenham TOTTMAN I (M'sex), the Domesday Tote- ham, A.-Sax. *Tot(t)an-hdm = Tot(t)a's HoMEovEsTATE \Tot{t)an-,%m\t. oiTot{Oa, a pet form of one of the A.-Sax. Torht- (torht, glorious) names :- 1- ham, home] The Turnament of Totenham have we in mynde. — Percy's Reliques, II. I. iv. \ 1 (Eng.) descendants of the A.-Sax. TOTTY ( Tota, : TOTTIE Totta, pet forms of one of the Torht- [O.E. torht, glorious] names (thus the eighth-cent, bishop of Leicester Torht- helm was familiarly Totta), -|- the E. dim. suff. -ie, -y. Johannes Totty. — • Yorks Poll-Tax, A.D. 1379. TOTTINGTON (Eng.) Bel. to Tottington (Lane. : 13th cent. Totyngton, Totingtone, Totington ; Norf.), A.-Sax. *Totinga-tun = the Estate of the Tota Family [for the pers. name see under Tottie, and -|- the genit. pi., -inga, ot the fil. suff. -ing -f tun, estate, etc.] TOUHILL = Toole, O'Toole, q.v. TOULMI TOULMI NEJ Tolmin. TOULSON, V. Tolson. TOURNAYlv. the commoner Eng. form tourney; Turney. TOUT (Eng.) a nickname fM.E. and Dial E. tout{e, the buttocks ; f. O.E. totian, to project, protrude] And Nicholas is scalded in the toute. — Chaucer, Cant. Tales, A 3853. TOVEY, V. Toovey. TOW (Eng.) Tough [Dial. E. tow, O.E. toh] TOWCESTER (Celt. & A.-Lat.) Bel. to Tow- cester (Northants), 14th cent. Toucestre, Domesday Touecestre, A.D. 921 Tofeceaster ' ('t6 Tofe ceastre' — dat.) = the (Roman) Camp on the R. Tow [the river-name is a form of the Welsh river-name Taw{e — Wei. taw, still, placid, sluggish ( = Ir. tdmh — »iA as T)) + O.E. ceaster, Lat. castra, a camp] TOWELLl , TOWILL / TOWER (Eng.) a var. of Tawer, q.v. Gilbert le Tower.— Hund. Rolls. (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Dweller at a Tower [M.E. O.Fr. t(o)ur, Lat. turr-is] Hugh de la Tour.— Ca/. Inq. P.M. TOWERS (Eng.) the Tower's (Son) : v. Tower', Tawer. (A.-Fr.-Lat.) pi. of TowerS q.v. TOWERSON (Eng.) the Tower's Son : v. Tower', Tawer. TOWGOOD = Toogood, q.v. TOWL 1 I for Toll, q.v. TOWLE / 2 for Towell, q.v. TOWLER for Toller, q.v. TOWLSON for Tolson, q.v. TOWN "1 (Eng.) Dweller at the Town ; orig. TOWNE J an ENCLOSURE, then a Farmstead, Village [M.E. t{o)un, t{o)une (M. Scot. toun{e), O.E. tun] And he went and drew him to aan of the citezenis of that cuntre, and he send him into his toune to fede swyne. — St. Luke, XV. 15 ; M.Scot, vers. (Nisbet). In parts of the country, e.g. in the West ot England and in Scotland, the town, or 'toon' (Ihe pron. of O.E. tun), is still the farmyard. TOWNDROW (with intrus. -t?-)for Town row, q.v. TOWNEND (Eng.) Dweller at the Town (Village) -End [M.E. toun{e, O.E. tiin, farm, hamlet, village -f- M.E. O.E. ende] He lives agen the town-end. — S.W.Linc. Gloss., p. 155. Cp. Townsend. TOWNER (Eng.) =Town (q.v.) -f the agent, suff. -er. TOWN H ER D 1 (Eng.) Town - HERDSMAN or TOWNERD \ Farm-Bailiff [v.underTown, and -I- M.E. herd{e, O.E. hierde, guardian, keeper, etc.] Augustin Tuuherd.— i/wwrf. Rolls. TOWNLEY 1 (Eng.) Dweller at the Town TOWNELEY J (Village)-MEADOw[M.E. f(o)M«, O.E. tiin + M.E. ley, etc., O.E. Udh] The Lane. Towneley was Tounley,Toun- lay, in the 14th cent. TOWNMAN (Eng.) This term goes back to Anglo-Saxon times [O.E. tun mann, 'man belonging to a tfln' — tun, farm, estate, manor, etc.] TOWNROE 1 (Eng.) Dweller at the Town TOWNROW J (Village)-Row (of Dwellings) [O.E. tAn -\- raw] TOWNS, Town's (Son) : v. Town. TOWNSEND 1 (Eng.) Dweller at the End OF TOWNSHEND J A Town (Village) [O.E. tiin, genit. tunes + ende"] Townsley 232 Trapnell Henry atte Tunesende. — Hand. Rolls. Asomonour isarennereupanddoun. . . And is y-bet [beaten] at everich tounes ende. — Chaucer, Cant. Tales, D 1283, 85. Unto yone hospitall at the tounis end. — Henrysoii, Test, of Cresseid, 382. The intrus. -h- in the second form of this name is found as early as the 13th cent. TOWNSLEY, equiv. to Townley, q.v. TOWNSON I Town's Son : v. Town. 2 a corrupt form of Tomlinson, q.v. 3 for Towlson, Tolson, q.v. TOWSE, Tow's (Son) : v. Tow. TOWSON I Tow's Son : v. Tow. 2 for earlier Townson, q.v. TOWSTER, the fem. form of Tower=Tawer, q.v. [O.E. fem. agent, suif. -estre'] TOWZER (Eng.) i Teaser, Carder (of wool, etc.) [f. E. touse, M.E. tusen, to pull about ; of Teut. orig.] 2 used as a nickname for a Roisterer, Rowdy [same etym.] But let him loose amongst my kitchen- furniture, my maids, never was seen so tarmagant a towzer. — Otway, The Atheist (1684) ; T. Wright. TOY 1 (Scand.) a specif. East, and North. TOYE J name, I3th-I4th cent. Toy, Toye, seems to represent the O.N. Thia'Sgeir (mod. Norw. Tiogiei) = A.-Sax. Theodgar, i.e. National Spear [O.N. JjirfS = O.E. ^edd, nation, people + O.N. geir-r = O.E. gdr, a spear] (Celt.) the Irish O'Tuaith (th mute) = Descendant of Tuath, i.e. Northern [Ir. tuath, northern] TOYNBEE (Scand.) Bel. to Toynby (? Lines) [O.N. by-r, farm, estate: the first element doubtless represents a pers. name : v. under Toynton] TOYNTON (Scand.) Bel. to Toynton (Lines), a.d. 1317-18 Toynton [O.N. ttin, enclosure, homestead : the first element prob. repre- sents'the O.N. (fem.) pers. nameThid'Sunn, which (as Rygh points out in his 'Gamle [Old] Personnavne', p. 250) occurs in modern times as Tiown and Tion] TOZER, v. Towzer. TRACE (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Dweller at a Trackway [Fr. trace, a trace, path; Lat. tract-us, a course, etc.] TRACEY I (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Bel. to Tracy (Nor- TRACY f maudy) : (i) Tracy- Bocage — A.D. 1 198 Traceium, 141 7 Tracheium ; (2) Tracy- sur-Mer — i2thcent.7VacsM»i, 1155 (Wace, 'Rom. de Rou') Tracie, 1255 Tracheium [the Lat. suff. -eium denotes possession : the first elem. embodies a pers. name, prob. the Lat.-Gr. Thrasius, f. Gr. thrasys (fifiaais), bold, courageous] Richard de Tracy. — Hund. Rolls. (Celt.) the Irish Treasach (nepotic — genit. — form O'Treasaigh) [Ir. treas, battle 4- the agent, suff. -acK\ TRAFFORD (Eng.) Bel. to Trafilord (Man- chester), I3th-i4th cent. Trafford = the Tree-Ford (i.e. a ford whose passage was facilitated by tree-stumps or timber-piles) [O.E. tre&w, a tree, timber (= Dan.-Norw. tra, Swed. tra) -f ford[\ TRAHAIARN 1 (Celt.) the O.Welsh TraAaj-arM, TRAHARN [ a nickname of strength = TRAHERN J Super-Iron [Wei. tra, over, super- + haiarn, iron] Ac yna y bu vrwydyr ym mynyd Cam, ac yna y WasTrahayam uab Caradawc uab Gruffud wyr lago. (And then took place the battle on Cam mountain, when was slain Trahaiarn, son of Caradoc, son of Griffith, grandson of lago).— Brut y Tywysogion (Chronicle of the [Welshi Princes), A.D. 1079. Trahern ap Howel ap Rys (a Welsh hostage in Chester Castle). — Chesh. Chmbrlns.' Accts.,A.Ti. 1301-2. TRAIL TRAILL TRALE forms of Thrale, q.v. [cp. Dan.- Norw. trcel=Swsd.trdl, a bondman] TRAINER ] (Celt.) the Irish Treinfhear or TRAINOR \ Trdunfhear {fh mute) = Strong TRANNER J or Brave Man ; Hero [Ir. triun (pron. train), strong, brave -|- the asp. form ot fear, a man : cp mod. Gael, treunair, 'dihgent man'] TRANT, V. Trent. TRANTER | (Teut.) Peddler, Carrier [cp. TRANTOR \ M.Dut. tranten, to walk slowly; TRAUNTOR J Low Ger. trant, a walk, pace] Dick Dewy's father, Reuben, by voca- tion a tranter, or irregular carrier. — T. Hardy, Under the Greenwood-Tree, i. 2. TRANTOM TRANTUM for Trentham, q.v. TRAPNELL (A.-Fr.-Teut.) the YxmchTrapinel, a double dim. i. Fr. trapu = Squat, Stumpy [v. under Trapp] Trapp 233 Tregear(e TRAPP (A.-Fr.-Teut.) the French Trappe, Trap(e = Squat, Stumpy [Fr. trapu ; of Teut. orig. : cp. Ger. trapp, a heavy step ; trappen, to walk heavily] John Trappe. — Hund. Rolls. TRAPPS, Trapp's (Son) : v. Trapp. TRASK (Scand.) Dweller at a Bog or Marsh [Scand. trdsk] TRASS, a form of Trace, q.v. : cp. Scot, tras, 'a game-track'. TRATT, a var. of Trott, q.v. TRAVERS \ (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Dwellerat a Cross- TRAVERSE J Road [O.Fr. travers-e; f. Lat. transversus, oblique, athwart] TRAVISS I '"'^^'^ forms of Travers(e, q.v. In the late i6th and early 17th centuries the same individual is often called indiff- erently 'Travers' and 'Travis'. TRAYNER 1 TRAYNORJ Trainer, Trainor, q.v. TRAYTON, a var. of Treeton, q.v. TREACHER (A.-Fr.-Lat.)TRAlTOR,TRiCKSTER fM.E. treacher, trechour(e, O.Fr. tricheor (Fr. tricheur) ; f. O.Fr. trickier, to trick ; Lat. tricae, troubles, etc.] She makith folk compasse and caste To taken other folkis thyng Through robberie or myscounting. And that is she that makith trechonres. — Chaucer, Rom. of the Rose, 194-7. TREACY, a form of Tracy (q.v.), esp.' TREADAWAY (with intrus.-a-) for Treadway, q.v. TRlDGO?D°}^--r»^'-dg°'d.q- TREADWAY 1 (Eng.) prob. descendants of an TREDWAY ] A.-S,&x.*Thrythwig = Mighty War or Warrior [O.E. ['rj't', might, strength -(- wig, war (wiga, warrior] TREADWELL (Eng.) Dweller at a Spring or Well by a Path or Road [Dial. E. tread, a path, track, way ; f. O.E. tredan, to tread -I- E. well, O.E. w{i)ell(a, a spring] TREANOR = Trainor, q.v. TREBBLE 1 (Eng.)i assim. forms of Trennble, TREBLE J Trimble, Trumble, q.v. 2 descendants of the A.-Sax. Thryth- &(e)rtW= Mightily Bold [O.E. I'^-ji)', might, strength -|- b(e)ald, bold] TREDEGAR (Celt.) Bel. to Tredegar (Monm.) = Tegyr's Homestead [Wel. tre, home- stead, etc. : the stem of the pers. name 7V^^»" (with T regularly mutated to D in the place-name) is Wel. tSg, fair, hand- some. The name Tegyr occurs in the 'Mabinogion' (Kulhwch ac Olwen). TREDINGTON (Eng.) Bel. to Tredington (Wore. : 13th cent. Tredinton, Domesday Tredinctun, 10th cent.Tredinctutt,Tyrdintun, 8th cent. Tredincgtun ; G\ouc. : 13th cent. Tredintone, Tredigtone), the A.-Sax. *Tred- inga-tun = the Estate of the Treda Family [the pers. names Treda and Tyrda (both 8th - cent. Worcestersh. names) are evid. easier-pronounced var. masc. formations on the fem. noun f'ryj', might, strength -{- -inga, genit. pi. of the fil. suff. -ing + tun, estate, etc.] TREE (Eng.) Dweller by a (conspicuous) Tree [O.E. treow\ (Fr.) Bel. to Trie (Oise, etc.) ; or Dweller at the Uncultivated or Fallow Land [O.Fr. trie, "terrain vague, inculte "] TREEBY (Scand.) Dweller at the Tree- Farmstead [O.N. -eto«e= the Tree Enclosure or Farmstead [O.E. treo + ttin] TREEVES = Treves, q.v. TREFFRY 1 (Celt.) Bel. to Treffry (Cornwall) TREFRY I = the Town of the Slope [Corn. and Wel. tref, a homestead, village, town + the Corn. cogn. of Wel. rhiw, a slope] TREFUSESl (Celt.) Bel. to Trefusis (Corn- TREFUSIS I wall) [Corn, and Wel. tref, a homestead, village, etc. : evidence of early forms is lacking, and the wild shots of Cornish historians and others at the origin of the second element are not worth quoting here ; in ray opinion it represents the pers. name Huws with the later addit. of one of the Corn. pi. sufis., -es^ TREGARTHEN 1 (Celt.) Bel. to Tregarthian TREGARTHIAN J (Cornwall) [Corn, and Wel. tre, a homestead, etc. -I- the pi. of Corn. garth, Wel. gardd, a garden (-en, Corn. pi. suff. ; -ian for yon, pi. suff.] TREGEAR(E (Celt.) Bel. to Tregear(e (Corn- wall), 14th cent. Tregaer = the Town of the Fort [Corn, and Wel. tre, a home- stead, village, etc. -|- a mutated form of Corn, car = Wel. caer, a fort, camp] Tregetor 234 Trent The corresponding Wei. place-name is Tregare. TREGETOR (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Juggler [M.E. tregeto(u)r; f. O.Fr. tresgeter, to jnsjgle ; Lat. trans, across -\-jactare, to throw] TREGOS(E 1 (Celt.) Bel. to Tregos(e, Tre- TREGOZ(E J goos(e (Cornwall) = the Town of the Wood [Corn, and Wei. tre, a home- stead, village, etc. -|- the mutated form, -gos, of Corn, cos = Wei. coed, a wood] Henr' de Tregoze. — Charter Rolls, A.D. 1270-1. TREHEARN TREHEARNE TREHERN TREHERNE later forms of Trahaiarn, etc., q.v. TRELAWN \ (Celt.) Dweller at the Church- TRELAWNY/TowN [Corn, and Wei. tre, a homestead, village, town -f Corn. Ian = Wei. llan (O.Wel. lann), a church : the -y i uTrelawny represents the Corn, dim . suff.] Trelawny, par. Alternon, Cornwall, form. Trelany, Trelone, is the Domesday Treloen. The correspondingWelsh place- name is Trellan ; Welsh has also the formation llandref, 'church-village' {-dref mutation oi tref, 'village'.) TRELOAR (Celt.) Bel. to Treloar (Cornwall) [Corn, tre, a homestead, etc. -|- lowr, downward, lower] TREMAIN I (Celt.)Bel. toTremaine(Corn- TREMAINE V wall) = the Town of the TREMAYNE J Stone [Corn, and Wei. tre, a homestead, village, etc. -f- Corn, men = Wei. maen, a stone] "In the name Tremaine we may be sure that the second syllable is not an adjective or it would be 'Trevaine' ; so the meaning is not, as one might think, 'the stone house' (not a very distinguishing epithet in Cornwall), but probably 'the house of the stones', i.e. of some stone circle or other prehistoric remains." — Jenner, Handbk. Com. Lang., p. 193. The corresponding Welsh place-name is Tremaen or Tremain. In the parish of Tremain, Cardigan, "is the Llech-yr-Ast Stone." TREMBLE (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Dweller by an Aspen- Tree [Fr. tremble, an aspen; Lat. tremul-us] (Eng.) V. Trimble, Trumble. TREMEER 1 (Celt.) Bel. to Tremeer or Tre- TREMEREJraere (Cornwall) = Mer's or Mear's Home or Estate [Corn, and Wei. tre, a homestead, etc. : the pers. name is the Corn. mSr or mear (= Wei. mawr), big] If this name had signified 'the Big Estate' the m of mer or mear would have been mutated to v : cp. Trevean. TREMELLAN ) (Celt.) Dweller at the Mill TREMELLEN IEst.ate or Village [Corn. TREMELLIN J and Wei. tre, a homestead, village, etc. -|- Corn. mel{r)an = 'We]. melin, a mill] TREMENHEERE (Celt.) Bel. to Tremenheere (Cornwall) = the Menhir-Estate [Corn. and Wei. tre, a homestead, village, etc. -|- Corn. men = Wei. maen, a stone + Corn. heer = Wei. Mr, long] TREMLETT (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Dweller at an Aspen - Grove [Fr. Trem(b)let, f. Lat. tremiilet-um (mod. Fr. tremblaie), a place planted with aspens ; Lat. tremul-us (whence Fr. tremble,a.n aspen) -|- the 'plan- tation' suS. -et-um1 TRENCH (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Dweller at a Cutting or Alley [M.E. trench(e ; f. O.Fr. trencher (mod. trancher), to cut] And in a trench, forth in the park, gooth she. — Cha ucer. Cant. Tales, F 392. TRENCHARD (Fr.-Lat. + Teut.) a nickname from O.Fr. trencher, 'to cut' [O.Fr. trencher (mod. trancher), to cut : the (intens.) suff. -ard in the name is for the O.Teut. hard, hard, brave] TRENDELLl (app. Celt.) Bel. to Trendle TRENDLE / (Soms.), 14th cent. Tretidyl [If the name is not the O.E. trendel, a circle (as of stones), the stem is prob.West. Eng. trend, a current or stream — app. f. Wei. tren(t, rapid; and the suff. the dim. -et\ TRENDER, v. Trinder. TRENNER = Trainer, q.v. TRENT I Dweller by the River Trent, 12th cent. Trenta, loth cent. A.-Sax. charters Trenta, Traenta, the Treonta of the A.-Sax, Chron, a.d. 924, and the Treanta of Bseda. What the river was called during the Roman occupation is uncertain. Dr. Brad- ley's ingenious emendation in 1883 of Tacitus's ('Annales', xii. 31) "castris antonam " into "cis trisantonara'', and his identification of the "Ti-isantona" thus evolved with the mod. Trent, which seems to have been accepted by Prof. Rhys ('Celt. Brit.', ed. 1908, p. 80), cannot be said to be convincing, and are perhaps no longer viewed with favour by their author. In my opinion the name is a survival of the Lat. torrent-em (Ital. torrinte), a torrent, in allusion to the famous bore or eagre of the lower part of the river ; the of the etymon falling out at an early period owing Trentham 235 Trigge TRENTHAM TRENTAM TRENTUM [v. Trent to the stress being on the second syllable: we may compare the name of the Trenta, a mountain-stream of the Austrian Alps. . . . ane of the sherriffes men, Good William a-Trent was slaine. — Robin Hood and Guy of Gisborne, 75-6. 2 Bel. to Trent (Dorset) [app. the West. Eng. trend, a current or stream ; prob. f. Wei. tren(t, rapid] Bel. to Trentham (Staffs), I2th-I3th cent. Trentham = ihe Enclosure on the R. Trent , and + O.E. hamm, a piece of land, enclosure] TRESHAM (Eng.) Bel. to Tresham (Glouc), loth cent. Tresham ('Cart. Sax.' no. 1282) = (prob.) Treowe's Home [the geuit. of O.E. treowe, tr^we, true + hdm, home, estate] Will'us Tresham.— Charter Rolls, tp. Hen. VI. TRESILLIAN (Celt.) Bel. to Tresillian (Corn- wall) =Silian's or Sulian's Homestead [Corn, and Wei. tre, a homestead : Sultan represents Julian] Sihan, Cardigansh., is for St. Suhan (Julian), as the dedication of the ancient church shows. TREVARTHEN (Celt.) Bel. to Trevarthian (Cornwall) = the High Farmstead [Corn. trev, a homestead, etc. -|- arth, high-|-the "individualizing" suff. -an ox-en] TREVEAR (Celt.) Bel. to Trevear (Cornwall) = the Big Farm or Estate fCorn. and Wei. tre, a homestead, etc. -t- Corn, -vear, mutated form of mear or »!«»"= Wei. mawr ( = Ir. and Gael, mor), great] TREVELIAN \ (Celt.) Bel. to Trevelyan TREVELION (Cornwall), the Domesday TREVELYAN • Trevelien = Elian's Home- TREVILIAN STEAD [Corn, trev, a home- TREVILLIONJ stead, etc.] TREVELLICK j (Celt.) Bel. to Trevillick TREVILLICK ) (Cornwall) = Meilic's Home- stead [Corn, and Wei. tre, a homestead, etc. ; with the M of the pers. name mu- tated to V : the pers. name Meilic occurs in the M'dbinogion ('Kulhwch ac Olwen')] TREVER = Trevor, q.v. TREVES (Fr.) Bel. to Treves (France).Tr6ves, Gard, e.g., was Treve a.d. 1227, 1244, and 1262; but 'apud Tr/wMwi' occurs in 1289, and 'Parochia de Trivio' in 1309. If these M.Lat. forms were to be trusted, the name would, of course, mean 'the Three-Roads' Meet'. TREVETHICK 1 (Celt.) Bel. to Trevethick TREVITHICK J (Cornwall) = the Physician's Dwelling [Corn, and Wei. tre, a home- stead, etc. -\- the mutated form, -vethic, of Corn. ?nethic or medhec = Wei. meddyg (Lat. medic-us), a physician] T^i;;fTV}v-T.vet(t. There is a Trevet in co. Meath, anc. Trefoil, i.e. 'Three Sods or Turves', "so named . . . because when Art, son of Conn of the Hundred Battles, was buried there, three sods were dug over his grave in honour of the Trinity" (Joyce, 'Irish Local Names', p. 90) ; but this place has prob. had no surnominal influence. TREVINE (Celt.) Bel. to Trevine (Cornwall) = the Little Farmstead [Corn, tre, farm, homestead, etc. -|- the mutated form, -vean, of Corn, bean, Man, little] TREVISA (Celt.) Bel. to Trevisa (Cornwall) = the Lower Town [Corn, trev = Wei. tref, a homestead, hamlet, etc. -f Corn. isa = Wei. is, lower] TREVOR (Celt.) i the Irish Treabhar = Pru- dent, Discreet [O.Ir. trebar] 2 Bel. to Trevor (Cornwall), a form of Trevear, q.v. There is also a Trevor in co. Denbigh. TREW = True, q.v. TREWEN (Celt.) Bel. to Trewen (Cornwall) = the White House [Corn, and Wei. tre, a homestead, etc. + Corn, and Wei. -wen, mutated form o{ given, fem. oigwyn, white] There is also a Trewen in co. Cardigan. TREWHITT (Eng.) Bel. to Trewhitt (Nor- thumb.), 13th cent. Terwit, Tirwhit [perh. repr. O.E. tredw-(ge)'wrid, a thicket] TREWlNNARD(Celt.-t-E.)Bel. toTrewinnard (Cornwall) = Winnard's or Wynn- heard's Home or Estate [Corn, and Wei. tre, a homestead, etc. ; and see Winnard] TRICKER for Trigger, q.v. TRICKETT, the French Triquet, Tricot, etc., f. the O.N. Trygg, Tryggui (v. Trigg), with the Fr. dim. suff. -et, -ot. Thomas Triket. — Hund. Rolls. TRICKEY =Trigg (q.v.) + the E. dim. suff. -y. TRIGG l(Scand.) the Norw. Trygg, O.N. TRIGGE i Tryggui=iheTKiiSTi, True [O.N. trygg-r] A Tryggui was, of course, the father of King Olaf Trygguason (Olafr konungr Trygguason) of the sagas. The form in our I3th-i4th cent, records was Trig- and Trigger 236 \ V. Thrimby. Tryg. The word is the second element in the name of the Norse Iting of Dublin, Sigtryggr, who figures, e.g., in the great Nial Saga. TRIGGER (Scand.) represents an O.N.Tryggeir = Trusty Spear [O.N. trygg-r, trusty, true + geir-r, a spearj TRIGGETT = Trigg (q.v.) + the Fr. dim. suff. -et. TRIGGS, Trigg's (Son) : v. Trigg. TRIIVIBELL . (A.-Fr.-Lat.) var. of Tremble, TRIIV1BLE J q.v. (Eng.) for Trumble, q.v. TRIMBEY TRIIVIBY TRIIVIIV1ER (Eng.) a descendant of the A.-Sax. Trumhere = Strong Army [O.E. trum, strong, firm + here, army : tlie E. verb, 'trim', O.E. trymman, is f. the base truni] A famous Trumhere was Bishop of the Mercians in the 7th cent. There has no doubt been some con- fusion with the Cornish name Tremeer, q.v. TRINDER (Eng.) Wheeler, Wheelwright [M.E. trinder ; f. O.E. trinde, something round — tryndel (trendel), a wheel] Hugh le Trinder.— ifM«- Tristerant, y' gentle kt, To the forrest fresh and gay. — 'Marr. of Sir Gawaine': Percy's Reliques. Tristram de Haule. — Hund. Rolls. Tristram was the spelling used by Marie de France (13th cent.) in her 'Cheverefoil.' TRISTRAN for Tristram, q.v. Tristran is the form in an Old-French poem printed in Fr. Michel's 'Tristan', (1835), e.g.— . . . le pur Tristran. TRITTON for Treeton, q.v. TRIVET(T (A.-Fr.-Teut.)theA.-French Trivet, a labio-dentalized form of Trippet(t, q.v. Nicholas Trivet. — Soms. Subs.-Roll, A.D. 1327. John Tryvet. — MSS. Dn. & Ch. Wells, A.D. 1384. T^§^TE}=^-",q.v. TRODD 1 (Eng.) Dweller at a Path or Track TRODE ; [O.E. trod] TROGGER, a var. of Trigger (q.v.) with the form of the first element influenced by Dan.-Norw. tro, 'trusty', 'true'. TROLLOP(E \ (A. - Fr. - Teut.) Loiterer ; TROLLIP / Slattern [Dial. E. and Scot. trollop, i. troll, Fr. trdler, to stroll; Ger. trollen, to roll, loll : -op prob. represents the adv. up] In the Lane, dialect (and one or two others) the word has taken a final -s — Aw should as soon think o' gettin' wed to a co'n boggart as sich a trollops. — Waugh, Sneck-Bant, p. 91. A 'William de Trollop' occurs in a I4th-cent. Durham record. The 'de' here is prob. a mistake ; if it were not, the second element would represent hope (v. Hope), 'a hollow', and the first doubtless be the O.N. troll, 'an elf, 'ogre', 'giant'. TROOD, a var. of Trode, Trodd, q.v. TROOP ) (A.-Scand.) metath. var. ofThorp(e, TROPE V q.v. (Mod. Scand. torp, a farm, also TROUP J occurs in place-names as -trup). Cp. Throop. TROSTON (A.-Scand.) Bel. to Troston (Suff.), the A.-Sax. Trosting\a\tiin = the Estate OF THE Trost(a Family [the pers. name is a form of O.N. traiist-r, trusty, firm ; f. traust(MoA. Scand. trost, comfort), help, protection -f -inga, genit. pi. of the fil. suff. -ing + tun, estate, etc.] TROT(T)MAN i=Trot(t)'s Man (-Servant): V. Trott. 2 = Trott (q.v.) -(- man ( = Mod. Ger. Trautmann, O.Ger. Trutman). TROTT (Teut.) the 14th cent. Trot(e, Trut, Trout, etc., 13th cent. Trot{e, Troyt, i2lh cent. Trote, Troite, Truite, A.-Sax. Trot(a (not common) = Beloved, Dear; Friend [Forms of the M.H.Ger. and O.H.Qer. trdt (subs, and adj.), dear, beloved, friend (Mod. Ger. traut) : cp. M.H.Ger. trohtin, a var. of truhtin, lord, prince. The compds. formed with triit- in M. H. Ger. are numerous] Trottuc {-uc dim. suff.T occurs as the name of a swineherd of Ecgwine, bishop of Worcester, d. a.d. 717/8. TROTTER (A.-Fr.-Teut.) Pedestrian, Run- ner,Messenger [O.Fr. trotier (Fr. trotteur); of Teut. orig.] Trottier is a fairly common French surname. An p.Ger. Trothari, 'Beloved Army', is recorded ; but a corresponding A.-Sax. name does not seem to occur. TROUGHTON (Eng.) Bel. to Troughton (N. Lane), form. Troghton = the Farmstead in the Trough or Hollow [M.E. trogh, O.E. troh, trog, a trough, basin, hollow -f- M.E. -ton, tun, O.E. tiin, farm, etc.] TROUNCE, v. Trowns. TROUNSON, V. Trownson. TROUSDALE (Eng.) Bel. to Troutsdale (N. Yorks), the Domesday Truzstal (z = ts) = TRtiT(E)'s Stall [for the pers. name see under Trott, and -|- O.E. st(e)all, a place, stead, cattle-stall] On analogy, the Domesday form here is to be trusted. Trout 238 Trumble TROUT (Teut.) a var. ot Trott, q.v. (occ.) (A.-Lat.) a nickname from the fish so called [O.E. triilit, Lat. tructd] Thomas Trout. — Yorks Poll-Tax, A.D. 1379. The surname Bucktrout occurs. TROUTBECK (N.Eng. or Scand.) Bel. to Troutbeck (Westmd. : 13th cent.Troutbek ; Cumbd. : 14th cent. Trutbek) = the Trout- Brook [O.E. triiht (the Scandinavians may have borrowed this word, but it does not seem to be recorded), Lat. tructa, a trout+O.N.E. bec{c=OM.bekk-r, abrook] TROVER (A.-Fr.-Lat.), the A.-Fr. trovur, O.Fr. troveor (Fr. trouv^re) = a Troubadour [conn, with Fr. trouver, to find, invent] TROW (Eng.) Dweller at i a Trough or Hollow [O.E. trog\ 2 a Tree [O.E. tredw, a tree ; (also fig.) a cross] William atte Trowe. — Hund. Rolls. 1 se it, by ensaunple, In somer tyme on trowes : Ther some bowes ben leved [are leaved]. — Piers Plowman, 9798-9800. TROWBRIDGE (Eng.) Bel. to Trowbridge CWilts), 14th cent.Trowbmgge, Trowbrigge, 13th cent. Troubrigge = the Tree, i.e. Wood Bridge [O.E. treiw + brycg] The wooden bridge has long been re- placed by a stone structure. TROWELL 1 (Eng.) Bel. to Trowell (Notts : TROWL(E I 13th cent. Trouwell, Domesday Trowalle), Trowle (Wilts : 14th cent. Trowell) = i the Spring in the Hollow 2 the Spring by the Tree [v. under Trow, and-f-O.E. w(i)ella, a well, spring] As the Notts place is situated " at the foot of a declivity" meaning ' prob. applies to it. TROWER for Thrower, q.v. TROWLER (Teut.) Troller, Trundler [f. M.E. troUen, to roll ; through Fr. (mod. Fr. trdler, to drag about) from Teut. : cp. Ger. trollen, to roll, troll] TROWN (Scand.) i the 14th - cent. Yorks Troune seems to represent the O.N. JpriiSinn, Strong, Mighty [O.N. Jj/-mS = O.E. J;rji«, strength, might] 2 the i4th-cent. Yorks Trogne, Trogune, is app. f. an O.N. *Thru'Sgunn-r= Mighty (in) War [O.N. ]>ru'S, might -|- gunn-r, war, battle] TROWNS, Trown's (Son) \„t- „«..,„ TROWNSON, Trown's Son ; ^- ' '^°^"- TROWSDALE"! „ -r„„,.„j„i» TROWSDALLJ v- Trousdale. TROWSE (Eng.) Bel. to Trowse (Norf.), 14th cent. Trowes, Trows [pl.of trow : v. Trow] TROY (Fr.-Lat.-Celt.)Bel. toTroyes (France), anc. Augusta Trecorum, or Tricas(s)i, the chief city of the Gaul, tribe the Tricassii [prob. conn, with O.Ir. tri, by, through, and (as the descriptive pers. element) O.Ir. cas, curly hair (Gael, cas, to curl] Jacobus de Troys alias Troye. — Hund. Rolls. Our troy-weight is derived from this place. TRUBRIDGE = Trowbridge, q.v. TRUE (Eng.) Faithful, Loyal [M.E. tre{o)we, etc., O.E. tredwe} TRUEBODY (Eng.), the i7th-cent. Truboddy, I3th-I4th cent. Treubodie [v. under True, and -I- O.E. bodig^ TRUECOCK (Eng.) = True (q.v.) -|- the E. pet suft. -cock. TRUEFELLOW (Eng.) = True (q.v.), and see under Fellow(e)s. TRUEFIT(T (Eng.) The second element is doubtless for 'foot' [cp. Scot, fit, foot], and the first elem. is more likely to represent the O.E. tredw, 'wood', than O.E. treowe, 'faithful' ; the whole name therefore being equiv. to the present-day Timber-Toes. This is confirmed by the O.N. trS-f6t-r, 'wooden foot or leg. ' TRUELOVE (Eng.) Faithful Love [M.E. trewe-love, O.E. (poet.) tre6w-lufu\ In the 14th cent, this was the name of an aromatic herb (a 'breath-sweetener') — Under his tonge a trewe-love he beer [bare]. — Chaucer, Cant. Tales, A 3692. In the same (Miller's) Tale (A 3714-15) Chaucer has — Alias, quod Absolon, and weylawey, That trewe love was ever so yvel biset I TRUMAr}=-^-«(^-) + E-"- Thomas Treweman. — Hund. Rolls. TRulDAfE^}^^'-°fT''°"«dale,q.v. TRUMBLE (Eng.) I a descendant oftheA.-Sax. Trumbald = Strongly Bold [O.E. trum, strong, firm -|- b(e)ald, bold] 2 a metathetic form of Turnbull, q.v. Trum(in 239 Tuder TRUM(WI (Eiig.) a descendant of a shortened form of one of the A.-Sax. Trum- names {Trumbald,Trumberht,Trummine,eXc)\0.'E.. trum, strong, firm] The Welsh trum, 'a ridge', 'summit', has app. had no surnominal influence. TRUMP = Tr'unn(m (q.v.) with intrus. -p. TRUMPER (A.-Fr.-Teut.) Trumpeter [IVl.E. trumpe, trompe, a trumpet + the agent, suff. -er ; f. l'"r. trompe, O.H.Ger. trumpa, a trumpet] Walter Tromper. — Yorks Poll-Tax, A.D. 1379. TRUMPINGTON (Eug.) Bel. to Trumpington (Camb.), 14th ceat.Trumpyngto(u)n, A.-Sax. *Truminga-tun = the Estate of the Trum(a Family [see under Trum(m, and + -inga, genit. pi. of the 'son' suff. -ing + tiin, estate, etc.] At Trumpyngtoun, nat fer fro Cante- brigge. — Chaucer, Cant.Tales ('RevesTale'),A 3921. TRUNDELLl late forms ofTpendell, Tren- TRUNDLE Idle, q.v. "The Norfolk Trundles are clearly de- scended from the Trendle family in that county, found there so early as 1360". — Bardsley, p. 767. TRUSCOTT (Eng.) Early forms are lacking : the name may represent 'Trut's Cottage' [see under Trott, and + O.E. coi\ TRUSTRAM 1 through earlier Trystram for TRUSTRUM J Tristram, q.v. TRY (Fr.-Lat.) Bel. to Try or Trie (several in France). [see under Tree (Fr.] Gaston de Try. — Paris Directory. TRYMBY, v. Trimby. TUBB (Teut.) the I4th-cent. (Yorks) Tubb, Domesday 7mJ«, A.-Sax. (loth cent.)Tubba, O. Scand. Tubba = O.Ger. Tubo [app. unvoiced forms refble. to O.N. dubba (from which Late O.E. dubbian is bor- rowed), to equip, arm, dub ; cogn. with L.Ger. dubben, to strike] Tubba is recorded as the name of a Danish chief who was wounded at the sack of the monastery at Medeshamstede (Peterborough) c. 870. (Heb.) a dim form of Tobias, q.v. TUBBS, Tube's (Sou) : v. Tubb. TUBBY = Tubb (q.v.) + the E. dim. suff. -y. TUBMAN I Cooper, Tub-maker [L.Ger. tubhe, a tub] 2 TuB(B)'s IVIan (-Servant) : v. Tubb. TUCK (Eng.) the A.-Sax. Tucca, Tuca [prob. f. the stem of O.E. tiician, to adorn] Peter Tnck.— Close Rolls, A.D. 1278. (A.-Scand.) for Took(e, Toke, q.v. TUCKER, V. Tooker. TUCKERMAN i =Tuoker, Tooker (q.v.) + E. man. 2 (the) Tucker's Man (-Servant). TUCKETT I = Tuck (q.v.) + the A.-Fr. dim. suff. -et. Willelmus Tultet. — Yorks Poll-Tax, A.D. 1379- 2 the Fr. Touguet = Corner, Angle, End [O.Fr. tou(c)quet] The South. Fr. tuguet, 'an owl', has prob. had no surnominal influence in this country. TUCKEY \ = Tuck (q.v.) -|- the E. dim. TUCKIE J suff. -ey, -ie. Cp. Tookey. TUCKMANianequiv.ofTucker,Tooker, q.v. 2 Tuck's Man (-Servant) : v. Tuck. TUCKSON, Tuck's Son : v. Tuck. TUCKWELL (Eng.) Dweller at a Draw-Well [f. M.E. tukken. Low Ger. tukken, to pull up, to draw -f M.E. welle, O.E. w(i)ella'] Cp. Tugwell. TUDBALL, a corrupt form of Theod{o)bald : v. Theobald. TUDDENHAM T (Eng.)' Bel. to Tuddenham TU DN AM J (Suff. : A.D. 854 Tuddan-hdm ; Norf.) = Tudda's Home or Estate [the pers. name Tudda, genit. Tuddan-, is a pet form of one of the A.-Sax. Thedd- names — O.E. \e6d = O.Sax. thiod = O.N. JxrfS = Goth, ^iuda, nation, people : — -j- O.E. ham, home, etc.] Joh'es de Tudenham. — Charter Rolls, A.D. 1284-5. TUDHOPE (Eng.) Bel. to Tudhope (early forms lacking) = (prob.)TuD(D) a's Hope or Valley [v. under Tuddenham and Hope] TUDOR \ (Wel.-Gr.) the Wel. Tewdwr, a form TUDER J of Theodore, q.v. Ac y bu uarw Dyfynwal uab Tewdwr (And there died Dyvynwal, son of Tudor). — Brut y Tywysogion {Chron. ofthe\Welsh'\ Princes), A.D. 760. Tudworth 240 Tummons Ac yno y Has Tewdwr uab Einawn. (And there Tudor, son of Einon, was slain).— do. do. A.D. 993. David ap Rese ap Tudder al' Tudor. — Cal. Inq. ad q. Damn., A.D. 1322-3. " Tewdwr : Tlieodore, Tudor". — 'Enwau Personau': Anmyl-Spurrell Diet. (ed. 1915), p. 333. TUDWORTH (Eng.) Bel. toTudworth (Yorks), the Domesday Tudeuuorde = Tud(d)a's Farm or Estate [y. under Tuddenhara, and + O.E. wor^, farm, estate] TUER = Tewer, q.v. TUFF (Eng.) i the A.-Sax. Tuf, Tuffa, a nick- name [f. O.E. ge)\uf, bushy, tufty — I'm/, a tuft ; whence Dial. E. tuff, a tuft, lock] 2 Tough [O.E. tdh^ TUFFILL 1(A.-Fr.-Lat.) Bel. to Touville TUFFIELD I (Eure, Normandy), ancTyovilla, Tyouvilla [Lat, villa, farm, estate : tlie first element is doubtful] TUFFIN,i6th cent.ri!i^«, a form of Tiffin, q.v. TUF(F)NELL (Eng.) Bel. to Tuf(f)nell, early forms of which are lacking ; but analogy points to an A.-Sax. *Tuffan-heall = 'Tuffa's Hall' \Tuffan-, genit. of TufTa (v. Tuff) + O.E. heall, a hall] TUFFS, Tuff's (Son) : v. Tuff. TUFFT 1 (A.-Scand.) var. of Toft, q.v. [O.N. TUFT J tupt, topt (p as/), a homestead] TUG MAN for Tuokman, q.v. TUGWELL (Eng.) Dweller at a Draw- Well [f. M.E. toggen, conn, with Low Ger. tukken, to pull or draw up -|- M.E. welle, O.E. w(i)elld\ Cp. Tuckwell. TUITE (A.-Fr.-Scand.) Bel. to Tuit or Thuit (Normandy) = the Thwaite or Clearing [O.N. ^ueit, whence Norw. tveit, a clearing] " Sir Richard de Tuite, Knt., accom- panied Strongbowto Ireland in 11 72, and d. 121 1, leaving two sons, Sir Richard de Tuite, Knt., surnamed the Black, and Maurice Tuite, ancestor of Tuite of Sonagh." — Burke's Peerage, etc., s.n. 'Tuite'. Cocheris, in his 'Noras de Lieu' (p. S8), erroneously attributes the T(h)uit names in Normandy (e.g. Thuit Anger and Thuit Signol in the Dept. Eure, and Braquetuit and Carquetuit in tlie Dept. Seine-lnf6rieure) to the Scand. toft. TUKE, a Scot, form of Tooke, q.v. TULETT, v. Tullett. TULK (Scand.) Interpreter, Spokesman [O.N. tulk-r ; whence mod.5cand. tolk, an interpreter, translator] But in the Middle-English period tulke, or tolke, somewhat vaguely denoted a 'soldier', "knight', 'personage'. TULL (A.-Fr.-Lat.) a French form of the Lat. Tiill-us, Tulli-us [orig. obscure] TULLETT = Tull (q.v.)-|-the Fr. dim. suff. -et. In addition to Tullet, we find in France the forms Tullat, Tullot, and Tullon. TULLEY, V. Tully. TULLIS, Tully's (Son) : v. Tully. TULLOCH 1 (Celt.) Bel. to Tulloch (Scotl.) ; TULLOCK J or Dweller at a Hillock [Gael. (and Ir.) tulacK] TULLY (A.-Fr.-Lat. -|- Celt.) Bel. to Tully (Somme) = TuLLius's Estate [M.Lat. *TuUiacum:dc-um, the Lat.-Gaul. possess. suff.] (Celt.) I the Ir. Tuile—MacTuile, O'Tuile [cp. Ir. tuile, a flood] 2 the Ir. Tdithliagh — O'Tdithligh [Ir. tdithlia{i)gh, a surgeon] The various Irish places called Tully are from Ir. tulach, 'a hillock': cp.Tulloch. TUMBER (Eng.) Tumbler, Dancer [M.E. tumber{e, O.E. tumherel TUMELTY \ (Celt.) Big, Bulky \lr.Tomaltach TUMILTY J— filial form Mac Tomaltaigh, nepotic form O' Tomaltaigh \ tomalt, size, bulk -t- the pers. sufi. -acK\ Tomaltach, tighearna Ciauachta Glinne Geimhin, d6cc. {Tumilty, lord of Cianachta, etc., died). — Annals of the Four Masters, A.D. 752. According to Concannon.'Mion-Chomh- rddh', p. 129, 'Thomas' has been used to replace the Ir. 'Tomaltach'. TUMMON for Tom-Man, i.e. Tom's Man (-Servant) : v. Tom, Thomas. In the Yorks Poll-Tax, a.d. 1379, we find Tomman, Thomeman, and Thomasman as surnames. TUMMOND = Tummon (q.v.) with the com- mon post -« excresc. -d. TUMMONS, Tummon's (Son) : v. Tummon. Tumson 241 Turn bull TUMSON, a form of Thomson, q.v. Robert Tumson. — Lane. Inq. (1915), A.D. 1346. TUNBRIDGE (Celt. + Eng.) Bel. to Tunbridge orTonbridge (Kent), 14th cent.Tonebrigge, 13th cent. Tonebrugge, nth cent. Tonhrucg = the Bridgk over the R. Tun or Ton(e ip.E. brycg: for the river-name cp. the Somersetshire Tone, earlier Tan ; prob. conn, with O.Ir. tdn, water] Prior de Tonebrigge. — Inq. ad q. Damn., A.D. 1325-6. TUNDER tor Tunner, q.v. TUNKS = Tonks, q.v. TUNLEY, V. Townley. More specifically Tunley, Glouc. TUNNARD, V. Townherd. TUNNELER (A.-Fr.) the M.E. toneler, toneleur, Fr. tonnelier = a Cooper, Cask-IMaker [f. O.Fr. tonnel (mod. Fr. tonneau), a tun or cask : the stem is prob. ult. of Celt, orig.] TUNNER (Eng.) Cooper, Cask-Maker [M.E. O.E. tunne (prob. ult. Celt.), a cask + the agent, suff. -ere] TUNNICLIFF(E ] Bel. to Tunniclifif (Roch- TUNNECLIFF(E Idale), 17th cent. Tunnicliffe, TUNNACLIFF(E J earlier Tunaleclif [M.E. clifife, O.E. clif, a cliff: the first element is prob. for tunnel, O.Fr. tonnelle — the whole name therefore denoting a cliff, or rock, into which a tunnel had been driven] TUN NOCK (Eng.) 13th- 14th cent. Tunnok, 1 2th cent. Tunnoc, repr.. the A.-Sax. pers. name Tun(n)a with the dim. suff. -oc [f. O.E. tun, va., garden, manor, world] TUNSTALL 1 (Eng.) Bel. to Tunstall (a com- TUNSTELL !■ mon Eng. place-name), A.-Sax. TUNSTILL J r«'«jteaH= the Farm or Manor Stabi,e(s [O.E. tun, farm, etc. -|- steall, stall, stable] TUNSTEAD (Eng.) Bel. to Tunstead (a fairly common Eng. place-name) = the Village [O.E. ttinstede] TUN WRIGHT (Eng.) Cask-Maker; Cooper [M.E. tunwryght ; O.E. tunne, a cask -|- wyrhta, a maker] TUP ) (Scand.) a nickname from, the Ram TUPP([Dial. E. tup, a ram; prob. Scand. tupp, a cock, with transferred meaning] TUPHERD (Scand.) Tup-Herd [v. under Tup, and + O.N. hir^i-r, a herdsman] Willelmus Tuphird. — Yorks Poll-Tax, A.D. 1379. I for Turberville, q.v. TUPMAN = Tup (q.v.) -|- E. man; more specif., a Breeder of Tups or Rams. Tupman, sb., a breeder of, or dealer in, tups.— MiW. Agric. Gloss. (1790). TUPPER = Tup(p (q.v.) -|- the E. agent, suff. -er: equiv. to Tupman, q.v. Cp. Buller, Calver. TURBEFIELD TURBYFIELD TURBERVILLE IfFr.) Bel. to Turberville, TURBURVILLE / 13th - cent. Hundred and other Rolls Turbervile, Turbervill ; doubt- less an obscure spot in N. France = Turbert's Estate [the French pers. name Turbert = Torbert (qv) ; Lat. villa, estate, farm] TURBETT ^ TURBITT TURBOT(T forms of Torbet(t, etc., Tor- TURBAT(t bert, q.v. TURBUT TURBERT ■' Turbert, Turbot, Turbut, occur in our I2th-i3th cent. Rolls. TURCK 1 (A. - Fr. - Tatar) Turk [Fr. Turc; TURK /said to be ult. f. a Tatar word meaning 'brave'] William le Turc— Hund. Rolls. (Celt.) Boar [Wei. twrch = Gael, and Ir. tore (genit. tuirc), a boar] Twrch mab Ann was. — ' Kulhwch ac Olwen' ; Mabinogion. A rare A.-Sax. pers. name Turea, seen , in the 8th-cent. Turcandenu (Turkdean, Glouc.) and Tureanwyll ('Cart. Sax', no. 165), has prob. had no surnominal in- fluence. TURKINGTON = Torkington, q.v. TURLE;}forTeaHe, q.v. TURLEY = Torley, q.v. TURLOUGH = Tonlogh, q.v. TURNBULL (Eng.) a nickname of courage and strength, Turn-the-Bull [f. O.E. turnian, to turn -)- 6m;-] The well - known incident of King Robert Bruce being saved from the fury of one of the white bulls in Stirling Park is recounted in Bellenden's (i6th cent.) translation of Boece's 'Scotorum Hist.' — It is said. King Robert Bruce, eftir his coroiiatioun, went to ane hunting in this wod, havaud bot ane quiet cumpanie Turnell 242 Turton with him, and eschapit narowlie of his leif; for ane of the bullis, eftir that he wes sair woundit be the huntaris, ruschit feirs- lie on the king, howbeit he had na wapinnis in his hand to debait himself fra the dint thairof. Incontinent, ane man of gret spreit, quhilk wes standing neir by, lap afore the king ; and nocht allanerlie [only] kest the bull be manifest force to the erd, bot held him, quhill the remanent huntaris slew him with thair wappinnis. This man that rescoursit the king wes callit Turnbull, and wes rewardit with riche landis be the king. Cp. the French Tournebauf [Fr. bceuf (Lat. bos, bovis), an ox, bull]. France has also Toumebulle — Les Tournebulle de Champagne portent d'azur k trois tetes de buffle. — Larchey, p. 466. TURNELL (Eng.) As this is specifically a Yorks surname the connexion is evidently with the place-name Thornhill (Domesday Tamil) in that county: v. Thornhill. There do not seem to be any grounds for association with the Fr. tournelle, 'a small tower'. TURNER I (A.-Fr.-Lat. & Eng.) Lathe- TURNOR \ Worker [M.E. t{o)urnour, t(o)ur- TURNOURJ KM>-, t{o)urner; f. M.E. t(o)urnen, Fr. tourner (Lat. tomare), to turn ; and O.E. turnian\ Geoffrey le Turner. — Hund. Rolls, A.D. 1274 Aylbricht le Turnur. — do. Will'us Tumour. — Inq. ad q. Damn., A.D. 1421-2. Tourneur and Letourneur (rarely Le Tourneur) are common surnames in France. (Fr. - Lat.) i One from Le Tourneur (Calvados, Norm.), a.d. 1155 Tourneor = (prob.) (the Place of) the Turner [Fr. tourneur, a turner] 2 for the French Tournier = Tourna- ment-Champion [Fr. tournier, 'champion de tournois, homme qui dgfie volontiers plusieurs combattants en champ clos' ; f. tourner, O.Fr. torner, Lat. tomare, to turn] TURNEY 1 (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Bel. toTournai, Tour- TURNAY / nay, or Tourny (all in Normandy), M.Lat. Torneium, Turneium = Tornus' or Turnus' Estate {-eium, possess, suff.] The forms in our i3th-i4thcent. records were de Turney, Turnai, Torney. TURNHAM (Eng.) Bel. to Turnham : (i) Turn- ham (Hall), Yorks ; (2) Turnham (Green), M'sex [the first element represents O.E. ^yrne, a thorn-tree: the second may be either O.E. ham(m, an enclosure, piece of land, or for the O.E. dat. pi. suff. -uni\ The Yorks place was Turneham in the Poll-Tax A.D. 1379, and Thurnham and Turnham in the Charter-Rolls A.D. 1 199- 1200. Thurnham, N.Lancs, Tiernum in Domesday-Bk., was consistently Thirnum or Thymum in the 13th cent., pointing to the dat. pi. suff. -um. Thornham, Kent, was Turneham in Domesday-Bk. TURNOR 1 turnour}^"""'^^'^'^"'""^''- TURNPENNY] (Eng.) a nickname for an TURNPENY J adept at what is now called 'Pitch and Toss,' or some similar coin- turning game [f. M.E. t{p)mnen, O.E. turnian -f- ^.^.peny, O.TS., peni{n)g\ Nicholas Turnepeny. — Hund. Rolls. TURPI N (A.-Fr.-Scand.) the French Turpin, a descendant of the O.Scand. Thorfinn-r = Thor-Finn [v. under Thor, and + the ethnic name Finn-r] Turfi n . — Domesday-Bk. John Turpin. — Hund. Rolls. The eighth-cent, archbishop of Rheims of this name figures in the 'Chanson de Roland' (1. 170) — Li due Oger et 1' arcevesque Turpin. In the Pfaflen Konrad's twelfth-cent. German version of the 'Chanson' he is called "ther biscof Turpin." 'His name' (quoth he), 'if that thou list to learne. Is hight Sir Turpine, one of mickle might'. — Spenser, The Faerie Queene, VI. m. xl. TURRELL \ (A.-Fr.-Scand.) theFrench Turrel, TIRRELL J a descendant of the O.Scand. Thor(u)ald-r: v. under Thorald, and cp. Tirrell. TURTILLl (A.-Lat.) a nickname from the TURTLE / Turtle-Dove [M.E. turtel, turrtle, O.E. turtle, f., turtla, m.; Lat. turtur] And oxe, and cullfre [O.E. culfre, dove], and turrtle. — Ormulum, 1. 989. Soul [sole] as the turtel that hath lost hire make [mate]. — Chaucer, Cant. Tales, E 2080. (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Crooked [Fr. ToMrfe/ (later Tourteau), a dim. f. Lat. tort-us, crooked] TURTON (Eng.) Bel. to Turton (Lanes), 13th- 14th cent. Turton = the Tower-Dwel- ling [M.E. tur, Late O.E. tHr (Lai. turris), a tower + M.E. -ton, O.E. tiin, residence, estate] Turvey 243 Twining Turton Tower is one of the most in- teresting structures in tlie neighbourhood of Bolton. — Lane. Legends, p. 59. TURVEY "I (Eng.) Bel. to Turvey (Beds) [prob. TURVY J O.E. turf-haga, grassy enclosure (with lost A-) ; but if the Domesday forms Torvei and Torveie, and a later Turfeye, were to be trusted, the second element would be O.E. i(e)g, island, riparian land] TUSHINGHAM (Eng.) Bel. to Tushingham (Chesh.), A.D. 1303-4 Tussingham, A.-Sax. *Tuscinga-hdm = the Home of the Tusc(a Family [the pers. name is app. a nickname from O.E. tiisc, a tusk (dial., and in Shak., 'tush'), large tooth -|- -inga, genit. pi. of the fil. suff. -ing -t- ham, home, estate] TUSLER (Eng.) a var. of Teasler, q.v. ; and cp. Towzer. TUSON = Tewson, q.v. TUSTIN (A.-Fr.-Scand.) the French Toustin, Toustain, for earlier Turstein, O.N. Thor- stein{n: v. under Thunstan. Turstin-us. — Domesday-Bk. Toutainville, Eure, Normandy, earlier Toustainville, was anc. Turstini villa. = Tooth ill, q.v. TUTHILL TUTILL TUTTLE TUTT \ (Eng.) the A.-Sax. pers. name Tut{a, TUTTE J TM(a [prob. conn, with the O.Teut. Thiuda-,Thiot{a- names : see underTheed] TUXBURY for Tewkesbury, q.v. TUXFORD (Scand. -f Eng.) Bel. to Tuxford (Notts), i3th-i4th cent.r«fe5/orrf=TuKE's or Toke's Ford [v. Toke, and-l-O.E./ord] TWADDELL \ corrupt forms of Tweed(d)ale, TWADDLE . 1 corn /q.v. TWAITS = Thwaits, q.v. TWAMLEY \^ Twemlow TWAMLOW;^' 'wemiow. TWEDDELL 1 (i6th cent.Tweddel) forTweed- TWEDDLE J(d)ale, q.v. TWEED (Celt.) Dweller by the R. Tweed, 14th cent. Twede, i2th cent. Tweda, 8th cent. Tuidus [prob. conn, with O.Wel. tyWiad, a spreading ; tyw, that which overspreads] TWEEDALE ] (Celt, f Eng.) Dweller in the TWEEDDALE ITweed- Valley [v. Tweed, TWEEDLE J and -f- O.E. diell TWEEDIE 1 (17th cent. Twedy) shortened TWEEDY I forms of Tweed(d)ale, q.v. TWEEDLEY (Celt. -|- Eng.) Dweller at the Tweed-Lea [v. Tweed, and -t- O.E. ledK] TWELL, an aphseretic form of Attewell, q.v. TWELLS, genit. of Twell. TWELVES, an imit. form of Twells. TWEMLOW (Eng.) Bel. toTwemlow (Chesh.), 13th - 14th cent. Twemlowe = (At) the Double Hill or Tumulus [O.E. twdm,. dat. of twegeii, m., two -|- hloewe, dat. of hl(kw, m., a mound, etc.] TWENTYMAN for Twinterman, q.v. TWICEADAY TWICEDAY i V. Twis(a)day. TWICHELL, v. Twitchell. TWICKENHAM (Eng). Bel. to Twickenham (M'sex), loth cent. Tuuiccanham, Tuiccan- ham, A.D. 790 (or 793) Tuicanhamme, A.D. 704 Tuican horn (all Latin charters) [O.E. twic{c)en, a junction (usually of roads, but also of streams) -j- ham(m, an enclo- sure, piece of land] Its ancient name was . . . , referring to its situation between two streams or brooks that flow into the Thames at either end of the village. -iVa?. Gaz. (1868). TWIDALE TWIDDLE TWIDDY\v. Tweedie, Tweedy, Tweed- TWIDY J (d)ale. TWIFORD, V. the commoner form Twyford. TWIGG I (Eng.) Scion, Cadet [O.E. twig = TWIGGEJ Dut. twijg, a twig, branch, scion, etc. (=Ger. zweig, branch, scion, etc.] I for Tweedale, q.v. TWIN TWINE TWINN (Eng.) Twin [O.E. ge)tivinn] TWINEHAM 1 TWINEM U. Twynham. TWINHAM J TWINING (Eng.) Bel. to Twining (Glouc), the Domesday Tueninge, A.D. 814 (Lat. charter) Bituinceum = Between Streams [O.E. betwin, etc., between + ed(u)m, edn, dat. pi. of ed, a stream] The village ... is situated on the road from Gloucester to Worcester, be- tween the rivers Severn and Avon. — Nat. Gas. Twink 244 Tyar TWINK (Eng.) a nickname from the Spink or Chaffinch [Dial. (West.) E.] Twink, a chaffinch. — Leigh, Chesh. Gloss-, p. 216. TWINTERMAN (Eng.) Herdsman, Shep- herd ; more specif., the man who tended the two-year-old animals [Dial. E. : f. O.E. twi-wintre, of two winters (years] A cow-calf is called a twinter or stirk during its third year. — Leic. Gloss., p. 280. Twinter, a sheep of two winters. — Cumbd. Gloss; p. 107. The Cleveland Gloss. (Addit.), as well as twinter, a two-winter sheep, has thrinter, a three-winter sheep. TWIS(A)DAY'I (Eng.) a name given to a child TWISEDAY J born on a Tuesday (or to a foundling discovered on that day) [O.E. Tiwes-dtEg, Tiw's Day] The spelling Twysontheday mentioned by a correspondent of 'Notes & Queries' (2gth April, 1916, p. 351) as occurring in a Patent Roll of 1411 shows that a late mediaeval scribe thought that the name Twisaday meant 'Twice a day'. TWISDEN (Eng.) Bel. to Twysden (Kent), 13th cent. Twysden = the Twin (Double) Valley [O.E. ge)twisi, twin + denu, valley] TWISLE (Eng.) Dweller at a River-Fork [O.E. twisld] TWISS "1 (Eng.) Twin [O.E. ge)twisa — twi-, TWISSE J double] TWISSELL = Twisle, q.v. TWIST for Twiss, q.v. About 1 590-1620 members of the same Kenyon (Lane.) family were called 'Twiss' and 'Twist.' TWITCHELL. Dweller in an Alley or Nar- row Passage [Dial. E. twitchel(l] Twitchell, sb., a narrow passage or alley between houses. — Leic. Gloss., p. 280. TWITCHEN TWITCHIN TWITCHING twychen, (Eng.) ■ Dwell. Bel. to Twitchen ; or weller at the Two-Roads' Meet (Lat. biviiim) [M.E. twichen, O.E. twicen(e, 'place where two roads meet'] Twitchen, Devon, is prob. referred to in the Hundred-Rolls (Devonsh.) entry 'Richard de la Twichena.' TWITE for Thwalte, q.v. TWOGOOD = Toogood, q.v. TWOHIG (Celt.) the Irish O'Tuathaigh: v. Toohy. TWOHILL, V. Toole, O'TooIe. TWOMEYl T- , , TWOOMY / = Toom(e)y, q.v. TWOM(B)LOWl ( T I TWOM(B)LEY j ^""^ Twemlow, q.v. TWOYEAROLD (Eng.) a nickname for a ten- der of two-year-old animals : cp. Twin- terman. This clumsy surname seems to have died out in the 17th or iSth century. TWYCROSS (Eng.) Bel. to Twycross ; or Dweller at the Double Cross [M.E. O.E. twi-, double -|- M.E. cros, O.N. kross] TWYDELL for Tweed(d)ale, q.v. TWYFORD (Eng.) Bel. to Twyford, 13th cent, usually Twyford; or Dweller at the Double Ford [O.E. twi-, double -|- ford] Thomas de Twiford, Mason. — Inq. ad q. Damn., A.D. 1354. Thomas de Twyford, Mason. — do. do. A.D. 1356. TWYMAN for Twyn(h)am, q.v. TWYNHAM 1 (Eng.) Bel. to Twynham (now TWYNAM J Christchurch, Hants),^ituated between the rivers Avon and Stour. [Although Twynham — O.E. be)twyn, etc., between — occurs in a late copy of a charter of K. jEthelstan ('Cart. Sax.' no. 738), the second element, -ham, is prob. really for the dat. pi., ed{u)m, of O.E. ed, a river ; it is, in fact, usually stated that the 'aet Tweoxnedm' of the A.-Sax. Chron., A.D. 901, refers to Christchurch; but this is not likely for more than one reason] Twynham was once a place of con- siderable importance, and is more likely than the Sussex Twineham (which is prob. of the same etymology) to have given surnames — In Edward the Confessor's reign the priory contained one prior and 24 canons, and afterwards fell into the hands of Ralph Flarabard, Bishop of Durham, upon whom it was bestowed by William II., and who rebuilt the Church, dedicating it to Christ. It was on this occasion that the town assumed its present appellation of Christchurch, instead of its ancient xiai^e, Twyneham. — Nat. Gaz., s.n. 'Christchurch.' TWYNING = Twining, q.v. TYACK "1 (Celt.) Farmer, Husbandman TYACKE J [Corn, tyac = Wei. taiawg, taeog] TYAR, V. Tyep. Tyars 245 Uden TYARS, V. Tyeps. TYAS \ (A.-Fr.-Teut.) Teuton, German TYEAS I [A.-Fr. O.Fr. tyeis, tyois, tyes. this, M.H.Ger. tiusch, tiutsch ; cogn. with Dutch and Teutonic] Waleiand le Tyeis. — Hund. Rolls. Avoit une coustume ens el tiois pays . . . Adonc tenoient Franc les Tiois por amis. — Berie aus grans pies, V. TYDD = Tidd, q.v. TYDEMAN = Tiddeman, q.v. TYE (Eng.) Dweller at a Common, Croft, or Enclosure [M.E. and Dial. E. tye, O.E. tyg, tiag\ Hugh de la Tye. — Hund. Rolls (Sussex). Tye, Tie, sb., an extensive common pasture. — Diet. Kent. Dial., p. 180. A croft callid Wohies Tie. — MS. Accts. St. Dunstan's, Cant. (1510). There are places called Tye Green in Essex and Suffolk. (Celt.) for Tighe, MacTighe, q.v. TYER (Celt.) Tiler [Corn, tyor, a tiler; f. ty, to coverj TYERMAN (Fr. + Eng.) Tireman ; Dress- Dealer ; Costumier ; Head-Dresser [tire, tyer, is for the M.E. atir, atyr{e, attire, dress, head-dress ; f. atiren, atyren, to attire, adorn, O.Fr. atirier, to adorn] Tireman, a dealer in ornamental clothing . . . Tirewoman, a milliner. — T. Wright, Prov. Diet., p. 965. TYERS, Tver's (Son) : v. Tyer. ^^ I v. Tighe, MacTighe. TYG TYG TYHURST (Eng.) Dweller at the Tye- Wood [v. under Tye, and -|- M.E. hurst, O.E. hyrst, a wood] TYLDESLEY = Tildesley, q.v. TYLEE 1 (Eng.) Dweller at a Tile-field or TYLEY J Brick-field [O.E. tigel leak] TYLER \ (Eng.) Tile- or Brick-Maker TYLOR J [M.E. iyler(e, tiler{e, tygheler(e; i. O.E. tigele, a tile, brick + the agent, suff. -ere] TYMMANY for TImpany, q.v. TYMS = Tims, q.v. TYNAN (Celt.) the Irish O'Teimhneain (mh mute) = Descendant of Teimhnean [the pers. (nick-) name is a double dim. f. Ir. t^mh, a veil, cover] TYNDALL } = ^indale, Tindall, q.v. TYNE (Celt.) i Dweller at the R. Tyne [the connexion seems to be with O.Erse tain, water] There is also a R. Tyne in Scotland. 2 the Irish O'TVimAra (wA mute) [f. the same stem as Tynan, q.v. ; with the dim. suff. -in] TYNEIVIOUTH (Celt. + Eng.) Bel. to Tyne- mouth = the Mouth of the R. Tyne [v. under Tyne, and -f- O.E. tniiva] TYRE = Tyer, q.v. TYRER, lit. Attirer, the equiv. of Tyerman, q.v. TYRRELL, v. Tirrell. Henry Tyre). — Hund. Rolls. TYRWHITT, V. Trewhitt. TYSON I = Tyas's Son : v. Tyas. 2 for Dyson, q.v. TYTE, V. Tite, Titus. TYTHERINGTON, v. Titherington. TYTHERLEIGH, v. Titherleigh. TYTLER (Eng.) Tatler [M.E. titeler, f. titelen, titeren, to tattle ; conn, with Low Ger. tateln, to tattle] Of alle tale-telleris And titeleris . . . — Piers Plowman, 14523-4. TYZACK (Fr.) Bel. to Tizac (Gironde) = (prob.) Titius's Estate [M.Lat. *Titi- acum—dc-um, the Lat.-Gaul. possess, suff.] u UBANK (Eng.) Dweller at the Yew-Bank [O.E. iw; and see under Banl<] UCHTRED, V. Ughtred. nnil"^ 1 (Eng-) Bel. to Udale or Yewdale = UDELL J "'^ Yew- Valley [O.E. iw + dal] There are a Yewdale near Coniston Water and a Udale Beck flowing into the Lune. UDEN (Eng.) Dweller at the Yew- Valley [O.E, iw + denu] Udy 246 Umpleby UDY (Teut.) 1 6th cent. Udie, the Domesday Udi [app. f. a var. of O.N. awS-r = O.Sax. dd (= O.E. edd), prosperity, riches, luck] Uda occurs as the name of a monk in the 'Liber Vitae Dunelm.' ; and Udd is found in England in the eighth cent. The Continental forms preclude a derivation f. O. Wei. udd, a 'chief, 'lord'. UFF (Eng.) the A.-Sax. Uf{f)a [f. O.E. «/, m. (= Svved. uf), owl] (Scand.) an assim. form of the O.N. Ulf-r = O.E. Wulf. UFFINGTON (Eng.) Bel. to UfSngton : i the A.-Sax. *Uffingatun = the Estate of the Uffa Family [v. under UfT, and + O.E. -inga, genit. pi. of the fil. suff. -ing + tun, estate, etc.] 2 the A.-Sax. C/^a«fMK = Uff A 's Estate \Uffan-, genit. of Uffa; and -|- O.E. tuti] The Berks Uffington occurs as Uffentiin (for Uffantun) c. a.d. 930 ; and an Uffentiin occurs in a loth-cent. Durham charter ('Cart. Sax.' no. 685). UFFORD (Eng.) Bel. to Ufford (Northants : anc. Ufforde; Suff.: 13th cent. Ufford), A.-Sax. *Uffa{n)ford = Uffa's Ford \Uffan-, genit. of TJffa (v. under Uff) ; and + O.E. ford] The Uffawyr^ [O.E. wyr^, worlS, estate] of a Northants charter dated a.d. 948 prob. relates to the same proprietor who is connoted in the Ufford nr. Stamford. UGLOW (Eng.) Dweller at Ugga's (Buiial-) Mound [A.-Sax. *Uggan-hl«ZOT)«6«,J7»/owJ! (which is usually said to be Anlaby) ='*Hunleif's Uncles 847 Upton Estate [the pers. name corresponds to the A.-Sax. Hunldf, and is a compd. of Hun-, the ethnic name, and O.N. leif = O.E. Idf, relic, heritage : 1- O.N. by-r, farm, estate] UNCLES 1 (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Uncle's (Son) [M.E. UNKLESj MMcte, tinkle; Fr. onde; Lat. avun- cul-us\ UNDERDOWN (Eng.) Dweller Under the Down or Hill [O.E. under; dun, dat. dune'] Richard Underdoune. — Testa de Nevill. UNDERHAY (Eng.) Dweller Under the Hedge or Hedged Enclosure [O.E. under ; and v. Hay] UNDERHILL (Eng.) Dweller Under the Hill [O.E. under; hyll] William Underhiil.— ffM«d. Rolls. UNDERWOOD (Eng.) Dweller Under the Wood [O.E. under ; wudu, dat. wuda] John Underwode. — Hund. Rolls, A.D. 1274. Adam Undirwode. — Vale Royal Ledger-Bk., A.D. 1280. UNDRELLfor Underhill, q.v. UNETT, i6th cent. Unet, is app. the O.Scand. pers. name Une [prob. f. O.N. una, to be happy] with the Fr. dim. suff. -et. UNSWORTH (Scand. + E.) Bel. to Unsworth (Lauc.) = Unn's Farm or Estate [Undeswortk is the form in 1322 ('Extent Manor, Mchstr.'), but the d is -prob. the common post-n intrusion, and the pers. name the O.Scand. Unn-r (mod. Unn and Und), f. O.N. unna, to love : h O.E. KiortS, farm, etc.] This name is occ. for H unsworth, q.v. UNTHANK (Eng.) Bel. to Unthank (a fairly common Eng. place-name), 14th cent. Unthank, 13th cent. Unthanc, denoting land settled upon 'without leave' of the lord of the manor [O.E. un\anc, displeasure, ill- will, in the genit. case signifying 'against one's will', 'without leave' ; as clearly shown, e.g., in the A.-Saxon Chronicle, A.D. 901, where one MS. has "blitan |)Bes cyninges I6afe" (without the King's leave) and another "faes cynges unjiances''] UNWIN (Eng.) I the 13th cent. Unwine, 12th cent. Unwin-us [evid. the A.-Sax. unwine, enemy; lit. 'not a friend' — ««-, negative prefix, and wine, friend = O.N. uvin-r] (rarely) 2 the A.-Sax. Unwene ('fseder Unwenes'. — WfdsfS, 230) [O.E. unwene, unexpected — un-, negative prefix] UPCHER, V. Upsher. UPCHURCH (Eng.) Bel. to Upchurch ; or Dweller at the Upper or High Church [O.E. Up + cirice] Upchurch, Kent, was Upcherche in the 13th cent. UPCOTT (Eng.) Bel. toUpcott, I3th-I4thcent. Uppecot{e, Upcote; or Dweller at the Upper or High Cottage [O.E. Up + coi\ This is a West. Eng., esp. Devonshire, name. UPCRAFT (Eng.) Dweller at the Upper or High Croft [O.E. up ; and see Craft] UPFIELD (Eng.) Dweller at the Upper or High Field [O.E. up + feld] UPFILL for Upfield. UPFOLD (Eng.) Dweller at the Upper or High Fold [O.E. up + fal(o)d, a fold, pen, stall] UPHAM (Eng.) Bel. to Upham (Hants, Wilts, etc.), 13th cent. Upham; or Dweller at the Upper Enclosure or Dwelling [O.E. up -\- ham(m] UPHILL (Eng.) Bel. to Uphill, 13th cent. Uppehull, Uppehill; or Dweller at the High or Lofty Hill [O.E. tip + hyll\ UPJOHN (Celt. -I- Heb.) a corrupt form of the Wei. Ap-John = Son of John, q.v. [Wei. ap, ab, son (of] UPPERTON (Eng.) Bel. to Upperton ; or Dweller at the Upper or Higher Farm- stead or Village [cp. Upton] There are an Upperton in Sussex and an Upper Town in Cumberland. UPRICHARD (Celt. + Teut.) a corrupt form of the Wei. Ap-Richard : v. Pritchard. UPRIGHT (Eng.) Upright, Erect [M.E. O.E. apriht] UPSALL (Eng.) Bel. to Upsall' (N. Yorks), 13th cent. Upsal(e, Domesday Upesale, Upsale = the Upper or High Hall [O.E. up -\- sat] UPSHER "1 (Eng.) Bel. to Upshire (Essex) = UPSHIRE J the Upper or High District or Parish [O.E. Ap + scir] UPSON, a syncopated form of Upstone, q.v. UPSTONE (Eng.) Dweller at the Upper or High Stone or Rock, or Stone Castle [O.E. up + stdn] UPTON (Eng.) Bel. to Upton (acommon Eng. place-name), 13th cent. Upton, A.-Sax. Uptiin = the Upper or High Farmstead or Village [O.E. up -\- t4n] upward 348 Utrickson UPWARD for Upwood, q.v. UPWOOD (Eng,) Bel. to Upwood ; or Dweller at the Upper or High Wood [O.E. tip + wudu] Upwood, Hunts, was Upwode in the 13th cent., Upwude (a dat. form) in a loth cent. Latin charter. URAN, see the commoner form Urian. URBAN (A.-Lat.) Urbane [Lat. Urban-us, belonging to a city (urbs\ URCY 1 (Fr.) One from Urcy, Urjay (France), URSY J the M.Lat. Ursiacum = i\\e Estate of Ursus [the pers. name is Lat. ursus, a bear ; the suff. is the Lat. -Gaul, possess. -dc-um\ URE (Celt.) Dweller by the R. Ure [O.Celt. ar, fresh, pure] UREN (Scand.) a nickname: Impure, Un- chaste [Dan.-Norw. uren — «, negative + ren, pure, etc.] URIAN 1 forms (Urien, esp., being Welsh) of URIEN [ the Lat. Uranius, Uranus, Gr. Oipavds URION J = the Heavenly One [f. Gr. oipa,v6s, heaven] Owain mab Urien. — Mabinogion, etc. Urien, Rhydderch, and others, who warred with Hussa, king of Bernicia from 567 to 574, figure very conspicuously in old Welsh poetry.— Rhys, Celt. Brit. (ed. 1908), p. 145. John fil. Vnan.—Hund. Rolls. URIDGE (Eng.) Bel. toUridge (ace. to Lower a Sussex name occurring as Eweregge in the 14th cent.) = the Ewe-Ridge [O.E. ho{e -f hrycg\ uRLmG}f°'-"'"^'"-q- URLWIN (Eng.) the 13th - cent. Urlewyn,, Domesday Urlewine, A.-Sax. Eorlwine = Earl-Friend [O.E. eorl, nobleman, chief, earl -f wine, friend] URMSON I for Urmston, q.v. 2 for Orm(e)8oni q.v. URMSTON (A.-Scand.) Bel. to Urmston (Lane), I3th-i4th cent. Urmeston = \3rm's Estate or Farmstead [the genit. of Urm, the Anglicized form of O.N. Orm-r (v. Opm(e) -f O.E. tun, farm, etc.] URQUHART (Celt.) Bel. to Urquhart, a fairly common Scot, place - name, occurring 1 2th- 14th cent, as Urchard; but we get the real clue to the meaning of the name from the reference to the Inverness Urquhart in Adamnan's Life of St. Columba (III. xiv.) as Airchartan (with -dn dim. suff.) [prob. Gael, and Ir. air, on, at -f the asp. form oi cart (Lat. guart-us), a quarter, fourth part : cp. the Cartron (Fr. quarteron, a fourth part), 'a quarter of land', of Irish place-nomenclature ; and Eng. farthing (O.E. fedr^ung, a fourth part), 'a division of land', also found in place-names] URRY (Teut.) an assim. form of the Domesday Ulric, Uluric, representing the O.N. form, Ulfrik-r, of the common A.-Sax. Wulfric = Wolf-Powerful. Simon Urri. — Hund. Rolls. (Celt.) Bel. to Urray (Ross& Cromarty), 16th cent. Urray, Uurray [prob. the first element is the river-name Ure (v. Ure), and the second for Gael, achadh, a field] URSWICK (Eng.) Bel. to Urswick (Lane), 13th cent. Urswyk, Urswyke, Ursewik, Urswic =IJrsa.'s Place [O.E. wic, a place: the pers. name is prob. f. O.E. yrsian, to be angry] URWICK, a weak form of Urswick, q.v. URWIN for Irwin, q.v. URY, V. Urry. USBORN(E for Osborn(e, q.v. USHER "1 (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Doorkeeper [M.E. USSHZR ] uschere, uss{h)er, O.Fr. ussier (Fr. huissier), Lat. ostiarius, doorkeeper] The iisshers and the squiers been y-goun [gone]. — Chaucer, Cant. Tales, F 293. USHERWOOD, V. Isherwood. USK (Celt.) Dweller by the R. Usk, anc. Isca [O.Celt, use- (c as k), as in O.Ir. usee, uisce, mod. Ir. uisge, Gael. uisg{e = Wei. wysg, water, stream] UTLEY (Eng.) Bel. to Utley (Yorks), the Domesday Utelai, A.-Sax. *Ut{t)an-ledh = Ut(t)a's Lea [the pers. name Ut{t)a {Utta was the name of a priest — abbot of Gateshead — mentioned more than once in Beda's 'Hist. Eccl.') is prob. f. O.E. ylan (base iit, out), to expel, banish] I cannot trace that there has been any confusion with Otley. UTRICK (Eng.) a North-eastern descendant of the A.-Sax. pers. name U\>elric, Oe^elric [f. O.E. oe^el, country, native land, home-f- ricla, ruler] UTRICKSON, Utrtck's Son : v. Utrick. Uttermare 249 Vass UTTERMARE HA.-Fr.-Lat.) for the French UTT ERMERE S d'Oulremer = From Beyond THE Sea(s (Across the Channel) [Fr. outre, O.Fr. oltre, Lat. ultra, beyond + Fr. mer, Lat. mare, sea] UTTERSON I Ughtred's Son : v. Ughtred. 2 for Utrickson, q.v. UTTING (Eng.) the I3th-i4th cent. Uttyng, Utting, A.-Sax. Utting, Uting = Ut(t)a's Son [v. under Utiey, and + the O.E. fil. suff. -ing'\ UTTLEY, V. UtIey. UWINpV. Ewin. VAC HER (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Cowherd, Cowman [Fr. vacher ; f. vache, Lat. vacca, a cow] Simon le Vacher. — Hund. Rolls- VAGG.v. Wagg. VAHEY 1 (Celt.) for the Irish Mac an Bheatha VAHY ) [bh as u ; M as K) [Ir. mac, son + an, of the + the genit. of beatha, life] VAIL VAILE VAILL VALE (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Dweller in a Vale [M.E. val{e, Fr. val, Lat. vall-is, valley] ■ 1 , \ = Vasey, Vassey, q.v. Robert de la Vale. — Plac. de quo Warr., A.D. 1292. VAISEY VAIZEYJ VALENTINE (A.-Fr.-Lat.) the YrenchValentin, m., Valentine, f., Lat. Valentin-us, -a [f. Lat. valens, valentis, strong, healthy] VALLANCE 1 (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Bel. to Valence VALLENCE J (several in France) = the Stronghold [Lat. Valentia ; i. valens, valentis, strong] VALLENTIN VALLENTINE^ V. Valentine. VALLET(T (A.-Fr.-Celt.) Valet [M.E. vallet ; Fr. valet, footman, valet, O.Fr. vaslet, dim. f vas(s)al: v. Vassal(l] Adam le Vallet.— Close Rolls, A.D. 1311- 12. VALLIS (A.-Fr.-Teut.) the O.French Vallois, mod. Gallois = Welshman (also Wal- loon) [see under Walsh] (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Bel. to (Les) Vallois (France) = the Vales [a pi. form f. Lat. vallis, vale, valley] In French directories the surname Vallois occurs with and without prefixed de ; Desvallois also occurs. VAN 1 (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Dweller by theWiNNOW- VANN / ing-Fan [Fr. van, Lat. vann-us'\ Richard atte Vanne. — Plac. de quo Warr., A.D. 1292. Cp. Fann(e. VANCE for Vannes or Vans, pi. of Van(n, q.v. VANDERBILT (Dut.) Of the Heap: v. the Appendix of Foreign Names. VANNER (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Winnower [M.E. van- ner(e (cp. Fr. vanneur) : v. Van(n, and-f the E. agent, suff. -er, earlier -ere\ Sporadically this name may be for the Fr. vannier, 'basket-maker' [f Fr. van, winnowing-basket], Van{n)ier is a com- mon French surname. Cp. Fanner. VANSON seems to be a late name and to represent one of the Dutch Van- [Dut. van, of, from] names, combined with Eng. son. VARDON 1 „ ^ VARDEN 1 = V^''''°"' ^•^• VAREYI (A.-Fr.-Lat.) True [M.E. veray, VARY J O.Fr. verai (Fr. vrai), Lat. *verac-us — ver-us, true] VARLEY (Fr.) Bel. to Verly (Picardy), a.d. 1 197 Verli ('Dict.Topog.') [prob. repr. Lat. virgulet-um, a thicket, copse] Hugo de 'VexW.— Pipe-Rolls, A.D. 1184. (Celt.) for ihelxxshMacanBhearshuiligh (bh AS V ; sh as K) = Son of the Sharp Spear (a nickname) [Ir. mac, son -f- an, of the -f- the asp. form of bear, a spear, and the genit. of siiileach, sharp, prop, sharp-sighted] VARNEY = Verney, q.v. VARNHAM ] (Eng.) Bel. to Vernham (Hants), VARNAM ^ 13th cent. r^^KMOT. If this 13th- VARNUM J cent, form can be trusted the h in the name is intrusive, -um being the O.E. dat. pi. suff ; the name therefore meaning At the Ferns [O.E. feamum, dat. pi. oifearn (=Dut. varen), fern] VARRlLLY, v. Varley (Celt.). VASEY, V. Vas8(e)y. VASS (A.-Fr.-Celt.) Servant, Vassal [Fr. Vasse, f. L.Lat. vass-us, a servant, vassal ; Vassal 250 Venes(s f. the Celt. : cp. O.Bret, uuas, mod. Bret. guaz — Wei. and Corn, gwas, lad, youth, servant] Si alicujiisseniscalcus.qui servusest, et dominus ejus xil vassosinira domum habet . . . ^-Lex Alamannorum, 79 : 3. Vasse le Poynur. — Hund. Rolls. Cp. Wace. VASSAL VASSALL VASSEL VASSELL (A.-Fr.-Celt.) Dependant, Ten- ant, Subject ; orig. Servant [M.E. Fr. vassal, L.Lat vassal-is, f. L.Lat. vass-us : see under Vass] The king, perceiving such his veine. Promotes his vassal still, Lest that the basenesse of the man Should lett [hinder], perhaps, his will. — 'Argentile and Curan', 71-4 : Percy's Religues. VASSAR \ (A.-Fr.-Celt.) shortened forms (14th VASSER J cent. Vausour) of Vavasour, q.v. Vasseur is a common French surname. VASSEY 1 (Fr.) Bel. to Vassy (Calvados), 12th VA8SIE [cent. Vaacie,M.l.?A.*Vas{s)iacum = VASSY ) (prob.) Wasi's, or Waso's, Estate [the pers. name is app. f. the O.H.Ger. h)was (= O.E. hwas), keen (seen in Gervas) ; the suff. being the common Lat.-Gaul. possess, -dc-uni] VAUGHAN\(Celt.) Little, Small [Wei. VAUGHN I Vychan, mutation of bychan\ Rys Vychan. — Brut y Tywysogion, A.D. 1248, In I3th-cent. West.English records we find the forms Vachan and Vaghan. \ = Vaux, q.v. VAUS VAUSE VAUX (Fr.-Lat.) Bel. to Vaux, a common French place-name = the Vales [Fr. vaux, pi. oival, a vale, valley ; Lai. vall-is\ Robert de Vaux. — Pipe-Rolls, A.D. 1 184-5. This surname was Latinized de Vallibus. JR I (A.-Fr.-Celt.) Under- Vassal ;URJ rA.-Fr.i VAVASOUf VAVASSEU R ; [A.-Fr. vavassur, vavaso{u)r (Fr. vavasseur) ; f. L.Lat. vassus vassorum, vassal of vassals : v. under Vass] Will'us le Vavassur. — Pipe-Rolls, A.D. 1 187-8. Joh'es le Vavasor. — Charter-Rolls, A.D. 1251-2 Adam le Vavasour. — Hund.-Rolls, A.D. 1274. A frankeleyn was in his compaignye . . . A shirreve hadde he been, and a coun- tour [accountant]. Was nowher such a worthy vavasour- Chaucer, Cant. Tales, A 331, 359-60. VEACH = Veitch, q.v. VEACO for Veacock, q.v. VEACOCK (A.-Fr.-Teut.) the French Vid(e)coq = Woodcock [O.N.Fr. videcoc, videcoq, etc. (Norm. dial, vico), a woodcock ; f. Teut. : cp. O.E. wi{o)ducocc] Le vannel, le videcocq, le merle, le coulon, et moult [many] d'autres oyseaux. — Modus, 1°95 v°; Godefroy. VEAL 1 (A.-Fr.-Lat.) i Calf [M.E. veel, vel{e, VEALE etc., O.F. veel, viel (Fr. veau) ; Lat. VEALL vitell-us, little call (a term of endear- VEALLE'' ment), dim. o\' vitul-us, bull-calf] Roger le Vel.—Hund. Rolls. 2 for Viel(e, q.v. VEALS, Veal's (Son) : v. Veal. VEAREJ vere, q.v. VEARS, VEAR's(Son) : v. Vear, Vere. VEARY = Verey, q.v. VEASEY \ Vessey, q.v. VEAZEY VEEVERS (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Bel. to Viviers, a com- mon French place-name = the Game or Fish Preserves, Parks, Warrens [pi. of Fr. vivier (whence A.-Fr. vever, fishpond), Lat. vivari-um ; f. Lat. vivere, to live] VEITCH (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Bel. to Vic(h, a common French place-name = an Estate, Hamlet, Village [Lat. vlc-us\ VENABLES (Fr.-Lat.) Bel. toVenables (Eure) ; prob. a form of Fr. vignobles = Vine- yards [f. Lat. vinea, vineyard : the orig. of -able is disputed ; it prob. represents Lat. oppidul-um, little town] de Venables occurs in the list of " Com- pagnons de Guillaume k la conqugte de I'Angleterre en MLXVP' graven over the main doorway (inside) of the old church at Dives, Calvados. William de Venables. — Hund. Rolls. VENES(S] (A.-Fr.-Lat.) One from Venice, VENIS \lta\.Venezia, l.at. Venetia [f. the VENUS J people-nameF««e or in an Alley [North. E. vennel, VENNALlJ a gutter, sink; also Scot, venall, an alley — M.Fr. venelle, a small street, alley ; f. Lat. vena, a vein, watercourse] Isabel de la Venele. — Hund. Rolls- Richard en le Venel. — do. 2 voiced forms of Fennel(l, q.v. VENNER (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Huntsman [A.-Fr. veji{o)ur, veneur (Fr. veneur), Lat. venator, hunter, sportsman] Robert le Venur. — Hund. Rolls. William Venator. — do. Thomas le Veneur. — Fine-Rolls. Cp. Grosvenor'. (Eng.) a voiced (West-Country) form of Fenner, q.v. VENNING, a voiced form of Fanning, q.v. VENOUR, v. Vennen. VENTRIS(S I (A.-Fr.-Lat.) weak forms (owing VENTERS J to the stress having in this country fallen back to the first syllable) of the Norman (Orne) place-name La Vent- rouse = the Red Market-Hall [North. Fr. vente, a market (-hall), f. Lat. vendere, to sell ; and see under Rous(e] VENUS for Venes(s, q.v. VERD (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Dweller at a Green [Fr. verd, green ; Lat. virid-is^ VERDIN (A.-Fr.-Lat.) = Verd (q.v.) -1- the dim. suff. -in [Lat. -in-us^ VERDON 1 (A.-Fr.-Celt.) Bel. to Verdon, Ver- VERDUN ) dun, fairly common French place- names = the Green Hill (-Fort [the Gaul. cogn. of Wei. gwyrdd = Corn, guirt (allied to Fr. vert, O.Fr. verd, Lat. virid-is), green -)- Gaul, dun-on (long a). Latinized dun-um, hill, hill-fort] Verdon. Marne, was Verdon A.u,. 1162 and Verdun a.d. 1222. Verdun, Meuse, was the Lat.-Celt. Virodunum. Bertram de Verdun. — Pipe-Rolls, A.D. 1161. VERE (A.-Fr.-Scand.) Bel. to Ver (Calvados, Manche, Oise,- Eure-et-Loir) = the Fish- ing-Station [O.N. ver'] Ver, Calvados, occurs a.d. 1066 as Ver and Ver-um. Henry deVeT.—Hund.-Rolls, A.D. 1274. Hugo de Vere. — Charter-Rolls, A.D. 1289-go. VEREY (A-Fr.-Lat.) i True [M.E. veray, verray, etc., O.Fr. verai (Fr. vrai), Lat. *verac-us — ver-us, true] And lyke to ben [be] a verray gentil- man. — Chaucer, Legende of Good Women, 1068. 2 for Verp(e)y. q.v. VERGE (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Dweller at the Virgate or Yardland [A.-Fr. verge ; f. Lat. virga, a rod] Richard de la Verge. — Close Rolls, A.D. 1275. VERITY (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Truth [Fr. Verity — vMte, truth ; Lat. veritatem, ace. of Veritas'] VMt^. — Surnom d'homme sincere, v6ri- dique, comme ceux de Leal, Liau, Leaut^, Loyau, Loyaut^, qui existent aussi. — Larchey, Diet, des Noms, p. 486. VERNER 1 (Fr.-Teut.) French forms of the VERNIER J O.Teut. Warenher(i,Warinhar{i [v. under Warin, and -|- O.Sax. O.H.Ger. heri, hari = O.E. here = Goth. harji-s = O.N. herr, army] William Verner. — Lane. Assize-Rolls, A.D. 1284. Cp. Garnier'. This pers. name occurs in the Doubs place-name Vernierfontaine. VERNEYl (A.-Fr.-Ceh.) Bel. 10 Vernay or VERNAY I Verney (France) = the Alder- Grove [L.Lat. vernet-um (-et-um, planta- tion suff.) ; f. Gaul, vem-os (Fr. ver(g)ne) = Wei. gwern-en = Bret, guem = Ir. and Gael, /earn (O.Ir. fern), alder-tree (feam- ach, alder-grove] Item, un petit verney assis au terroir de Manopou. — Charter, A.D. 1412 ; Ducange, s.v. 'veniiacum' [-i-acum was sometimes used for -etum\ In our I3th-cent. rolls we find the forms (with prefixed de) Verney, Vernay, aniVernai. Vernay or Verney is naturally not an uncommon place-name in France ; but no doubt the chief source of the Vernon 252 Vicker Anglo-French surname is St. Paul-de- Vernay, Calvados, Normandy. VERNON (A.-Fr.-Celt.) Bel. to Vernon (France) [the stem is that of Verney (q.v.) : the suff. is either the dim. -on (Lat. -i-on-em), or else it represents, as in some other cases, Lat. -i-an-utn] de Vernon occurs on the mural list of "Compagnons de Guillaume k la Con- quete de I'Angleterre en MLXVI" in Dives Church ; and Vernoun figures in the so- called copies of the Roll of Battle Abbey. William de Vernun. — Patent Rolls, A.D. 1218-19. Vernon is a common French place- name, but the chief source of the A.-French surname is prob. Vernon, Eure, Normandy. VERRALL 1 (A.-Fr.) i the French Verel(le = VERRELL True fO.Fr. wr-, Lat. ver-us, true VERRILL J -l-theFr.dim. suff. -f/, Lat. -e//-Mi] 2 for the Freiich Veriet = a Pasturage [North. Fr. veriel] VERRER \ (A.-Fr.-Lat.) the French Verrier = VERRIER (Glass-Maker [Lat. vitrari-us; f. vitr-um (Fr. verre), glass] In our I3th-i4th cent, records the forms (with prefixed Ic) are Verrer, Verrour \ less often Verer. VERREY 1 (A.-Fr.-Lat.) 1 Bel. to Verrey, Verry, VERRY J Verrie, (forms of) Verrerie (France) = the Glass-works [Fr. verrerie ; f. verre, Lat. vitr-um, glass] 2 for Verey, q.v. VERT (Fr.-Lat.) Bel. to (Le) Vert (a common French place-name) = (The) Green [Fr. vert, Lat. virid-is, green] VERTUE (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Virtue [Fr. vertu, Lat. virtutem, ace. of virtus, virtue, manly excellence, valour, etc.] VERY I v, Verey. 2 for Verp(e)y, q.v. VESEY 1 (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Bel. toVessey(Manche, VESSEY J Norm. ; also Burgundy), prob. cor- responding to the South. Fr.Vissac, M.Lat. Vitiacum = the Estate of Vitius [the Roman name Vitius, m., Vitia, (., is f. Lat. vita, life : -dc-um is the Lat.-Gaul. possess. suff] Richard de Vescy. — Hund. Rolls. John Vessy. — Ing. ad q. Damn., tp. Hen. VL Apparently there has been no confusion with Vassy. VEVERS = Veevers, q.v. VEY (Celt.) a contr. of Mac Vey, q.v. (Fr.-Lat.) Bel. to Le Vey (Calvados, Norm.) ; or Dweller at The Ford [Dial. Fr. vey, vay (Fr. gu£), Lat. vad-um, a ford] Calvados has also 'Le pont du Vay'. V|V|^/} = Vescy, q.v. VIAL 1 (A.-Fr.-Lat.) i the French Fra/, a syn- VIALL Icopated form of the saint-name VIALLEj Vital, Lat. Vitalis [Lat. vital-is, of life, vital ; f. vita, life] Vitalis de Engayne. — Testa de Nevill. 2 for Viel(e, q.v. VIALLS, VlALL's (Son) : v. Viall. VIAN \ (A.-Fr.-Celt.) Bel. to Vienne (several VIANE J in France) = the White Town. Vienna (Austria), i2lh cent. Wienna, was the Lat.-Gaul. Vindohona [Gaul. uindo-s = O.Ir. find (mod. Ir. and Gael. flonn) = Wei. gwyn = Bret, guen, white, fair : hona occurs frequently in Gaul, place-names with the generally accepted meaning of 'habitation(s' (for app. mod. Celt, cognates see under Rathbone]. Vienne, Is&re, was anc. Vienna. Vienne, Calvados, was Viana A.D. 1198 ; and it is prob. this place with which we are more particularly concerned. Joh'es de Vienna. — Inq. ad q. Damn., A.D. 1315-16. VICAR (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Incumbent; orig. a Dep- uty or Substitute [Fr. vicaire, a vicar, curate ; Lat. vicari-us, a deputy] Nature, the vicaire of the almyghty Lord. — Chaucer, Pari, of Foules, 379- VICARS I (the) Vicar's (Son) : v. Vicar. 2 Dweller at the Vicar's House. Peter atte Vicars. — Yorks Poll-Tax, A.D. 1379. VICARY "I (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Vicar [M.E. vicary, VICAREY J vicarie, etc. : v. under Vicar ; and cp. Fr. vicairie, curacy, vicarage] 'Sire Freest', quod he, 'artow [art thou] a vicary ?' — Chaucer, Cant. Tales, I 22. Of persons [parsons] and vycaryes They make many outcryes. — Skelton, Colyn Cloute, S7^-3- VICK (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Bel. to Vic or Vicq (a com- mon French place-name) = the Village [Lat. vic-us^ VICKER = Vicar, q.v. Vickerage 253 Viney The viker hadde fer hoom. (The vicar had far to go home). — Piers Plowman, 13924. VICKERAGE 1 (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Dweller, or Ser- VICKERIDGE f vant, at a Vicarage [v. under Vicar: the Fr. suff. -age is the Lat. -atic-us] VICKERMAN (A.-Fr.-Lat. -|- Eng.) Vicar's Man (-Servant) [v. under Vicar] Robert le Vicarmon. — Vale Royal Ledger-Bk; c. A.D. 1334. WillelmusVikarman. — Yorks Poll-Tax, A.D. 1379. VICKERS = Vicars, q.v. VICKERSON, (the) Vicar's Son : v. Vicar. VICKERY = Vicary, q.v. VICKESS for Vicars, q.v. VICKRESS, (the) Vicary's (Son) : v. Vicary. VICKRIDGE, V. Vicl : cp. Viel(e. The French surname Voillard is con- sidered to be a form of Fr. vieillard, 'old man'. VOYSEY = Voisey, q.v. VYNER = Vinep, q.v. VYSE (M.Lat.) Bel. to Vyse or Vise, an old contr. of Devizes = the Marches [Devi- zes was Diviste tp. Hen. I ; f. Lat. divisus, a division] VYVyTn} = Vivian, q.v. w WACE (A.-Fr.-Celt.) Servant, Vassal [Fr. Wace, i. L.Lat. uass-us, uas-us, a servant; f. Celt. : cp. O.Bret, uuas, mod. Bret, guaz = Wei. & Corn, gwas, a youth, servant] Geoffrey Wace. — Hund. Soils. Wacius fil. Huberti. — do. (Teut.) there has been interchanging with Wass', q.v. Cp. Vass. WACKER (Teut.) Watchful, Alert [O.E. wacor, wcec{c)er, etc. = Dut. wakker = Ger. wacker, O.H.Ger. wackar = O.N. vakr, watchful, alert (Dan.-Norw. vakker, vigo- rous, valiant, noble] The A.-Sax. form of the pers. name was Wacer. Wacker (i) Active : "He's a wacker little chap." (2) Angry.— Diet-Kent. Dial., p. 183. WACKETT (Teut. + Fr.) Watchful, Alert [f. the Teut. root *wak, watchful, etc. (seen in 'Hereward the Wake') + the A.-Fr. dim. suff. ■et'\ Waket occurs several times as a sur- name in the i3tli-cent. Hundred-Rolls. WADDACOR^ WADDAKER WADDECAR (Eng.) Bel. to Weddicar or Weddiker (Cumb.), I3tli-i4th cent. Wedakre, Wedacre = the WADDICAR > Weedy Field [O.E. wedd, a weed -I- cEcer, a field] In lyth-cent. Lane, and Chesh. records the forms Waddaker, Waddicar, Wadiker, and Wediker occur. WADDELL \ (Eng.) i Dweller at Wada's Hill WADDLE ] [M.E. Wadhull{e, A.-Sax. *Wad- anhyll — Wadan- geuit. of Wada : v. under Wade'] Robert de Wadhulle.— Hund. Rolls (Beds). 2 the Domesday Wadel, A.-Sax. Wadel [v. under Wade', and-f- the E. dim. suff. -el\ 3 a nickname for one who waddles [E. waddle, freq. of wade, O.E. wadan, to go] WADDEN for Waddon, q v. WADDIE 1 (Eng.) a form of the A.-Sax. pers. WADDY J name Wada, with later E. dim. suff. -ie, -y. Cp. Wadey. WADDILOVE (Eng.) for Wade-in-Love (a nickname) [O.E. wadan, to go, advance, wade; /«/«, love] Henry Wadeinlove. — Hund. Rolls, A.D. 1274. Adam Wadinlof. — Yorks Poll-Tax, A.D. 1379. WADDINGTON (Eng.) Bel. to Waddington (Yorks : 14th cent. Wadyngton ; Lines), A.-Sax. *Wadinga-lun = the Estate of THE Wada Family [v. under Wade', and -I- -inga, genit. pi. of the fil. suff. -ing -f- tiin, estate, etc.] WADDLE: v.Waddell. WADDON (Eng.) Bel. to Waddon (Surrey : 14th cent. Waddon ; Dorset, etc. : 13th cent. Waddon) [O.E. dun, a hill: the first element is prob. the A.-Sax. pers. name Wada\ Waddrupp A Waddiin is mentioned in the famous will (c. A.D. 1002) of Wulfric SpoT, founder of Burton Abbey. WADDRUP(P for Wardrobe, q.v. WADE (Eng.) i Dweller at a Ford [O.E. ge)wad = O.N. udS, a lord] Will' de Wade.— Charter-Rolls, A.D. 1 199-1200. Henry de la Wade. — Hund. Rolls, A.D. 1274. 2 the common A.-Sax. pers. namelVada, occ. Wade [f. O.E. wadan, to go, advance] Wada [wefild] Hselsingura (Wflrfe [ruled] the Hselsings). — Widsie (The Traveller), 1. 46. Wada was the name of one of the ealdormen concerned in the murder of the Northumbrian king ./Ethelred towards the close of the eighth century. Andrew Wade. — Hund. Rolls. WADER (Eng.), occurring temp. Edw. I. in Yorkshire as le waider, wayder (as an occupation), seems to have denoted a wading fisherman [f. O.E. wadan, to go, wade] WADESON, Wade's Son : v. Wade'. WADEY = Wade' (q.v.)+the E. dim. suff. -y. WAD HAM (Eng). Dweller at (prob.) Wada'S Home [v. under Wade', and+O.E. hdm, home, estate] This surname occurs as Waddeham in 1522. WADKIN I = Wade' (q.v.) + the E. (double) dim. suff. -kin [O.L.Teut. -k-in\ 2 for Watkin, q.v. WAt)LEIGH \ (Eng.) Bel. to Wadley = (prob.) WADLEY J Wada's Lea [v. under Wade', and + O.E. ledh (M.E. ley, etc.] There is a Wadley in Berks, and a 'Hugh de Wadele' occurs in the Norfolk Hundred-Rolls. WADLOW (Eng.) Bel. to Wadlow = Wada's Hill or Tumulus [In a Latin charter of Caedwalla, king of Wessex, dated A.D. 680 ('Cart. Sax', no. 50), we find Uuadan hlceu, for A.-Sax. Wadan hldew — Wadan- genit. of Wada (v. Wade') -1- O.E. hlikw, mound, etc. ; and Wadelow occurs in a Charter-Roll, a.d. 1322-3, relating to Beds. WADMAN (Eng.) Wad's or Wade's Man (-Servant) [v. Wade', and -1- E. man] WADROPl WADRUP. 256 Wagener , i for Wardrobe, q.v. WADSWORTH (Eng.) Bel. to Wadsworth (Yorks), 14th cent. Waddesworth, Domes- day Wadeswrde = Wade's Estate [v. Wade', and -1- O.E. wor^, estate, etc.] WADWORTH (Eng.) Bel. to Wadworth (Yorks), 14th cent.Waddeworth, Domesday Wadewrde = Wade'S or Wada's Estate [v. Wade', and -|- O.E. wor^, estate, etc.] WAFER, meton. for Waferer, q.v. WAFERER (A.-Fr.-Teut.) Wafer - Cake Maker or Seller [M.E. wafrer{e, waferer ; f. (with agent, suff. -er) M.E, A.-Fr. wafre, O.Fr. waufre (Fr. gaufre), a, wafer; of Teut. orig. : cp. Dut. & Low Ger. wafel, a wafer] Waferers (male and female) apparently went from house to house with their wares and were evidently employed to deliver private messages, often making assignations, in the course of their calling, as appears from Chaucer's "baudes, wafereres" ('Cant. Tales' C 479) and the reference to wafer-women in Beaumont and Fletcher's 'Woman-Hater'. WAG DEN 1 (Eng.) Dweller at (prob.) the WAG DIN /Soft or Wet Valley [O.E. wdc, soft -)- denu, valley : the c of wdc has been voiced to g in the surname under the influence of the following voiced letter d] WAGER"! (Teut.) 14th cent. (Yorks) Wagur WAGURj = Weigher [cp. Swed. wdgre = Dut. weger= Ger. wager, weigher ; f. O.N. uega = Dut. wegen = Ger. wdgen = O.E. wegan, to carry, weigh] WAGG (Scand.) i a nickname [f. M.E. waggen, O.N. uaga (whence Swed. wagga) = O.E. wagian, to wag, shake, waddle] Wagge occurs as a surname in the Yorks and Lines Hundred-Rolls. 2 Dweller at a Wall [M.E. waggle (with the medial vowel prob. influenced by 'wall' and O.E. wdh), O.N. uegg-r, whence Swed. wdgg, Dan.-Norw. vceg = M.Dut. weegh = O.E. wdg, wdh, a wall] Cp. Waugh. WAGG EN ER ] (Teut.) Wagoner [a comp. WAGGONER I late formation (with E. agent. WAGENER J sufi. -er) on Dut. wagen, a wagon] In 'Titus Andronicus', V. ii. 48, waggoner is used in the sense of 'charioteer'. Bardsley pertinently notes that 'James Waggoner' was baptized at the Dutch Church, London, in 1610. Cp. Wainer. Waggett 257 Wakley WAGGETT 1 = Wagg' (q.v.) + the A.-Fr. dim. sufl. -et. 2 a voiced form of Waokett, q.v. WAGHORN UScand. or Scand. + E.) a WAG HORN E I nickname for a Hornblower or Trumpeter [see under Wagg', and + O.Scand. and O.E. horn] John Waghorne.— Close Rolls, A.D. 1393-4. WAGNER (Ger.) Wagoner : v. the Appendix of Foreign Names ; and cp. Wainep. WAG SPEAR (Scand. or Scand. + E.) a nick- name synonymous with Shakespear(e, q.v. [see under Wagg', and + O.N. spior — O.E, spere, a spear] WAGSTAFF "1 (Scand. or Scand. -i- E.) a WAGSTAFFE J nickname for a wand^bearing official, as a Beaple [see under Wagg', and + O.N. staf-r = O.E. staf, a staff] Walter Waggestaf.— /f«Brf. Rolls. WAIDE = Wade, q.v. WAIDSON = Wadeson, q.v. WAIGHT I for Wait, q.v. 3 conf. with Wight, q.v. WAILES = Wales, q.v. WAI WAI vt- \ (Eng.) I melon, for Wainman, q.v. 2 a name f. the trade-sign of a Wagon [O.E. wffi(ff)«] WAINER (Eng.) Wagoner, Carter [O.E. weof,thie{] This (chiefly Northern).name, evid. orig. a nickname of contempt, ultimately came to be borne by some of the highest Anglian dignitaries. WALDEW = Walthew, q.v. WALDIE = Wald (q.v.) + the E. dim. suff. -ie. WALDING = Wald, q.v. + the 'son' suff. -ing. Johannes Waldyng. — Yorks Poll-Tax, A.D. 1379. WALDO = Wald (q.v.) -|- the Cont. Teut. form. suff. -0. WALDRAM I (Teut.) the O. Teut. Wald{h)ram, WALDREN \ Wald{h)ramn, Walderan(n, &c. WALDRON J = Mighty Raven [see under Wald, and 4- O.Teut-. hram{n, ram(n, raven : see Raven] WALDY - Wald (q.v.) + the E. dim. suff. ->r. WALE (Eng.) the A.-Sax. Wale, Wala, W{e)alh = Foreigner, Welshman [O.E, W(e)alih (fem. Wale) = O.H.Ger. WalQi] Adam. "W ale.— Hund. Rolls. WALES (Eng.) I Bel. to Wales, either the coun- try or the Yorkshire parish (Doiilesday Wales)lO.E. Wedlas, ploiWealh, aWelsh- man] Engle and Seaxe ... Wedlas ofer c6mon. — 'Song 1 of Brunariburh' : A.-Sax. Chron., A.D. 937. Cecilia de Wales. — Yorks Poll-Tax, A.D. 1379. 2 Wale's (Son) : v. Wale. WALESBY (Eng. -|- Scand.) Bel. to Walesby (Lines, Notts : 13th cent. W alesby, Domes- day Walesbi) = Wale's Place [v. Wale, and -t- O.N. b$-r, farmstead, &c.] WALFORD (Eng.) Bel. to Walford = the Welshmen's Ford \0.'K.Wedla, genit. pi. of Weal{h, a Welshman -|- ford] The Somerset Walford occurs as Weala- ford in a charter dated A.D. 682 ('Cart. Sax.' no. 62); the Heref. place is Wdlforde in Domesday-Bk., and the Shropsh. town- Walgrave 259 Wallon ship Waleford and Walifordeia Domesday- Bk. Ric'us de Walleford. — Charter-Rolls (Salop), A.D. 131 6- 17. WALGRAVE (Eug.) Bel. to Walgrave (North- ants), anc. Walgrave = the Wall-Grove (grove by or enclosed by a wall) [O.E. w{e)all + grdf] Ace. to Burke, a 'John de Walgrave' was SheriS of London a.d. 1205. Cp. Waldegpave. WALHAM (Eng.) Bel. to Walham or Welham : V. Welham. With Walham Green, M'sex, cp. the Welham Greens of Herts and Kent. WALKDEN (Eng.) Bel. to Walkden (Lane), A.D. 1 5 14 Walkeden, 1408 Walkedene [the first elem. is prob. tor O.E. W{e)alh, Welshman: the second is O.E. denu, valley (cp. the Walshedene of a Lane. Rentail a.d. 1323-4] WALKER (Eng.) i Fuller or Thickener (of cloth) [M.E. walker(e (M.Scot, walcar), O.E. w(e)alcere ( = Dut. and Ger. walker) ; f. O.E. w{e)alcan, to roll, turn, full] Geoffrey le Walkere.— iy«wrf. Rolls. She [Queen Guinevere] curst the weaver and the walker That clothe that had wrought. — 'The Boy and Mantle,' 53-4 : Bp. Percy's Folio MS. ■ Wobstaris [weavers], walcaris, and bonet makaris. — Burgh Reeds. Aberdeen, A.D. 1531. In the early Manchester directories all the fullers and cloth-dressers were called walkers. — Lane. Gloss., p. 276. Walker, aNorthumbrian township, prob. owes its name to a cloth-walker. 2 the A. -Sax. pers. name W{e)alchere, earlier W(e)alhhere [f. O.E. W(e)alh, foreigner, Welshman -f lure, army] A Walcherviis an nth-cent, bishop of Durham. (late) 3 Pedestrian (a nickname) [same etym. as i] WALKINQTON (Eng.) Bel. to Walkington (Yorks), 14th cent. Wdlkynton, Domesday Walchinton, O. Angl. *Walhinga-tun = the Estate of the Walh- Family [O.E. W(e)alh, foreigner, Welshman -|- -inga, genit. pi. of the fil. suff. -ing + tiin, estate, farm, &c.] WALK LATE ) (Eng.) a nickname for a sluggish WALKLETT ) individual [f. M.E. walken, to walk ; O.E. w{e)alcan, to roll, &e. -|- M.E. late, O.E. IcBt. slow, sluggish] WALKLEY (Eng.) Bel. to Walkley (Yorks) [the first elem. is prob. for O.E. W{e)alh, Welshman : the second is O.E. ledh (M.E. ley), meadow] WALKLIN 1 (A.-Fr.-Teut.) for the 14th cent. WALK LING J Walkelyn, 13th cent. Walkelin, ii-i2th cent. Walchelin, Domesday Walchelin-us [f. M.H.Ger. Walch, O.H. Gei.Walh, foreigner, Celt = O.E.W{e)alh, j foreigner, Welshman -1- the Fr. double dim. suff. -el'in] Walc{h)elin was the name of an nth- cent, bishop of Winchester. WALKMILL (Eng.) Bel. to Walkmill;. or Dweller at or by the Fulling-Mill [M.E. walkmyln(e ; f. O.E. w(e)alcan, to roll, turn, full + myln, a mill] There are places called Walkmill in Lane, Northumb., and Salop. WALKSTER, orig. the fern, form of Walker, q.v. [O.E. fem. agent, suff. -estre^ WALL (Eng.) Dweller at i a Wall [O.E. w(e)all (Lat. uall-um'] 2 a Well [M.E. and Dial. E. wall(e, a well or spring ; for M.E. well(e, O.E. welle, wiella, &c.] The surnames ' atte Wall(e,' ' de la Wall(e,' &e., are pretty common in our I3th-i4th cent, rolls. The village of Wall, Northumb., is near the Roman Wall. Wall, Staffs, is on the site of a Roman station. = Walli8, q.v. WALLACE 1 WALLAS J Williame Wallace, wicht [active, strong] and wyse. — Ring of the Roy Robert, 139. In Henry the Minstrel's (Blind Harry's) 'Actis and Deidis of the Illustere and Vailyeand Campioun Schir William Wal- lace' (iS'h cent.) the spelling Wallas ('wicht Wallas') oec. occurs. WALLAKER \ (Eng.) Dweller at the Well- WALLIKER /Field or Spring-Field [v. Wall', and -1- M.E. afe^-, O.E. ««?•, a field] WALLAND (Eng.) Dweller at the WelL-Land or Spring-Land [v. Wall', and + M.E. O.E. land] WALLEN ] (A.-Fr.-Lat.)WALLOON[Fr.praHo»; WALLI N y f. Lat. Gall-us, a Gaul ( = O.H.Ger. WALLON J Walh, a Celt] 26o Waller Walne WALLER (Eng.) i Wall- Maker, Mason, Bricklayer [M.E. waller{e ; M.E. ixial(h O.E. w{e)aU, a wall -|- the agent, suff. -ere] ' Henry le Wallere.^Hund. Rolls. In the M.E. period this trade-name was Latinized murator and cementarius. (occ.) 2 (Salt-)Boiler [f. M.E. walleti, O.E. ■w(e)allan, to boil] Wallers, n., Salt-Makprs.— West Wore. Gloss. (1882), p. 33. WALLET (A.-Fr.-Teut.) a nickname from the bag so calledrM.E.MjflZrf, of uncertain (but doubtless Fr.-Teut.) orig. : semantically O.N. fiall = Dut. and M.(H.Ger. vel, a skin, would suit, esp. if wall-et {-et dim. suff.) is conn, with the stem of Fr. valise, a wallet ; but there are, of course, phonetic difficul- ties] WALLEY (Eng.) i Dweller at the Wall (Em- bankment) Lsland or Low Riparian Land [O.E. w(e)all + ig, eg] The Domesday name of Wallasey (Cheshire) was Walea. 2 for Whalley, q.v, WALLHAM, v. Walham, Welham. WALLING (Eng.) the A.-Sax. Wealing = Weal(h)'s Son [O.E. W{e)al[h, foreigner, Welshman -|- the fil. suff. -ing] occ. (A.-Fr.-Lat.) (with excresc. -g) for Waller), Wallin, Wallon, q.v. WALLING FORD (Eng.) Bel. to Wallingford (Berks), 13th cent. Waling{e)ford, A.-Sax. Welinga-ford, Wealinga-ford = the Ford OF the Weal(h Family [O.E. Weal(h, foreigner, Welshman -|- -inga, genit. pi. of the 'son' suff. -ing -f ford] ' iElfred's 'Orosius' (V. xii.) has Welinga- ford— ... neah \>ckm forda J>e man hcfet Welingaford (. . . near the ford called W ). WALLINGTON (Eng.) Bel. to Wallington (several in England) [y. under Walling- ford, and + O.E. t^n, farm, estate] The , Herts place is Wallingtone in Domesday-Bk., whereas the Surrey village occurs therein as Waletone (no doubt an error). Ralph de Walington.— Hund. Rolls, A.D. 1274. Walter Wallyngton. — Inq. ad q. Damn,, tp. Hen. VL WALLIS (A.-Fr.-Teut.) i Welshman, Celt {K-Fr. Waleis, Waleys, Walais, Walays, Walleys (Fr. Gallois, Welshman) ; L. Lat. Walcnsis ; f. O.Teut. W(e)alh, foreigner^ Celt] ; Ricardus Walensis. — MSS. Dn. & Ch. Wells, c. A.D. 1185. , Maddok le Walays. — ■ Lane. Assize-Rolls, A.D. 1246. Roger le Waleis. — Hund. Rolls, A.D. 1274. Richard le Waleys. — Lane. Fines, A.D. 1322. John Walleys. — Inq. ad q. Damn., A.D. 1322-3. Richard Walays. — Yorks Poll-Tax, A.D. 1379. 2 Of Wales [etym. as i (Fr. Pays de Galles) : cp. O.E. W(e)alas (pi.), the Welsh] Adam de Waleys.^ — Inq. ad q. Damn., A.I). i^oS-i}. William de Waleis. — Charter-Rolls, A.D. 1310-11. King Willam [L] adauntede [subdued] that folc of Walis.— Rob. Glouc. Chron., 7668. As Walys wes and als Irland. — ^Wyn- toun, Oryg. Cron. Seotl. (Extr. f. early MS. of The Bruee). As Walis was and als Ireland.— Bar-' j bour, The Bruce, I. 100 (ed. W. M. Mac- kenzie). Wallis is the mod. Scand. word for 'Wales.' Cp. Wallace and Walsh. WALLRAVEN, v.Walraven. WALLS, pi., and genit., of Wall, q.v. WALLWORK for Wal(l)wopth, q.v. WALLWORTH, v. Walworth. WALLWRIQHT (Eng.) MasOn [O.E. w{e)dll, wall -h wyrhta, worker] WALMERSLEY (Eng.) Bel. to Walmersley (Lane), 13th cent. Walmeresley [the pers. name (in the genitive) is either A.-Sax. W{e)al{h)m(er (y.mider Wale, and + O.E. mcbre, famous) or, less likely, A.-Sax. W(e)aldmeer (O.E. ge)w(e)ald, power, might) : \- O.E. /ra'A (M.E. fey), meadow] (Eng.) Bel. to Walmsley ■ (Lane. : isth cent. Walmesley) for Walmersley, q.v. WALN \ syncopated forms of Wallan, WALNE 1 Wallon, q.v. WALMESLEY WALMISLEY WALMSLEY Walpole 261 Walter WALPOLE (Eng.) Bel. to Walpole (Norf. ; Suff.}, 13th cent. Walepol, Walepole^the Wall-Pool [O.E. w{e)all + pdl] Robert de Walepole.— Charter-Rolls (Suff.), A.D. 1267-8. According to the National Gazetteer (1868) Walpole St. Andrew and Walpole St. Peter (Norf.) are both "situated on the Roman sea-wall." WALRAN for Walraven, q.v. Walrann Oldman. — Hund. Rolls. WALRAN D "1 (Teut.) the O.Ger. Walerand = WALROND J Battle-Shield [O.H.Ger. wal = O.E. wcbI, slaughter, battle, &c. -|- O.Teut. rand (O.N. rond), a shield] Walerand le Tyeis [v. Ty(e)ds]. — Hund. Rolls. WALRAVEN \ (Teut., esp. Scand.), the 13th- WALRAVIN J cent IFa/ra/» (Camb.), Domes- day Walraven (Line), early -nth- cent. Wailr(efen= Deathly Raven [O.N. »aZ= O.E. wcel, slaughter, death, &c. + O.N. hrafn = O.E. hreefn (\atei r^fen), a raven] Cp. Raven. WALSALL (Eng.) Bel. to Walsall (Staff?), i2th-i3tn cent. Walsale, Waleshale, nth cent. Waleshale, a.d. roo2 Walesho = Wal(h)'s Hill [the genit. of O.Merc. Walh, Welshman -|- (i) ho, a hill, bluff; (2) O.Merc. hal(d = O.N. hall-r (with \ lost final dental) (=Ger. hfllde, O.H.Ger. halda), a slope, hill] Duignan ('Staffs Place-Names,' p. 159) says that "some time in the 11 th cent, the terminal changed to Aafe", which he interprets as 'hall'— unhkely in this case, as " the town was formerly confined to an eminence." Post-Z d is often lost in local nomenclature and in dialects. Through not taking this fact into consideration Canon Taylor was misled into confusing O.West-Sax. feflZ((Z (M.E. AeZrf(e), 'slope', 'hill', f. heald(=0.^. hall-r), 'sloping', with O.W. Sax. healQi, 'corner', 'nook'. WALSBY, V. Walesby. WALSH '1 (Eng.) Welshman, Celt [M.E. WALSHE ) Watshe,&.c.; O.E.WeBlisc,W(e)alisc, Welsh, foreign; f. W(e)al{h, Welshman, foreigner] John le Walshe.^ Lane. Fines, A.V. 1326. . . . and Walshe [auditors of Chester]. —Vale-Royal Ledger-Bk., A.D. 1438-9. Griffyn the Walshe.— Piers Plowman, ■^12^. Walschemen and Scottes. — Trevisa's tr. (A.D. 1387) Higden's PolychronicoH ('de Incol. Ling.'). In the later colloquial [Irish] language the word Breathnach = BTiton, Welshman, has been confined in its application to those who have adopted the family-name I oi Walsh.— Joyce, Irish Pl.-Names, a. 123. Cp. Wallace, Wallis. WALSHAM 1 (A.-Scand.; Bel. to Walsham WALSOM J (Norf. ; Suff.), 13th cent. Wals- ham, Walesham = W^ls's Home [the pers. name (v. Walsingham) is an Angli- cization of the O.N. Ualsk-r (cogn. with A.-Sax. WcbUsc), foreign, Celtic (mod. Scand. Velsk, Welsh):— + O.E. hdm = O.N. heim-r, home, estate] Wtsls occurs as a pers. name in the A.-Sax. poem 'B6owulf,' 1. 1798. WALSHAW (Eng.) Bel. to Walshaw (Lane. : 14th cent. Walschdgh ; Yorks, &c.) = I Wal(h)'s;Wood [O.E. w(e)alh, foreigner, Welshman -|- scaga, a wood] 2 the Wall-Wood [O.E. w{e)all, a wall] WALSHMAN (Eng.) Welshman : v. Walsh. WALSINGHAM (A.-Scand.) Bel. to Walsing- ham (Norf.), 13th cent. Walsynghani; A.- Sax. Walsingahdm ('Dipl. Angl.', p. 563) = the Home of the W^els Family [for the pers. name see under Walsham, and -|- -inga, genit. pi. of the fil. suff. -ing -f- ham, home, estate] The shrine of Our Lady of Walsingham was very famous for centuries ; and the town is mentioned in old ballads-^e.g., ' in one beginning— As yee came from the Holye Land Of Walsingham ... in 'Bp. Percy's Foho MS.' ; and also in 'Gentle Heardsman, tell to me', in the same collection. WALSTER (Eng.) the fem. form of Waller, q.v. [O.E. fem. agent, suff. restre'\ WALTER (Teut.) Mighty Army [O.Teut: Walther, ^Walthar, Waldhar, Waldheri, &c. (A.-Sax. W{e)aldhere) — O.H.Ger. gijwdlt = O. Sax. gt)wald = Goth, waldr = O.E. ge)w(e)al3 = O.N. uald, might, power -I- O.H.Ger. O.Sax. heri, hart = Goth, harji-s = O.E. here = O.N. her-r, army, host] Walter' fil. Bernardi. — CJuwter-Rolls, AS). 1201-6, Walter Walrond.^- Hund.-Rolls, A.D. 1274. 262 Walter Wannop The Domesday form is Walterus or Walterius. The h of the second element was dropped at an early period in England, but is still retained in German. Thus in the German translation ('Walt- hari-lied') of the famous loth-cent. Latin epic 'Waltharii Poesis' the hero is con- sistently Walther; and this is the form in the 'Nibelungenlied'. Nu[now],brpJ'errWaHf«n',bro]>errmin. — Ormulum (c. A.D. 1200), i. The Old French forms of this Teut. name were Walther, Gualter (as in the 'Chanson de Roland'), Gauter; mod. Fr. forms are Gaultier, Gauihier, Gautier, &c. Cp. Walder and Waters. WALTERS, Waiter's (Son) \„ ,,,„n.„„ WALTERSON, Walter's Son f^' Walter. WALTHAM(Eng.)Bel.toWaltham(acommon Eng. place-name) = the Enclosure or Dwelling by the Wood [O.E. w{e)aii, a wood + ham{m, an enclosure, etc.] The orig. d in the name was unvoiced to t (through the influence of the following aspirate) at an early period: thus, although Waltham, Suss., was Uualdham in the 7th cent., in the loth cent, it was Waltham; and other Walthams were either Waltham or Wealtham in the A.-Saxon period. William de WaMham.—Hund. Rolls. WALTHEF "I see the commoner (but less WALTHEVE J correct) form Waldeve. WALTHEW \ (Eng.) the A.-Sax. W{e)al{h)^e6w WALTHO J = Foreign Slave [O.E. w{e)alh, a foreigner, Welshman+jjeim), a slave,serf] In 'Be6wulf' (11. 1229-30) this is the name of a woman — e(5de Wealh\>edwiov^, I went WealhtheowioTth, cw6n Hr68gares. ] Hrothgar's queen. WALTON (Eng.) Bel. to Walton (common) = I the Farmstead or HXmlet enclosed by, or situate near, a Wall [O.E. w(e)all, a wall + tun, a farm, etc.] 2 the Farmstead or Hamlet by the Wood [O.E. w{e)ald, a wood] 3 the Welshmen's or Serfs' Place [O.E. w{e)ala, genit. pi. oiw(e)alh, Welsh- man, serf] This place-name occurs in Domesday- Book variously as Waletone (the spelling, e.g., of Walton-on-Thames and Walton- on-the-Hill, L'pool), Waltone, Waletun, Waletune. Henr' de Waleton. — Charter-Rolls, A.D. 1226-7. William de Waleton. — Lane. Assize-Rolls, A.D. 1285. Alicia de Walton. — Yarks Poll-Tax, A.D. 1379. Richard Walton. — Inq.ad q.Damri,, A.D. 1413-14. Walton, Cumb., and West Walton, Norf., owe their hame to proximity to a Roman Wall. WALTRbT = Walter (q.v.) -1- the Fr. dim. sufF. -ot. WALTSTER for Walster, q.v. WALWORK for Walworth, q.v. WALWORTH (Eng.) Bel. to Walworth (Surrey: Domesday Waleordd ; Durham : c. 1200 Waleurthe), A.-Sax. *W{e)ala-w0r^ i^ the Welshmen's Farm [O.E. W{e)ala, genit. pi. of W{e)al(h, Welshman -|- wo?S, farm, enclosure] WALWYN (Eng.) the A.-Sax. W(e)alhwine = Foreign or Welsh Friend [O.E. w{e)alh, foreigner, Welshman + wine, friend] WAND (Eng.) a nickname from the MolE [O.E. wand] WANDS, Wand's (Son). ' WANDSWORTH (Celt. -f Eng.) Bel. to Wands- worth, the Domesday Wandelesorde, A.- - Sax. Wendles war's. [The river-name (Wandle) is Celt, (with dim. suff. -el), and allied to the Yorks R. Went and the Wei. Afon [river] Wen, ■viz. wend, the early form of Wei.gwen {(.), gwyn (m.) = Bret. ^g« = Gael, and \x.fionn (O.Ir.^«i=Gaul. vind-), white, clear: with regard to the second element, the A.-Sax. form quoted above occurs in a Lat. + A.-Sax. charter, dated a.d. 693 ('Cart. Sax.' no. 82), which is prob. a spurious deed fabricated centuries later ; and the land- name is rather O.E. waro'S, bank, shore (=Ger. werder, 'small island in a river', M.H.Ger. werd, O.H.Ger. werid, warid, island) than O.E. wor^, farm, estate] WANE=Wain(e, q.v. WANKLI WANKLYN |!^ 1 for Walklin, q.v. WANNOP (Eng.) early forms seem to be lacking {-op is prob. (as in other cases) for O.E. hdp, a hollow ; while the first element may be either O.E. wann, dark, or 0.'E,.ge)wan, diminished, curtailed, with ref. to the shape of the hollow] Want 263 Wardlow WANT (Eng.) a nickname from the Mole [M.E. and Dial.E. wani{e, O.E. wand, a mole (animal] Walter le Wante.— Plac. Dam. Cap. Westm. In Wiltshire, in addition to want, the forms woont and 'oont are used {Wilts Gloss., p. 78). WAPLE for Walpole, q.v. WARBEY 1 (Scand.)earlyformslacking,butthe WARBY J signif. is prob. 'UerS's Farmstead' [O.N. uot^-r (genit. uar^ar) = O.E. w(e)ard, watchman, guardian + 0,N.6j;-»-| farm, &c.] WARBLE (Eng.) a descendant of the A.-Sax. Wcerb(^e)ald = Faithfully Bold [O.E. wckr, faith, fidelity, &c. + b{e)ald, bold] WARBLETON (Eng.) Bel. to Warbleton (Suss.), 13th cent. Warbeltone = W^er- b(e)ald's Estate [v. under Warble, and + O.E. tun, estate, &c.] WARBOISE I (Eng.) Bel. to Warboys (Hunts), WARBOYS 13th cent. Wardeioys; loihceni. WARBISS J Weardebusc = the Watch or Guard Bush or Thicket [O.E. weard (f.), genit. wearde,s. watching, guarding +6Mic] WARBRECK\(Scand.) Bel. to Warbreck or WARBRICK J Warbrick~(N. Lane). 13th cent. Warthebrec = the Watch or Guard Hill [O.N. uot^-r (genit. uarSar), a ward, watch + brekka, a slope, hill : cp. O.N. uar^berg^ watch-rock] WARBURTON (Eng.) Bel. to Warburton (Chesh.), A.D. 1 303-4 W«rJ-=Low Ger. ware, a weir] Henry de Ware. — Hund. Rolls. Ralph de la 'Wa.xe.—Hund. Rolls. Ware, Herts, was Waras (a pi. form) in Domesday-Bk. ' 2 Wary, Astute, Prudent [M.E. war{e, O.E. wter] Thorn' le Waire. — Charter-Rolls, A.D. 1 199-1200. Ant in werre [war] war ant wys.— Death of King Edw. I., 1. 14. verray fooles, nyce and blynd ben ye I Ther n'is nat oon can war by other be 1 Chaucer, Troil. & Cris., i. 202-3. What man so wise, what earthly witt so ware...? — Spenser, Faerie Queene, I. vii. i. Cp. Warr(e. WAREHAM 1 (Eng.) Bel. to i Wareham (Dor- WAREAM Uet), A. -Sax. Chro^. A.D. 876 WARHAM ] Werham = the Weir - En- closure or -Dwelling f O.E. wer, weir -f- ham{m, enclosure, &c.] 2 Warham (Norf.), 13th cent. Warham [same etym.] WAREING = Warm(g, q.v. WARGRAVE (Eng.) Bel. to Wargrave (Berks), 14th cent. Weregrave, Domesday Wer- grave = the Weir-Grove [O.E, wer, weir + grdf, grove] WARHURST (Eng.) Dweller at the Weir- Wood [O.E. wer, weir + hyrst, wood, copse] WAR IN l (A.-Fr.-Teut.) the French Warin, WARING J Guarin, Guerin, Gerin ('Chanson de Roland'), O.Teut.iri2>-m(o, Werin(o, found very commonly as a single name and also freq. in compound names like Warinbald, Warinbert, Warinfrid, Werinbald, Werin- hard, &c. Warino, Werin, Werina (f.), Werino, occur, e.g., in Heyne's coUeption of gth-i ith cent. Old Low Ger. names ('Altniederdeutsche Eigennamen') [usually said to be f. O.H.Ger. weri (mod. wehr) = O.E. waru, defence, protection ; but much more likely to be (with dim. suff. -in) f. O.H.Ger. and O.L.Ger. war (mod. Ger. wahr), iuct- = M.Dut. (14th cent.) waer (mod. Dutch waar) = O.E. wckr, true — ^^cogn. with Lat. ver-us, true] Warin-us (common).— Domesday-Bk. Warin de la Stane, — Hund. Rolls. Ivo fil. Guariu. — Patent Rolls. The form with added -g seems to make its first (genuine) appearance in the i6th- cent. — Richard Warynge. — Lane. Fines, A.D. 1528. Quant assez eust Charlemaine ris et joie men6e, lors fut command6 au due Guarin de Monglainne qu'il gabast [O.Fr, gaber, to jest].— G{u)arin de Monglane, 176. WARK 1 (Eng.) Bel. to Wark ; or Dweller at WARKEjor by the Fort or Castle [M.E. werk{e, O.E. ge)we{o)rc, a work, fortifica- tion] And Jiaes on Eastron worhte Alfred cyning l;#t!e werede geweorc aet i£|>elinga eigge. (And aftefwards, at Easter, King .£ltred, with a small company, built a fort (work) at Athelney).-— A.-Sax. Chron., A.D. 878. Galfridus de Werk, c. A.D. 1300.— Coldstream Chartulary, p. 42. At Wark, Carham, Northumb., " are traces o£ a border castle." WARKWORTH (Eng.) Bel. to Warkworth = the Fort- or Castle-Farm [v. under Wark, and -|- O.E. voor^, a farm, &c.] At Warkworth (a.d. i 199-1200 Werh- wurthe), Northumb., "the castle stands on a rock". \ Warland 26s Warren WARLAND (Eng.) Dweller at the Weir- \ Land [v. under Ware', and + M.E. O.E. \ '««<*] W^RLEY (Eng.) 1 Bel. to Warley (fairly \ common) , usually = the Weir-Lea [v. (under Ware', and + M.E. ley, O.E. leak, 1 a meadow] 1 Warley, Yorks, is the Domesday H^erZa. Gt. Warley, Essex, was Werleye Magna, A.D. 1320-1. But Warley, Wore, I3th-i4th cent. Werweleye, Weruelege, Domesday Wer- welie, evid. has ah A.-Sax. compound pers. name for its first element, prob. *Wieraieard. (occ.) 2 for Ward ley, q.v. WARLOW for Ward low, q.v. ' In addition to the fairly common 'de Werne' in Soms. i3th-i4th cent, records we also find 'atte Werne'. WARNER (A.-Fr.-Teut.) i the French War- mer, Guamier, Guamer,' Giimier, O. Teut. Warinherii, Warinhar(i, Werinherii, Wemhere, &c. [v. under Warin, and + O.Sax. O.H.Ger. heri, hart = O.E, here = O.N. her-r '= Goth, harji-s, army] ' Warner-US is the form in Domesday- Bk. and the i2th-cent. Pipe-Rolls ; War- ner and Wariner (le Botiler) occur in the i3th-cent. Hundred-Rolls. 2 a contr. of Warrener, q.v. Richard le Warner. — Hund. Rolls- Watte the Warner. — Piers Plowman, 3107. WARLTERS, a corrupt form of Walters, q.v. WARNES, Warn(e)'s (Son) : v. Warn(e'. WARMAN (Eng.) i the A.-Sax. WcBrmann= True Man [v. under Warin(g, and -|- O.E. manti] 2 Weir-Man [v. under Ware'] 3 for Warmund, q.v. WARMBY for Wharmby, q.v. WARMINGTON (Eng.) Bel. to Warmjngton (Northants : 13th cent. Wermington, loth cent. Wermingiiin, Wyrmingtun ; Warw. : 13th cent. Warmyntan, Domesday War- mintone) = the Estate of the Wyrm(a Family [the pers. name is f. O.E. wyrm (= O.N. orm-r), serpent, dragon + -inga, genit. pi. of the fil. suff. -ing 4- tin, estate, farm, &c.J WARMOND "1 (Eng.) the A.-Sax. Warmund = WARM U N D J True or Faithful Protector [O.E. wAr, true, &c. + mund, hand, pro- T tection, protector] Ace. to the A. -Saxon genealogies a Pr (q.v.) -f- the WARNOCK J dim. suff. -ic, -oc. =E}=Ware.q.v. Henry atte Warr. — Soms. Subs.-Roll, A,D. 1327. John la Warre. — Lane- Fines, A-J). 1310. WARRACK, like Warrick, for Warwick, q.v. WARRALLl (A.-Fr.-Teut.) the French Warel, WARRELL J Garel (later Gareau) [f. the Teut. stem seen under Warin ; and -|- the Fr. dim. suff. -el\ (Eng.) for Worrall, q.v. WARRAN for Warren, q.v. WARREN (A.-Fr.-Teut.) i Dweller at, or Keeper of, a Game-Preserve [M.E. wareine, wareyne. Sec, O.Fr. warenne (Fr. garenne), L.Lat. warenna, a warren ; f. O.Teut. ivarian, to preserve, protect, kinder] 266 Warrender Wase Hamelius de Waren'.— Charter-Rolls, A.D. 1 200-1. John de Warenne. — Hund. Rolls, A.D. 1274. Joh'es de Warenna comes Surr'. — Inq. ad q. Damn., A.D. 1338. There is a village called Garennes in the Eure Dept., Normandy. 2 for Wapin, q.v. Warren-US deEngayne 1 Testa de Nevill. Warm-US de Engayne J WARRENDER for Warrener, q.v. WARREN WARRI ;ner|W NER I [" A.-Fr.-Teut.) Warren-Keeper v. under Warren', and -|- the E. agent, suff. -er] William le Warenner. — Hund. Rolls. When the buckes take the does, Then the viarriner knowes There are rabbets in breeding. — Cobbes Prophecies, &c. (Madrigals), A.D. 1614. The French form is Garennier. Cp. Warner'. WARRENS, pi., and genit., of Warren, q.v. WARRICK for Warwick, q.v. WARRICKER for Warwioker, q.v. WARRI N,v. Warren. WARRING, v. Waring. WARRINGTON (Eng.) Bel. to Warrington (Lane), 14th cent. Weryngton, 13th cent. Weringtott, 12th cent. Wlinton, Domesday Walintune, A.-Sax. *W(e)al(h)inga-tun = the Estate of the W(e)alh Family [O.E. W(e)alh, Welshman, foreigner -|- -inga, genit. pi. of the fil. suff. -ing + tun, estate, farm, &c.] The earliest forms virith -/- cannot be ignored : the / — ;- interchange is a well- known phonetic characteristic of the A.-Norman period. The Bucks hamlet Warrington may, however, represent an A.-Sax. *Waringa- tiin, 'the Estate of the Waer- Family.' WARRY (Scot.-E.) True [M.Scot, warray, werray ; f. O.E. wckr, true, with later dim. suff. -J/] WARSON, Warr's Son : v. Warr, Ware, esp. 2. WARTH (Eng.) Dweller at a River-Bank or a Shore [O.E. iwaj-otS] Dialectally, warth sometimes denotes a river-side meadow. In the North, where the word occ. has the meaning 'ford', there has evid. been confusion with O.N. Ma«, a ford. WARTON (Eng.) I Bel. to Warton (N. Laac, two, both occurring in Domesday-Bk. as Wartun; Northumb.) = the Weir-Farm [O.E. wer, weir, dam -|- tun, farm, &c.] The Wertun occurring in a (Latin) grant by King .^Ethelstan to St. Cuthbert's, Durham ('Cart. Sax.' no. 685), app. does not refer to the Northumb. Warton. 2 Bel. to Warton or Waverton (Warw. ■ 13th cent. Wavertone, Waverton) = the Aspen-Poplar Farm [the woird waver seems to have been applied to the aspen- poplar ; f. O.E. wcefre, wavering, flickering] There has probably been some con- fusion with Wharton. WARWICK \(Eng.) i Bel. to Warwick WARWICKE J .(Warw.), 13th cent. Warewyk, Warewyck, 12th cent. Warewic, Domes- day Warwic, A.-Sax. Chron. a.d. 914-915 Wckrinc wlc, 'set Wdzring wicum'; Latin charter dated A.D. 710, but written cen- turies later, 'in plaga Warewicensi ('Cart. Sax.' no. 127); for orig. Wtkringa wicum (dat. pi.) = (at) the Camp or Fortified Place of the W^r- Family [the pers. name is f. O.E. wckr, true + -inga, genit. pi. of the 'son' suff. -ing + wlc, dat. pi. wicum ; sg. dwelling(s, pi. camp, fortress] The spellings- of the name in the 14th- 15th cent. MSS. of the famous 'Guy of Warwick' are noteworthy — Gye he hyght of Warwykk. — 1. 123. 1 hyght Gye of Warwyke. — 1. 5973. (Camb. MS. Ff. 2, 38). Gij of Warwike his name Was. — 1. 157. (Auchinleck MS,). Guyeof Warrewik his name was. — 1. 157. (Caius MS.). 2 Bel, to Warwick (Cumb.), 13th cent, Wardswyk, Wardwyk, Warthwik = the Guard's or Watchman's Place [0.(N.)E. ward = O.N. uortS-r, watchman, &c. •\- O.E. wic, dwelling(s, &c.] WARWICKER = Warwick (q.v.) + the E. agent, suff. -er. WASE (Eng.) Dweller at a Muddy or Marshy Place [0;E. wase, mud, marsh = O.H.Ger. waso, damp soil, sward] (A.-Fr.-Celt.) = Wace, q.v. Philip Wase.— if««d. Rolls. Washbourn(e 267 Waters WASHBOURN(E T (Eng.) Bel. to Washbourne WASHBURN(E f (Glouc: Domesday Wasse- \ borne; Devon: 13th cent. Wasseburne; \ Wore, &c.) = the Flood-Brook, i.e. \ a brook liable to flooding [O.E. ge)wcBsc, a flood, overflow + bume, a stream] WASHINGTON (Eng.) Bel. to Washington (Suss., Durham, Derby), A.-Sax. Hwtesis)- inga-tlin=t\xe Estate of the HwiEs(s- Family [the pers. name is f. O.E. hwais{s (= O.H.Ger. h)was), sharp, keen + -inga, genit. pL of the fil. suff. -ing + tun, estate, farm, &c.] The Sussex place occurs in the loth cent, as Wasinga-tun, Wassinga-tiin, and Hwessinga-tun ; the Durham village was Wessinton in the 13th cent., Wassyngton in the 12th cent. (Boldon Book) ; the Derbyshire township is also known as Wessington. The ancestors of the first President of \, the United States are believed to have come from the Durham village. WASON, Wase's, or Wage's Son : v. Wase', Wace. WASS "1 (Eng.) I Bel. to Wass (Yorks), app. WASSE J a form of Wase : v. Wase. (occ.) 2 Sharp, Keen [O.E. hwcesis = O.H.Ger. h)was\ (A.-Fr.-Celt.) = Waoe, q.v. ' Waso. — Domesday-Bk. WASSELIN (A.-Fr.-Teut.) 13th cent. Wascelin, Wascelyn, Wacelin, Wacelyn [f. O.H.Ger. hjwas, sharp, keen + the Fr. double dim. suff. -el-in] WASTALL WASTEL WASTELL meton. for Wastelep, q.v. WASTELER (A.-Fr.-Teut.) Cake -Maker [M.E. wastekr; f. M.E. A,-Fr, wasteHl (Fr. gateau), cake or bread of superior quality ; O.Fr. gastel, O.H.Ger. wastet] Of smale [small] houndes hadde she that she fedde With rosted flessh, or milk and wastel breed [bread].— Chaucer, Cant. Tales, A 146-7. WATCH FIELD (Eng.) Bel. to Watchfield (Berks, Soms., &c,) ; or Dweller at the Watch-Field, i.e. the Field of the Watch- House [O.E. w(ecce(n), a watch, vigil -I- feld, a field, plain] Watchfield, Berks, the Domesday Wachenestfeld, occurs in the 8th and 9th ceat.dLsWacenesfeld. A charter ('Cart. Sax', no. 67s), dated A.D. 931, but prob. an nth cent, copy, has the form Wachenesfeld (twice) and also Wceclesfeld. The late Prof. Skeat has a long and careful note on this name in his 'Place-Names of Berkshire' (p. 42) ; but I differ entirely from his con- clusions. He interprets as 'Wacol's Field', because, he says, the form Wceclesfeld "makes far better sense". It is true that O.E. wacen, wcecen, orwceccen, is usually in- flected as a fem. noun ; but nouns ending in -en are also common to the neuter and masc. inflections with genit. -es. Besides, the phonetics are against Wcecles- feld being the true orig. form ; and analogy shows A.-Sax. Weed- commonly yielding a mod. Wall-. WATCHORN (Eng.) Dweller at a Watch or LooK-OuT Horn-shaped Hill [O.E. wcBcce -H horti] WATERALL (A.-Fr.-Teut.) repr. the M. French Gauterel, mod, Gautereau, Gautreau ; f. (with dim. suff. -eT) Gauter, Gautier, Gualter. O. Teut. Walther : v. Walter. WATERER (Eng.) Dweller by the Water [O.E. wceter -\- the agent, suff. -ere] Cp. Brooken. WATERFIELD (Eng.) Dweller at the Water(y Field [O.E. wceter + feld] WATERHOUSE (Eng.) Dweller at the House by the Water [O.E. wceter + htis] There is a place called Waterhouses in Durham. WATERLEADER (Eng.) Water-Carrier [M.E. waterleder ; f, O.E. wceter + a der. of Udan (M.E. leden), to lead, carry] WATERLOW (Teut.) If this name were English it would mean the 'Mound [O.E. hlcew^ by the Water'; but it seems to be an Angli- cization of the Belgian Waterloo = the Water(y Lea [Flem. water + loo (00 as 0) = O.E. ledh, meadow,] WATERMAN (Eng.) i Boatman, Ferryman lO.E. wceter -\-mann] Adam le Wateiman.—Hund. Soils. 2 occ. for the M.E. Wa{l)terman, i.e. Wa(l)ter's Man (-Servant) [v. Walter, and cp. Waters] WATERS, a form of Walters, q.v., the form doubtless being mainly due to the French homogetietic Wauter, Waut{h)ier. The occurrence of Waters as the name of noblemen in two ballads in (among others) the Percy collection, viz. 'Young Waters' and 'Child Waters' (see the quot. under ChMd(e), suggests that the -s in 268 Waters on Wattson some cases is not the Eng. genit. but the O.Fr. formative (nom.) suft., as in "li quens Gualters" (the Count Walter) of the ' Chanson de Roland', 1. 800. 'Child Waters' was translated into German with the title 'Graf [Earl] Walter.' WATERSON, a form of Walterson, q.v.: cp. Waters. ^ Johannes Wauterson. — Yorks Poll-Tax, A.D. 1379. WATERWORTH (Eng.) Dweller at the Farm or Estate by the Water [O.E. wteter + WATES = Waites, q.v. WATFORD (Eng.) Bel. to Watford (Herts: 13th cent. Wateford, loth cent. Watford — 'Cart. Sax.' no. 812; Northants : 13th' cent. Watforde) = the Hurdle-Ford [O.E. wat-el, wattle, hurdle + ford] WATH \ (Scand.) Bel. to Wath ; or Dweller WATHE J at the Ford [O.N. aaS] The Yorks Waths occur in Domesday- Bk. as Wat or Wate. WATKIN, a double dim. of Walter", q.v. [E. dim. snS. -kin, O.L.Teut. -k-in] WATKINS, Watkin's (Son) "1 . - ^|v. Watkin. WATKIN SON, Watkin's Son J WATKISS, an assim. form of Watkins, q.v. WATLING (Eng.) i the A.-Sax. pers. name Wailing, Wcetling = WiETL(A)'s Son [the pers. name is doubtless a nickname f. O.E. watla, a swathe, bandage : 1- the 'son' suff. -ing\ Wailing occurs as the name of a tenant in the Boldon Book (Durham, 12th cent.) Geoffrey Wateling.—ffM«i. Rolls (Norf.) 2 occ. short for Watlington, q.v. WATLINGTON (Eng.) Bel. to Watlington (Oxon : 13th cent. Watlington, 9th cent. Uuaetlinctun, W(Btling[a\tun ; Norf.: 13th cent. Watlington) = the Estate of the W.«tl(a Family [v. Watling: -inga, genit. pi. of the fil. suff. -ing + tiin, farm, estate, &c.] WATMAN, Wat's or Watt's MAN(-Servant) : V. Watt. WATMOUGH"! (Teut,) Wat's Relative, more WATMUFF /specif. Brother-in-Law [v. Watt ; and + North. E. mough, maugh, brother-in-law, f. O.N. mdg-r, brother-in- law, father-in-law, son-in-law = O.E. magu, mdga, kinsman, son] Robert Watmaghe.^— Yorks Poll-Tax, A.D. 1379. WATNEY (Eng.) Early forms seem to be lacking: phonetically the name reprt-ji sents an A. -Sax. *Watanig = 'Wata's Island or Riparian Land' [O.E. ig, island, &c.] WATSHORN for Watohorn, q.v. WATSON \ Wat's or Watt's Son : v. WATSOUNJ Watt. In the Yorks Poll-Tax, A.D. 1379, we find both Watsonaxid Wattson as surnames. Robertas Watsoun de Yselye, A.D. 1537-8. — Coldstream Chartulary, p. 86. WATT, a dim. of Walter, q.v. Watte the warner; — Piers Plowman, 3107. A hundred thousand Kentishmen gathered round Wat Tyler of Essex. — Green, Hist. Eng. People, p. 486. WATTERS, like Waters, a form of Walters, q.v. WATTERSON, like Waterson, a forin of Walterson, q.v. WATTIE =Watt (q.v.) -|- the E. dim. suff. -U. WATTIS=Wattie's (Son) : v. Wattie. WATTLEWORTH, aa assim. form of Ward le- worth, q.v. WATTON (Eng.), Bel. to Watton (Yorks: Domesday Wattune; Herts: Domesday'. Watone; Norf.), 13th cent. Watton (a%d normally A.-Sax. *Watan-tlin (cp. Watan^ cumb, 'Cart. Sax.' no. 246) = Wata's Estate \_Watan-, genit. of Wata + tin, estate, farm, etc.] Wattune occurs in a Latin charter (c. A.D. 970) to Westminster Abbey. Watton, Yorks, has been identified with the Veta- dun of Baeda's 'Hist. Eccl.', V. iii. If the identification and the form are correct the second element in this case is O.E. diin, 'hill.' And as Wsitton, Herts, occurs several times as Wadtiin in an A.-Sax. manor-record ('Dipl. Augl.', p. 650), this is doubtless 'Wada's Estate.' WATTS, Watt's (Son) 1 ,,, . . WATTSON, Watt's Son f "■ ***"• William Wattes.— /f«»rf. Rolls. Cp. Watson. Wauchope 269 Weare WAUCHOP(E (Scot.-Eng.) Bel. to Wauchope (Dumfr.), 14th cent. Wdchop, Walghopp, 13th cent. Waluchop = the Welsh Hope or Hill-Recess [O.N.E. walk, Briton, Welshman -|- -hop : v. Hope] WAUDE } (^"80 forms of Wold, q.v. Thomas de la Waude. — Hund. Rolls. Wauds, sb.pl., Wolds : thus the ridge of hills in the East, and part of the North Riding of Yorksliire is called ; and some- times the country adjoining is called the wauds.^ Brokeshy; Ray's North-Ctry. Wds. (1691). WAUGH (N.Eng.andScot.)Dwellerat a Wall [O.E. wag, wdh; whence Scot, waugh, wauch, a wall] Willelmus Wahh.— Yorks Poll-Tax, A.D. 1379. As this is more specifically a Border name, the Wall in question is doubtless Hadrian's. WAVERLEY (Eng.) Bel. to Waverley (Surrey), I3th-i4th cent. Waverley, Waverle = the Waver-Lea [see under Waverton, and -1- M.E. ley, le, &c., O.E. ledh, a meadow] Abb' de Waverle. — Charter-Rolls, A.D. 1331. WAVERTON (Eng.) Bel. to Waverton (Cumb.: 1 3th cent. Waverton; Chesh.) = the Waver Enclosure or Farmstead. The Cumb. place is on the River Waver. Waver [O.E. wck^re, flickering, wavering] seems to have been used as a name for the aspen or trembling poplar (cp. 'Wavertree,' Lane; also: "Wavers, yonng timberlings left standing in a fallen wood" — E. Yorks Gloss., 1788); and our Waver and Weaver streams were app. so called from the prevalence of this tree along their banks: cp. Ash-Brook, Willow-Brook, Withy-Brook, Alder-Brook, Eller-Beck, EUer-Burn, &c. WAY 1 (Eng.) Dweller at the Path or Road WAYE ; [M.E. wey{e, O.E. weg'\ Thomas de la Weye. — Hund. Rolls. WAYGOOD (Eng.) a descendant of the A. -Sax. pers. name Wigod= War-God [O.E. wig, I war + god, a god] WAYLAND (Eng.) i Bel. to Wayland (Norf.), 13th cent. Wayland, Weyland, Weylond, &c. = the Way-Land [O.E. weg, a way^ path -I- lani\ 2 the A.-Sax. mythological and ^ers. name Weland, as in 'Welandes smitSSe' ('Cart. Sax.' no. 908), Weland's Smithy, i.e. Wayland Smith's Cave, Berks ; and in 'Welandes stocc'CCS.' no. 603), Bucks. And some of the chroniclers give Weland (evid. Anglicized) as the name of a Danish invader of England a.d. 860-1. [The second element seems to be really -land, not -andai anger, zeal, and the name prob: repr. O.E. wea(l)land,(oxe\gn land, the inference being that the characteriza- tion of the heroic Weland, Super-Smith, (Teut.) Vulcan, is based on a real pre- historic persotiage, a smith of exceptional fame, who received from the Saxons a nickname appropriate to an apparently foreign origin. The synonymous O.Norse Volund-r and O.H.Ger. Wielant do not correspond in form, a fact which prob. f points in these cases to borrowing from 1 the Saxons before the migratory period] it is Hraedla's relic (or legacy), Weland's work. — Bedwulf, 913-14. liaet is Hraedlan laf, Welandes geweorc Cp. Welland. WAYLETT, V. Wallett WAYMAN (Eng.) i = Way (q.v) -f- E. man. 2 for Waithman, q.v. WAYMOUTH for Weymouth, q.v. WAYNE = Waine, q.v. WAY RE = Ware, q.v. WAYTE}=Wait(e,q.v. WAYTH 1 ^ yNeXM^ Q v WAYTHE f watnie, q.v. WEAFER = Weaver, q.v. WEAKLEY = Weekley, q.v. WEAKLIN = Wakelin, q.v. WEAL 1 (Eng.) i Dweller at a Well [O.E. WEALE I wiellal WEAL L J 2 = Wale, q.v. WEALD (Eng.) Dweller at a Weald or Forest [O.E. weald] WEALTHY for Walthew, q.v. (Eng.) Dweller at a Weir [M.E. wer{ei O.E. wer, weir, dam, fishing- place] John de la "Were..— Hund. Rolls. The Somerset parish Weare "derived its present appellation from a wear that formerly existed on the river [Axe]". — Nat. Gas. WEAR WEARE Wearing 270 Weedon Cp. Ware. (Celt.) Dweller at the R. Wear, loth centWyrei". ■ ■ et meam villara dilfectam Wyremnihe": 'Cart. Sax.' no. 685), Ptolemy's Vedra [the name can hardly be separated from that of the Welsh rivers Wyre and the Lane. W3rre (13th cent. Wyre): O.Wel. wyre, a spreading] WEARING, V. Waring. WEARMOUTH (Celt. + E.) Bel. to Wear- mouth [v. under Wear (Celt.), and -|- O.E. miilSa, river-mouth] WEARN WEARNE I V. Waifn(e (A.-Celt.) WEATHERALL, v. WetheralL WEATHERBEE, v, Wetherby. WEATHERBURN, v. Wetherburn. WEATHERBY, v. Wetherby. WEATHERED k V. Wetherhead. WEATHERHEAD. WEATHERHERD, v. Wetherherd. WEATHERHOG(G, v. Wetherhog(g. WEATHERILT, v. Wetherheald. WEATHERLEY WEATHERLY [ V. Wetherley. WEATHERSPOON, v. Wetherspoon. WEATHERSTONE, v. Wetherstone. WEAVER (Eng.) i Cloth-Weaver [M.E. wever{e ; f. M.E. weveit, O.E. wefan, to weave] Cp. Webb(e, Webber, and Webster. 2 Dweller by the R. Weaver (Chesh.) [v. under Waverton] William Weyver, booker (Chesh.). — Siar-Chmhr. Proc, c, A.D. 1520 (Bostock V. Dutton). WEBB "1 (Eng.) Weaver [M.E. wehhe, O.E. WEBBE J webba (m.), webbe (f.), weaver] Adam le V^ebhe.—Hund. Rolls. My wif was a webbe, And woUen cloth made ; She spak to spynnesteres To spynnen it oute. — Piers Plowman, 2901-4. A webbe, a dyere, and a tapycer. — , Chaucer, Cant. Tales, A 362. WEBBER (Eng.) Weaver [M.E. mebberfe, O.E. webbere] WEBER (Ger.) Weaver : v. the Appendix of Foreign Names. WEBLEY (Eng.) Dweller at the Webb's or Weaver's Lea [v. under Webb, and -f- M.E. ley, O.E. ledh, a meadow] WEBSTER (Eng.) (orig. female) Weaver [M.E. webster(e, webester[e, webbester(e, &c. ; O.E. webbestre, female weaver] John le Webestere. — Htind. Rolls, A.D. 1274. Adam le Webbester. — Lane. Fines, A.D. 1332. Wollen webbesters [var. Wollewebsteres^ And weveres of lynnen. Piers Plowman, 436-7. WEDDELL ) (Eng.y i the A.-Sax. pers. name WEDDLE } Wedel.Wadel: v.VJsiddleW WEDELL ) 2 = Weedall, Weedell, q.v. WEDDERBURN (Scot.-Eng.) Bel. to Wedder- burn = the Wether-Brook [Scot, wedder, O.E.we^er=0.^.ue/Sr(Da.n.-NoTw.vader), a wether, ram -|- burn, O.E. bums, a stream] WEDDERSPOON, v. Wetherspoon. WEDDICOMBE, v Widdicombe. WEDGE (A.-rr.-Teut.) Pledge, Surety [Early Mod. E. wedge, M.E. O.Fr. wage (Ft. gage), L.Lat. wadium: cp. O.N. «eS (=0.E. wedd), genit. pi. wetS/a, a pledge, ' surety] WEDGWOOD WEDGEWOOD ) the i6th-cent. Wedgwood ssem to be lack- ing. The name is prob. a voiced form of O.E. wacce, a watch or guard + wudu, a wood] WEDLAKE ) (Eng.) Pledge-Gift [O.E. wed- WEDLOCK J Idc—wedd, a pledge -f- Idc, a gift, offering] There is no trace of this being also a local name; otherwise it would denote 'Weedy Lake.' WEDMORE (Eng.) Bel. to Wedmore (Soms.), 14th cent. Wedmor = the Weedy Moor [M.E. wed, O.E. weod, a weed -f- M.E. mor(e, O.E. mor, a moor] WEEDALL ] (Eng.) Dweller at i the Weedy WEEDELL \ Corner (-Field) [O.E. we'od, WEEDILL J weed(s -|- healXh, a corner] 2 the Weedy Hill [O.E. hyll] WEEDEN \ (Eng.) Bel. to Weedon (Bucks, WEEDON J Northants : 13th cent. Wedont A.-Sax. W^odiin) = the Weedy Hill [O.E. w^od, weed(s + dun, hill] \ (EngJ Bel. to Wedgwood I I (Stafifs) [Earlier forms than Week 271 Welford WEEK UEng. and Scand.) Bel. to Week, a WEEKE J phoDologically more correct form than the commoner Wick, q.v. Three of the Somerset places so named are or were called indifferently Week or Wick. WEEKES 1 1 genit., and pi., of Week(e, q.v. WEEKS J 2 assim. forms of Wilkes, q.v. WEEKLEY\(Eng.) Bel. to Weekley (North- WEEKLY J ants), a.d. 956 Wlcledh = the Wick-Lea [v. under Wick, and + O.E. ledh, a meadow, &c.] WEET (Eng.) Active, Bold [O.E. hwdkt, active, sharp, bold, brave: cp. the N.E. weet, nimble] WEETiViAN (Eng.) the A.-Sax. Hwdetman{n [v. Weet, and + O.E. man{n'\ App. not conf. with Welghtman. WEEVER = Weaver, q.v. WEGG "1 (Scand.) the I3th-I4th cent. Wegge, WEGGEj Wege, nth cent. Wege (DomesA&y), Wegga (a pet contr. of one of the O.N. Udg- = A.-Sax. W(kg- names) [O.N. udg-r = O.E. wcBg, wave, sea] This IS a very ancient Teut. name- element, a WcegdcBg, e.g., being given in the A.- Sax. genealogies as the name of a descendant of Woden. Willelmus Wege: — Yorks Pqll-Tax, A.D. 1379. WEIGAUL 1 (Eng.) Bel. to Wighill(W. Yorks), WEIGELL ^ 14th cent. Wyghehale, Domesday WEIGHILLj Wicheles [prob. O.E. wic, sg. dwelling(s, pi. fortifications, castle, &c. -|- h{e)alas, pi. of h{e)al(h, a nook, corner] WEIGHT for Wait(e, q.v. WEIGHTIVIAN for Waithman, q.v. WEI NT for Went, q.v. WEIR, V. Weap(e. Note: "The M'Nairs of Cowal, &c., Anglicize their name as Weir." — MacBain, Inverness Names, p. 62. WELBORN(E ] (Eng.) Bel. to Welborne WELBOURN(E WNorf.), Welbourne (Lines), WELBURN J Welburn (N. Yorks'); or Dweller at the Well or Spring Brook [O.E. w(i)eU{a + burna] The Yorkshire villages occur as Welle- brune in Domesday-Book. The Lincoln- shire place was Wellebum in the 13th cent. WELBY (Scand.) Bel. to Weljjy (Lines : 13th- 14th cent. Wellebie, Welleby ; Leic.) = the Well or Spring Farm [O.N. uel{l (Dan.- Norw. vald, with intrus. -d) -I- b^-r] Gilbertus de Welby. — Inq. adg. Damn., A.D. i349_ WELCH = Walsli, q.v. Nicholas Welch, cooper. — Chester Freemen, A.D. i638-9- WELCH iVi AN (Eng.) Welshman: v. Walsh- man, Walsh. Thomas Welchman. — Wills at Chester, A.D. 1621. WELCOIVlE(Eng.) i a nickname [M.E.roefcow/^, welcume; cp. O.E. wilcuma, a welcome guest] Cp. the synonymous French surname Bienvenu. 2 Bel. to Welcombe (Devon : 14th cent. Welcombe) = the Well-Valley [O.E. w{i)ell(a + cumb: v. under Combe] In a Devonshire charter dated A.D. 739 ('Cart. Sax.' no. 1331) we find a wealda , cumb mentioned; but this does not refer to the Welcombe nr. Hartland. WELD \(Eng.) Dweller at a Weald or WELDE J Forest [O.E. weald] John atte Welde. — Pat. Rolls, A.D. 1330. Willelmus del Weld.— Yorks Poll-Tax, A.D. 1379. Richard Welde, sherman. — Chester Freemen, A.D. 1563-4. WELDHEN, app. for Weidon, q.v. WELDON (Eng.) Bel. to Weidon (Northants : J ^thceat. Weidon, 13th cent. Weledon; Sec); or Dweller at the Spring-Hill [O.E. •m{i)ell{a, a spring + dun, a hill] WELFARE \ (Eng.) a nickname [M.E. welfare; WELFEAR JO.E. wel, well H- faru, a faring, (lit.) a journey] Simon Welfare. — Hund. Rolls- WELFORD (Eng.) Bel. to 1 Welford (Berks), loth cent. Weligford = the WlLLOw- ' Ford [O.E. welig, a willow + ford\ 2 Welford (Warw.-Glouc), I3th-I4th cent, Welneford, Domesday Welleford = the Ford of (by) the Springs [O.E. w{i)ella, a spring, genit. pi. w{i)ellena + .ford\ 3 Welford (Northants), I3th-i4th cent. Welforde, Welleford = the Ford by the Spring [O.E. w{f)ell{a, a spring -f-/or//(n, a spring, well -I- Steele, a place] WELLUM, V. Welham. WELMAN, V. Wellman. WELSBY, v.Walesby. WELSH, V. Welch, Walsh. I V. Wellste(a)d. WELSTEAD WELSTED WELTON (Eng.) Bel. to Welton = the Farm- stead by the Spring [O.E. w{i)ell{a, a spring -f tiin, a farmstead, &c.] Welton, Northants and Lines, was Welton I3th-I4th cent. Welton, Soms., was Weleton 13th cent. Welton, Yorks, was Welleton and Welletun in Domes- day-Bk. WEM (Celt.) Bel. to Wem ; or Dweller by the Cave or Den [M.Ir. and Gael, uaim (mod. uaimh, uamk) ; cogn. with Wei. ogof (-/for earlier -m), a cave, den] Uamh nam fear (Cave of the men), "a very singular cavern in the Island of St. Mac Cormaig, in the Sound of Jura." The same word is used in the Irish Odyssey with reference to the cave of the Cyclops — Is and sin tanic Uilix d'iarrair ind fir m6ir, co riacht co dorus na \\-uama (Then went Ulysses to seek the big man and came to the door of the cave). — Merugud Uilix (Wandering of Ulysses), A.D. 1300, 11. 50-1. (Eng.) Bel. to Wem (for Whem); or Dweller at the CORNER or Nook of Land [O.E. hwemm] Wem, Salop, in Domesday-Bk. Wenie, is prob. Celtic. WEM BLEY \ (Eng.) Bel. to Wembley (M'sex), WEMLEY J 9th cent. (Lat. charters) Wemba lea, Wambe lea = Wamba's Lea [A.-Sax. *Wamhan-ledli (dat. led) — Wamban-, genit. of Wamba, a nickname f. O.E. wamb, stomach] WEMS "1 (Celt, -f- Eng.) Bel. to Wemyss WEMYSS J (Scot.) ; or Dweller by the Caves [v. Wem (Celt.), and -|- the E. pi. suff. -s'\ The coast [at Wemyss, co. Fife], which is bold and rocky, extends a considerable distance into the sea, and is perforated with many caves. One of these caves extends 200 feet in length, and in another James IV was entertained by gipsies. — Nat. Gaz. (1868) Wenborn 274 Weint WEN WEN WENBORN (Scand.) app. represents an O. Norse Uinbiorn = Friendly Bear [O.N. uin-r, a friend + biorn, a bear] DE } (Eng-) I = Went(e, q.v. John atte Wend, A.D. 1381.— Blomefield, Hist- Norf. (rarely) 2 f. the A.-Sax. pers. name Wenda (llie form Wendel — with dim. suff. -el — was commoner, esp. compounded) [the ethnic name : prob. f. an O.Teut. word seen in O.H.Ger. wentt, a bovmdary, turning (Mod. Ger. wende, a turning, turning-point); hence the Mark or March People — O.H.Ger. iw?Mte« = O.Sax. wend- ian = O.E. wendan = Goth, wandjan, to turn] WENDENl (Eng.) Bel. to Wenden (Gt. and WENDON J Little), Wendon(Essex), 13th cent. Wenden, Wendon [doubtless (as is so often the case) -den is for -don, O.E. dun, a hill ; the first element prob. being the pers. name Wena (O.E. wSna, hope): if the -den were really original (certainly Domesday- Bk. has Wendena) it, of course, would be O.E. denu, a valley] In 1261-2 the manor of Wendon (Essex) belonged to Mauricius de Berkeley. WENDLIN "1 (Eng.) Bel. to Wendling (Norf.), WENDLING I 13th cent. Wendling, A.-Sax. *Wend(e)lingas (dat. Wend(e)lingum) = (the Estate of the) Wendel Family [v. under Wend', and -|- the pi., -ingas, of the O.E. ' son ' suff. -ing'\ Abbas de Wendlyng. — Inq. ad q. Damn., A.D. 1352. But for the occurrence of the same patronymic in Wellingborough (North- ants), the A.-Sax. Wendlingburg, we might have suspected the -ing of the Norfolk place-name tobetheO.North. and East.E. ing, borrowed from O.N. eng, 'meadow.' WEN DOVER (Celt.) Bel. toWendover (Bucks), 14th cent. Wendover, Domesday Wen- dovre, 10th cent. (obi. case) (zt Weendofron (/ as v) = the White or Clear Water [the early form of Wei. g)wyn {iem.g)wen) = Corn, guyn, gwin = Bret, guen = Gaul. vind-,vih\\.e, fair -f- the early form of Wel. dwfr — Corn. rfo/er=Bret. dour = Ir. and Gael, dobhar = Gaul, dubr-, water] WENHAM (Eng.) Bel.to Wenham (Suff.), 13th- 14th cent, and Domesday Wenham = (prob.) Wena's Home [A.-Sax. *Wenan-hdm — Wenan-, genit. of Wena (f. wSna, hope)-f hdm, home, estate] WENLOCK (Eng.) Bel. to Wenlock (Salop), I3th-I4th cent. Wenlok, Wenloke, Domes- day Wenloch = (prob.) Wena's Strong- hold [A.-Sax. *Wenan-loca — Wenan-, genit. of Wena (f. wena, hope) -f- loca, a stronghold, fortified enclosure] Prior et Conventus de Wenloke. — Charter-Rolls, A.D. 1268-9. WEN MAN = Wainman, q.v. WENN (Eng.) Dweller at the Furze [a var. of M.E. winne, whynne, whin, furze; cogn. with Scand. hven, bent-grass] Johannes atte Wenne. — Soms. Subs. Roll, A.D. 1315-16. WENNINGTON (Eng.) Bel. to Wennington (Lanes, Hunts, Essex), the A.-Sax. *Wen- inga-tiin = the Estate of the Wena Family [the pers. name is O.E. wSna, hope -f- the genit. pi., -inga, of the fil. suff. -ing + tun, farm, estate, &c.] The Hunts place occurs in a loth-cent. Latin grant as Wenintona and Wenigtone. The Lanes township was Weninton, Wen- igton, and Wenington in the 13th cent. ; it is situated on the Wenning Brook, whose name is doubtless from the place-name. There has been some confusion with Winnington. WENSLEY (?Celt. -|- Eng.) Bel. to Wensley (Yorks), 13th cent. Wenslay-dale, the Domesday Weudreslaga and Wentreslage [O.E. ledii, a meadow : the first element has the appearance of being a pers. name in the genit. ; but pre-i ith cent, lorms are desirable ; and, in fact, the Domesday -re- may represent the river-name Ure, in which case Went- would also be Celt., prob. O.Wel. g)went, a plain] WENT ] (Eng.) Dweller at a Passage, Alley, WENTElor Crossway [Dial, and M.E. WEINT j went{e; f. O.E. wendan, to turn, to go] Henry de la Wente. — Hund. Rolls. Is thorugh a goter [gutter] by a privg wente Into my chaumbre come... — Chaucer, Troil. & Cris., iii. 787-8. Went, a way; as, 'at the four wents', i.e. at the meeting of the four ways. — Pegge, Kenticisms (1735). Went, a crossway. — Parish, Diet. Suss. Dial. (1875). Wents, narrow lanes in Cockerraouth, Workington, and other towns. — Dickinson, Cumbd. Gloss. (1878). Wentworth 275 Western Between the Tower and the river at one time was a passage which led into the churchyard ... this passage became a street, and is now Prison Weint. — Stonehouse, Streets of L'pool (i&6^), p. 16. TheYorks river-name Went(e (v. under Wandsworth) has prob. had no surnominal influence. Cp. Wend(e. WENTWORTH (Eng.) Bel. to Wentworth (Yorks : 14th cent. Wynt(e)morth, Domes- day Winteworde ; Cambs : a.d. 1428 Wynteworthe (Skeat, ' PI. Names Camb.,' p. 27), Domesday Winteworde), A.-Sax. *Wintanwor'S = Winta's Farm or Estate [Winta — the name of one of the early descendants of Woden — is app. not a Tent, name : it is prob. Celt., t. the early form (v. under Wandsworth) of Wei. g)wyn, white, fair, blessed : 1- O.E. Ivor's, farm, estate, homestead] WERE = Weir, Wear(e, q.v. WERNETH (Celt.) Bel. to Werneth (Lane. : 14th cent. Wernyth, 13th cent. Vernet = the Alder-Grove, Alder-Mead [Wei. g)weriiydd {dd as th), f. g)wem-en, alder- tree, with the pi. suff. -ydd] WERNHAM, v. Warnham. WERRY, V. Warry. Peter Werri.- -Hund. Rolls. WESCOTT for Westcott, q.v. Richard de Wescote. — Soms. Subsidy-Roll, A.D. 1327. WESLAKE for Westlake, q.v. WESLEY I for Westley, q.v. 2 for Wellesley, q.v. Arthur Wellesley, first Duke of Welling- ton, signed himself 'Wesley' in the early part of his career. He is said to have belonged to a branch of the same family as that from which John Wesley sprang. WESS I = Wass, q.v. 2 for West, q.v. WESSCOTT for Westcott, q.v. WESSON, an assim. form of Weston, q.v. WEST (Eng.) One from the West ; a West- couNTRYMAN [M.E. west(e, O.E. west] Robertus del West. — Yorks Poll-Tax, A.D. 1379. A shipman was ther, wonynge [dwelling] fer by weste; For aught I woot [know] he was of Dertemouthe. — Chaucer, Cant. Tales, A 388-9. WESTACOTT = Westcott (q.v.) with phon. intrus. -a-. WeIt EUL I ^°'"^®^*''^"' "'•''■ WESTAWAY = Westway (q.v.) with phon. intrus. -a-. WESTBURY (Eng.) Bel. to Westbury (a common Eng. place-name) = 1 the West Stronghold [O.E. west + burh, burg, a fortified place] Thus, Westbury-on-Trym occurs in a charter of Offa, king of the Mercians, as 't(5 Westbyrig' — byrig, dat. oiburg; and Westbury-on-Avon in a charter by the same king as Wesiburg. The Bucks place was Westburi in the 13th cent. 2 the West Hill [O.E. west -\- beorh] WESTBY(Scand.)Bel. to Westby = the West Farmstead [O.N.««;-r4-Jj'-'',farm,estate] The Yorks place occurs as Westeby in the 14th cent. Cp. Westerby. WESTCOATT, v. Westcott. WESTCOMB(E (Eng.) Bel. to Westcomb(e = the West Valley [O.E. west + cumb (f. Celt.] WESTCOTT (Eng.) Bel. toWestcot, Westcote, Westcott ; or Dweller at the West Cottage(s [O.E. west + cot, pi. cotui Nicholas de Westcote. — Hund. Rolls. WESTERBY (Scand.) Bel. to Westerby; or Dweller at the Western Farmstead [O.N. Mff.sorp: v. Thorp(e] Joh'es de Westhorp (Line). — Ittg. ad q. Damn., AD. 1408-9. WESTLAKE (Eng.) Dweller at the West Stream or Pool [O.E. west + lacu, stream, pool] There is a Westlake in S. Devon. WESTLEIGH] (Eng.) Bel. to Westlei-h or WESTLEY IWestley = the West Lea WESTLY J [O.E. west + ledh : v. Lea, Leigh] Westley, Camb., was Westele m the 15th cent., Westle in the 13th. WESTMACOTT for Westmancott, q.v. WESTMAN (Eng.) Westerner [O.E. west + man{n, sometimes mon{n\ Thomas Westman. — Yorks Poll-Tax, A.D. 1379. The corresponding O.N. uestma'S-r denoted more specifically a man from the British Isles, esp. Ireland. WESTMANCOTT (Eng.) Bel. to Westman- cot(e (Wore), the Domesday Westmone- cote, where the medial e prob. represents the O.E. genit. pi. -a, which circumstance makes it likely that the local name was also orig. pi. = the Westmen's Cottages [v. under Westman, and + O.E. cot, pi. cotu, dat. pi. cotum] WESTMARLAND for WestmoKe)land, q.v. WESTMORE (Eng.) Dweller at the West Moor [O.E. west + mor (M.E. mor(e] WESTMOR(E)LAND (Eng.) Bel. to West- moreland, A.-Sax. Chron. a.d. 966 West- tnoringa land = the Land of the Sons (People) of the West Moor(s [O.E. west + m6r, a moor + -inga, genit. pi. of the 'son' suff. -ing + land] Rad'us Com' Westmorland'. — Charter-Rolls, tp. Hen. IV. Cold Cumberland, which yet wild West- merland excells For roughness, at whose point lies rugged Fournesse Fells, Is fill'd with mighty moors. . . . — Drayton, Poly-Olbion, xxiii, 209-11. WESTOBY for Westerby, q.v. WESTON (Eng.) Bel. to Weston (common) = the West Farmstead, Hamlet, or Village [O.E.^est -\- tun, dat. tune] Tlie two ts were assimilated to one in the A.-Saxon period. Thus, to take two loth-cent. instances, Weston, nr. Bath (so called from its position relative to the latter), is referred to as "in loco qui dicitur at Westune" (dat. : 'Cart. Sax', no. 1009) ; while Weston, Dorset, is spoken of as "in loco quern solicolae at Westune vocitant" (dat. : 'C.S.' no. 696). Will'us de Weston. — Charter-Rolls, A.D. 1270-1. WESTOVER (Eng.) Bel. to Westover (Soms. : A.D. 1325-6 IVestovere] Hants, &c.) = the West Edge, Bank, or Shore [O.E. west + dfer] WESTOW (Eng.) Bel. to Westow = the West Place [O.E. west; and v. Stow(e] WESTRAY (Scand.) i i6th cent. Westwray(e = the West Nook or Corner [O.N. uest-r -I- urd\ 2 One from the Island of Westray (Orkneys), 13th cent. Uesturey = the Western Island [O.N. uestri, prop, cpv., more westerly -|- ey, island] WESTRON 1^^"- °f Western, q.v. Westrop 277 Wevill WESTROP \ (Eng. & Scand.) Bui. to Westrop WESTROPE orWestrup = the West Thorp WESTROPP or Village (p.E. west = O.N. WESTRUP ' uest-r + O.K. O.N. ^rop, ^orp] Cp. Westhorp(e. WESTRUM for Westerham, q.v. WESTWAY (Eng.) Dweller at the West Road [O.K. west + WESTWICK (Eng.) Bel. to Westwick = the West Dwelling(s [O.E. west + wic] The Yorlcs place was Westuuic in Domesday-Bk. Tlie Camb. township was Westwik, Westwyk, and Westwyc in the 13th cent. Westwick, Norf., was West- wyke in the 14th cent. WESTWORTH (Eng.) Dweller at the West Farm or Messuage [O.E. west + lvor^ WETHERALD, v. Wetheph(e)ald. WETHERALLl (Eng.) Dweller at the WETHERELL \ Wether-Nook or -Corner WETHERILL J [O.E. we^e)r, wether, sheep + h(e)aUh, nook, etc.] (Scand.) Dweller at the Wether-Slope [O.N. ne^r -f hall-r] As the Cumberland Wetheral (13th cent. Wetherhal{e, Wederhale) "is situ- ated on the steep banks of the Eden," it is evid. of Scand. origin. Cp. Wetherh(e)ald. WETHERBEE for Wetherby, q.v. WETHERBURN (Eng.) Dweller at the Wether-Brook \0.^.we'^{e)r + burne] Cp. Wedderburn. WETHERBY (Scand.) Be!, to Wetherby (Yorks), the Domesday Wedrebi = the Wether or Sheep Farm [O.N. ue'^r + b^-r] WETHERDEN (Eng.) Bel.toWetherden (Suff.), 13th cent. Wetherden = the Wether- Valley [O.E. welSiey + denu] WETHERED for Wetherhead, q.v. WETHERELD WETHERELT WETHERILT for Wetherheald, q.v. WETHERFIELD (Eng.) Dweller at the Wether-Field [O.E. we'^[e)r + feld] Cp. Wethersfield. WETHERHEAD(Eng.) Dweller at theWETHER Head or Top [O.E. we'S{e)r + hedfod, head, top, high ground] WETHERH(E)ALD (Eng.) Dweller at the Wether-Slope [O.E. TO^tS(^)r -1- h{e)ald: V. Heald] WETHERHERD (Eng.) Wether - Herd ; Shepherd [O.E. we'S{e)r + hierde] WETHERHOG(G (A.-Scand.) a nickname from the male sheep (Wether -Hog) so called dialectally [O.E. we'S{e)r = O.N. ue^r; and v. Hogg] Wether-hog : A male lamb of a year old. — Cole, S.W. Line. Gloss-, p. 165. WETHERLEY(Eng.) Dweller at the Wether- Lea [O.E. we^e)r + ledh (M.E. ley'] WETHERSFIELD (Eng.) Dweller at the Wether's Field [the genit. of O.E. we'S{e)r -f- feld] Wethersfield, Essex, was Wetheresfeld in the 13th cent. WETHERSPOON (A.-Scot.) Dweller at tlie Wether's Pound we'6[ey -\- piind (N Wether's Pound [the genit. of O.E. .JE. and Scot, pun). pound, enclosure] WETHERSTON(E, v. Witherston(e. WETHEY, v. With(e)y. WETTON (Eng.) Bel. to Wetton [early forms seems to be lacking : phonologically an orig. A.-Sax. Wettan- or Wtetan-tiin = 'Wetta's' or 'Wseta's Estate' is admis- sible] There appears to have been some con- fusion with Watton, q.v. WETWANG (Eng.) Bel. to Wetwang (Yorks), 14th cent. Wetewange, Domesday Wet- wang- = the Wet Plain or Field [O.E. wikt -t- wang\ WEVILL (Eng.) the A.-Sax. pers. name Wifel, a nickname from the Weevil [M.E. wevil, wivel, O.E. wifel, a beetle] At first sight it would seem strange that this nickname from an insect should have been so common among the A.- Saxons as the longish list of O.E. place- names, identified (as in the cases of the mod. Wiveliscombe, Wivelsfield, and Wivelsford) and unidentified, con- taining it shows it to have been. The explanation is that wifel (like wibba, also meaning 'beetle' and used as a pers. name) is conn, with O.E. wefan, 'to weave', the weevil at one stage of its existence enclosing itself in a protecting web or cocoon ; and the nickname would there- fore commonly be applied to a weaver, which accounts for the fact that Wifel only Weyland 278 Whatling seems to occur as the peis. element in place-names and not in the extensive list of attesters of A.-Saxon charters. The point is further illustrated by the cognate E.Fris. wefer, which denotes both 'weaver' and 'beetle' ; and by Ger. weber, which, in addition to 'weaver', connotes the genus bombyx [Lat. bombyx, silkworm] WEYLAND, V. Wayland. WEYMAN, V. Wayman . WEYMOUTH (Celt. + Eng.) Bel. to Wey- mouth (Dorset), 13th cent. lVeyniuth,\n a late and corrupt copy of a charter of King jEthelstan ('Cart. Sax.' no. 738) Waimou\>, WaymouY = the Mouth of the K. Wey [the river-name is Celt., f. the early form of Wei. givy, -wy ( = 0. Ir. fia), water, which more commonly yields the Angli- cized Wye (thus the Montgomeryshire Afon [River] Gwy is also called Wye River), although the Wei. Conwy is Englished Conway : — |- O.E. muSa, river- mouth] WHADDON (Eng.) Bel. to Whaddon (fairly common), the A.-Sax. Hwdetedun = the Wheat-Hill [O.E. hwdste + dun] Whaddon, Bucks, was the Domesday Wadone. Whaddon, Glouc, was Wadune inDomesday-Bk.,Warfrfo/ieand Watdone in the 13th cent. WHAIT 1 (Eng.) Active, Vigorous, Bold WHAITEJ \OJ£..hw(Bi\ WHAITES, Whaite's (Son). for Whelan, q.v. WHALAN WHALEN WHALON WHALE 1 (Eng.) i a nickname (from the WHALL J Whale) for a ponderous individual (the name Whalebelly is also said to exist) [O.E. hwcel] Thomas le Whal. — Cal. Geneal., A.D. 1303. 2 Bold, Forward [O.E. hwal, hwal{l] 3 for Wale, q.v. WHALEBONE for Walbopn, q.v. WHALEY (Eng.) Bel. to Whaley; doubtless the same name as Whal ley, q.v. WHALLEY (Eng.) Bel. to Whalley (Lane), the M.E. Whalley{e, Whallay, Walley, Wallay, Qualley, Quallay, A.-Sax. ('Chron.' A.D. 798) Hwealledh = Hweala's or Hw.ela'sLea [the pers. name is f. O.E. hwcEl, hwal{l, bold, forward -|- ledh, meadow] WHAM (Eng.) Dweller at a Corner or Nook [O.E. hwamni] WHARAM I (Eng.) Bel. to Wharram (Yorks), WHARRAM j the Domesday Warham = the Dwelling or Enclosure in or by the Basin or Hollow [O.E. hwer, basin, cauldron, hollow -1- ham(m, dwelling, enclosure] WHARDLE for Wardle, q.v. WHARFE (Eng.) Dweller at a Wharf [O.E. hwerf, an embankment, dam] (Celt.) Dweller by the R. Wharfe [prob. conn, with Wei. givyrf, pure, fresh] WHARMBY, a var. of Quarmby, q.v. WHARNCLIFFE (Scand.) Bel. to Wharncliffe (W. Yorks) [app. O.N. huenia, basin, cauldron -|- kleif, cliff: the name, there- fore, denoting a cliff with a basin-like depression] WHARRIE 1 (Celt.) f. the East. Scot, whaurie, WHARRY \ a term of endearment [app. f. the WHARY J Pict. cogn. of Wei. chwaer, a sister ; with E. dim. suff. -ie, -y] WHARTON (Eng.) Bel. to Wharton (several), 13th cent, usually Querlon (for Wherton) = the Farmstead in or by the Basin or Hollow [O.E. hwer, basin, cauldron, hollow (= O.N. huerr, kettle, cauldron, cave) -f tiin, farm, &c.] But the Westmoreland Wharton, al- though occurring repeatedly in the 13th and 14th cent, as Querton, is found as Werfton in 1202 ; and if this earlier form is to be trusted the etymon is prob. O.E. hwerf, 'embankment', 'dam' ('wharf). WHATE = Whalte, q.v. WHATELEY 1 (Eng.) Bel. to Whateley or WHATELY \ Whatley (Soms.), 13th cent. WHATLEY J Whateleg,' in late versions of charters of the A.-Sax. period Whate- leighe ('Cart. Sax', nos. 168, 438) = the Wheat-Field [O.E. feycete -1- ledK\ See Wheatl(e)y; and cp. Whatfield, Suff., and Whatcroft, Chesh. 'WHATLING (Eng.) for a.Q A.-Sdix.. * Hwmtling (cp. 'Whatlington', Suss.) = Hw^t(e)l's Son [the pers. name is f. O.E. hwat, active, bold, brave, with the dim. suff. -{e)l + the 'son' suff. -ing\ There has prob. been some confusion with Watling. Whatman 279 Whelan WHATMAN I = Wheatman, q.v. Richard Whatteman. — Soms. Subs-Roll, A.D. 1315-16. 2 for Watman, q.v. WHATMORE (Eng.) Bel. to Whatmore (Salop) = the Wheat-Moor [O.E. hwcete + m6r\ WHATMOUGH for Watmough, q.v. WHATTON (Eng.) Bel. to Whatton (Notts : 13th cent. W(h)atton, Domesday Watone ; Leic.) = the Wheat- Farm [O.E. hwAte + tun] WHAYMANforWayman, q.v. WHEAL (Celt.) Dweller by a (Cornish) Mine [Corn, hwel, whel] The names of Cornish Mines are fre- quently very amusing. Sometimes they emanate from the name of the estate in which they are situated; and oftener from the name of the landlord, or a favourite one of his family, as Wheal Edgcumbe, Wheal Tremayne, Wheal Frances, Wheal Elizabeth, Wheal Kitty, &c. Sometimes their origin may be traced to the ancient Tin Bounds, as Ale and Cakes, Ding Dong, &c. Others are the result of fancy, or perhaps situation, or circum- stance, as Wheal Chance, Wheal Cost is Lost, &c.— Tregellas ('Town of the Groves'), Cornish Tales, p. 142. WHEAT WHEATE I (Eng.) White, Fair [O.E. hwit] WHEATCROFT (Eng.) Dweller at a Wheat- Croft [O.E. hwdete + croft, a small fieldj WH EATLAN D (Eng.) Dweller at i the Wheat- Land [O.E. hwdste -f land] 2 the White Land [O.E. hwit + land] WHEATLEYl (Eng). Bel. to Wheatley ; or WHEATLY J Dweller at i the Wheat-Lea [O.E. hwdete + leak] 2 the White Lea [O.E. hwit + ledh] Johannes de Whetlay. — Yorhs Poll-Tax, A.D. 1379. Wheatley, '^oiis,Wateleie and Wateleia in Domesday-Bk., was Whetleye, and also Whiteley, in the 14th cent. Wheatley, Durh., was Whetley and Whatley in the 14th cent. Wheatley, Oxon, was Watele in the 13th cent. Wheatley, Doncaster, was Watelage in Domesday-Bk. WHEATMAN (Eng.) i Wheat-Man (Dealer) [O.E. hwikte -H maniii] Cp. Ryman. 2 = Whiteman, q.v. WHEATON (Eng). i Bel. to Wheaton = the Wheat-Enclosure [O.E. hwikte +tun] 2 = Whitton, q.v. Wheaton Aston, Stafls, was Whetone Aston in the 14th cent. WHEATSTONE = Whetstone, q.v. WHEBLe'"} "^"""P' '°™^ °'^ Wlbble, q.v. WHEELAN, V. Whelan. WHEELER (Eng.) Wheelwright [O.E. hwM, a wheel -|- the agent, suff. -ere] Richard le Whelere. — Close Rolls, A.D. 1347. This name was Latinized Rotarius in mediaeval rolls. WHEELEY, a syncopated form of Wheatley, q.v. WHEELHOUSE (Eng.) Dweller at, or by, the Wheel-House (i.e. a shed which covered a wheel used lor hauling or raising (as water) [O.E. hwM -\- hiis] Willelmus de Whelehous. — Yorks Poll-Tax, A.D. 1379. WHEELOCK(Eng.)Bel. toWheelock(Chesh.), 14th cent. Whelok [lack of suff. early forms makes this unique name difficult to elucidate : prob. the second element is O.E. loc(a, enclosure, stronghold, and the first for O.E. hwit, white] WHEELTON (Eng.) Bel. to Wheelton (Lane), 14th cent. Whelton, Queltone, 13th cent. Quelton (for Hwelion) [here again the lack of A.-Sax. forms makes impossible a definite pronouncement as to the origin of the first element of this unique name : a reasonable suggestion, however, is that it represents O.E. hwealf, hollow, con- cave) : 1- O.E. tiin, enclosure, &c.] WHEEN (Eng.) a Northern form of Queen, q.v. It need hardly be said that this name has nothing to do with the Scot, wheen, O.E. hwene, 'somewhat', 'a little' : cp. Lane, wheem for O.E. cweme, 'convenient', and whick for O.E. cwic, 'living'. WHEILDON = Wheldon, q.v. WHELAN (Celt.) i a form of O'Phelan, q.v. 2 for the Irish O'h-Oileain = De- scendant OF OiLEAN [Ir. d or ua, grand- son -f- the intervocalic insertion h -f- the genit. of oilean, nurture, instruction] Whelch 280 Whiskard WHELCH for Welch, q.v. WHELDON "1 (Eng.) Early furms of this WHELLDON J local name seem to be lack- ing; but the probabilities point to O.E. hwealfi 'hollow,' as the source of the first element: the second represents O.E. diin, 'hill.' There has prob. been some confusior: with Weldon, WHELEN 1 WHELON \ for Whelan, q.v. WHELLAN J WHELP (Eng. and Scand.) Cub (as a term of endearment) [O.E. hwelp — O.N. huelp-r ( = O.H.Ger. h)welf) : prob. ono- matopoeic] 'Guelplt- is a Fr.-Teut. form ; cp. the Ital.-Teut. pers. name Guelfo, whence the famous Ital. family-name Guelfi. WHENHAM for Wenham, q.v. WHEN MAN for Wenman, q.v. WHENNERY, v. Whineray. WHERRY, V. Wharry. WHERWELL (Eng.) Bel. to Wherwell (Hants), loth cent. (King Eadred's Will) Hwerwyl = the Well in the Basin or Hollow [O.E. hwer, basin, hollow, cauldron -f- wylQ, wiell, well, spring] WHETHERLEYl c ... .. , WHETHERLY } f"-- WetheHey, q.v. WHETSTONE (Eng.) Bel. to Whetstone = the White Stone or Stone Castle [O.E. hwil + Stan] WHETTON = Whitton, q.v. WHICKER for Wicker, q.v. WHICKHAM for Wickham, q.v. WHIDBURN for Whitburn, q.v. WHIELDON = Wheldon, q.v. WHIFFEN UCeh.) Direct evidence is lack- WHIFFIN / ing, but the name seems to re- present the Wei. chwipyn, 'quick,' 'swift,' with the p mutated to ph = ff. WHIGHAM forWigham, q.v. WHILEY for Wiley, q.v. WHILLOCK = Wheelock, q.v. WHIMPLE (Eng.) Bel. to Whimple (Devon), 13th cent. Wympel [the second element is avid. Dial. E. pell, pill, a pool, a form of O.K. pul{l : for the first element earlier forms are desirable, but it prob. repre- sents O.E. wylm, wielm, a flowing, burst- ing out] WHINERAY \ WHINERY (Scand.) Dweller at the WHINNERAH I Whin-Corner [Scand. hven, WHINRAY [bent-grass -f- vraa (O.N. urd), WHINROW corner, nook] WHINWRAY The i6th-cent. N.Lanc. spellings Whinrow, Whin{e)rawe (found in addit. to Whinwray), reflect the mod. Scand. pron. {aa almost as aw). WHINFELL (Scand.) Bel. to Whinfell (Cumb., Westmd.) = the Whin-Fell [see under Whineray, and -|- O.N. fall, hill] WHINNETT, a weak form of Whinyate, q.v. WHINNEYT (Scand.) Dweller at the Whin- WHINNY J Field [see under Whineray, and -I- O.N. hagi, field, pasture] WHINYATE (Scand. -|- E.) Dweller at the Gate or Opening by the Whin [see under Whineray, and -|- M.E. yate, O.E. geat] WHiPP (Eng.) the A.-Sax. pers. name Wippa, Wipp{e [f. the Teut. stem *wip, to swing, &c., seen in Dut. wippen, to skip. Low Ger. wippen, to bob, Dan.-Norw. vippe, to swing, see-saw ; and ult. in E. whip] A thane named Wipp-ed is recorded, in the A.-Sax. Chron., under a.d. 465, as having been slain by the Britons in Kent. Allan Wyppe.—Hund. Rolls. WH IPPLE (Eng.) Bel. to Whipple or Whiphill (14th cent. Whiphulle, WhyphuU, Soms. ; 13th cent. Wiphulle, Wilts) = Wippa's Hill [see under Whipp, and -|- M.E. }mll(e, O.E. hyll, hill] I cannot trace that there has been any confusion with Whimple. WHIPPS, Whipp's (Son): v. Whipp. WHIPPY = Whipp (q.v.) -f the E. dim. suff. -y. WHIRK = Quirk, q.v. WHISHAW(Eng.)Bel.toWhishaworWishaw (Warw.), the Domesday Witscaga = the White Wood [O.E. hwit -j- scaga, a wood] The etymology is supported by the proximity of Whitacre. WHISKARD (Eng.) for the uncommon A.-Sax. Wisg{e)ard = Wise Defender [O.E. wis, wise, prudent + g{e)ard, fence, bulwark, &c.] Whisker 281 Whitehand WHISKER (Eng.) for the A.-Sax. IVisgar = Wise Spear [O.E. wis + gar] WHISKEY for Wiskey, q.v. WHISLER loi- Whistler, q.v. WHISSON (Eng.) an assini. foim of Whiston, q.v. WHISTLER (Eng.) Whistler, Piper [O.E. Irwistlere] Johannes Whi.sleler. — Yorks PoU-Tax,A.D. 1379. WHISTON (Eng.) Bel. to Whiston (several) = the White Stone, Rock, or White- Stone Residence [O.E. hivit + stdit] The Yorks place (where there are quarries of white stone) occurs as Wite- Stan in Domesday-BooU, in which botii Staff, hamlets are Witestone. The North- ants parish was Whiston m the 13th cent. The Lane, village was Whitstan in the 14th cent. : here "the old Whiston Hall and its outbuildings, still to be seen, are built of white stone." WHITACRE 1 (Eng.) Dweller at i the White WHITAKER J Field [O.E. hwit + acer] 2 the Wheatfield lO.E.hwmte + acer\ The two Warwicksh. Whitacres were Netherwhitacre and Overwythacre (for Over- whytacre) in the 14th cent. WHITADDER (Eng.) Dweller at the White or Clear Spring or Watercourse [O.E. hwit -t- didre] There is a stream of this name in co. Haddington into which runs a Black- adder. WHITBECK (Scand.) Dweller at the White or Clear Stream [O.N. huit-r + bekk-r\ WHITBOURNE (Eng.) Dweller at the White or Clear Stream [O.E. hwit -j- burne] More specifically Whitbourne, Here- fordsh. WHITBREAD (Eng.) a trade-name for a seller of White Bread, i.e., the best bread [O.E. hwit -f bread: as bread in A.-Saxon more commonly meant 'crumb,' 'piece,' the usual term for 'white bread' was hwite hldf, white or wheat loaf] This name was Frenchified by Norman scribes as Blancpain or Blauncpain. On the other hand, there is no doubt that Whitbread was sometimes an Angli- cization of an orig. French Blancpain, usually occurring to-day in France as Blanpain. William Wytebred.— i/M«d. Rolls. WHITBURN (Eng.) Bel. to Whitburn; or Dweller at the White or Clear .Stream [O.E. hwit -h burne'] Whitburn, Durh., was Whitburne in the i4th-cent. Survey of the Palatinate of Durham. WHITBY (.Scand.) Rcl. to Whitby = the White Dwelling(s [O.N. hiiit-r 4- by-r] Whitby, Yorks, the Domesday Witebi, was Slreones halh before the Danish in- WHITCHURCH (Eng.) BeL to Whitchurch (common) ; or Jeweller by the White Church [O.E. hwit + cirice] Whitchurch, Salop, and Whitchurcli, Dorset, were Latinized in our mediaeval rolls as Album Monasterium, or de Albo Monasterio, and Frenchified Blancminster or Blauncminster. Whitchurch, Hants, occurs in the A.-Saxon Chron., under a.d, iooi, as '<&\. Hwitciricean' — dat. form. Whitchurch, Denbigh, is also known by the equivalent Welsh name Eglwys Wen. WHITCOMB 1 (Eng.) Bel. to Whitcomb or WHITCOMBEJ Whitcombe = the White Valley or Hollovj? \0.'E. hwit + cumb (Celt. : v. Combe] WHITE (Eng. & Scand.) Of White or Fair Complexion [O.E. hwit = O.N. huit-r] Hwita was the name of an 8th-cent. bishop of Lichfield. Roger le Whyte.— i/M«d. Rolls. WHITEAKER = Whitaker, q.v. WHITEAR = Whittier, q.v. WHITEAWAY (with intrus. -a-) for White- way, q.v. WHITEBREAD = Whitbread, q.v. WHITECHURCH = Whitchurch, q.v. WHITEFIELD = Whitfield, q.v. WHITEFOOT (Eng.) Dweller at the White (liill-) Foot [O.E. hwit -t- f6t] WHITEHALGH (Eng.) Dweller at the White Corner or Nook [O.E. hwit + h(e)alh] William de Whitehalgh. — Preston Guild Rolls, A.D. 1397. Cp. Greenhalgh. WHITEHAND (Eng.) White Hand (a nick- name) [O.E. hwit + hand] Adam Whythand. — Yorks Poll-Tax, A.D. 1379. 28: Whitehead Whitgift Isoud la Blanche Mains. — Morte d' Arthur, VIII, xxxv. Blanchemain does not seem to have survived in France. WHITEHEAD (Eng.) i With a White Head ; White-haired, Fair-haired [O.K. hwit -{■ hedfod] Adam Whiteheved. — Yorks Poll-Tax, A.r>. 1379. 2 (occ.) Dweller at the White Head or Top (of field, &c.) Cp. Blackhead and Greenhead. WHITEHORN (Eng.) Dweller at the White Corner (horn-shaped piece of land) [O.E. hwit + horti] But Whithorn, Wigtonsh., the Candida Casa of Baeda ('Hist. Eccl.' III. iv.), re- presents the O.E. Hwitcsrn = White House [O.K. hwit + cern] WHITEHOUSE (Eng.) Dweller at the White House [O.E. hwit + hits] Stephen atte Whitehous.— Soms. Subsidy-Roll, A.D. 1327. WHITEHURST (Eng.) Dweller at the White Wood [O.E. hwit -h hyrst, a wood] Cp. Blackhurst. WHITELAM 1 (Eng.) a nickname: White WHITLAM I Lamb [O.E. hwit -\- lamb] Alicia Whitlambe. — Yorks PoU-Tax, A.D. 1379. WHITELAW (Eug.) Dweller at the White Hill [O.E. hwit -I- hl(kw, a hill, (burial) mound] WHITELEGG \ forms of Whiteley (q.v.) WHITELEGGEJ with the guttural g of the dat. form, ledge, of ledh, i., retained. WHITELEY 1 (Eng.) Dweller at the White WHITELY ] Lea [O.E. hwit + ledh (M.E. ley), a meadow, field] WHITELOCK (Eng.) i With a White Lock ; White-haired ; Fair-haired [O.E. hwit -t- locc, lock of hair, hair] 2 Dweller at the White Enclosure or Stronghold [O.E. hwit -\- loc{a] 3 occ. for the A.-Sax. pers. name Wihtldc = Sprite-Play [O.E. wiht, sprite, elf -|- Idc, play, sport, etc.] WHITEMAN I = White (q.v.) -(- man. 2 for WIghtman, q.v. WHITEMORE (Eng.) i Dweller at the White Moor [O.E. hwit + m6r] 2 occ. for the A.-Sax. pers. name Wihtmcbr = Sprite-Famous [O.E. wiht, sprite, elf -f mckre, famous, glorious] WHITEOAK (Eng.) Dweller at the White Oak [O.E. hwit 4- dc, oak-tree] WHITER (Eng.) 1 Bleacher [O.E. hwit, white -I- the agent, suff. -ere] Cp. Whitster. 2 ocr. for the A.-Sax. pers. name Wihthere = Sprite-Army [O.E. wiht, sprite, &c. -f here, army] There has been some confusion with Whittier, q.v. WHITES, White's (Son): v. White. WHITESIDE (Eng.) Dweller at the White Side (of a hill, dale, etc.) [O.E. hwit -\- side] Richard Whhside.—Hund. Rolls. WHITETHREAD (Eng.)a curious corrupt form of the common A.-Sax. pers. name Wihtrckd = Sprite-Counsel [O.E. wiht, sprite, &c. -|- rdd, counsel] Wihtrmd was the name of a Kentish king, d. A.D. 725. WHITEWAY (Eng.) Dweller at the White Way or Road [O.E. hwit -\- weg] WHITEWOOD (Eng.) Dweller at the White Wood [O.E. hwit + wudu] Cp. Blackwood. WHITEY (Eng.) Dweller at the White Hey or Enclosure [O.E. hwit -h ge)hceg, haga] Nicholas de la Wytheg'. — Hund. Rolls. WHITFIELD (Eng.) Bel. to Whitfield; or Dweller at i the White Field [O.E. hwit 4- feld] 2 the Wheat-Field [O.E. hwckte -V feld] In our 1 3th-ccnt. Rolls this local surname occurs as Whytefeld and Wytefeld. WHITFORD (Eng.) Dweller at the White Ford [O.E. hwit -\-ford] WHITGIFT (Eng.) Bel. to Whitgift (W. Yorks), 14th cent. Whidgift. [This unique name is curious, and not without difficulties. The I4th-cent. form, however, gives us a good clue to the pro- bable origin of the first element — O.E. ge)hw(kde, small, slight ; and the second may reasonably be supposed to be what it seems — O.E. gift, denoting more esp. a bridegroom's marriage-gift to his bride. This interesting place-name therefore Whitham 283 Whittham app. exemplifies the famous old Teutonic custom of giving a wife a present on the morning after the wedding as the price of her virginity, the act being crystallized in the term 'morning - gift' — O.K. morgen- gifu = O.N. morgingiof= Ger. morgengabe] WHITHAM (Eng.) Dweller at the White Enclcsure or Dwelling [O.E. hwit + ham{m] WHITING (Eng.) i the A.-Sax. pers. name Hwiting = Hwit(a)'s Son [O.E. hwit, white, fair + the ' son ' suff. -itig] Gerin Wyting. — Hund. Rolls. 2 Dweller at the White Meadow [O.E. hwit + O. North. & East. E. ing (O.N. eng), a meadow] WHITLAM, V. Whitelam. WHITLEYl (Eng.) Dweller at i the White WHITLIE J Field or Meadow [O.E. hwit + ledh] Simon de Whitleghe. — Sams. Subsidy-Roll, A.D. 1327. 2 the Wheat-Field [O.E. hwdte + ledh] WHITLOCK = Whitelock, q.v. WHITLOW (Eng.) Dweller at the White HilL [O.E. hwit + hlcBw, a hill, (burial) mound] Cp. Whitelaw. WHITMAN = Whiteman, q.v. WHITMARSH (Eng.) Dweller at the White Marsh [O.E. hwit + mersc] WHITMELL (Eng.) = Whitmlll, q.v. (Scand.) Dweller at the White Sand- HiLL [O.N. hutt-r + mel-r, a sand-hill, sand-bank] WHITMILL (Eng.) Dweller at the White Mill [M.E. whit, &c., O.E. hwit + M.E. mille, &.C., O.E. myln] WHITMORE (Eng.) Dweller at i the White Moor [O.E. hwit + mor] Whitmore, Staffs, was the Domesday Witemore. 2 (occ.) the White Mere [O.E. hwit + mere] William de Witimere. — Hund. Rolls (Salop) WHITNALL \ (Eng.) Bel. to Whitnell (Soms.»), WHITNELL I 14th cent. Whitenhull - the White Hill [O.E. hwilan, obi. form of the weak decl. -|- hyll] WHITNEY (Eng.) Bel. to Whitney (Heref.), 13th cent. Wyttenye, Whiteney, A.-Sax. *Hwilan-ig = Hwita's Island or Low Riparian Land [Hwitaii-, genit. oiHwita, f. hwit, white f ig, island, &c. (Whitney is on the R. Wye)] Eustachius de Wiiiteney. — Charter-Rolls (Heref.), A.D. 1283-4. There has been confusion with Witney, q.v. WHITRIDGE (Eng.) Dweller at the White Ridge [O.E. hwit -\- hrycg] More specif., Whitridge in Northum- berland. WHITRIGG (Scand.) Dweller at the White Ridge [O.N. huit-r -\- hrygg-r] Whitrigg, Cumb., was Whyterigg in the 14th cent. WHITSON (Eng.) i White's Son : v. White. 2 for Whitsunday : a name given to one born on that day [O.E. hwita sunnan- dceg, lit. White Sunday] William Wytesoneday. — Hund. Rolls. WHITSTABLE (Eng.) Bel. to Whitstable (Kent), 14th cent. Whitstaple = the White Staple or Market [O.E. hwit ; and see under Staple] WHITSTER (Eng.) (orig. Female) Bleacher [O.E. hwit, white -f- the fem. agent, suff. -estre] Whitster, sb., a bleacher. This word is now almost obsolete, but 'Whitster's Arms' is still a common alehouse sign. — Lane. Gloss. (1875), p. 280. Wh!™E^R^ } "■ Whitaker, Whitacre. WHITTALL (Eng.) i Dweller at the White Hall [O.E. hwit -I- h(e)all] 2 interchanged with Whittle, q.v. WHITTAM for Whitham, q.v. WHITTARD (Eng.) for the A.-Sax. pers. name Wihth{e)ard = Sprite-Brave [O.E. wiht, sprite, &c. -|- h(e)ard, hard, brave] WHITTEAR = Whittier, q.v. WHITTEMORE = Whitmore, q.v. WHITTEN for Whitton, q.v. WHITTER = Whiter, q.v. WHITTERIDGE = Whitridge, q.v. WHITTHAM = Whitham, q.v. Whitthread 284 Whitwill WHITTHREAD = Whitethread, q.v. WHITTICK 1 (Eng.) the A.-Sax. pers. name WHITTOCK \Hwit{t)uc, HwU(t)oc, f. hwit = WHITTUCK J White, with the dim.siiff.-uc-oc. WHITTIER (Eng.) White-Leather Dresser; Harness - Maker [M.E. whitetawier, whitawyer, &c, (Dial. E. whit{t)awer) ; f. M.E. whit{e, O.E. hwit, white, and M.E. tawen, O.E. tdwian, to prepare or dress, as skins] Geoffrey le Whitetawier. — Mun. Gildh. Loud. Whitawer, a collar-maker or maker of husbandry-harness. — Northants Gloss., ii. 396. Whittawer, one who "taws" whit- leather ; also a husbandry-harness maker or mender; speaking generally, a whit- tawer is to a saddler what a cobbler is to a shoemaker. — Leic. Gloss., p. 289. WHITTING = Whiting, q.v. WHITTINGHAM (Eng.) Bel. to Whittingham (Northumb. : 14th cent. Whitingham ; Lane: 13th cent. Whytingham,Domr=WiG(G)A's Moor [Wig{g)an-, genit. of Wig(g)a : v. Wigg -t- O.E. mdr (M.E. mor{e] Abbas et Conventus de Wiggeraore. — Charter-Rolls (Heref.), A.D. 1264-5. Prior Abbacie de Wigmore. — Ing. ad q. Damn. (Heref.), A.D. 1332. 2 for the A.-Sax. pers. name Wigmckr = War-Kenowned [O.E. wig, war, battle -|- mdere, famous, &c.] WIGMUND (Eng.) the common A.-Sax. pers. name Wigmund='W ak-Vrotechovl [O.E. wig, war, battle -(- mund, (lit.)hand, pro- tection, protector] A Wigmund was the son of Wiglaf, a 9th-cent, king of the Mercians, WIGNALL (Eng.) Bel. to Wiggenhall (Norf.), 13111 cent. Wigenhale, O.Angl. *Wig{g)an- hall = Wig(g)a's Hall lWig(g)an-, gen\t. of Wig(g)a: v. under Wigg -1- O.Angl. hall] WIG RAM (Teut.) War-Raven [O.Teut. wig, war -I- ram, as in O.H.Ger. h)ram = O.E. hnem{n, raven] WIGSON (Eng.)WiG(G)'sSoN : v. under Wigg. WIGSTON I (Eng.) Bel. to Wigston (Leic), WIGSTONE I early-iith-cent, Wiggestdn = Wigg's (Stone) Castle [v. under Wigg ; and -I- O.E. stdn] WIGTON (Eng.) Bel. to Wigton, A.-Sax. *Wig{g)antun = Wig(g)a's Estate or Farm [Wig(g)a7i-, genit. of Wig(g)a : v. under Wigg -|- O.E. ttin, farm, &c.J The Cnmbld. place was Wigeton in the 13th cent., Wiggeton 12th cent. The Scot, burgh was Wyggeton in the 13th cent. WIG Z ELL (Eng.) Bel. to Wigsell (Suss.), anc. Wigsale = Wig's Hall [the genit., PFjIg-gi-, of Wig: v. under Wigg -t- O.E. seel, hall] WIKE, a form of Wick, q.v. Walter de la W'ike.—Hund. Rolls. Wike, Harewood, Ycirks, was Wic in Domesday-Bk. I = Wike, Wick (qv) -I- man. WIKEMAN WIKMAN WILBERFORCE (Scand.) Bel. to Wilberfoss (Yoiks), 13th cent. Wylberfosse = WiL- borg's Waterfall [O.N. foss, fors, waterfall] WILBRAHAM (Eng.) Bel. to Wilbraham (Camh.: A.Sax.Wilburgehdm, 'Dipl.Angl'., p. 597 ; Chesh.: A.D. 1303-4 Wilberham) = Wilbukg's Home or Estate [A.-Sax. Wilburge, genit. of Wilburg (fem.) : v. Wilbur + ham, home, &c.] WILBUR (Eng.) the A.-Sax. fem. name Wil- burh or Wilburg = Beloved Stronghold or City [f. O.E. wil(l)a, will, wish, joj', thing desired or beloved -f- burh, burg, a fortified place] A Wilbiirh was a daughter of Penda, the 7th-cent. king of Mercia. The cognate Mod. Scand. (fem.) name is Vilborg. WILBURTON (Eng.) Bel. to Wilburton (Camb.), A.D. 970 Wilburhtiin ('Cart. Sax'. no. 1268) = WiLBURH's Estate [v. under Wilbur; and -f O.E. tiin] Wilby 289 Wildsmith WILBY (Scand.) Bel. to Wilby (Northants, Norf., Suff.), 13th cent, usually Wylleby, Wyleby = UiLi's Farm or Estate [the pers. name (= A.-Sax. Willa) is f. O.N. uili (genit. uilia), will, desire, joy, &c. : — + by-r, farmstead, &c.] There has been some confusion with Welby. WILCOCK 1 14th cent. Wylcoc, Wylkok, Wil- WILCOCKE I kok, 13th cent. Wilecoc, Wilecocc = Will (pers.), q.v. + the pet swfi.-cock. There has been some confusion with Wilcot(t. WILCOCKS, WiLCOCK's (Son) , \ WILCOCKSON, WiLCOCK's Son J vwiicooK. Adam Wylltokson. — Yorks Poll-Tax, A.D. 1379- WILCOT(T (Enp.) Bel. to Wilcot (Wilts ; 13th cent. Wilecole, Wikoie, loth cent, 'xXwilcottim —Asit. pi. ; Oxon, Salop ; also Willicote, Glouc. : a.d. 1400-1 Willicotes, Domesday Wilcote) [O.E. cot (nom. and accus. pi. cotu, dat. pi. cotum), cottage. The first element is not so easy as it looks: it is perhaps natural to see in it a form of O.E. wyll{a, wi{e)ll(a, a spring, well ; but this is unlikely because 'of abbodes wylle' (from the abbot's spring) occurs within a few words of the wil cotum quoted above from charter no. 748, a.d. 940, in 'Cart. Sax'. : the form also pre- cludes a pers. name ; and O.E. wil(l)a (compounded wil(l-), desire, pleasure, joy is improbable : I believe that wil here must represent a cognate of the O.N. tiil, misery, wretchedness ; (compounded) miserable, wretched — the inference being that the cottages in question were dilapidated] There has been confusion with Wiloock. WILCOX for Wlloocks, q.v. W,'l:c§XEN}^-Wilcockson.q,v. WILD "I (Eng.) 1 Savage, Fierce, Un- WILDEJ GOVERNED [M.E. wild{e, wyld{e, O.E. wilde] Walter le Wilde.— iJuMif. Rolls. "2 Dweller at a Weald [O.E. weald, forest] Here the form of the name shows that there has been confusion with M.E. liiildie, O.E. wilde, uncultivated, desert. There 's a franklin in the wilde of Kent. — I. Hen. IV., Il.i. 60. The Weald of Sussex is always spoken of as The Wild by the people who live in the Downs. — Parish, Diet. Suss. Dial. (1875). P- 'So- WILDASH for Wildlsh, q.v. WILDBLOOD (Eng.) a nickname for a Rake [O.E. wilde + bl6d\ Richard Wyldeblode. — York Minster Fabric-Rolls. WILDBORE (Eng.) a nickname (rom the Wild Boar [M.E. ,wild{e, O.E. wilde + M.E. bore, O.E. bar'] WILD(E)GOOSE (Eng.) a nickname from the Wild Goose [O.E. wilde + gds"] WILDER (Eng) represents the common A.-Sax. pers. name Wealdhere = Mighty Army [O.E. ge)weald, power, might -|- here, army] Cp. Walder and Walter. WILDERS, Wilder's (Son) : v. Wilder. WILDERSPIN (Eng.) Dweller by the Wild- Animals' Enclosure [the genit. of O.E. wilder, wildeor, wild animal, deer -\- pund, enclosure, pound] Cp. Wetherspoon. WILDES, Wild(e)'s (Son) : v. Wild(e'. WILDEY 1 (Eng.) i = Wild(e' (q.v.) -|- the E. WILDAYJ dim. suff. -{e)y. 2 Dweller at the Wild or Unculti- vated Hay or Enclosure [O.E. wilde + haga] WILDING (Eng.) i for the A.-Sax. pers. name Wealding = Weald(a)'s Son \Weald(a f. O.E. ge)weald, power, might -}- the 'son' suff. -ingl 2 Diveller at the Wild or Unculti- vated Lea [O.E. wilde + O.N.E. -ing (O.N. eng), lea, meadow] WILDISH (Eng.) "The surname Wildish was prob. given to its first bearer not from any particular wildness of demeanour but because he came I'rom the wild [cp. Wild"] or weald of Sussex. The peasants who go to the South -Down farms to assist in the labours of harvest are still called by their hill - country brethren Wildish-meu." — Lower, Eng. Surn., i. 57. WILDMAN = Wild (q.v.) -|- man. WILDS, Wild's (Son): v. Wild'. WILDSMITH (Eng.) Weald-Smith [v. Wild" and Smith] Wildy 290 Wilier WILDY = Wildey, q.v. WILEMAN for Wildman, q.v. WILES I ior Wildes, q.v. 2 a diphthongized form of Wills, q.v. WILEY (Eng.) i = Wylie, q.v. 2 Wily, Sly . [f. O.E. wil, a wile] WILFORD (Eng.) Bel. to Wilford (Notts), 13th cent. Wyleford, Wylleford, late 12th cent. Wileford, Domesday Wilesforde (where the palatal .y {sh), as in other cases, represents O.E!. guttural g) = the Willow -Ford [O.E. wylig, welig, a willow-tree ■\- ford'\ As the parish-church is dedicated to St. WiUrid, local historians have assumed that Wil- is a contraction of the saint- name ; but the early forms are wholly against this theory. The Suffolk Hundred of Wilford has prob. the same etymology. Cp. Welford'. WILGOOSE for Wild(e)goose, q.v. WILIE: v. Wylie. WILIES: WiLlE's (Son). LK "1 l^l^g. \ I a shortening of Wilkin, q.v. 2 for Willock, q.v. WILKENS = Wilkins, q.v. WILKERSON for Wilkinson, q.v. WILKES, WiLK(E)'s (Son) : v. Wilk(e. WILKEYl = Wilk(e (q.v.) + the E. dim. suff. WILKIE ] -{e)y, -ie. WILKIN (Eng.) the I3th-cent. Wylekin, Wilekin, late- I2th- cent. Wil{l)ekin, Wilechin, a double dim. of William, q.v. [£. (double) dim. suff. -kin, O.L. Teut. -k-{n\ We find the form Uuillikin in a loth - nth cent. 'Index Bonorum ' of the Abbey of Werden-an-der-Ruhr. WILKINS, Wilkin's (Son) 1 ,,,.,,. WILKINSON, Wilkin's Son / "■ '""Kin- Christopher Wilkyns. — MSS. Dn. & Ch. Wells, A.D. 1546-7. Adam Wylkynson. — Yorks Poll-Tax, A.D. 1379. Richard Wilkynson, baxter. Nicholas Wilkynson, sherman, alias Nicholas Shermon. — Chester Freemen Rolls, A.D. 1474-5. WILK Wl WILKS, Wilk's (Son) : v. Wilk. WILKSHIRE for Wiltshire, q.v. WILKSON, Wilk's Son : v. Wilk. WILL (Eng.) I a dim. of William, q.v. 2 the A.-Sax. pers. name Willa [f. O.E. willa, will, determination, pleasure, thing desired or valued] Here is Wil wolde wife [know], If wit koude teche hym. — Piers Plowman, 5148-9. 3 Dweller at a Well [M.E. will{e, O.E. wylla, a spring] William atte Wille.— Soms. Subs. Roll, A.D. 1327. WILLAN for Willin, q.v. WILLANS, Willan's (Son). WILLARD (Eng.) the A.-Sax. pers. name Wilh{e)ard — Resolutely Brave [v. under Will' and -|- O.E. h{e)ard, hard, brave] (A.-Fr.-Teut.) the French Guillard: (a) f. the O.Ger. Will{h)ard, Willihard, cogn. of A.-Sax. Wilh{e)ard [as above] ; (6) f. the first element of one or other of the O.Teut. Will- names -|- the Fr. dim. suff. -ard [O.Frank, hard, hard, brave] WILLASTON(Eng.)Bel.toWillaston(Chesh.2; Salop) = Wiglaf's Estate [the common A.-Sax. pers. name (here in the genit.) Wigldf is compounded of wig, war, battle, and Id/, relic : 1- tiin, farm, manor, &c.] Willaston, Wirral, was anc. Wilaveston; Willaston, Nantwich, was Wylaston in the 14th cent. WILLATT (A.-Fr.-Teut.) the French Guillat,l the first elem. of one or other of the O.Teut. Will- names [v. under Wilier] -f the Fr. dim. suff. -at. Cp. Willett, Willott. WILLATTS, WiLLATT's (Son). WILLCOCK = Will (pers.), q.v. -|- the E. pet suff. -cock. w!!:LCOx'^^}W"-^^°™'^(Son). WILLDER = Wilder, q.v. WILLER (Teut.) Beloved Army [A.-Sax. Wilhere = O.Ger. Williheri, &c. (whence Fr. Guiller) — O.E. willa = O.Sax. willio = O.H.Ger. willo, willio (mod. wille) = Goth, wilja = O.N. uili = Dut. wil (Fris. wille), will, pleasure, thing desired or be- loved -I- O.E. here = O.Sax. O.H.Ger. heri = Goth, harji-s (ace. hari) = O.N. her-r = Dut. heer, army, host] Willes 291 Willicombe WILLES = Willis, q.v. WILLET(T(A.-Fr.-Teut.) the common French Guillet, f. the first elem. of one or other of the O.Teut. Will- names [v. under Wilier] + the Fr. dim. suff. -et. Cp. Willatt, Willott. WILLET(T)S, WiLLET(T)'s (Son). q.v. + the E. WILLEY (Eng.) i = Will' dim. sufl. -ey. 2 Bel. to Willey (common) = (a) the Willow [O.E. wylig, wilig, welig] (b) the Willow-Lea [O.E.wyligt&c. + ledh] (c) the Well-Lea [O.E. wylla + ledh] (d) WiLLA's Island [O.E. i{e)g, island. low riparian land] Wiley, or Wylye, Wilts, was Wilig, Welig, in the A. - Saxon period (the Wilts river Wil{l)ey was also Wilig). Willey, Salop, was Wyliley and Wileiley in the early 14th cent. Wil(l)ey, Herts, was Wylye and Wyly in the 13th cent. Willey, Warw., was Wilee in the 12th cent., Welie in Domesday-Bk. Willey, Beds, was Wylye in the 13th cent. 14th- cent. records also mention a Wylye m Essex and a Wylley in Notts. The Weoledh ('t6 wed ledge' — dat.) of an early-ioth-cent. charter (' Cart. Sax.' no. 627) is identified by Mr. Ed. Smith as Willey near Farnham, Surrey. The name prob. means ' Wee Lea.' WILLGOOSE for Wildgoose, q.v. WILLIAM (Eng. and A.-Fr.-Teut.) Beloved Helm(et, i.e. Protector [for the first elem. see under Wilier, and + O.Teut. helm, as in O.E., O.Fris., O.Sax. and O.H.Ger. helm = O.N. hjdlm-r = Goth. hilm-s] Although Wilhelm is given in the A.-Saxon genealogies as being the name of a great-great-grandfather of the early- 7th-cent. E. Angl. king Raedwald, and Willelm was an nth -cent, bishop of London, the name was not common among the A.-Saxons; and William owes its popularity in this country to the first two post - Conquest rulers, who are referred to in the A.-Sax. Chronicle as Willelm (' Willelm cyng'). The Old Ger. forms were Willihelm (mod. Wilhelm) and Willehalm = O.Norse Uilhjdlm-r (mod. Vilhelm) = Dut. Willem. Froissart has Guillaumes (' Guillaumes de Gauville '), with nom. suff, -s\ and this is the form used in the 13th cent, by de Joinville (' Guillaumes de Bouon ') and his con- temporary Jehan Sarrazin ('Guillaumes Longue Espee quens [count] de Sales- bieres en Engleterre '). In 'Raoul de Cambrai ' (ed. Soc. des anc. textes franf.) the form is Willaume. In the " chanson de geste " ' Aliscans ' we find ' Li quens Guillames. Guillaume IX, Due d'Aquitaine (d. a.d. 1127), who wrote poems (pre- served) in the Provenfal language, was called Guillem. The nth-cent, poem de- scribing the ' Voyage de Charlemagne a Jerusalem, &c.' has ' Guillelmes d'Orenge'; the ' Chanson de Roland,' 'Willalme de Blaive, ' The L.Latin forms were Willelmus {as in Domesday-Book), Willem- us, and Guillelmus. Tho [when] Willam bastard hurde telle of Haraldes suikelhede [treachery]. — Rob. Glouc. Chron., 7332. For what thing Willam wan a day with his bowe, Were it fethered foul, or foure foted best, ■ Ne wold this William never on with hold to himselvp. — William and the Werwolf, p. 8. It had bene better of William a-Trent To have bene abed with sorrowe. — Robin Hood & Guy of Gisborne, 77-8. Guillaume is very common in France as a surname as well as christian name; and it has numerous derivatives. The first of the above two facsimiles is from the Sussex Domesday-Book. The second, reproduced from Lower's 'Hand- book tor Lewes ' (ed. 1855), is from an inscription on a leaden coffin believed to date trom a i3th-cent. reijiterment of the remains of William de Warenne, founder of Lewes Priory c. 1078: the curl at the end ot the name is the usual mediaeval con- traction representing -us- WILLIAMS, William's (Sou) "1 WILLIAMSON, William's Son J WILLICOMBE = Wellicombe, q.v. William. Willie WILLIE I = Will',', q.v. + the N.E. and Scot, dim. suff. -ie. Well agreed, Willie [var. Willye] : then sitte thee dowiie, swayne. — Spenser, Shep. Cal. (Aug.) Of all thir maidens mild as mead Was nane sae jimp [smart] as Gillie . . . Though a' her kin had sworn her dead She wad hae but sweet Willie [var. Willy]. — Christ's Kirk on the Green, 20-26. 2 for Willey^, q.v. WILLIES, Willie's (Son) : v. Willie. WILLIMOTT, V. Willmott. WILLIN = Wlll^^ + the Fr. dim. suff. -in. Ricardus Wylyn. — Yorks Poll-Tax, A.D. 1379. Guillin is a fairly common French surname. WILLING I for Willln, q.v. 2 the A.-Sax. Willing = Willa's .Son [v. WilP, and + the O.E. fil. suff. -ing\ WILLINGHAM ( Eng. ) Bel. to Willingham (several) [O.E. hdm, home, estate : for the first elem. V. under Wlllington] One of the Line, places was Willing- ham A.D. 1317-18. The Domesday form, Wivelingeham, of theCamb. parish points to an A.-Sax. *Wifelinga-hdm = the Home or Estate of the Wifel Family [-inga, genit. pi. of the 'son' suff. -ing + O.E. hdm, home, estate : v. WIvell] WILLINGS, WiLLiNG's (Son). WILLINGTON (Eng.) Bel. to Willington (several) [O.E. tiin, farm, estate : the first elem. is ol diverse origin — thus the Domes- day form, Ullavintone, of the Warw. Willington postulates an orig. A.-Sax. *Wulfldfinga-tun = the Estate of the Wdlflaf i'"AMiLY ; the forms Wiflinctun, Wivelinton, of the Durh. place in the Feod. Prior. Dunelm. imply an A.-Sax. *Wifel- inga - tiin = the Estate of the Wifel Family ; the Chesh. Willington occurs as Wilanton, Wylanton, A.p. 1302-4, implying an A.-Sax. *Wil{l)an-tun = Wil(l)a's Estate ; whereas the normal A.-Sax. form of Willington would be * Willinga-tun — the Estate of the Willa Family, which is prob. the meaning of the Shropsh. place- name {Willinton a.d. 1243-4). But the Bedf. place-name, Willintone A.B. 1315-16, was Wyliton A.D. 1291, in Domesday-Bk. Welitone, implying the Willow Enclo- sure or Farm [O.E. wylig, welig -\- tun] WILLINK, a var. of Willing, q.v. 292 Wilioughby v.Willin. WILLINS.Willin's (Son) WILLINSON, WiLLiN's Son WILuls } Willie's (Son) 1^.,,,^ WILLISON, Willie's Son J AddmWylis.— York.M//^rf;- = Wolf-Spear [O.E. wulf + gar, a spear] WOLLASTON (Eng.) Bel. to Wollaston or Wool(l)aston (several) = i Wulflaf's Farm or Estate [the A.-Sax. pers. name (in the genit., Wulfldfes) is a compound of wulf, wolf -t- Idf, heritage, relic: — tun, farm, &c.] 2 Wulfgar's Farm or Estate [for the pers. name see under Wolgar] The NorthantsWoUaston and the Glouc. Woolaston were Wolaveston in the 13th cent. The Staffs Woollaston, Wol{l)aston in the 13th cent., was Ullavestone in Domesday-Bk. The Shropsh. Wollaston was Wolastone {-e doubtless unorig.) 13th cent. Wollaston, Wore, was Wolarston a.d. 1327, prob.repr. A.-Sax. Wulfgdrestun. WOLLER for Waller, q.v. WOLLEY I V. Woolley. 2 for Walley, q.v. WOLLINGTON for Wallington, q.v. WOL(L)MAN : v. Woolman. WOLSDENHOLME for Wolstenholme, q.v. WOLSELEY \ (Eng.) Bel. to Wolseley (Staffs), WOLSELY J 1 3th cent. Wulfsiesley, Wulfsies- leg' = Wulfsige's Lea [the A.-Sax. pers. name is a compound of wulf, wolf -1- sige, victory : — ledh (f , dat. ledge), meadow] WOLSEY (Eng.) for the common A.-Sax. pers. name Wulfsige = Wolf-Victory [O.E. wulf -{- sige, victory] In the 9th-ioth cent, there were three bishops of Sherborne of the name Wulf- sige ; as well as a bishop of London. The Domesday-Bk. form was usually Ulsi. WOLSTENCROFT (Eng.) Bel. to Wolstan- crnft (Lanes), early-iyth-cent. Wohtencroft, Woolstencroft =- Wulfstan's Croft [O.E. croft, a small field] WOLSTENHOLME (Eng.) Bel. to Wolsten- holme (Lanes), 14th cent. Wolfstanesholm, 13th cent. Wlstartesholme = Wulfstan's Holm [O.E. holm = O.N. holm-r, river- island or low waterside-land] WOLSTON 1 ( Eng. ) i Bel. to Wolston WOLSTONE ( (Warw.), 13th cent. Wlfriches- ton, 1 2th cent. Wlvricheston = Wulfric's Farm or Estate [O.E. tiin] The Berks Woolstone has exactly the same origin. 2 V. Woolston. 3 for the common A.-S;ix. pers. name Wulfstdn = lit. Wolf Stone or Rock [in this pers. name stdn is no doubt used figuratively to denote ' strength '] WQLTERS for Walters, q.v. WOLTON for Walton, q.v. Woiver 303 WOLVER (Eng.) the common A.-Sax. pers. name Wulfhere = Wolf -Army [O.E. here, army] Wulfhere s6hte ic [ sought I ] and Wyrmhere. — Wids!^ (The Traveller), 1. 239. Wulfhere was the name of a 7th-cent. king of Mercia. WOLV(E)RIDGE (Eng.) repr. the common A.-Sax. pers. name Wulfric = Wolf- Ruler [O.E. rlc-, ruler, lord] Wulfric was tlie name of a brother of St. Dunstan. WOLVERSON (Eng.) i Wolver's Son : v. Wolvep. 2 a contr. of Wolverston(e, q.v. WOLVERSTON(E (Eng.) Bel. to Woolverstone (Suff.), I3tli-i4th cent. Wolferston [O.E. /MB, farm, estate; the first element is an A.-Sax. pers. name (in the genit.) — Wulfhere, Wulfh{e)ard, or Wulfw(e)ard ; suff. early forms to decide which are not available] WOLVERTON (Eng.) Bel. to Wolverlon (several) [O.E. tiin, farm, estate : the first element is an A.-Sax. pers. name— Wulf- here, Wulfh(e)ard, or Wulfw{e)ard, withtlie genit. pi., -inga, of the ' son ' suff. -ing ; — thus Wolverton, Wore, in Domesday-Bk. Ulfrinton, wasWulfringettin (for Wulfringa- tun) in the loth cent., i.e. 'the Estate of the W^ulfhere Family'; Wolverton, Warw., was Wulwardintone in the I3tli cent., Ulwarditone in Domesday - Bk., for A.- Sax. * Wulfwardingatiin = 'the Estate of the Wulfward Family '; the Bucks place was Wlverintone in Domesday-Bk ; the Norf. parish was Wolferton in the 13th- 14th cent. ; Wolverton, Hants, was Wulfreton in the 13th cent.] WOMACK (Eng.), found a.d. 1600 as Womock, seems to mean HoLLOW Oak (from resi- dence thereby) [O.E. mamb, womb, hollow, cavity -(- dc, oak-tree] WOMBELLlf ,,, . ,, WOMBILL I for Wombwell, q.v. WOM SWELL (Eng.) Bel. to Wombwell (Yorks), 14th cent. Wombewell, 13th cent. Wambewell, Domesday Wanbuelle = the Well or Spring in the Hollow or Cavity [O.E. wamb, womb, hollow -f- w{i)ella, well, spring] WOMERSLEY (Eng.) Bel. to Womersley (Yorks), the Domesday Wlmeresleia = WuLFMiER's Lea [see under Woolmer; and -f O.E. ledh (M.E. ley), meadow] Woodbury WONTER UEng.) Mole -Catcher [M.E. WONTNERJ and Dial. E. wont, want, O.E. wand, a mole-f-the O.E. agent, suff. -ere: the second « in Wontner repr. the M.E. pi. suff. -en] WOOD (Eng.) I Dweller at a Wood [M.E. wodc, O.E. wudit] Richard de la Wode.—Hund. Rolls. John atte Wode.— Ca/. Jng. P.M. 2 Frenzied, Wild [E. Mod. E. wood(e, M.E. wood, wod(e, O.E. w6d] Thanne [then] wolde he speke, and crie as he were wood. — Chaucer, Cant. Tales, A 636. . . . what Rage, what Furyes woodef — Googe, Eglogs (1563), IV. And heere am I, and wood within this wood. — Mids. Night'sDream (ed. 1623), II. i. 192. WOODALL for Woodhall, q.v. WOODARD (Eng.) i the 13th cent. pers. name Wodard, 12th cent. Wiidard [prob. f. O.E. wudu, wood -f- h(e)nrd, hard] 2 Wood-Herd (the herd who tended in the wood) [O.E. wudu ■\- hierde] Richard le Wodehirde. — Hund. Rolls. 3 a contr. of Woodward, q.v. WOODBERRY WOODBORO WOODBRIDGE (Eng.) Bel. to Woodbridge ; or Dweller at the Wooden Bridge [O.E. wudu, \vood -|- brycg, bricg~\ Woodbridge, Suff., was Wodebregge in the 14th cent., Wodebrige'm the 13th. The Wilts place, Wudebrige in the 13th cent., is referred to as Wodebrigge in a copy made (with alterations) in the M.E. period of the (Latin) boundary-detinements of a land-grant, dated a.d. 850, by .(Ethelwulf, king of the West Saxons. WOODBURN(E (Eng.) Dweller at the Brook by or in the Wood [O.E. wudu -f burna] WOODBURY (Eng.) i Bel. to Woodbury (Devon), r3th cent. Wodebir=ihe Strong- hold, by or in the Wood [O.E. wudu + burh, burg (dat. byrig] Overlooking the village is an ancient earthwork called Woodbury Castle. — Nat. Gaz. (1868). 2 Bel. to Woodbury or Woodborough (Notts), 13th cent. Wodeburg, Domesday Udeburg [same etym. as '] Y 1 UGH j^' Woodbury. Woodcock 304 Woodley There are other smaller places called Woodbury or Woodborough. 3 Dweller at the WooD-HiLL [O.E. wudu + beQrh, beorg, a hill, mound] In four different charters, of the 7th, gth and (two) loth cent., granting land at Downton, Wilts, to Winchester Cathedral, mention is made in tlie boundaries of wiidu beorh (var. beorch) hyll, evid. denoting a wooded hill with a tumulus or burial- mound. WOODCOCK (Eng.) a nickname from the fowl; at one time a common term for a simple- ton [M.E. wod(e)cok, O.E. wuducocc] WOODCRAFT ] (Eng.) Dweller at the WooD- WOODCROFT J Cr6ft[O.E. TOMi/«, awood -f- croft, a small field] WOODD = Wood, q.v. WOODEND (Eng.) Dweller at the End of the Wood [O.E. wudu -¥ ende] WOODER (Eng.) Woodman. Wood-Cutter [O.E. wudere] WOODERSON (Eng.) i Wooder's Son : v. Wooder. 2 Woodard's Son : v. Woodard. WOODFALL (Eng.) Dweller at the WooD- (Water-) Fall [M.E. mode, O.E. wudu, a wood -1- M.E./n//, O.E.^^)/(^)fl//, afall(as of water] WOODFIN "[(Eng.) Dweller at the WooD- WOODFINE I Pile or Wood- Store [O.E. wudufiti] WOODFORD \ (Eng.) Bel. to Woodford ; or WOODFORDE J Dweller at the Ford by the Wood [O.E. wudu -f ford] Tlie M.E. form was usually Wodeford, as in the case of the Wilts and Soms. places. The A.-Sax. dat. form was 't6 Wudaforda,' as in a Hants charter dated a.d. 701 ('Cart. Sax.' no. 102). WOODGATE 1 (Eng.) Dweller at the Gate(s WOODGATES I of the Wood [O.E. wudu + geai] WOODGER for Woodier, q.v. WOODHALL ( Eng. ) Bel. to Woodhall ; or Dweller at i the Hall by the Wood [O.E. wudu + h{e)aU\ 2 the Wood-Corner [O.E. h{e)al(h, a corner, nook] One of the Yorks Woodhalls was Wod- hall in the 14th cent. WOODHAM (Eng.) Bel. to Woodham ; or Dweller at the Enclosure by the Wood [O.E. wudu 4- hamini] The M.E. form was usually Wodeham, as in the case of one of the Essex places; and an Essex Woodham occurs in Queen jEJjelflEed's Will (loth cent.) in the dat. form ' set Wudaham.' WOODHATCH (Eng) Dweller at the Gate of the Wood [O.E. wudu + hcEc{c, a hatch or gate] WOODHAY (Eng.) Bel. to Woodhay ; or Dweller at the (Fenced) Enclosure by the Wood [O.E. wudu (earlier wi(o)du) + ge)hceg, haga, enclosure] The M.E. form was commonly Wode- hay(e ; but Woodhay, Berks, was Wydehay in the 14th cent., Widehay in the 13th. WOODHEAD (Eng.) Bel. to Woodhead ; or Dweller at the Head (Top) of the Wood [O.E. wudu + hedfod] The Yorks place was Wodehed a.d. 1379 ; and a Wodheved occurs in an Inq. ad q. Damn., a.d. 1307-8. WOODHOUSE (Eng,) Bel. to Woodhouse ; or Dweller at the HOUSE by the Wood [O.E. wudu -f hus\ The Wodehuse and Wodehusu' of the Yorks Domesday-Bk, represent resp. the O.E. dat. sing, (hiise) and dat.pl. (ktisum). Cp. Wodehouse. WOODHULLl (Eng.) Dweller at the WoOD- WOODILL J Hill [O.E. wudu + hyll (M.E. Jiul{l, hil{l\ John de Wodehull. — Vale Royal Ledger-Bh, A.D. 1366. WOODIER (Eng.) i Woodman, WooD-C utter [O.E. wudiere] 2 for Wood-Hewer [M.E. wodhewer(e, O.E. wuduhedwere] WOODIN 1 (Eng.) Dweller at the WooD- WOODING J Meadow [O.E. wudu + O.N.E. ing (O.N. eug), meadow] WOODINGTON for Waddington, q.v. WOODLAND 1 (Eng.)Bel.toWoodland(s;or WOODLANDS J Dweller at the Woodland(s [M.E. wodeland, O.E. wuduland] WOODLEIGH 1 (Eng.) Bel. to Woodleigh, or WOODLEY J Woodley ; or Dweller at the Wood-Lea [O.E. wudu + ledh (M.E. legh, ley, &c.] Woodleigh, Devon, was Wodelegh a.d. 1411-12. Wotodliffe 305 Woodward WOODLIFFE (Eng.) Dweller at the Wood- Cliff [O.E. wudu + clif] WOODLOCK (Eng.) Dweller at the Enclosure or Fold in or by the Wood [O.E. wudu + loc(a, efi closure, fold] WOODMAN (Eng.) Woodman, Wood-Cutter;' Forester ; later Hunter [M.E. wodeman, wudeman ; O.E. wudu + mann] / Wudeman{n was a personal name among the Anglo-Saxons. Inaprbclama- tion by EadgyS, queen of Eadward the Confessor, judgment is asked for on a certain undesirable fenant named Wude- mann, to whom the queen had lent a,' horse and who had not paid any rent for two years (' Dipl. Angl.,' p. 427). WOODMANSEYl (Eng.)Bel. to Woodmansey WOODMANSEE [ (Yorks) = Woodman's Is- WOODMANGY J land or Low Riparian Land [v. Woodman ; and -|- O.E. Ue)g, island, &c.J The place is situated on the banks of the R. Hull. WOODMASON (Eng. -|- Fr.-Lat.) Wood-Ma- SON [M.E. mode, 0.^.wudu, wood -f O.Fr. masson (Fr. mofon), L.Lat. macio, matio \ whence also Ger. steinm^te, O.H.Ger. slemmezzo, stonemason ; like Ger. metzeln, to butcher, ult. conn, with Lat. macellarius, meat-seller — macellum, meat - njarke.t, shambles] WOODNORTH (Eng.) app. short for Wood- Norton (Norf.), the North Enclosure or Farmstead by the Wood [O.E. wudu ' -I- «or|> turi] WOODNOTT\(A.-Fr.-Teut.), 14th cent. Wo- WOODNUTT J denot, f., with Fr. dim. suff, -ot, the Cont.(Low)Teut. form Wddan, WSdin, or Woden, of the A.-Sax. heroic and pers^ name Woden [the name is f. 0.(Low)Teut. 'w6d-, enraged, rabid, possessed, as in O.E. ' aj(Jii(Late 'M.E; and Early MoA.E.^wood) ^ Goth, wdd-s = O.N. S^S-r (= O.H.Ger. wuot\ The cognate present-day French sur- name is Godinot. WOODRAY (A.-Scand.) Dweller at the Wood- Corner [M.E. wode, O.E. wudu (O.N. ttiS-r), a wood + M.E. wra{y, O.N. urd, a corner] WOODREEFE\ WOODREEVE WOODREVE WOODROFF WOODROFFE WOODROOF WOODROOFE WOODROUGH WOODRUFF WOODRUFFE / (Eng.) Wood-Reeve ; Wood- VBailiff; Forester [O.E. wudu -j- ge)refa, ge)raefd\ Woodreve. — the woodman, the forester of the Midland Counties. — Surrdv Provincialisms (Eng. Dial. Soc.)- Spent upon our hood reefe for coming to give us notice of some abuses done to our wood. — MS. Accts. (1643), St. John's Hosp., Cant.; Diet. Kent. Dial, p. 191. It is improbable that the plant-name 'woodruff,' O.E. wudurofe, has had any influence on the weak forms of thiS' sur- name in .-rofr(e, -ruff(e, etc. WOODROW (Eng.) Dweller at the Hedgerow by the Wood [O.E. wudu + rdew, hedge- row] Roger Wodrowe. — Inq. ad q. Damn., ASi. 1310-11. WOODS, genit., and pi., of Wood, q.v. WOODSIDE (Eng.) Dweller at the Side of the Wood [O.E. wudu -\- side\ WOODSON, a contr. of Wooderson, q.v. WOODSTOCK (Eng.) Bel. to Woodstock (Oxfd.), 13th cent. Wddestok = the- En- closure of the Wood [O.E. wudu + stoc'\ Henry L had a zoological park here, as related by William of Malmesbury — . . . leones, leopardos, lynces, camelos . . . habebatque conseptum quod Wude- stoche dicitur. — Gesta Regum Angl., v. we)ODTHORP(E,(Eng. and Scand.) Bel. to Woodthorpe = the Village by the Wood [O.E., wudu = O.N. MiS-r -1- O.E. O.N". WOODWALL 1 (Eng.) i Dweller at the Well WOODWELL / or Spring of the Wood [O.E. wudu -f w{i)ell{a\' 2 a nicknapie from the Woodwale [M.K.wodeWale, a woodpecker: O.E. wudu, a wood ; the second elem. is prob. a borrowing f. O.N. ual-r, a hawk, falcon] In many places were nyghtyngales, Alpes, fynches, and worfewa/^i. — Chaucer, Rom. of the Rose, 657-8. WOODWARD (Eng.) Wood -War den, Forester [M.E. wodeward{e, wudewdrd, ■ O.E. wuduw(e)arit\ Wudu-wearde [dat.'] gebyreS <^lc wind- fylfpd tre6w ,, i;To the woodward belongs each wind- felled tree).— .Rert; Sing, ^ers.; Thorpe, . ^ Anc. Laws, p. 188.' , In the Latin transl. of the above A.-Sax. law the woodward is described as "custos nemoris vel forestarius." EUas le Wudeward.^ , Lane. Assige-Rolls, A.D. 1246. Woodwards 306 Woollcombe Aylward le Wodeward. — Hund. Rolls, A.Ti. 1274. "Grant by the Dean, John Goodman, to Humphry Walrond of See, Somerset, for life, of the office of woodward in the forest of Rociie, Somerset, with the yearly stipend of four loads of wood and 4s. : A.D. ISS3-4-"— Cal. MSS. Dn. and Ch. Wells, ii. 277. WOODWARDS, (the) Woodward's (Son). WOODWORTH (Eng.) Dweller at the Farm- stead by the Wood fO.E, wudu + wor^] WOODYAT ] (Eng.) Dweller at the Gate of WOODYATE Uhe Wood [U.E. wode, O.E. WOODYATT i oiwrfw + M.E. yai{e, O.E. geat. a gate, opening] w§§S^ir}f-^°°'"-.i- WOOF \ assim. forms of Woolf(e, Wolf(e, WOOFF J q.v. WOOFENDEN for Wolfenden, q.v. WOOKEY (Eng.) Bel. to Wookey (Soms.), I3th-i4th cent. Woky = the Soft Ripa- rian Land [M.E. ivook, wok, O.E. iu4c, weak, soft + M.E. e)y, O.E. ig, island, riparian land] The source of the R. Axe is in this parish. WOOLARD: v. Woollard. WOOLASTON: v. Woollaston, Wollaston. WOOLCOCK (Eng.) = WoWe (q.v.) + the pet suit, -cock [O.E. cocci WOOLCOT(T (Eng.) Bel. to Woolcot (Soms.) = (prob.) Wulf(a)'s Cottage [O.E. cot] WOOLDRIOGE (withintrus. -d-) for WoolMoh, q.v. WOOLER (Eng.) Bel. to Wooler (Northumb), , 14th cent. Wolloure, late 13th cent.Woloure [the second elem. evid. repr. O.E. dra, a bank, shore ; suffly. early forms are not available to decide the orig. of the first elem.] WOOLEY: V. Wool ley. WOOLF \ = Wolf(e, q,v. But most of the WOOLFE J Woolf(e)s in the London Directory are of more or less recent .Continental origin. WOOLFALL (Eng.) Bel. to Woolfall (Lane). 14th cent. Wolffal, Wolfall, 13th cent. Wolfal, Wulfhal = the Wolf-CqrjNEr or ^NooK [O.E.wulf + h(e)al(h] WOOLFENDEN: v. Wolfenden. V. Wolford." woolford \ woollford; WOOLFSON, WooLF's Son: v. Woolf, Wolf. i I V. Wolgap, Wolger. WOOLGAR i WOOLGERi Wulfgdr, occurring in Domesday-Bk. as > Ulgar, and as Wulgar in the 12th cent., was a common A. -Sax. name. Wulfgdr ina|>elodp, [jaet vvaes \\^endla le6d {Wulfgdri^poke, that was the Wendels' chief). — Bedwttlf, 701-2., The O.Low Ger. form was Wulfger. WOOLGROVE (Eng.) Dweller by (prob.) the Wolf-Cave [O.E. wulf + graf] WOOLHOUSE (Eng.) Dweller at the WooL- (Ware-)HousE [M.E. wol{le, O.E, wull + M.E. hous, O.E. hiis} Robertus del Wolhous. — Yorks Poll-Tax, A.D. 1379. WOOLLACOTT for Woolcot(t, qv. WOOLLAM (Eng.) a descendant of the A. -Sax. , pers. name Wulfhelnt = Wolf-Lord fO.E. wulf + helm, lit. helmet ; protector, lord] WOOLLAMS, Woollam's (Son). WOOLLAN for Woolland, q.v. WOOLLAND (ETig.) Bel. to Woolland (Dorset) = (prob.) Wulfa's Land or Estate. WOOLLARD (Eng.) i for the A.-Sax. Wulf- h(e)ard = Wolf-BravIe [O.E. mtlf + h{e)ard, hard, brave, firm] 2 for the' A. -Sax. Wulfw{e)ard = Wolf- Ward [O.E. wulf + w(,e)ard,^ ward, keeper] The forms in the I3th-cent. Hundred- Rolls are Wulward, Woleward, Wlward, Wlvard ; liad. a Ric'us Wulleward occurs in the Charter-Rolls, a.d. 1271-2. ' WOOLLASTON : v. Wollaston. WOOLLATT T (Eng.) i for the common WOOLLETT I A.-Sax. pers. name Wulfgedt = Wolf-Goth. 2 weak forms of Woollard, q.v. WOOLLCOMBE (Eng.) Bel. to Wool(l)combe ' (Dorset, Soms.) = the Wolf-Valley [O.E. wulf + cumb (of Celt, orig,] A wulfcumb occurs in the boundary- definements ot several land-charters of the A.-Saxon period relating to south- western counties. WooUcott 307 Woolwich WOOLLCOTT = Wooloot(t, q.v. WOOLLDRIDGE \ (with intrus. -d-) for WOOLLDREDGE J Woolrich, q.v. WOOLLER = Woolen, q.v. WOOLLEY 1 (Eng.) Bel. to WooUey (several) WOOLLIE J = I the Wolf-Lea [O.E.wulf+ ledh] 2 Wulf(a)'s Lea. 3 the Crooked Lea [O-E. wdh + ledh] The Wilts, place was WoJley in the 14th cent. The Yorks villagq^ was WolTey, Wollay, Wolveley in the 14th cent.,Wilvelai in Domesday-Book (as if for O.K. wylf, she-wolf). A wulfledh (' on isjulfledge ' — dat.) occurs in an 8th-century Glouc. charter ('Cart. Sax.' no. 246). WOOLLFORD = Woolford, Wolford", q.v. WOOLLIDGE for Woolwich, q.v. WOOLLIFF (Eng.) for the A.-Sax. pers. name WttlJIdf = Wolf-Relic [O.E. wulf + Idf, relic, heritage] WOOULISCROFT (Eng.) [O.E. croft, a small field : the first elem. is one of the A.-Sax. pers. names in Wulf- in the genit.] WOOL(L)lSON (Eng.) Woolley's Son ': v. Woolley. • _ WOOL(L)RIGHT (E %. Wool-Worker E. wull -t- wxrhtd] WOOL(L)VE,N 1(Eng.) descendants of the WOOL(L)VIN(E J common A.-Sax. pers. name W«//to!«« = Wolf-Lord [O.K. wulf + wine, friend, lord, etc.] WOOLMAN (Eng.) i Wool-Dealer [O.E. wull + mann] 2 for the A.-Sax. pers. name Wulfman. WOOLMER (Eng.) for the A.-Sax- pers. , name Wulfmckr = Wolf-Famous [O-E. wulf + mdsre, famous, glorious] Wulfstanes beam, Wulfmckr se geonga (Wulfstan's child, Wulfmmr the young, or junior).^-A.-Sax. poem descr. the Battle of Maldon, A.D. 993. I3th-cent. spellings of this name were Wolmer and Wolntar. WOOLMONGER (Eng.) Wool-Dealer [M.E. woUemongere, , wolmongere ; Q.E. wull + mangere, dealer, merchant] WOOLMORE fpr Woolmep, q.v. WOOLNER (Eng.) Wool-Manufacturer [f. M.E. wollen, OvE. mullen, woollen, with the„agent. sufl. -ere] WQOLNOTH for Wolfnoth, q.v. WOOLNOUGH (Eng.) Dyveller at or by the Wolf-Hough [f. M.E. wolven, a pi. and adj. form of wolf, O.E. .wulf; arid see Hough] WOOLPIT (Eng.), Bel. to Woolpit = the WoLF-PiT [O.E. wulf -(- pyt(t] . A wulfpyttis mentioned in an 8th-cent. Sussex charter ('Cart. Sax.' no. 197). Woolpit, Suff., occurs as IVlpit in an i iith-cent. bequest ('C.S.' no. 1013). WOOLREDGE for Woolrlch, q.v. WOOLRICH (Eng.) for the common A.-Sax. WOOLRIDGE Vpers. name Wulfric = WoLF- WOOLRYCH J Powerful [O.E. TOM// -I- nV(«] The I3th-cent. forms of this name were : Wlfric, Wlfrich, Wolvrich, Wulvrich, etc. W06lSe!y = Wolsey, q.v, WOOLSON (Eng.) i Wolf's Son: v. Wolf. 2 for Woolston, q.v. WOOLSTENCROFT = Wolstencrbft, q.v. WOOLSTENHOLME = Wolstenholme, q.v. WOOLSTON 1 (Eng,) i Bel. to Woblston(e WOOLSTON E f (several) [O.E. opne hiis, and mist- lice fata, and scypd, e6w eallum ic wyrce? (The Tree-Bright (carpenter) saith : Which of you does not make use of my craft, since houses, and various utensils, and ships, for you all I make (build) ?). Mlfrici Colloquium, late loth' cent. Ac [but] I wene it worth, of manue, As was in Noes [Noah's] tyme ; Tho [when] he shoop that shipe Of shides and of hordes, Was iievere wrighte saved that wroghte theron. — Piers Plowman, 6415-20. In youthe he [the reeve] lerned hadde a good myster [trade]. He was a wel good wrighte, a carpenter. — Chaucer, 'Cant, Tales, A 613-14. WRIGHTINGTON (Eng.) Bel. to Wrightjng- ton (Lane), 13th certt. Wryghtyngton, Wrichtingion, A.-Sax.* Wryhtinga-tAn .= the Estate of the Wryhta Family [O.E. wryhta, wyrhta, workman, artificer + -inga, genit. pi. of the fil. suff. ■•ing + ttin, farm, estate, &c.] , WRIGHTMAN = Wright (q.v.) -|- E. man. WRIGHTON (Eng.) Dweller at the Wright's Place [O.E. wryhta, wynhta (gfenit. wryh- ^ tan-, wyrhtan-) + ttin'] A WrightoH occurs in a Yorks ' Inq. ad q. Damn.', temp. Hen. VL Wrightson 312 Wydell WRIXEN WRIXON WRIGHTSON, the Wright's Son: v. Wright. WRIGLEY (Eng.) 1 Dweller at the Ridge-Lea [O.N.E. hrycg = O.N. hrygg-r + O.E. ledh (M.E. Uy, tegh, &c.] The initial W- in the name is evid. intrusive, and due to analogy; yet it is J somewhat surprising to find a ' Willelm'us Wryglegh ' as early as a.d. 1379 — in the Yorks PoU-Tax. 2 occ. for Ridley, q.v. WRINCH, a var. of Wrench, q.v. WRIIMGROSE for Ringrose, q.v. \ for Rixon = Ricl. izi<). Chaucer's description of the yeoman of his day, although somewhat lengthy, is worth quoting, as giving the type which gave rise to the surname — A yeman hadde he [the knight], and ser- vantz namo [no more] At that tyme, for hym liste ride soo ; ;, And he was clad in cote and houd of , grene. A sheef of pocdck arwes [peacock arrows] bright and kend 1 Under his belt he bar ful thriftily ..." And in his hand he baar a myghty bowe . . And by his syde a swerd [sword] and a bokeler, - And on that oother syde a gay daggere . . . An horn he bar, the bawdryk [baldric] was of grene. A forster [forester] was he, sobthly as I gesse.— Vxo\. Cant. Tales, loi-ii"]. Although Chaucer in the above quo- tation has the spelling yemdn, in the Reeve's Tale he refers to. the miller's- " estaat of yomanrye." YEOMANS, the Yeoman's (Son) \ v. Yeo- YEOMANSON, the Yeoman's Son | man. YEOVIL (Celt.) Bel. to Yeovil (Soms.), the A.-Sax. Gifel (dat. Gifle)\i. the river-name Gifel, later Ivel, also Yevel (now the Yeo, a dial, form of O.E. ed, river ; whence the mod. torm Yeovil) ; f. the early form of Wei. gefell, twin (gefail, tongs) ; conn. , with Wei. ^-aj?, a fork = Ga6l. gabhal, a fork, Ir. gdbhal (genit. gaibhle), O.lr. gabul, a fork, gable ; and cogn. with O.E! gafol, a fork, and with E. gable = Ger. giebel, • •' Vut. gevel, Goth, gibld] Yeoward 316 Youdall YEOWARD YEOWART YERBURGHl (Eng.) YERBURY f " \ = Eward, q.v. / Bel. to Yarborough (Line), 14th cent. Yerdbergh, 13th cent. Yerdeburc{k — the Earth-' Fortification [O.E. eor'Sburg, an earth- work. Y- in the name is the common dial, prefix : cp. ti.^. yearth for 'earth '] AtYarborough (Line), in the wapentake of the same name, are " traces of an extensive camp.'' At Yarborough, Louth (Linc.)( G. J. Yarburgh was lord of the manor in 1869. As^a 'John de Yerbury' occurs in a Soms. Subsidy-Roll, a.d. 1327, there is (or was) probably a spot of the same name \n West. England. YETMAN = Yeatman, Yateman, q.v. YETT = Yate, q.v. Out at the yett Wallas gat full fast.— Henry the Minstrel, Schir William Wallace, iv. 778. YETTON (Eng.)' i Bel. to Yetton or Yatton = the Enclosure or Farm of the Gate or Opening \M.¥.^yet{t, yat{e, O.E. geat^, a gate, opening -|- M.E. -ton, O.E. tun, enclosure, &c.] 2 for the M.E. pi., yeten/oiyet, a gate. 3 a dial, form of Eaton, q-v. YETTS = Yates, q.y. YEUDALL \ (Eng.) Dtveller at the Yew- YEWDALL J' Valley [O.E. iw + d(el'\ Cp. Udall. YEW (Eng.) I Dweller by a Yew-Tree [O.E. iw] 2 (rarely) a, descendant of the A.-Sax. pers. name Eowa, Edwa; v. Yeo". YEWEN for Ewen, Ewan, q.v. YEWS, pi., and genit., of Yew, q.v. YMAN for Wyman, q.v. YOCKNEY (Eng.) Dweller at the Oak-Tree Island" or Waterside [O.E. dcen, adj. form f. O.E. dc, oak-tree -|- ({e)g, island, , &c. : Y- in the name is the common dial. prefix] YOHE 1 = Yeo, q.v. YOEMAN YOHMAN I = Yeoman, q.v. YOLLAND, a var. of Yalland, q.v. YOMAN = Yeqoman, q.v. YONGE } '^■^- '^°™® °^ Young, q.v. With hym ther was his sone, a yang squier. — Chaucer, Prol. Cant. Tales, 79. YONGEMAN = Youngman, q.v. " yS§Le}= Yule, q.v. YORATH for Yopwarth, q.v. YORK "1 (A.-Lat.-Celt.) Bel. tp York, the YORKE 1 M.E. Yorke, York, DomesAay Euruic, O.N. loruik, A.-Sax. Eoforwic, Eoferwic [eof0r,-er (f as vj, boar -t- w(c, place],' Lat. Eboracum, Eburacum (b prob. pron. nearly- as v) — Eburos's Estate [Eburacum is the Roman form of an O.Celt. *Eburacon^ (ace), -dc-um, or -tfc-OM, being the common domanial or possess, suff. ; while Ebur-osi > Latinized Ebur-us, is a frequent Gaul, pars, name meaning 'yew-tree' (the yew was a sacred tree) ; cogn. with Gael, and Ir. iubhar, O.Ir. ibar (whence the Irish pers. name Ibhar or I var), yew; Wei. ^/lor now means ' hedge '] Agnes de York. — Yorks Poll-Tax, ^.D. 1379. At t>e ersbisschop of York now will I bigyn.^L. Minot, Poems (14th cent.), ix. 29. Le nom gaulois de I'if [yew], eburos, joue un rOle important dans la nomen- clature gdographique des , Gaulois. . . . I Le nom d'homme Eburus s'est rencontre souvent dans les inscriptions romaines. ... En Angleterre York, Eburacus, en derive. — de Jubainville, Les Celtes (1904), pp. 5 1-2. The mod. Welsh name of York is Caerefrog [Wei. caer, fortress, city]. The Irish name is Ebroch. YORWARTH is an Aiiglicization of the Welsh v form, lorwerth, oi the A.-Sax. Eddweard [v. Edward] ; and its peculiar form, with the Efpp. phonetic substitution of -r- for -d-, is doubtle.ss due to the attempt to, ap- proximate- to the pronunciation of the A.-Sax. Edd-. lorwerth uab Maredudd (lorwerth son of Meredith). — ' Breuddwyd Rhonabwy ' (Dresim of Rhonabwy) ; Mabinogion. YOUARD 1 YOUART \ = Eward, q.v. YOUATT J YOUD 1 , . ,youdeJ =''"'^«'1''- ^Y§^C^L^ = Veuda.,.q.. Youds 317 Zouch YOUDS, Youd's (Son) : v. Youd, Jude. YOUELL (Eng.) i Dweller at (a) the Spring by the Yew(s [O.E.Yto, yew-tree +'w{i)ell(a, well, spring], (6) the Ewe-Spring (spring frequented by ewes) [O.E. S(o)we, ewe] 2 conf. with Yuill, q.v. YOUENS for Ewens, q.v. YOULLJ ^"'e, q.v. YOULTON (Eng.) Bel. to Youlton (N. Yorks),. the Domesday loletun — (prob.) Ge6l's Farm 6r Estate [see under Yule, and -I- O.E. tun, farm, &c.] YOUMANS, V. Yeomans. YOUNG "I (Eng.) This name doubtless owes YOUNGE I ifs C9mmonness to being used in the sense of 'the younger' or 'junior' [M.E. yong{e, yung{e, O.E. geong, young] . John le Yonge. — ffund.^RoUs. Young, in our directories, is often a recent Anglicization of the cognate Gei-. Jung. YOUNGER (Eng.) Junior [cdmpan of Young] YOUNGHUSBAND [v. Young and Husband] Roger le Yonghusband.— Co/. Rot. Orig. YOUNGLING (Eng.) Youth {O.K.geongling— -ling, dim. suff.] YOUNGMAN [v. Young, and -t- E. wah] This name is sometimes a recent Ang- licization of the corresD. Ger. JungmOfi. YOUNGMAY [v. Young and May] YOUNGS (Eng.) Young's (Son).: v. Young. YOUNGSBAND idr Younghiisband, q.v. YOUNGSMITH , [v. Young and Smith] YOUNGSON (Eng.) Young's Son : v. Young. YOXALL (Eng.) Bel. to Yoxall (Staffs), 13th cent. Yoxhal(e, lokeshal = (prob.) Geac's Hall [the pers. name (in the genitive) is a nickname f. O.E. gedc, a^ cuckoo -f- O.Merc. hall, a hall] YUILL (Eng.) i Dweller at {a) the Yew-Hill , [O.E. iw + hyll] (b) the Ewe-Hill [O.E. ^{o)we -f hyll] 2 conf. with Youell, q.v. YULE (Eng.) a name given to one born it Christmas [M.E. youle, yole, O.E. geol = O.N. iol, "a great midwinter-feast in ' the heathen-time, afterwards applied to Christmas"] Robertus Youle. — Yorks Poll-Tax. A.p. 1379. YUNG. V. Young. YUNGER, v. Younger. YUNGLING, V. Youngling. YUNGMAN.V. Youngman. ^ACH, a dim. of Zachary, Zachariah, q.v. ZACHARIAH \ (Heb.) The Lord hath Re- ZACHARY J membered [Heb. Z'Marydh ; f. zdkhar, to remember, and Yah, Jehovah] ZEAL 1 (Eng.) Bel. to Zeal (Devon), a voiced ZEALL 1 (West-Country) form of Seal, q,v. ZEALEY (Eng.) a voiced (West-Country) form of Sealey, Seeley, qvA ZIMMERMAN (Ger.) Carpenter: v. the Appendix of Foreiign Names. ZOUCH, V. Such. Alan de la Zovxhe.— Testa iie Nevill. 3i8 ETYMOLOGICAL Appendix of the Principal Foreign Names FOUND IN BRITISH DIRECTORIES. ACKERMANN (Ger.) Husbandman, Agri- culturist [O.H.Ger. achar, acchar, a field -i- manin] Eng. Acreman. ADLER (Ger.lJ Eagle [M.H.Ger.adler, adel-ar; I. O.H.Ger. adal, noble + aro (mod. aar), large bird of prey, eagle] ADOLF \(Ger.) Noble Wolf [f. O.H.Ger. ADOLPH f adal. noble -\- wolf] AHRENS.genit. of Ahrent (with dropped -t-) AHRENT (Ger.) Eagle [L.Ger. arent = Dut, arend] ALBRECHT (Gef.) = Albert, q.v. in Diet. ANDERSEN (Scand.) Dan.-Norvv. form of Anderson, q.v. in Diet. [Dan.-Norw. ^ son, son] ANDRE (Fr.) = Andrew, q.v. in Diet. ANTON (Ger.) for the Lat. Antonius (Eng. Atft(h)ony), f. the , Gr. Antios, Latinized Antius [Gt. dvTlos, conironting] APFEL (Ger.) = Apple, q.v. in Diet. [M.H.Ger. ap/el. O.H.Ger. apful] AREND(T (Dut.) Eagle - [Dut. arend] ARM AND (Fr.) SoLdier, Warrior [f. O.Ger. Hariman (A.-Sax. Hereman) — hari, army, + man(n] ARNAUT } ^^'-^ = Arnold', q.v. in Diet. . ASCHER (Ger.) = Asher, q.v. in Diet. AUBERT (Fr.) = Albert, q.v. in Diet. AUGUST (Ger.) \ forms of Lat. Altgustus: see AUGUSTE (Fr.) J under Austin in Diet. BACH (Ger.) Brook [M.H.Ger.bach, O.H.Ger. bah(h] Eng. Bach(e, i Batch, and lA.-Scfeind. Beck. BARRAUD (Fr.) see under Barpat(t' in Diet. BAUER (Ger.) Peasant, Husbandman [M.H.Ger. gebure, O.H.Ger. giburo^ Eng. Bower^. BAUM (Ger.) Tree [M.H.Ger. O.H.Ger. 6o«»i] Eng. Beam. ^ BAUMANN (Ger.) BuilDer [M.H.Ger. O.H.Ger. bu, building, construction + mdn(n]\ BAUMGARTNER (Ger.) Nurseryman* [see Baum ; and + gdrtner, gardener, f. M.H.Ger. ^art^, 'O.H.Ger. garto, garden] BAYER (Ger.) Bavarian [f. the Latinized; tribal name Bauarii] BEAUFORT (Fr.) Noble Stronghold, [Fr. ibeau, bel, tine, noble ; Lat. bell-us + Fr, , fort, a stronghold, fort ; f. 'Lai. fort-is, strong] There are several places of this name in France. BEAUFOY (Fr.) Fine or Noble Beech-Tree [Fr. beau, bel, Lai: bell-, fine, &c. -f O.Fr- fay, fai (mod. Fr. fay-ard), Lat. fag-us, a I j ' beech-tree]' There is a Beaufai in Orne, Normandy. BEAULIEU (Fr.) see Beaulieu in Diet, BEAUMONT (Fr.) see Beaumont in Diet. ' BECK (Ger.) Baker [Dial. Ger. Jec*, M.H.Ger. becke,0.ii.Gev.becko] BECKER (Ger.) Baker [Ger. backer, M^H.Ger. ' becket] BEHREND (Ger.) Bear [f. O.Ger. Berin (with added -d), a dim. form of O.H.Ger. bero, ^ bear] BEHRENS, genit. of Behrend (vyitlj dropped -d-). ' ■ BE(H)RING (Ger.) Bear's Son [f. O.H.Ger. bero, a bear -f- tUe ' son ' suff. -ing] BENOtT (Fr.) form of Benedict, q.v. in Diet. BERG (Ger.) Hill, Mountain [M.H.Ger. Q^H.Ger, bergl Berger 319 Courtier BERGER "I (Fr.) Shepherd, Swain [Fr. BERGIER J berger: see Bepgep in Diet.] BERG MANN (Ger.) Miner; Mountaineer [see upder Berg, and + mann\ BERNHARDT (Ger.) Bear-Brave |}O.Ger. Berinhard, Berinhari: Berin-, a dina. form oihero, a bear + O.h.Gex. hard, O.H.Ger^ ' hart, hard, brave] BERNSTEIN (Ger.) Amber [Ger. bemstein, amber : the surname is mod. Ger.-Jewish] BIRNBAUM (Ger.) Pear-Tr:ee [Ger. bime, a pear, is really a pi. form ; O.H.Ger. bira, {. Lat. pir-um, a pear + Ger. baum, a tree : see under Baum] BISCHOFF ($er.) Bishop [Ger. bischof; of the same brig, as Eng. Bishop(p, q.v. in Diet. BISMARCK (Ger.) f. the place-name Bismark i.e. Bisehofsmark — the Bishop's March or Boundary [see Bischoff, and + ' O.H.Ger. marka] BLOCH (Ger.) Block (nickname) [M.H.Ger. ' btoch. O.H.Ger. 6/oA(A] BLONDEAU ] (fr.) Fair, LfeHT-CoMPLEX- BLONDEL lONED [see Blond in Diet., and BLONDET J -I- the Fr. dim. suffs. -eau, for / earlier -el, and -et] BLUM (Ger.) Bloom, Flower [Ger. blume, M.H.Ger. bluome, O.H.Ger. SZuoma] BLUMBERG (Ger.) Flower-Hill [see Blum and Berg] BLUMENFELD (Ger.) Flower-Field [Ger. , blumen, pi. ol blume (see Blum) +feld, O.H.Ger. feld, a field] BLUMENTHAL (Ger.) Flower-Valley [see under Blumenfeld; and + Ger. t{h)al, O.H.Gej. tal, a' dale, valley] BONNIN (Fr.) QooD [Fr. Jwi, Lat. bon-us, , good + the Fr. dim; suff. -in] BONVAL(L)ET (Fr.) Good Valet or Youth [Fr. ban, Lat. bon-us, good -f- Fr. valets see Val let in Diet.] BOUCHARD (Fr.) BiG Mouth [Fr. bouche, mouth, Lat. bucca^ + the Fr. intens. suff. -arJ, O.Teut, Aarrf, hard] BOUTEILlER (Fr.) Cup-Bearer [see Butler in Diet.] BOUVIER"! (Fr.) Cattle-Drover, Ox-Herd BOYER \[L.\^3Lt.bovarius;l.l^aX.bos,bovis, an ox] BRAUN (Ger.) Brown [M.H.Ger. O.H.Ger. O.L.Ger. ftr(i/!] BRENDT (Ger.) a syncopated var. of Behrend, q.v. i BRONTE (Gr.) Thunder [Gr. ^povf^J The father of Charlotte, Emily, and Anne Bronte is said to haye been origin- ' ally named Prunty. BRUIN (Dut.) Brown [Dut. bruin = Fris. and O.Teut. ftnJn] BRUN (Fr.) Brown [Fr. 6n<«, f. Teul/.: see under Braun] BRUNEL (Fr.) Brown [•- Brun, with dim. . - ■ suif. -et] BUHL (Ger.) Lover, Sweetheart [Ger. buhle, M.H.Ger. buole, O.H.Ger. buolo'] BURCKHARDT (Ger.) Stronghold-Firm [M.H.Ger. burc, O.Teut. burg, city, strong- hold -h hard, hart, hard, firm] Corresp. to the A.-Sax. Burgh{e)arJ. BURGER (Ger.) Burgher, Citizen [Ger. biir- ger, M.li.Ger. biirgcere, O.H.Ger, jMr^an] BUSSY (Fr.) Thicket, Woody Place [O.Fr. bus (mod. bois)i O.H.Ger. busc, a Dush,, thicket, wood : -y repr. the Lat. ' planta- ' tion ' suffix -et-urn\ CAILLARD l (Fr.) i Piebald (evid. anapparel- CALLARD J nickname) [Dial. Fr. cail, caille, piebald ; with intens. suff. -ard, O.Teut. hard, hard] 2 a nickname from the Quail [Fr. caille (of L.Ger. orig.) ; with suff. as above] CASTELNAU \ (Fr.) Nevv Castle [O.South. CASTELNEAU J Fr. castel, Lat. castell-um -^ O.S.Fr. -nau, -neau, Lat. nov-um, new] CASTRO (Ital., Span,, Portug.) Castle [Lat. castrum, dat. castro] CAZENOVEUFr.) New House [Fr. case CAZNEAU \ neuve, Lat. casa nova: see under Case in Diet.] CHAMP (Fr.) Field [Fr. Shamp, Lat. camp-US'] CHASTEL \(Fr.) Castle [O.Fr. chastel. CHRISTIANSEN) Scand. forms of Christ- CHRISTENSEN J ianson, q.v. in Diet. CLERC l(Fr.)- Clerk [Fr. cUrc, Lat. CLERGUE; cleric-us] COQUARD (Fri) Old Gallant, Old Beau [Fr. caq, a coek -1- the intens. suif. -ard, O.lerxt. hard] COUDRAY (Fr.) Hazel-Grove [see Cowdrey, in Diet.] COURTIER (Fr.) Broker, Agent [O.Fr, couratier; Lat. curator, a guardian, over- looker] Dacosta 320 Du Pre DACOSTA \ (Portug.) Of the Coast or DA COSTA J Shore [Lat. casta, a side] D'ALLEMAGNEl (Fr.) Of Germany [Lat.- D'ALMAINE J Teut. tribal name Al{l)e- matini, Alamanni, usually said to signify . the 'All-Men,' whatever that may mean. Ill all probability there should bfe an initial H-, ahd the -e-, -a-, is a phon. intrust : I suggpst for the first elem. the O.Teut. halm- (as in OvN. hjAlm-r), helra(et ; the Alamanni, in that case, being ' the Helmeted Men ': dp. Hess(eJ DANTE (Ital.) contr. of Durante, q.v. DASILVA 1 (Portug.) Of the Wood [Lat. DA SILVA f silva, a wood, thicket] DEFRAINE 1 (Fr.) Of (the) Ash-Tree fFr, DE FRAINE | /r^«e, Lat ./ra.r!w-«x, an ash-tree] DE JONG (Dut.) Xhe Young(er [Dul. de, the -f jong, young(er] DELACROIX "I (Fr.) Of the Cross [Lat. DELACROIX/ crux, crucis, a cross] DELACRUZ I (Span.) Of the Cross [Lat. DE LA' CRUZ J crux, crucis, a cross] 'V DELARUE \ (Fr.) Of the Street [see Rew DE LA RUE I (Fr.-Lat.) in Diet.] I DELMAR 1 (Span.) Of the Sea (-Coast) or DEL MAR 1 Lake [Lat. mare, the sea] DEPASS \ (Fr.) Of (the) f ass or Track DE PASS J [Ft. pas(se; hat. pass-us, a track] DESBOIS ] (Fr.) Of the Woods [see Buss DES BOIS . _. - DETMAR DETTMAR DEVERE DE VERE j , in Diet.] I (Flem,) = Dittmar, q.v. '1 (Fr.) Of (the) Fishing-Place [see Vere in Diet.] DEVRIES 1 (Dut.) The Frieslander [Dut. DEVRIESM^, the + Vries, Ffie^landpr, Frisian : see under Fraser in Diet.] DEWIT(T \ (Flem.) The White [Flem. de. DE WIT(t; the ; iwiV, white] DEWOLF l(Flem.) The Wolf [Flem. de, DE WOLF I' the + wolf] DIAZ (Span.) a contracted genit. of Diago (Diego) = Jacob, q.v. in Diet. DIETRICH (Ger.) People or Mighty Ruler [see under Theodoric in Diet.] DIEZ I C^^"") '^'™' fornis of Dietricjh, q.v. DITTMAR (Ger.) People or Mightily Famous [O.H.Ger. diot(a, nation, people (see Theed in Diet.) -1- mdri, famous, &c.] DORE (Fr.) Golden [see Doree in Diet.] DREYFUS "I (Ger.) Trivet, Tripod [Ger. DRE\FUSSj dreifuss; f. O.H.Ger. drt, three + fuoz, foot] A Jewish-Ger. nickname for a^maker ot the article-. No connexion with the place-name Trfives. DRUCKER (Ger.) Printer [f. M.H.Ger. drucken, drucken, O.H.Ger. drucchan, to press] DU- (niasc.) (Fr.) Of the [O.Fr. deu, del, contr. of de le; Lat. de + ilium (masc. ace] (Fr.) Of the Wood [see Buss - in Diet.] DUBOC DUBOIS DUBOS DUBOSC DUBOSQ DUBUC DUBUS . DUBUSC DUBUSQUE'' DUBUISSON 1 (Fr.) OF the Bush or DU BUISSON J Thicket [Fr. buisson on, dim. suiT. : see Buss in Diet,]'. DUCHENE I (Fr.) Of the Oak-Tree [Fr. DUCHESNE \chene, O.Fr. chesne, quesne: see DUQUESNE J under Cheney in Diet.] DUCLOS ] (Fr.) Of the Enclosure [Fr^ DU CLOSJc/fli; f. Lat. claudere (sup. claur ^ ^ I sum), to close]' DUFEU 1 (Fr.) Of the Beech-Ti(ee [Dial DU FEU J Ft. feu, fey, fay (Fr. fay-ard), Lat, fag-US, beech-tree] ; DULIEU \ (Fr-) Of the Place [Fr. lieu, Lat. ; DU LIEU I /oc-«i, a place] DUMAS (Fr.) Of the Little Farm or EsTAT? [South. Fr. mas, L.Lat. mans-us; conn, with Lat. mansio, a station] DUMONT \{Ft.) O^ the Mount [Lat. DU MONT J - mont-em, ace. of mons, a hill] DUPARC "I (Fr.) Or the Park [see under DU PARC J Park in Diet.] DUPONT 1 (Fr.) Of the Bridge [Lat. DU PONT J pont-em, ace. oipons, a bridge] DUPRAT -> DU PRAT DUPRE DU PRE ■ See Pratt and Pray in the Diet. (Fr.) Of the Meadow [Lat. prat-um, a meadow] Dupuis 321 Finkler DUPUIS 1 (Fr.) Of the Well or Pit [O.Fr. DU puis; puis (Ft. putts), Lat. pute-us] DUPUY "1 (Fr.) Of the Height [South. Fr. DU PUY //>«>, a, height; Lat. podi-um, a balcony, elevated platform] Le puy est, k proprement parler, la plate-forme a rebords qui caract6rise la cime des anciens volcans d'Auvergne. — Larchey, p. 146. DURANTE (Ital.) Enduring [Ital. durante; f. durare, Lat. durare, to endure, last] DUVAL \ (Fr.) Of THE Valley [Lat. vall-is, DU VALJ a vale] EBERHARD(T (Ger.) Boar-Brave [see under Everapd in Diet.] EBERT (Ger.) a dim. of Eberhapd(t, q.v. ECK(H)ART 1 (Ger.) Sword-Brave [O.H.Ger. ECJKERT J ecka, 'weapon-point, sword -1- hart, hard, brave] The A.-Sax. Ecgh{e)ard. EDELMANN (Ger.) Nobleman [O.H.Ger. edili, noble -|- man{n] EDELSTEIN (Ger.) Precious Stone ; Jewel [O.H.Ger. edili, noble + stein, stone] EHRLICH (Ger.) Honourable [f. O.H.Ger. Sra, honour -f the adj. suff. -licK] EHRMANN (Ger.) Honourable Man; Worthy [f.O.H. Ger.^-a, honour -|-»!aK(«] ELKAN (Heb.) an apocopated form of El- kanah (Vulgate £/<7